2017高考英语人教版一轮基础选练及解析：选修8 Unit1 A land of diversity
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| 名称 | 2017高考英语人教版一轮基础选练及解析：选修8 Unit1 A land of diversity |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2016-07-23 09:09:38 | ||
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2017高考英语人教版一轮基础选练及解析：选修8Unit1
Ⅰ.完形填空
体裁：民间传说 话题：属相 词数：249 时间：15′
A cultural explanation of the animal signs in Chinese folklore(民间传说) is that the animal signs serve a useful social fun_ction for finding out people's ages.Instead of asking__1__ how old a person is，people often ask__2__ his or her animal sign is.This would place that person's age within a(n)__3__ of 12 years，and with a bit of common sense，we can__4__ the exact age.More often，though，people ask for animal signs not to__5__ a person's exact numerical age，__6__to simply know who is older among friends and acquaintances(相识的人)．
According to Chinese legend，the twelve animals__7__ one day as to who was to__8__ the cycle of years.The gods were asked to decide and they held a__9__：whoever was to reach the__10__ bank of the river would be first，and the__11__ of the animals would receive their years__12__ their finish.
All the twelve animals__13__ at the river bank and jumped in.__14__ to the ox，the rat had jumped upon his__15__．As the ox was about to jump ashore，the rat jumped off the ox's back，and__16__ the race.The pig，who was very lazy，__17__ up last.That is why the rat is the__18__year of the animal cycle，the ox second，and the pig last.
The turning cycle of twelve animal signs was a__19__ method for naming the years in traditional China.The animal signs for one another are in an established__20__，and are repeated every twelve years.
1．A.probably B．possibly C．directly D．perfectly
答案 C [根据后面的people often ask...可知人们并不直接询问别人多大了。]
2．A.what B．how C．when D．whether
答案 A [what引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作is的表语。]
3．A.effect B．zone
C．arrangement D．cycle
答案 D [生肖12年一个循环。]
4．A.grasp B．infer C．mark D．achieve
答案 B [根据一个人的属相可以“推测”一个人的年龄。]
5．A.calculate B．make C．apply D．set
答案 A [从后面的simply know who is older among friends and acquaintances可知，人们问属相不是想计算一个人的实际年龄。]
6．A.or B．and C．but D．though
答案 C [not...but...“不是……而是……”。]
7．A.fought B．quarreled C．disliked D．hesitated
答案 B [根据下面的who was to...可以推测它们因为想知道谁是领头的而“争吵”。]
8．A.head B．create C．benefit D．transport
答案 A [head用作动词，表示“领头”。]
9．A.recreation B．contest
C．revolution D．separation
答案 B [它们进行了一场竞赛。]
10．A.opposite B．permanent
C．horrible D．freezing
答案 A [根据后面句子的意思可知，谁先到达“对岸”，12属相就以谁开头。]
11．A.other B．others C．rest D．another
答案 C [the other“其他的”。the other指“两者中的另一个”。]
12．A.due to B．instead of
C．in order to D．according to
答案 D [according to“根据”，根据它们到达的先后排序。]
13．A.put B．gathered C．ran D．acted
答案 B [12种动物“聚集”在河岸上。]
14．A.Unknown B．Independent
C．Ridiculous D．Frightened
答案 A [老鼠趴在牛背上，牛是“不知道的”，才有后面的故事。]
15．A.neck B．head C．back D．tail
答案 C [后面一句有提示。]
16．A.lost B．won C．finished D．abolished
答案 B [老鼠“赢得”了比赛的胜利。]
17．A.ended B．closed C．ate D．used
答案 A [end up“完成”，猪懒所以最后到达彼岸。]
18．A.second B．first C．last D．final
答案 B [老鼠第一个到达彼岸，因此就是每12年的第一个生肖。]
19．A.social B．modern C．mental D．folk
答案 D [根据后面的句子可知，12生肖是中国传统的民间计年方式。]
20．A.order B．condition
C．chain D．construction
答案 A [生肖是按照设定好的顺序排列的。]
Ⅱ.阅读理解
体裁：说明文 话题：文化传统 词数：325 时间：6′
In America，it is the custom to express appreciation to people who help you in any way.Because it is commonly practiced，most people expect to be thanked when they do something for someone.
A foreign student should not be overly concerned about how to say “thank－you，” most important is to remember to always express appreciation in one way or another.Here are some best ways to express your appreciation：
?Always verbally(口头地) communicate appreciation.When the favor shown did not require a great deal of time or effort，a verbal “thank－you” is enough.
?Write a short letter or “thank－you” note.Small note cards with “Thank You” printed on the front are sold in most campus bookstores，as well as “Thank You” greeting cards.
?Give a small，twobit gift.The gift can be purchased or something you make.
?Treat the friend to a meal，a movie，or just a snack.
If the favor shown is small，a verbal “thank－you” is adequate.For example，if you ask someone for directions，for help with a homework problem，for information，etc.，saying “thank you” verbally is enough.The closer the relationship，the less formal the expression of gratitude needs to be.
When an American family or friend invites you into their home for a meal，mailing a thank－you note to them a day or so later would be appropriate.It is not necessary to carry a gift to the home when you go to eat.But a small bouquet of flowers or a small box of candy would also be appropriate.If you stay overnight in a home，a thank－you note should be left on the bed or bedside table as you leave or mailed to the hostess soon after.If you spend Christmas with an American family，prepare to give a gift to the family.You don't need to buy an expensive gift at any time.
【语篇解读】 “谢谢你”是美国人的常用口语。本文告诉你说“谢谢你”的场合和如何恰当地向别人表达谢意。
21．The most important thing for a foreign student to do is to ________．
A．show thankfulness to others when he/she gets help
B．always care about how to say “Thank you” to others
C．help others and try to get as much appreciation as possible
D．remember a “Thank you” is enough for all kinds of help
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的most important is to remember to always express appreciation in one way or another可知，作为一个在美国的外国学生最重要的是在得到帮助时，不要忘记向别人表示感激之情。]
22．We may know from the passage that ________．
A．there is no need for “Thank you” between friends and close relationship
B．the further the relationship，the more formal the expression of gratitude needs to be
C．taking a “thank－you” note with you when you go to an American family for a meal
D．always taking gifts for all family members when you visit an American family
答案 B [细节理解题。根据The closer the relationship，the less formal the expression of gratitude needs to be.可知B项正确。]
23．The underlined word “twobit” in the passage probably has the same meaning as ________．
A．cheap B．expensive C．rare D．precious
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据短文最后一句，结合画线单词前面的small可以判断画线单词的意思应该是“便宜的；不贵的”。]
24．The passage is mainly written for ________．
A．people who are often helped by others
B．those who are impolite to others
C．foreign students studying in America
D．people who want to visit America
答案 C [推理判断题。作者先说明在美国说“Thank you”是一种风俗，接着又提到A foreign student，下文说明的是在美国如何表达感激。故文章主要是写给在美国学习的外国学生的。]
Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
How much water should you drink each day? A simple question with no easy answers.Studies have produced advice over the years，__25__ in truth，your water needs depend __26__ many factors，__27__ (include) your health，how active you are and where you live.
Water is your body's main chemical component，making up about 60 percent of your body __28__ (weigh)．Every system in your body depends on water.For example，water carries nutrients to your cells and __29__ (provide) a moist environment for ear，nose and throat tissues.
Lack of water can lead to dehydration(脱水)，a condition that occurs __30__ you don't have enough water in your body to carry out normal functions.Even mild dehydration can __31__ (usual) lose your energy and make you tired.
An approach to water intake __32__ (be) the “8×8 rule”—drink eight 8－ounce __33__ (glass) of water a day.Though the approach isn't supported by scientific evidence，many people use this __34__ (base) rule as a guideline for how much water and other fluids to drink.
答案
25．but [前后两个句子为转折关系，故用but连接。]
26．on [depend on是固定短语，意为“取决于；依赖”。]
27．including [用现在分词短语作伴随状语。]
28．weight [空格处缺少的是一个名词，body weight意为“体重”。 ]
29．provides [主语是water，为物质名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。]
30．when [when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。]
31．usually [用副词修饰动词lose。]
32．is [主语是An approach，为单数，故谓语动词也用单数形式。]
33．glasses [空格前面有数词eight修饰，故用名词的复数。]
34．basic [空格处应该填base的形容词形式，修饰名词rule。]
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是李华，最近你在网上认识了一个英国高中生Jack，你打算写一封E－mail请他介绍一下英国学生的日常生活。你主要想了解以下几个方面的内容：
1．英国学生在学校的情况；
2．日常娱乐活动；
3．与父母的关系。
要求：1.根据内容要点组织语言，注意行文连贯；
2．词数100左右。
【参考范文】
Dear Jack，
How time flies! It is two months since we got to know each other on the Internet.I'm so glad to be your friend.I'm writing to you this time wanting to know something about your daily life in England.
