中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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Ⅰ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以城市拾荒者Marin的故事为线索,探讨城市拾荒的重要性以及城市垃圾的归属问题。
1.A [写作意图题。根据第三段中的“Marin’s story is not...keeping waste manageable.”可知,世界上还有很多和Marin一样的拾荒者,他们在让垃圾可控方面起着极其重要的作用。由此可知,作者提到Marin的故事是为了说明城市拾荒者的作用,故A项正确。A项“强调废物收集者的作用”;B项“反映下岗工人的艰辛”;C项“赞扬她对女儿的奉献”;D项“显示失业的严重性”。]
2.A [写作手法题。根据第三段中的“the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans...Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills”可知,本段通过将纽约市相关政府部门收集的垃圾数量和城市拾荒者捡拾的垃圾数量进行对比,来说明城市拾荒者的重要性,故A项正确。]
3.B [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Just because I recycle,it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else”可知,Marin认为不能因为她拾荒就认为她低人一等。由此可推断,Marin应该会同意“工作没有贵贱之分”的观点,故选B。A项“公事公办”;B项“工作不分贵与卑”;C项“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”;D项“好人有好报”。]
4.B [标题归纳题。本文第一、二段讲述了Marin开始拾荒的原因;第三段以纽约市为例讲述了城市拾荒者的重要性;第四段讲到了美国联邦最高法院规定,家庭垃圾一旦出现在街上,就属于公共财产;第五段援引Ryan Castalia的话来讨论城市垃圾的归属;第六段讲到了Marin遭遇的一次不被尊重的经历;最后一段则讲到了其实环保和人权保护可以携手并进。综合以上可知,本文以一个城市拾荒者Marin的故事为线索来探讨城市垃圾的归属问题,故B项适合作本文的标题。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了针织对于人们心理健康的积极影响,以及针织如何帮助人们进入一种被称为“Flow”的状态。
5.B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But in the 1940s...of early occupational therapy (治疗).”可知,本段主要介绍了针织在飞行员中的应用和好处,并在段末总结道:它们(像针织这样的“膝上手艺”)是早期职业治疗的基石。结合下文对针织的介绍可知,第一段的作用是引入主题。故选B。]
6.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中对“Flow”的介绍中的“The best moments usually occur if...difficult and worthwhile.”可知“Flow”这一概念的提出者认为,最美好的时刻通常出现在一个人自愿努力将身体或思维发挥到极限以完成一件困难而有价值的事情时。再根据第五段的事例中的“To complete the task...sustain a state of mind driven by rhythm and process.”可知,Shauna Richardson说为了完成这项需要近60公里羊毛的任务,她必须“把所有事情都抛开,保持一种由节奏和过程驱动的思维状态”。据此可知,当一个人全身心投入到一个技术挑战中时,他会体验到“Flow”。故选C。]
7.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“three-quarters of those who...and forget their problems”可知,在每周针织三次或更多次的人当中,有四分之三的人感觉他们更能够组织自己的想法,忘记自己的困难。据此可推知,常做针织的人感觉更有能力处理他们的想法和挑战。故选D。]
8.A [标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的最后一句和第三段中的“the more frequently people knitted,the calmer and happier they felt”可知,本文主要介绍了针织对于人们心理健康的积极影响,所以A项“活跃的双手,平静的心灵”为最佳标题。B项“独特的疗法,有效的治疗”;C项“特别的技巧,有条理的思想”;D项“简单的针织,健康的身体”。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1999年作者逃离了因钻石而引发内战的塞拉利昂,去加拿大生活。因为对家乡人民,尤其是对家乡儿童的牵挂,作者多次返回塞拉利昂重建学校,帮助他们获得教育。作者的行动得到了慈善机构的帮助,也感染了其他人一起加入。
1.A [根据上文的“You need to go home!”和下文的“the country I escaped from in 1999”可知,塞拉利昂是作者的祖国,因此当妻子说作者需要回家时,作者买了机票,收拾好行李,返回 (head back to) 祖国。move on to“接着去其他地方”;live up to“达到,符合;不辜负(他人的期望)”。]
2.D [根据上文的“a war over diamonds destroyed”和下文的“The civil war lasted 11 years and ruined many schools”可知,这场内战的破坏力非常大,摧毁了作者的家园(land)。land在此意为“(涉及感情或想象的)国家,地区”。project“项目,工程,计划”;expectation“预料,预期;期待”;belief“信念”。]
3.C [结合语境和常识可知,作者努力帮助受战火影响的祖国人民,尤其是无法接受教育的孩子们,这是一件正确的(right)事情。demanding“要求高的,费力的”;hopeless“无望的”;impossible“不可能发生的”。]
4.C [空处与空前的rebuild并列,此处表示“在2009年,即我逃亡的10年后,我相信是时候重建和恢复(reclaim)我们战前的生活了”。故选C项。recall“记起,回忆起,回想起”。]
5.B [根据上文的“With most of the schools ruined”可知,“rebuild and the life we had before the war”是一个富有挑战性的(challenging)任务。responsible“有责任的”;sorrowful“悲伤的”;miserable“令人不愉快的,令人不舒服的”。]
6.D [根据下文的“I considered that payment in full.”可知,学校被重建,孩子们对作者报以微笑。greet“问候,迎接,致意”;praise“表扬,赞扬,称赞”。]
7.B [根据上文的“I considered that payment in full.”和下文的“rebuilding one school after another”可知,孩子们发自内心的喜悦鼓励(pushed)作者做更多。remind“提醒,使想起”;request“要求”;convince“使信服,说服”。]
8.A [根据上文的“leaving children without an education or a future”可知,战争剥夺了孩子们的教育权和未来,因此当作者通过努力重建了学校之后,孩子们不仅能够重新上学,他们也将拥有未来(future)。choice“选择”;goal“目标”。]
9.C [根据下文的“rebuilding one school after another”可知,工人和志愿者日夜苦干(labored),重建了一座又一座学校。labor在此作动词,意为“干苦力活”。]
10.B [根据第一段首句的“When I have a sad look on my face and my mind isn’t where it should be”可知,回国之前,作者一脸悲伤,心不在焉。再结合上文的描述可知,作者回到祖国以后,帮忙重建了很多学校,做了很多有意义的事情。因此当他返回加拿大以后,心情和状态上肯定会有很大的转变(transformation)。disappointment“失望”;satisfaction“满意”。]
11.A [根据下文的“All that food reminded me of the empty stomachs of the children overseas.”可知,作者在加拿大的生活总让他的思绪(mind)回到祖国的问题上。此处也呼应了第一段首句的“my mind isn’t where it should be”。solution“解决方法”;stress“压力”。]
12.D [分析句子结构可知,空处是对下文“The weather wasn’t just right or a flight had been postponed.”的总结;结合常识可知,这些是人们的抱怨(complaint)。comment“评论”;argument“争论”。]
13.B [上文讲作者返回祖国正是妻子的建议,再结合本句中的“always”和空后的“I’d return once again”可知,作者的妻子通情达理,总是坚定地(firmly)让作者返回祖国。]
14.C [根据上文的“the children me with smiles”和下文的“want to see the smiles of more children in Sierra Leone”可知,作者希望能够看到更多快乐的(happy)孩子。]
15.D [根据上文的“We all know how much a smile can”和下文的“It is payment in full.”可知,作者认为孩子们的微笑能支撑(sustain)他们走很远。enrich“使丰富”;persuade“说服”;sustain“支持”。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上、即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
1.falling [考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接正在下坠的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是逻辑上的主动关系,同时表示正在进行中的含义。故此处应用现在分词作定语。故填falling。]
2. The [考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,故the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。]
3. asleep [考查词性转换。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,故asleep符合句意。故填asleep。]
4.to see [考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到椅子上去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。]
5.accidentally [考查词性转换。句意:当他往下看时,他不小心滑了一跤,从阳台边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。]
6.and [考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟并且喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。]
7.was fixing [考查时态和主谓一致。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。主语为Henry,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。再根据空后的when he heard the screams可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实,故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。]
8.threw [考查时态。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。]
9.son’s [考查名词的格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。]
10.how [考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道该如何感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处要填写特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。]
A篇 1.核心单词:Para.7:humanity n.人性;人道,仁慈 2.核心短语/词块:Para.2:close down倒闭 make ends meet维持生计;收支平衡 Para.4:rule out把……排除在外;认为……不合适;阻止;防止……发生
B篇 1.核心单词:Para.2:employ v.使用,运用;雇用;忙于做 Para.4:passive adj.消极的,被动的 receptive adj.(对新观点、建议等)愿意倾听的;乐于接受的 Para.5:sustain v.维持,使继续,保持;维持……的生命;遭受 Para.6:complicated adj.复杂的,难处理的;结构复杂的 2.核心短语:Para.2:be associated with...与……有关 Para.4:stretch to its limits/ stretch to the limit用到极限 第6题A选项:to one’s heart’s content尽情地 3.词缀变形:Para.1:flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;可弯曲的→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性,柔韧性 occupy v.使用(房屋、建筑),居住;占据;任职,执政→occupation n.工作,职业;居住;占用;消遣,业余活动→ occupational adj.职业的,由职业引起的;军事占领的 Para.4:volunteer n.志愿者,义务工作者;自告奋勇者v.自愿做;义务做,无偿做→voluntary adj.自愿的,自发的,主动的 Para.6:attentive adj.注意的,专心的;体贴的→attentiveness n.注意力;专注 Para.7:significant adj.显著的;数量相当大的→ significance n.重要性;意义;意思,含义→significantly adv.显著地,明显地 4.熟词生义:settle (Para.1)常用义:v.定居;(最终)决定,确定;安排好;结束(争论、争端等);解决(分歧、纠纷等) 文章义:v.(使)平静下来,安静下来,定下心来 例句:I took a pill to help settle my nerves. 我吃了一片药,好镇定一下神经。
A篇 译文:Marin回忆起有一次她正在一栋大楼旁边收集罐子时,住在大楼里的一个人向她泼了水。
B篇 译文:卡迪夫研究小组发现,尽管大多数被调查者都有工作,但在每周进行三次或三次以上针织的人当中,有四分之三的人明显感觉自己更有能力组织自己的想法,忘记自己的困难。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
Josefa Marin went to New York from Mexico in 1987,supporting her daughter back home with the $140 a week she earned at a sweater factory. With that small income,she had to collect recyclables,trading in cans for five cents each.
When the sweater factory closed down in the late 2000s,she became a full-time recycler,picking up cans and bottles to make ends meet.
Marin’s story is not unique. Millions around the world make a living from picking through waste and reselling it. They play a vital role in keeping waste manageable.In New York City,the administrative department collects only about 28 percent of the cans that could be recycled. Rubbish collectors keep millions of additional recyclables out of landfills every year.
Yet collectors are ruled out by government policies.Supreme Court of the United States in 1988 stated that household garbage is public property once it’s on streets.That enables the police to search rubbish for evidence,but that protection hasn’t always been extended to recyclers. And in places like New York City,which is testing city-owned locked containers to hide garbage from rats,the containers are made clearly inaccessible to collectors.
“There’s value in the waste,and we feel that value should belong to the people,not the city or the corporations,” says Ryan Castalia,director of a nonprofit recycling and community center in Brooklyn.
Recognized or not,waste pickers have long been treated with disrespect. Marin recalls an occasion when someone living next to a building where she was collecting cans threw water at her.“Just because I recycle,it doesn’t mean I am less of a person than anyone else,” she says.
Some governments are starting to realize that protecting the environment and humanity go hand in hand.The United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,for example,calls for an end to poverty and all the risks it brings.
1.What is the author’s purpose of telling about Marin
A.To highlight waste collectors’ role.
B.To reflect laid-off workers’ hardship.
C.To praise her devotion to her daughter.
D.To show the seriousness of unemployment.
2.How does the author show the importance of waste pickers’ work
A.By contrasting. B.By citing references.
C.By giving definitions. D.By cause-effect analysis.
3.What would Marin agree with
A.Business is business.
B.No job is noble or humble.
C.The early bird catches the worm.
D.One good turn deserves another.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.How can we end poverty
B.Who owns our garbage
C.Who takes blame for waste
D.How should we recycle rubbish
The cliche (陈词滥调) of a knitter is a white-haired lady. But in the 1940s,young male Royal Air Force pilots used needles as they waited for their next mission. Wartime pilots crashed a lot and “lap crafts”like knitting,helped rebuild flexibility in wounded limbs while also helping to settle wounded minds. They were the cornerstone (基石) of early occupational therapy (治疗).
Today,millions of people around the world employ these same techniques. “They are closely associated with our mental health,” says Janine Smith. Along with Deb McDonald,she co-owns Skein Sisters,a store in Sydney,that sells supplies for knitting and crocheting (用钩针编织).“I know that if I haven’t knitted for a few days,I really miss it. It’s like meditation.”
Physiotherapist Betsan Corkhill and occupational therapist Jill Riley were part of a team from Cardiff University that,10 years ago,surveyed more than 3,500 knitters and found that the more frequently people knitted,the calmer and happier they felt.
In reality,it is a “Flow”,which is a concept first named by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi as he wrote in his book,“The best moments in our lives are not the passive,receptive,relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.”
Shauna Richardson knows just how true this is. The artist spent 18 months in a state of flow when she crocheted three seven-metre-long lions for the 2012 Cultural Olympiad. To complete the task,which required nearly 60 kilometres of wool,she says she had to “zone everything out and sustain a state of mind driven by rhythm and process.”
But smaller projects will also get you there. Even a simple knitting or crochet pattern requires attentiveness to ensure that each stitch is made correctly. And if there’s not enough challenge in the straightforward,you can make additions,from colour changes to textured stitches to highly complicated patterns.
The Cardiff research team found that even though most of the people surveyed were employed,three-quarters of those who knitted three or more times a week felt significantly more able to organise their thoughts and forget their problems.
5.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To give a definition. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To clarify a concept. D.To prove a finding.
6.On which occasion will a person experience “Flow”
A.Playing computer games to one’s heart’s content.
B.Experiencing an aha moment all of a sudden.
C.Working on a technical challenge devotedly.
D.Being frequently distracted from the task.
7.What can you infer from the passage
A.Challenges in knitting are made to add excitement.
B.Shauna Richardson likes nothing better than facing challenges in crocheting.
C.Smaller projects won’t contribute much to experiencing “Flow”.
D.Frequent knitters feel more capable of handling their thoughts and challenges.
8.What is the best title for the text
A.Active Hands,Calm Minds.
B.Unique Therapy,Effective Healing.
C.Special Techniques,Organized Thoughts.
D.Simple Knitting,Physical Wellbeing.
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I have a sad look on my face and my mind isn’t where it should be,my wife says,“You need to go home!” So,I get my plane ticket,pack my suitcase and 1 Sierra Leone,the country I escaped from in 1999 when a war over diamonds destroyed our 2 .The civil war lasted 11 years and ruined many schools,leaving children without an education or a future. It only seems 3 that I try to help the people in my home country,especially the children.
In 2009,10 years after I ran away,I believed it was time to rebuild and 4 the life we had before the war. With most of the schools ruined,it was a 5 task. There was the school in Mbureh village.With the help of several charities,the organization I work for raised enough money. The school was rebuilt and the children 6 me with smiles.
I considered that payment in full. And it 7 me to do more. With each brick cemented (用水泥粘结) into place and each nail hammered,I thought about the kids who were going to have a 8 . Workers and volunteers 9 day and night,rebuilding one school after another.
After I returned to Canada,my wife could see the 10 in me. But something in my life here would always take my 11 back to the problems of my country. Sometimes it was wandering in the grocery store. All that food reminded me of the empty stomachs of the children overseas. Or sometimes it was the 12 I heard around me: The weather wasn’t just right or a flight had been postponed.
“Go home,” my wife always said 13 . So,I’d return once again to build more schools,create more futures and see more 14 children. I’ve met many people who have the same heart as me and want to see the smiles of more children in Sierra Leone.
We all know how much a smile can 15 us:It is payment in full.
1.A.head back to B.run across to
C.move on to D.live up to
2.A.project B.expectation
C.belief D.land
3.A.demanding B.hopeless
C.right D.impossible
4.A.recall B.reconsider
C.reclaim D.rewrite
5.A.responsible B.challenging
C.sorrowful D.miserable
6.A.greeted B.praised
C.encouraged D.paid
7.A.reminded B.pushed
C.requested D.convinced
8.A.future B.choice
C.goal D.family
9.A.communicated B.thought
C.labored D.planned
10.A.value B.transformation
C.disappointment D.satisfaction
11.A.mind B.solution
C.stress D.chance
12.A.worry B.comment
C.argument D.complaint
13.A.quietly B.firmly
C.angrily D.patiently
14.A.helpful B.hardworking
C.happy D.confident
15.A.enrich B.persuade
C.improve D.sustain
Ⅲ.语法填空
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 1. (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he’ll be OK.
2. Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 3._________ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 4. (see) them. When he looked down, he 5._____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 6. screamed for his father, but his father didn’t hear him.
Henry 7. (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 8. (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
“He saved my 9. (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know 10._____ to thank him.”
“I just didn’t want the boy to be hurt,” said Henry.
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