2017高考英语人教版一轮基础选练及解析：选修7 Unit3 Under the sea
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| 名称 | 2017高考英语人教版一轮基础选练及解析：选修7 Unit3 Under the sea |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2016-07-23 10:08:30 | ||
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2017高考英语人教版一轮基础选练及解析：选修7Unit3
选修7
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文 话题：海洋 词数：318 时间：7′
The sea is home to billions of plants and animals.Many live only near the sunlit surface.Oceanographers classify marine living beings by separating them into two main groups：plants and animals.
There are two general types of plants found in the ocean，those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water.The rooted plants in the ocean are only found in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis(光合作用) in deeper waters.Since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean，most of the ocean is not capable of supporting rooted plants.
The most plenty plants in the ocean are known as phytoplankton(浮游生物)．These are usually single－celled，minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean.To grow，phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight.
Marine animals are divided into three groups：zooplankton，nekton，and benthos.Zooplankton are drifting animals and are usually small，however，they can grow to fairly large size.For example，the jellyfish and the Portuguese man－of－war are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(推进) themselves effectively.
Nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest portion of familiar animals found in the ocean belong to this class.Common fishes，the octopus，whales，eels and squid are all examples of nekton.
The third type of sea animals spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom.This group of marine animals is called the benthos.Some of these creatures，such as lobsters and snails，may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment.
【语篇解读】 海洋是成千上万种动物和植物的家乡。海洋植物主要有两种：有根植物和浮游植物；海洋动物大体可分为三类：浮游动物、游泳动物和海底动物。
1．The text mainly tells us something about ________．
A．marine plants and marine animals
B．two types of sea plants
C．three kinds of sea animals
D．small and big animals in the ocean
答案 A [主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了海洋生物的分类(海洋植物和海洋动物)以及他们的特点。]
2．Why can't we find the rooted plants in deep water of the ocean?
A．Because there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean.
B．Because the rooted plants can't stand the coldness of the ocean.
C．Because there is not enough sunlight for them in deep water.
D．Because the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，有根植物不能生存在很深的海底是因为那儿没有充足的阳光来进行光合作用。]
3．One of the characteristics of zooplankton is that ________．
A．they are small and never grow to large size
B．some of the zooplankton can't swim effectively
C．they can swim freely in deep water of the ocean
D．they need more sunlight than other animals in the ocean
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，有些zooplankton不能自己有效地推进自己，也就是说它们不能有效地游泳。]
4．According to the last paragraph，we can conclude that ________．
A．benthos live on the surface of the ocean water
B．some of the benthos can't live without the ocean floor
C．benthos spend most of their time swimming in the ocean
D．benthos can move about in the middle of the sea water
答案 B [细节理解题。根据短文最后一句可知benthos离开海底不能生存。]
B
体裁：记叙文 话题：人物与事件 词数：294 时间：6′
A man once telephoned Vincent Peale，a famous psychologist(心理学家)．He was very sad and in low spirits and told the Vincent Peale that he had nothing left to live for.Peale invited the man over to his office.“Everything is gone，and I feel hopeless，” the man told him.“I'm living in deepest darkness.In fact，I've lost heart for my life.”
Vincent Peale smiled sympathetically (同情地)．“Let's take a look at your situation，” he said calmly.On a piece of paper he drew a straight line down the middle.He suggested that they list on the left side the things the man had lost，and on the right，the things he had left.“You don't need that column (栏) on the right side，” said the man sadly.“I have nothing left.”
Peale asked，“When did your wife leave you？” “What do you mean？” the man asked，“She hasn't left me.My wife loves me！” “That's great！” said Peale.“Then that will be number one in the right column—Wife hasn't left.Now，when were your children put into prison？” “That's a silly question.My children aren't in prison！” “Good! That's number two in the right column—Children are not in prison，” said Peale，writing it down.
After a few more questions in the same column，the man finally got the point and smiled in spite of himself (不由自主地)．“Things will change when you think of them in another way，” he said.
Change your thoughts and you will change your world.If you paint in your mind a picture of bright and happy expectations，you will put yourself into a condition helpful to your goal.
【语篇解读】 改变思维就会改变你的世界。心中充满美好的期待，你就会实现自己的目标。
5．Why did the man feel he was in deepest darkness?
A．Because his wife had quarreled with him and left.
B．Because his children were put into in prison.
C．Because he had lost everything in his life.
D．Because he only thought of the dark side of his life.