Firstly，would you please tell me how many subjects you study in school and how long you stay at school every day? Is it convenient for you to send me your school timetable? Secondly，I'm also interested in your everyday entertainment activities after school.And thirdly，I want to know the relationship between British students and their parents.
I'm looking forward to your email.Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.完形填空
体裁：民间传说 话题：属相 词数：249 时间：15′
A cultural explanation of the animal signs in Chinese folklore(民间传说) is that the animal signs serve a useful social fun_ction for finding out people's ages.Instead of asking__1__ how old a person is，people often ask__2__ his or her animal sign is.This would place that person's age within a(n)__3__ of 12 years，and with a bit of common sense，we can__4__ the exact age.More often，though，people ask for animal signs not to__5__ a person's exact numerical age，__6__to simply know who is older among friends and acquaintances(相识的人)．
According to Chinese legend，the twelve animals__7__ one day as to who was to__8__ the cycle of years.The gods were asked to decide and they held a__9__：whoever was to reach the__10__ bank of the river would be first，and the__11__ of the animals would receive their years__12__ their finish.
All the twelve animals__13__ at the river bank and jumped in.__14__ to the ox，the rat had jumped upon his__15__．As the ox was about to jump ashore，the rat jumped off the ox's back，and__16__ the race.The pig，who was very lazy，__17__ up last.That is why the rat is the__18__year of the animal cycle，the ox second，and the pig last.
The turning cycle of twelve animal signs was a__19__ method for naming the years in traditional China.The animal signs for one another are in an established__20__，and are repeated every twelve years.
1．A.probably B．possibly C．directly D．perfectly
答案 C [根据后面的people often ask...可知人们并不直接询问别人多大了。]
2．A.what B．how C．when D．whether
答案 A [what引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作is的表语。]
3．A.effect B．zone
C．arrangement D．cycle
答案 D [生肖12年一个循环。]
4．A.grasp B．infer C．mark D．achieve
答案 B [根据一个人的属相可以“推测”一个人的年龄。]
5．A.calculate B．make C．apply D．set
答案 A [从后面的simply know who is older among friends and acquaintances可知，人们问属相不是想计算一个人的实际年龄。]
6．A.or B．and C．but D．though
答案 C [not...but...“不是……而是……”。]
7．A.fought B．quarreled C．disliked D．hesitated
答案 B [根据下面的who was to...可以推测它们因为想知道谁是领头的而“争吵”。]
8．A.head B．create C．benefit D．transport
答案 A [head用作动词，表示“领头”。]
9．A.recreation B．contest
C．revolution D．separation
答案 B [它们进行了一场竞赛。]
10．A.opposite B．permanent
C．horrible D．freezing
答案 A [根据后面句子的意思可知，谁先到达“对岸”，12属相就以谁开头。]
11．A.other B．others C．rest D．another
答案 C [the other“其他的”。the other指“两者中的另一个”。]
12．A.due to B．instead of
C．in order to D．according to
答案 D [according to“根据”，根据它们到达的先后排序。]
13．A.put B．gathered C．ran D．acted
答案 B [12种动物“聚集”在河岸上。]
14．A.Unknown B．Independent
C．Ridiculous D．Frightened
答案 A [老鼠趴在牛背上，牛是“不知道的”，才有后面的故事。]
15．A.neck B．head C．back D．tail
答案 C [后面一句有提示。]
16．A.lost B．won C．finished D．abolished
答案 B [老鼠“赢得”了比赛的胜利。]
17．A.ended B．closed C．ate D．used
答案 A [end up“完成”，猪懒所以最后到达彼岸。]
18．A.second B．first C．last D．final
答案 B [老鼠第一个到达彼岸，因此就是每12年的第一个生肖。]
19．A.social B．modern C．mental D．folk
答案 D [根据后面的句子可知，12生肖是中国传统的民间计年方式。]
20．A.order B．condition
C．chain D．construction
答案 A [生肖是按照设定好的顺序排列的。]
Ⅱ.阅读理解
体裁：说明文 话题：文化传统 词数：325 时间：6′
In America，it is the custom to express appreciation to people who help you in any way.Because it is commonly practiced，most people expect to be thanked when they do something for someone.
A foreign student should not be overly concerned about how to say “thank－you，” most important is to remember to always express appreciation in one way or another.Here are some best ways to express your appreciation：
?Always verbally(口头地) communicate appreciation.When the favor shown did not require a great deal of time or effort，a verbal “thank－you” is enough.
?Write a short letter or “thank－you” note.Small note cards with “Thank You” printed on the front are sold in most campus bookstores，as well as “Thank You” greeting cards.
?Give a small，twobit gift.The gift can be purchased or something you make.
?Treat the friend to a meal，a movie，or just a snack.
If the favor shown is small，a verbal “thank－you” is adequate.For example，if you ask someone for directions，for help with a homework problem，for information，etc.，saying “thank you” verbally is enough.The closer the relationship，the less formal the expression of gratitude needs to be.
When an American family or friend invites you into their home for a meal，mailing a thank－you note to them a day or so later would be appropriate.It is not necessary to carry a gift to the home when you go to eat.But a small bouquet of flowers or a small box of candy would also be appropriate.If you stay overnight in a home，a thank－you note should be left on the bed or bedside table as you leave or mailed to the hostess soon after.If you spend Christmas with an American family，prepare to give a gift to the family.You don't need to buy an expensive gift at any time.
【语篇解读】 “谢谢你”是美国人的常用口语。本文告诉你说“谢谢你”的场合和如何恰当地向别人表达谢意。
21．The most important thing for a foreign student to do is to ________．
A．show thankfulness to others when he/she gets help
B．always care about how to say “Thank you” to others
C．help others and try to get as much appreciation as possible
D．remember a “Thank you” is enough for all kinds of help
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的most important is to remember to always express appreciation in one way or another可知，作为一个在美国的外国学生最重要的是在得到帮助时，不要忘记向别人表示感激之情。]
22．We may know from the passage that ________．
A．there is no need for “Thank you” between friends and close relationship
B．the further the relationship，the more formal the expression of gratitude needs to be
C．taking a “thank－you” note with you when you go to an American family for a meal
D．always taking gifts for all family members when you visit an American family
答案 B [细节理解题。根据The closer the relationship，the less formal the expression of gratitude needs to be.可知B项正确。]
23．The underlined word “twobit” in the passage probably has the same meaning as ________．
A．cheap B．expensive C．rare D．precious
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据短文最后一句，结合画线单词前面的small可以判断画线单词的意思应该是“便宜的；不贵的”。]
24．The passage is mainly written for ________．
A．people who are often helped by others
B．those who are impolite to others
C．foreign students studying in America
D．people who want to visit America
答案 C [推理判断题。作者先说明在美国说“Thank you”是一种风俗，接着又提到A foreign student，下文说明的是在美国如何表达感激。故文章主要是写给在美国学习的外国学生的。]
Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
How much water should you drink each day? A simple question with no easy answers.Studies have produced advice over the years，__25__ in truth，your water needs depend __26__ many factors，__27__ (include) your health，how active you are and where you live.
Water is your body's main chemical component，making up about 60 percent of your body __28__ (weigh)．Every system in your body depends on water.For example，water carries nutrients to your cells and __29__ (provide) a moist environment for ear，nose and throat tissues.
Lack of water can lead to dehydration(脱水)，a condition that occurs __30__ you don't have enough water in your body to carry out normal functions.Even mild dehydration can __31__ (usual) lose your energy and make you tired.
An approach to water intake __32__ (be) the “8×8 rule”—drink eight 8－ounce __33__ (glass) of water a day.Though the approach isn't supported by scientific evidence，many people use this __34__ (base) rule as a guideline for how much water and other fluids to drink.
答案
25．but [前后两个句子为转折关系，故用but连接。]
26．on [depend on是固定短语，意为“取决于；依赖”。]
27．including [用现在分词短语作伴随状语。]
28．weight [空格处缺少的是一个名词，body weight意为“体重”。 ]
29．provides [主语是water，为物质名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。]
30．when [when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。]
31．usually [用副词修饰动词lose。]
32．is [主语是An approach，为单数，故谓语动词也用单数形式。]
33．glasses [空格前面有数词eight修饰，故用名词的复数。]
34．basic [空格处应该填base的形容词形式，修饰名词rule。]
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是李华，最近你在网上认识了一个英国高中生Jack，你打算写一封E－mail请他介绍一下英国学生的日常生活。你主要想了解以下几个方面的内容：
1．英国学生在学校的情况；
2．日常娱乐活动；
3．与父母的关系。
要求：1.根据内容要点组织语言，注意行文连贯；
2．词数100左右。
【参考范文】
Dear Jack，
How time flies! It is two months since we got to know each other on the Internet.I'm so glad to be your friend.I'm writing to you this time wanting to know something about your daily life in England.
Firstly，would you please tell me how many subjects you study in school and how long you stay at school every day? Is it convenient for you to send me your school timetable? Secondly，I'm also interested in your everyday entertainment activities after school.And thirdly，I want to know the relationship between British students and their parents.
I'm looking forward to your email.Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua