2024—2025学年度第二学期阶段性质量监测
高二年级 英语学科 听力部分
注意事项:
1.本部分听力考试共15小题,满分为20分。考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡的对应位置上,答在试卷上的无效。
2.录音材料播放时,考生可将答案标在试卷上;录音材料播放完毕后,考生将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡的对应位置上。
3.转涂答案时,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
(共两节,满分 20 分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
听下面 5 段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. 5.19. B. 9.15. C. 19.15.
答案为 答案B。
1. What language is the woman best at
A. Chinese. B. German. C. Spanish.
2. Where will the speakers probably be at 2:00
A. At the park. B. At the library. C. At the cinema.
3. Why won't the man accept the job
A. The office is far from his home. B. He can't receive training.
C. It isn't well paid.
4. What are the speakers talking about
A. A beach trip. B. The weather. C、A weekend break.
5. What does the woman think of Joan
A. Hard-working. B. Experienced. C. Talented.
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答
时间。每段材料读两遍。
听下面一段材料,回答第6至第8小题。
6. What will the woman's family celebrate tonight
A. Her parents' wedding anniversary. B. Her mother's graduation.
C. Her father's promotion.
7. What did the woman do last night
A. She baked a cake. B. She cooked a meal. C. She walked the dog.
8. Where does the woman plan to go first
A. Rita's house. B. A flower shop. C. A restaurant.
听下面一段材料,回答第9至第11小题。
9. What is the man asking about at the beginning
A. Delivery time for international shipping.
B. Cost of shipping a package internationally.
C. Safety regulations for international shipping.
10. What makes international shipping difficult recently
A. Customs restrictions. B. New safety regulations.
C. Too many packages to process.
11. What will the man probably do next
A. Search for shipping news on his phone.
B. Wait for an update from the manager.
C. Call a different shipping company.
听下面一段材料,回答第12至第15小题。
12. Where did the speaker volunteer during her gap year
A. At a school. 、B. At a national park. C. At a diving center.
13. How did the speaker mostly contact her family
A. By writing letters. B. By posting blogs. C. By making phone calls.
14. What was the speaker's unexpected challenge
A. The language. B. The climate. C. The food.
15. What is the speaker's opinion on taking a gap year
A. Necessary. B. Difficult. C/ Beneficial.
2024—2025学年度第二学期阶段性质量监测
高二年级 英语学科 笔试部分
本试卷分第I卷(选择题:听力和笔试)、第II卷(非选择题)两部分,共150分,考试用时120分钟(含听力)。第I卷1至13页(含听力),第Ⅱ卷14至16页。考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的答案无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
祝各位考生考试顺利!
第I卷
注意事项:
1.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
3. 本卷共70小题, 共115分。(含听力)
第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例: Stand over there you' ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. and C. but D. while
答案是答案B。
1. — Shall I close the window now before I leave
—— , I' ll check it myself later.
A. No problem B. No hurry C. Don't bother D. Go ahead
2. Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life, a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
A. sought B. seeking C. having sought D. being sought
3. Such a simple experiment can effectively people's doubts about the new technology, so they are willing to embrace the innovation.
A. wipe out B. put on C. carry out D. figure out
4. Whether big or small, all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.
A. where B. which C. what D. why
5. When Jim finally got to the cinema last night after dealing with the unexpected traffic accident on the way, the film already .
A. had; started B. has; started C. was; starting D. would; start
6. I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they can't be solved.
A. As B. When C. While D. Because
7. The city council decided to build a(n) statue in honor of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives during the war.
A. precious B. intricate C. memorial D. ambitious
8. The museum staff worked carefully to the ancient sculpture that had been broken into pieces, fitting the parts together and bringing it back to its former beauty.
A. restore B. resemble C. liberate D. polish
9. healthy habits, such as exercising and eating well, can steadily improve your physical and mental well-being.
A. Having built B. Building C. To build D. Built
10. In language learning, focusing on of the text's meaning is more important than memorizing individual words, as it helps students grasp the full message and communicate effectively.
A. assumption B. confusion C.comprehension D. consumption
11. Some old people can use the computer now, but they ten years ago.
A. mustn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
12. Delete the short message at once! Many a man by such tricks up to now.
A. are taken in B. is taken in
C. have been taken in D. has been taken in
13. When the city faced the threat of a severe storm, emergency services remained day and night, ready to respond to any calls for help immediately.
A. by trial and error B. at the cutting edge
C. out of mercy D. on standby
14. We all believe that people interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy this exhibition.
A. what B. whose C. who D. which
15.—— How's the project going
— . All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.
A. Easy come easy go B. Far from it
C. So far so good D. By all means
第二节:完形填空 (共20 小题;每小题 1.5分,满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16 ~35 各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项,将短文内容补充完整。
Maybe you've read a lot about moving dogs. Here is another inspiring story of a guide dog who was put to the ultimate test and passed successfully.
One day, a woman named Audrey in the United States, who is 16 , and her guide dog, Figo, were going across the street when suddenly she was 17 by a bus, suffering extreme pain. Her elbow, ankle and ribs were hurt terribly, yet her main 18 was Figo because in those frightening and confusing minutes,he 19 to her side and had his leg badly hurt.
When the police arrived, 20 on the spot reported that the couple had started to 21 the street as a minibus was turning the corner. The distracted bus driver hadn't seen the woman and her 22 companion until the last second. Figo 23 instantly, jumping between Audrey and the bus. It was the dog’ s body that 24 Audrey from the impact of the crash’ s brunt(冲击力).Otherwise, Audrey's injuries could have been deadly. The dog's bravery and quick reaction are really 25 .
While 911 was called, others rushed to aid the injured pair. Figo 26 to stay with his owner, refusing to leave her until he knew she was cared for 27 . As they lifted Audrey into the 28 , Figo still hobbled (跛行) at her side. Audrey didn't want Figo to do that 29 his injuries, too, required immediate medical care.However, he wouldn't allow veterinarians(兽医) to 30 him for treatment until he made sure of Audrey's 31 .
Figo spent the next three months 32 in the care of the vets. He was a delight, making many new 33 around the vet's office. Usually, when a guide dog suffers injuries, there is a(n) 34 that he will be forced into retirement. However, Audrey decides to have herself 35 by Figo all the time.
16. A. kind B. generous C. deaf D. blind
17. A. knocked down B. hung over C. passed by D. picked up
18. A. purpose B. challenge C. concern D. request
19. A. tended B. rushed C. climbed D. waved
20. A. officials B. relatives C. witnesses D. doctors
21. A. clear B. watch C. leave D. cross
22. A. faithful B. careful C. powerful D. temporary
23. A. succeeded B. responded C. escaped D. cried
24. A. discouraged B. banned C. protected D. hid
25. A. frightening B. touching C. satisfying D. confusing
26. A. struggled B. seemed C. hoped D. happened
27. A. randomly B.commonly C. possibly D. properly
28. A. ambulance B. wheelchair C. house D. bus
29. A. until B. because C. if D. although
30. A. transport B. praise C. ask D. thank
31. A. luck B. safety C. injury D. attention
32. A. cheating B. adjusting C. playing D. recovering
33. A. experiments B. friends C. arrangements D. choices
34. A. assumption B. agenda C. reason D. possibility
35. A. treated B. accompanied C. pleased D. refused
第二部分:阅读理解 (共20 小题;每小题 2.5分,满分 50 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项。
A
Do you have any travel plans for 2025 Travel magazines like Conde Nast Traveler and , one of the largest online travel agencies, have offered their predictions for travel trends.
Noctourism
The trend of noctourism refers to traveling to fully enjoy the beauty of the night, according to .It sees tourists searching for dark-sky areas to appreciate the solar system and take part in activities such as stargazing(观星). As global temperatures continue to rise and daytime heat, especially in summer,becomes uncomfortable for many, people will often plan their trips around destinations that offer activities in cooler evenings and early mornings. While most activities center around the night sky, others happen on the ground, from city tours at night to full moon picnics by the sea. “Noctourism is set to transform travel in 2025 as night owl(夜猫子) travelers are increasingly seeking unique after-dark experiences,” Jay Stevens, CEO of travel company Wayfairer Travel,told CNBC.
Passports to immortality
While achieving“immortality”(永生) might seem unrealistic, our interest in living longer and staying healthy shows no sign of slowing down. Data from reveals that health-focused trips will take center stage in 2025, with tourists seeking experiences designed to improve their health. These experiences include red light therapy and cryotherapy(冷冻疗法), offering travelers long-term benefits beyond immediate pleasure. As research indicates that staying socially active and spending time outdoors can significantly boost health, many travel destinations have introduced health-focused activities such as group hikes. In the future, travel will become more flexible as we begin to view our health as the ultimate journey, predicted.
Detour destinations
Getting a little lost on purpose, driving down an unknown road and finding a lovely shop along the way —— detours(绕道) have always been part of the travel experience. Simply going from Point A to Point B can feel a bit boring. Detour travel focuses on discovering smaller, less popular places close to the main sights and spending time there. For example, the city of Reims(兰斯) is a popular detour from Paris, as is Santa Barbara(圣巴巴拉) from Los Angeles. “In Europe, rail travel is the easiest way to do this —— once you start looking at train timetables,it's too tempting not to add an extra stop,” Tom Barber, co-founder of the travel company Original Travel, told Conde Nast Traveler.
36. Why may Noctourism become more popular in 2025
A. Because tourists are becoming more accustomed to the dark at night.
B. Because travel agencies offer more promotions for activities at night.
C. Because astronomy such as stargazing is drawing global attention.
D. Because it offers agreeable temperatures and special experiences.
37. What is the primary focus of the section“Detour destinations”
A. The recommendation of visiting less-popular sights.
B. The risks of getting lost while in suburban areas.
C. The popularity of traveling in large crowded cities.
D. The necessity of booking train tickets early.
38. What will people gain from health-focused trips
A. Mastery over several therapies.
B. Cooperation from outdoor activities.
C. Benefits of health in the long run.
D. Flexibility in social relationships.
39. How does the author make the predictions of travel trends convincing
A. By sharing travel experiences of famous people.
B. By analyzing cause-effect and data from websites.
C. By comparing travel trends in history with future ones.
D. By including names of well-known tourist attractions.
B
Chinese architect Liu Jiakun, 68, was awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize on March 4, becoming the second winner from China to receive the highest honor in the field of architecture.
Based in Chengdu, Liu's career covers four decades and more than 30projects. He founded Jiakun Architects in 1999 and has built a diverse body of work, ranging from small, beautifully designed museums and monuments to large commercial buildings and master plans for cities.
Rather than following a distinct style, Liu's projects include local elements and rely on“low-tech” simplicity to achieve beauty, The Spaces reported. “He has developed a strategy that never relies on a fixed method but rather on evaluating the specific characteristics and requirements of each project differently,” the jury(评审团) said in its citation announcing the award.
One of Liu's most well-known projects was the so-called“rebirth bricks” he created after the terrible Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. To aid in reconstruction,Liu made bricks using local wheat fiber, cement(水泥) and rubble(瓦砾) from collapsed buildings. More than just recycling, these bricks were“a poetic metaphor” for the rebirth of the material and“the spiritual rebirth of the community at a time of national mourning”, reported The Guardian. These bricks were later used in several of his projects, including the Shuijingfang Museum in Chengdu and the Novartis pharmaceutical(制药) company in Shanghai.
Liu's design also focuses on ordinary people. This is reflected in his largest project, West Village, a five-story urban complex completed in 2015 in Chengdu.The complex includes a soccer field, a market, and pathways(通道) for cyclists and pedestrians(行人). With grass growing through holes in the bricks, the project celebrates“the vitality of ‘everydayness’,” wrote critic Austin Williams in 2017.It has become a popular destination for city residents to spend their leisure time.
“The purpose of architecture is to create a beautiful, just and dignified(有尊严的) living environment. People's real lives, happiness and dignity are what we pursue,” Liu told China Daily.
40. Why did Liu Jiakun win the Pritzker Architecture Prize according to the jury
A. He consistently applied high-tech methods to create elegant designs.
B. He developed a unique strategy that adapts to each project's specific needs.
C. He focused primarily on large commercial buildings to boost the urban economy.
D. He was the first Chinese architect to receive international recognition.
41. How does Liu Jiakun incorporate local elements into his architecture to achieve beauty
A. By using advanced technology to modernize traditional materials.
B. By emphasizing simplicity and low-tech solutions with cultural features.
C. By designing only monuments and museums to preserve heritage.
D. By combining Western styles with Chinese motifs for global appeal.
42. Which of the following statements about the“rebirth bricks” is NOT true
A. They were created by using rubble from buildings destroyed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
B. They symbolized both material recycling and spiritual renewal for the community.
C. They were only used in Chengdu-based projects like the ShuijingfangMuseum.
D. They represented a response to the disaster and a metaphor for rebirth.
43. What does Liu's West Village project highlight
A. The beauty of natural landscapes.
B. The energy of residents' daily lives.
C. The influence of Western architecture.
D. The importance of eco-friendly materials.
44. What is Liu's ultimate goal in architecture
A. To contribute to a city's economic growth.
B. To design buildings with global appeal.
C. To improve people's quality of life.
D. To create artistic and symbolic landmarks.
C
If your job involves sitting in front of a screen all day, there's a good chance your eyes are paying the price. After hours of emails, video calls, and spreadsheets, you may be left with symptoms like a headache, dry or uncomfortable eyes, and blurry vision. “It's an occupational hazard in a digital society,” says Dr. Douglas Wisner at Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia.
Amy Watts from Massachusetts Eye and Ear hospital explains there are two main reasons for this. First, you blink much less than normal when you' re focusing on a screen, which dries out the eyes. “Your eyelids are like your windshield wipers on your car. They' re making sure that the surface is smooth and clear,” she says. “When you' re not blinking as much, it's as if raindrops are accumulating on your windshield, making it harder to see.” Second, ' our eye muscles get tired from focusing on a fixed point for hours. These tired muscles can cause temporarily blurred vision and other symptoms.
To combat this, taking visual breaks is crucial. The 20/20/20 rule — looking20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes — is often suggested. However,recent research indicates that longer breaks, like five minutes every hour, might be more effective. Watts also advises that short breaks are a good time to stretch and move, benefiting overall health. Eye drops can also help counter the dryness that comes from reduced blinking. You can use eye drops to treat symptoms you' re already experiencing, but they work best when used preventively.
As for blue-light blocking glasses, Steven Reed from the American Optometric Association(美国验光协会) says they don't hurt, but there's little data supporting their effectiveness against eye strain. However, limiting screen time before bed is advisable, as night-time device use can disrupt sleep, contributing to fatigue and strain. Reed also notes that persistent eye strain can signal underlying vision issues, so consult an eye professional if symptoms persist despite breaks and eye drops. In addition to taking breaks, adjusting your workspace can also help reduce eye strain. Ensure your screen is at a proper distance, about an arm's length away, and positioned so that the top of the screen is at or slightly below eye level. Reducing screen glare by using curtains or adjustable lights can also minimize eye discomfort.
45. Which of the following does not belong to symptoms of eye issues according to Paragraph 1
A. Headache. B. Eye discomfort.
C. Blurred vision. D. More blinking.
46. How does Doctor Amy Watts explain the reasons in Paragraph 2
A. By providing a technical definition.
B. By presenting a counter-argument.
C. By using similes to explain concepts.
D. By listing data as supporting evidence.
47. What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3
A. Ease. B. Calculate. C. Relax. D. Extend.
48. Which of the following is NOT a suggestion given by Steven Reed
A. Reduce night-device use before going to bed.
B. Consult eye doctors for continual symptoms.
C Use curtains or adjust lights to avoid screen glare.
D. Wear blue-light blocking glasses all day and night.
49. What is the purpose of quoting the experts such as Dr. Douglas Wisner, Amy Watts and Steven Reed
A. To make the passage longer and more complex.
B. To add various individual opinions to the topic.
C. To lend credibility and authority to the information.
D. To advertise specific hospitals and associations.
50. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The development of eye care systems in the USA.
B. Causes of eye issues and possible solutions.
C. The benefits of blue-light blocking glasses.
D. Impacts of smart devices on eye issues.
D
Suppose you' re looking ahead to your evenings as a chance to catch up on the latest TV series or televised sport. Nothing looks more attractive to you than your couch. In the back of your mind, though, runs the possibility of using that time to figure out how to complete the home craft project. That project so far has become so complicated that it will take you at least an hour of watching instructional videos to complete it. You know that you'd feel proud of yourself if you got it done. However, the couch's appeal becomes too hard to resist, and so the project will have to be abandoned.
According to California State University's Max Alberhasky, your situation is a typical example of what's called the“happiness paradox”. Simply stated, this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from applying their skills.
Put somewhat differently, when you' re looking at how to spend your leisure time right in the moment, you' re less likely to consider the long-term consequences of your decision. It's an irrational(不理性的) choice because what will really make you happier is being busy with an activity that allows you to expand and strengthen your skills.
In one experiment conducted in the lab, undergraduates participated in either the high-skill activity of playing the online game“2048”(where you build chains of sums) or the low-skill activity of playing“Plinko”(a game based merely on luck). Participants playing the“2048” game reported being happier and finding more meaning in the activity than the“Plinko” players did.
You now know why the couch looks so inviting compared to the halfway-done home project that just seems like it will be too hard and. hence, not very attractive. You can only pull yourself away from what will eventually be a less beneficial choice if you project yourself into the future and think about how good you' ll feel when it's done and you can stand back and admire your work.
51. Why do we tend to give up the home craft project
A. We usually ignore easy activities.
B. We prefer rewarding tasks.
C. We seek instant pleasures.
D. We focus on long-term interests.
52. What leads to the“happiness paradox”
A. Escaping from demanding tasks.
B. Not finding a worthwhile job.
C. Escaping from boring tasks.
D. Not realizing a job's value.
53. What can we infer from the experiment in Paragraph 4
A. Lower level of difficulty brings more benefits.
B. Higher level of difficulty means more fun.
C. Low-skill activities are more interesting.
D. High-skill activities are less instructive.
54. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph
A. Keep improving ourselves.
B. Find pleasure in the process.
C. Have a passion for our job.
D. Imagine potential rewards.
55. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To explain a psychological barrier to fulfillment.
B. To compare different types of leisure activities.
C. To criticize people's addiction to present enjoyment.
D. To promote the benefits of high-skill video games.
第Ⅱ卷
注意事项:1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。
2. 本卷共6题, 共35 分。
第三部分:写作
第一节:阅读下面短文,按照要求用英语回答问题。
(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
I may not be a“bad” runner, but I am slow. The farthest I have ever run is 6km, and it happened because I was going to a pub at the other end.
When you first start running, people get you excited about experiencing the“runner’ s high”, that magical, physiological(生理的) sense of extreme excitement you get from really pushing your body I've never run fast enough, or far enough,to get close to that extraordinary phenomenon, but what I have experienced,however, is the“runner’ s smugness(自鸣得意)”.
I've been running now for four years. I had tried to become a runner before,downloading the Couch to 5K app. I thought maybe this was something that could help my anxiety, too. But it didn't stick. It felt impossible to jog for a whole minute. Plus, there were just too many other, less horrible-feeling things I could be doing.
That changed in 2020. Suddenly,I had too much time and increasing anxiety that I needed to get on top of it. So I reopened the app and started running again.
Over time, I got better. I could run for a minute, no problem. Then three, then five, and then eight. Finally, I did it: I reached the 5 km mark. It was slow. I certainly stopped several times. I got home and collapsed straight into an armchair.And so there lies the smugness: I did something. I managed to put on my sneakers and running outfit, leave the house for 30 minutes and go for a run.
Over the years, I've noticed that running reduces my anxiety. On a particularly anxious day, running can help me get out of my head or, at the very least, give me something else to do for half an hour.
For me, running isn't about the“runner’ s high”. It's about the small,everyday achievement of doing something I know will make me feel better in the long run. Feeling smug about these little wins is enough.
56. What is“runner’ s high” according to the passage (no more than 10 words)
57. Why did the author first start running (no more than 15 words)
58. What does the underlined phrase“get on top of” in Paragraph 4 mean (no more than 3 words)
59. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5 (no more than 15 words)
60. Do you think“little wins” matters Why or why not (no more than 20 words)
第二节:书面表达(满分25分)
61.2025年上海合作组织峰会即将在天津举行。假设你是李津,作为天津的一名高中生, 请你以“Youth Vision for a Shared Future”(背年视角, 共创未来) 为题,写一封倡议书,表达你对国际合作与青年责任的理解。内容包括:
(1)结合所给图表分析上合峰会在天津举办的原因;
答案(2)分析上合会议对天津发展的积极影响(如吸引更多游客、促进经济发展等);
(3)号召青少年积极为上合峰会贡献自己的力量(如志愿服务、文化交流等)。
注意:
(1) 词数100 以上;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
(3)开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
上海合作组织峰会 Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit(简称 SCO Summit)
成员国 member countries
进出口 import and export
Youth Vision for a Shared Future
My fellow students,
Li Jin
2024——2025 学年度第二学期南开区阶段性质量监测
高二年级 英语参考答案
笔试部分 第 Ⅰ 卷 第一、二部分
单项填空1-15题 每题1分 完形填空 16-35 每题1.5分 阅读理解 36-55 每题2.5分
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C11. B 12. D 13. D 14. B 43. B 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A31. B 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. B41. B 42. C 15. C 44. C 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B51. C 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A
第Ⅱ卷 第三部分 第一节 阅读表达 56-60 每题2分
56. An extremely excited physiological sense from running hard. / A magical, physiological sense of extreme excitement while running.
57. To help reduce the author's anxiety.
58. Take control of./ Deal with./ Cope with./ Control./ Manage.
59. The author made progress in running and had a sense of achievement./
The author progressed in running and felt smug/ accomplished./
The author progressed to run 5km and felt a sense of achievement.
60. (OPEN) / Yes, they matter because they can build confidence and bring a sense of achievement./ Yes, because every small victory is one more step closer to the ultimate goal.
第二节 61. 25分 Open.
听力部分1-5每题1分6-15每题1.5分
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C