答案 D [细节判断题。根据第三段内容首先排除A、B; 根据文章内容可以知道，并非是这个人丢失了所有的东西才使他感到生活没有光彩，故可排除C。]
6．What would happen to the man at last?
A．He went home happily and hopefully.
B．He didn't believe what Peale had said.
C．He filled the left column with bad things.
D．He wrote down what Peale had said.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段以及全文可以推知，这个人在Norman Vincent Peale的教育下，不再感到悲伤，最后应该是高兴地、充满希望地回家了。]
7．Vincent Peale drew a straight line on a piece of paper to ________．
A．show the man how to change his idea
B．make a list of things the man needed to do
C．help the man know the situation he was in
D．tell the man he was now in trouble
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Norman Vincent Peale在纸的中间划了一条直线，目的是为了帮助这个人分析他当前的情况。]
8．The author suggests in the passage that we should ________．
A．ask for help when we are in trouble
B．understand people who are in darkness
C．think of the things in a positive way
D．try to solve the problems by ourselves
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段特别是Change your thoughts and you change your world.可知，作者建议我们要以积极的态度来思考问题。]
Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to work productively at home
The opportunity to work from home(can be a dream) comes true：no time spent commuting，no sitting in traffic，and the flexibility to work wherever and maybe even whenever you want.__9__ The following tips are proven to help people who work from home maintain their happiness and their productivity.
?Get up and get dressed.It might seem like fun to work in your pajamas(睡衣)，but the reality is that people are more productive and have higher self－esteem when they wear professional clothing.__10__ In addition，you will likely feel better and ready to face your day if you rise，shower，and dress in the morning.
?__11__ Students are often advised not to study in bed，because we associate bed with sleep.Therefore，when we are in bed studying，our minds think we should go to sleep.This causes some students to get less done if they study in bed.To be productive while working at home，it is best to have a dedicated office or office space.If it is not a separate room，it could be the corner or area of a bigger room.__12__ When you are not in your work area，you are doing something else.
?Create a schedule.When you have flexibility，you can set your own schedule.This is different than having the flexibility to do things whenever you want.__13__ You will find you are more productive when you set up a structure for yourself.It may help you to keep track of what you do all day for a couple of weeks.In the end，focusing on work during work time and play during play time will keep you healthy.Sounds easier than it is，but worth all the effort.
A．Have a separate office space.
B．It is putting confidence in yourself.
C．Learn to really trust yourself instead of others.
D．When you are in your work area，you are working.
E．Whatever schedule works for you，do your best to stick to it.
F．Dressing for work increases your attention to the tasks at hand.
G．However，some people find it difficult to maintain a high level of productivity.
答案
9．G [空格前面的句子说明在家工作的一些好处，空格处内容应该是说明一些人认为在家工作的一些不利之处。G选项正是这些人的观点。故选G。]
10．F [本段标题为Get up and get dressed.(起床并穿好衣服)，选项F意为“穿戴整齐去工作会增加你对手头工作的注意力。”正是说明穿好衣服工作的重要性。故选F。]
11．A [本段内容是说明在家工作要有一个分离的空间，这样可以提高工作效率。选项A意为“把办公的地方分离出来”，这是对本段的内容概括。故选A。]
12．D [空格处以及空格后面的句子说明，在工作区域工作，你会专注去做你的工作，而不再工作区域工作，你就会做其他事情。两个句子句式一样，内容相反。故选D。]
13．E [本段标题为“做一个日程表”，选项E意为“不管制定了什么计划，都要坚持执行。”与标题内容相符。故选E。]
Ⅲ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Li Ming，
I'm sorry that you have some troubles in spoken English.As is known with us all，the best way to improve our spoken English is to practice more.
First of all，don't lose the heart in your spoken English.Practice make perfect.Don't be afraid of making any mistakes or be laughed at.Try to speak English both in and after class as much as possiblely.Why don't you look for one with who to practice speaking? Thus you can help each other while speak English.In addition，you must be actively in class.You're sure to improve your spoken English as long you keep on speaking English.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
答案
Dear Li Ming，
I'm sorry that you have some in spoken English.As is known us all，the best way to improve our spoken English is to practice more.
First of all，don't lose heart in your spoken English.Practice perfect.Don't be afraid of making any mistakes or laughed at.Try to speak English both in and after class as much as.Why don't you look for one with to practice speaking? Thus you can help each other while English.In addition，you must be in class.You're sure to improve your spoken English as long you keep on speaking English.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
选修7
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文 话题：海洋 词数：318 时间：7′
The sea is home to billions of plants and animals.Many live only near the sunlit surface.Oceanographers classify marine living beings by separating them into two main groups：plants and animals.
There are two general types of plants found in the ocean，those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water.The rooted plants in the ocean are only found in shallow water because there is not enough sunlight to sustain photosynthesis(光合作用) in deeper waters.Since sunlight does not pass more than a few hundred feet into the ocean，most of the ocean is not capable of supporting rooted plants.
The most plenty plants in the ocean are known as phytoplankton(浮游生物)．These are usually single－celled，minute floating plants that drift throughout the surface waters of the ocean.To grow，phytoplankton need nutrients from the sea water and lots of sunlight.
Marine animals are divided into three groups：zooplankton，nekton，and benthos.Zooplankton are drifting animals and are usually small，however，they can grow to fairly large size.For example，the jellyfish and the Portuguese man－of－war are examples of larger types of zooplankton which are unable to propel(推进) themselves effectively.
Nekton are the free swimmers and probably the largest portion of familiar animals found in the ocean belong to this class.Common fishes，the octopus，whales，eels and squid are all examples of nekton.
The third type of sea animals spends its entire life on or in the ocean bottom.This group of marine animals is called the benthos.Some of these creatures，such as lobsters and snails，may be able to move about on the bottom but their lifestyle is so bound up with the ocean floor that they are unable to survive away from this environment.
【语篇解读】 海洋是成千上万种动物和植物的家乡。海洋植物主要有两种：有根植物和浮游植物；海洋动物大体可分为三类：浮游动物、游泳动物和海底动物。
1．The text mainly tells us something about ________．
A．marine plants and marine animals
B．two types of sea plants
C．three kinds of sea animals
D．small and big animals in the ocean
答案 A [主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了海洋生物的分类(海洋植物和海洋动物)以及他们的特点。]
2．Why can't we find the rooted plants in deep water of the ocean?
A．Because there are too many rocks at the bottom of the ocean.
B．Because the rooted plants can't stand the coldness of the ocean.
C．Because there is not enough sunlight for them in deep water.
D．Because the rooted plants need more sunlight than plants which have no roots.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，有根植物不能生存在很深的海底是因为那儿没有充足的阳光来进行光合作用。]
3．One of the characteristics of zooplankton is that ________．
A．they are small and never grow to large size
B．some of the zooplankton can't swim effectively
C．they can swim freely in deep water of the ocean
D．they need more sunlight than other animals in the ocean
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，有些zooplankton不能自己有效地推进自己，也就是说它们不能有效地游泳。]
4．According to the last paragraph，we can conclude that ________．
A．benthos live on the surface of the ocean water
B．some of the benthos can't live without the ocean floor
C．benthos spend most of their time swimming in the ocean
D．benthos can move about in the middle of the sea water
答案 B [细节理解题。根据短文最后一句可知benthos离开海底不能生存。]
B
体裁：记叙文 话题：人物与事件 词数：294 时间：6′
A man once telephoned Vincent Peale，a famous psychologist(心理学家)．He was very sad and in low spirits and told the Vincent Peale that he had nothing left to live for.Peale invited the man over to his office.“Everything is gone，and I feel hopeless，” the man told him.“I'm living in deepest darkness.In fact，I've lost heart for my life.”
Vincent Peale smiled sympathetically (同情地)．“Let's take a look at your situation，” he said calmly.On a piece of paper he drew a straight line down the middle.He suggested that they list on the left side the things the man had lost，and on the right，the things he had left.“You don't need that column (栏) on the right side，” said the man sadly.“I have nothing left.”
Peale asked，“When did your wife leave you？” “What do you mean？” the man asked，“She hasn't left me.My wife loves me！” “That's great！” said Peale.“Then that will be number one in the right column—Wife hasn't left.Now，when were your children put into prison？” “That's a silly question.My children aren't in prison！” “Good! That's number two in the right column—Children are not in prison，” said Peale，writing it down.
After a few more questions in the same column，the man finally got the point and smiled in spite of himself (不由自主地)．“Things will change when you think of them in another way，” he said.
Change your thoughts and you will change your world.If you paint in your mind a picture of bright and happy expectations，you will put yourself into a condition helpful to your goal.
【语篇解读】 改变思维就会改变你的世界。心中充满美好的期待，你就会实现自己的目标。
5．Why did the man feel he was in deepest darkness?
A．Because his wife had quarreled with him and left.
B．Because his children were put into in prison.
C．Because he had lost everything in his life.
D．Because he only thought of the dark side of his life.
答案 D [细节判断题。根据第三段内容首先排除A、B; 根据文章内容可以知道，并非是这个人丢失了所有的东西才使他感到生活没有光彩，故可排除C。]
6．What would happen to the man at last?
A．He went home happily and hopefully.
B．He didn't believe what Peale had said.
C．He filled the left column with bad things.
D．He wrote down what Peale had said.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段以及全文可以推知，这个人在Norman Vincent Peale的教育下，不再感到悲伤，最后应该是高兴地、充满希望地回家了。]
7．Vincent Peale drew a straight line on a piece of paper to ________．
A．show the man how to change his idea
B．make a list of things the man needed to do
C．help the man know the situation he was in
D．tell the man he was now in trouble
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Norman Vincent Peale在纸的中间划了一条直线，目的是为了帮助这个人分析他当前的情况。]
8．The author suggests in the passage that we should ________．
A．ask for help when we are in trouble
B．understand people who are in darkness
C．think of the things in a positive way
D．try to solve the problems by ourselves
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段特别是Change your thoughts and you change your world.可知，作者建议我们要以积极的态度来思考问题。]
Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to work productively at home
The opportunity to work from home(can be a dream) comes true：no time spent commuting，no sitting in traffic，and the flexibility to work wherever and maybe even whenever you want.__9__ The following tips are proven to help people who work from home maintain their happiness and their productivity.
?Get up and get dressed.It might seem like fun to work in your pajamas(睡衣)，but the reality is that people are more productive and have higher self－esteem when they wear professional clothing.__10__ In addition，you will likely feel better and ready to face your day if you rise，shower，and dress in the morning.
?__11__ Students are often advised not to study in bed，because we associate bed with sleep.Therefore，when we are in bed studying，our minds think we should go to sleep.This causes some students to get less done if they study in bed.To be productive while working at home，it is best to have a dedicated office or office space.If it is not a separate room，it could be the corner or area of a bigger room.__12__ When you are not in your work area，you are doing something else.
?Create a schedule.When you have flexibility，you can set your own schedule.This is different than having the flexibility to do things whenever you want.__13__ You will find you are more productive when you set up a structure for yourself.It may help you to keep track of what you do all day for a couple of weeks.In the end，focusing on work during work time and play during play time will keep you healthy.Sounds easier than it is，but worth all the effort.
A．Have a separate office space.
B．It is putting confidence in yourself.
C．Learn to really trust yourself instead of others.
D．When you are in your work area，you are working.
E．Whatever schedule works for you，do your best to stick to it.
F．Dressing for work increases your attention to the tasks at hand.
G．However，some people find it difficult to maintain a high level of productivity.
答案
9．G [空格前面的句子说明在家工作的一些好处，空格处内容应该是说明一些人认为在家工作的一些不利之处。G选项正是这些人的观点。故选G。]
10．F [本段标题为Get up and get dressed.(起床并穿好衣服)，选项F意为“穿戴整齐去工作会增加你对手头工作的注意力。”正是说明穿好衣服工作的重要性。故选F。]
11．A [本段内容是说明在家工作要有一个分离的空间，这样可以提高工作效率。选项A意为“把办公的地方分离出来”，这是对本段的内容概括。故选A。]
12．D [空格处以及空格后面的句子说明，在工作区域工作，你会专注去做你的工作，而不再工作区域工作，你就会做其他事情。两个句子句式一样，内容相反。故选D。]
13．E [本段标题为“做一个日程表”，选项E意为“不管制定了什么计划，都要坚持执行。”与标题内容相符。故选E。]
Ⅲ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Li Ming，
I'm sorry that you have some troubles in spoken English.As is known with us all，the best way to improve our spoken English is to practice more.
First of all，don't lose the heart in your spoken English.Practice make perfect.Don't be afraid of making any mistakes or be laughed at.Try to speak English both in and after class as much as possiblely.Why don't you look for one with who to practice speaking? Thus you can help each other while speak English.In addition，you must be actively in class.You're sure to improve your spoken English as long you keep on speaking English.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
答案
Dear Li Ming，
I'm sorry that you have some in spoken English.As is known us all，the best way to improve our spoken English is to practice more.
First of all，don't lose heart in your spoken English.Practice perfect.Don't be afraid of making any mistakes or laughed at.Try to speak English both in and after class as much as.Why don't you look for one with to practice speaking? Thus you can help each other while English.In addition，you must be in class.You're sure to improve your spoken English as long you keep on speaking English.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua