Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1.English （be） one of the most important courses in the senior school.
2.Two fifths of the books here （be） worth reading.
3.Collecting information about children’s health （be） his main job.
4.In my opinion， four hours （be） enough for us to finish the task.
5.Katia， like many other Russian girls， （be） nice and lively.
6.The number of the people in our town （be） about three thousand.
7.Neither the teacher nor the students （be） informed of the result of the test.
8.There （be） one table and three chairs in the room.
9.John Brown is a London taxi driver who （love） going to the theatre.
10.Between the two rows of trees （stand） our teaching building， which is made of stones and red bricks.
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1.Not only Jack but also I .
不仅杰克，而且我也为足球赛着迷。
2.About three fifths of the land .
大约五分之三的陆地被树木和草覆盖。
3.Coursework， as well as exam results， into account.
除考试结果外，课程作业也要被考虑在内。
4.Reading science fiction after a busy day.
读科幻小说使我在忙碌的一天后感到放松。
5.Whether he will help us too much.
他是否帮我们关系不大。
6.Look， there is a photo and .
看，那里有一张照片，里面有四个人和一条狗。
7.How time flies！ Four years .
时光飞逝！四年真的是一段很短的时间。
8.The drug used to treat this disease causes side effects， .
用于治疗这种疾病的药物会产生副作用，其中一些是致命的。
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。
Thirty years 1. （be） not a long period in history， but every man and every woman 2. （change） a lot in the past thirty years.When it comes to the development of China， none of us 3. （doubt） that either the surroundings or the policy 4. （benefit） us a great deal.With thirty years’ development， China， along with its people， 5. （stand） higher on the stage of the world.Although there 6. （exist） an environmental problem and other ones， like housing，the public 7. （have） a strong belief that tomorrow will be better.Whether we can realize our dreams 8. （depend） on our own efforts.To construct our country 9. （be） a great honour， so not only you but also I 10. （be） the one who should do something to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It can be really hard to learn a language well without living in a country full of native speakers！You have to find something interesting！Here’s the solution：TV series.
Game of Thrones
You should really start watching it.The language is beautiful and easy to understand.Drama， love and good characters mark the show and there are actors from all around the world.You won’t know what’s going to happen at the ending.This is a must-see！
Sherlock
A British masterpiece.Is there any language learner who has not heard of Sherlock Holmes and his friend John Watson？The writers placed the stories into London in the 21st century， so it’s basically a modern version of the original stories.Here you have everything that an English language learner could wish for：British accents， good acting， long and interesting conversations with a lot of humour.
Friends
Everybody knows Friends， which couldn’t be missed out of this list.With many different accents to be heard and lots of dialects， this is the perfect show for English learners.The plot is relatively simple to understand.Six friends battle with tough jobs， complicated relationships and life in Manhattan， New York.In parts of the show， there are also British accents to listen to and learn.
How I Met Your Mother
It is one of the most successful situation comedies in the United States， attracting the audience all around the world.It’s about the life of five friends that live in New York， focusing on their work and their favourite free time activity：sitting in their favourite bar.You get to know many modern American expressions and can enjoy a lot of dialects that make the show even more interesting.
1.Which of the following has an unexpected ending？（ ）
A.Friends.
B.Sherlock.
C.Game of Thrones.
D.How I Met Your Mother.
2.What can audience learn from both Sherlock and Friends？（ ）
A.British accents.
B.Humorous conversations.
C.American dialects.
D.Wonderful performances.
3.What do we know about How I Met Your Mother？（ ）
A.It is about five American students.
B.It is popular all over the world.
C.There are many formal expressions in the show.
D.It’s the only successful sitcom in the United States.
B
Ancient books and manuscripts （手稿）， some dating back to the 16th century， which have been influenced by heavy floods in Emilia-Romagna in the north of Italy， are being stored in freezers （冷库） in an effort to save them.
Volunteers have been transporting the books and other valuable manuscripts in flooded libraries in the worst influenced areas， to Cesena， where they will be placed in temperatures of －25℃ in industrial-size freezers provided by Orogel， a company that specializes in frozen food.
“We usually use this method for fruit and vegetables shortly after collecting them， but I never expected it could also be useful for our books and historical writings，” said Bruno Piraccini， the company’s president.“I received this surprising request from a library of Forlì and we are happily reorganizing space in our warehouse （仓库）.”
There has been great damage to Italy’s cultural and historic treasures， with 12 libraries and six ancient sites influenced by the floods.Lucia Borgonzoni， a government official at the Ministry of Culture， said the government had set aside 6m to help protect these historic treasures.“Efforts to save our historic treasures have been underway since Tuesday，” Lucia said.“At the same time， warehouses are being found for the recovered objects.”
Ancient books from the flooded Trisi Library in Lugo were also placed in plastic bags before being transported to the freezers in Cesena.More books are expected to arrive from other places in the area.
The purpose of freezing is to remove some water from the books in order to stop further damage before drying and restoring them where possible.In order for it to work， the books need to be frozen as quickly as possible.Piraccini said he was providing his company’s warehouses for free “for the good of the community”.“Our factory is used to ensuring the best quality，” he said.
4.What happened to some libraries of Emilia-Romagna？（ ）
A.They were stolen.
B.They were flooded.
C.They were sold to a company.
D.They were improperly managed.
5.How did Piraccini feel about the request of a library of Forlì？（ ）
A.It was timely.
B.It was reasonable.
C.It was unexpected.
D.It was hard to satisfy.
6.What can we learn from Lucia’s words in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.The government is doing its part to reduce the damage.
B.The government has difficulties carrying out its actions.
C.The government has asked the libraries back to work.
D.The government has won support from many factories.
7.Which of the following can best describe Piraccini？（ ）
A.Outgoing. B.Promising.
C.Highly creative. D.Socially responsible.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Online training is one of the fastest growing parts of the fitness industry.If you’re considering joining the online fitness community， consider these benefits and drawbacks.
One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online video is that it offers great
convenience.No need to roll out of bed at 5 a.m. to attend that 6 a.m. boot camp class， which may end up being full when you arrive. 8.（ ） And what if you’re on the road？No problem.You can access your workout video through your phone.
9.（ ） Most online fitness programmes are much less expensive than similar offline programmes — most range in cost between $10 and $20 per month.Some are even free.For example， the online Les Mills＋ programme offers a free 30-day trial of its 1，500-plus workouts.
Online training also has broad offerings.When you head online， you have instructors from around the globe all ready and willing to help you master your favourite movements.10.（ ） Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga （以色列近身格斗术） class in your area doesn’t mean you can’t go online to find one led by qualified instructors.
All these are undoubtedly positive — online training provides fitness resources to general consumers wherever they are， without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio.11.（ ）
Very few online fitness programmes enable the instructor to see you， check your form， and offer corrections based on your performance.12.（ ） This is particularly concerning for beginners， as they’re more likely to do incorrectly.Besides， if you struggle with self-motivation and prefer a social workout environment， online fitness may not be for you.
A.Another is the price.
B.But it’s not without problems.
C.The same goes for different types of exercise.
D.However， online personal training isn’t for everyone.
E.Instead， you can turn it on at home at your convenience.
F.That being said， online workouts aren’t perfect when it comes to safety.
G.This means you could perform exercises wrongly， or even unsafely， without knowing it.
Ⅲ.完形填空
I just returned from India.While driving home from the airport， I was amazed by how everything in American streets 13 those in Delhi， a city in northern India.“You can eat off the street here！”I said.My family looked at me 14 I had gotten off a spaceship rather than a plane.
During the two years I was away， my friends and family 15 sending texts to each other by phone.After I came back， my phone was no longer 16 as before， just lighting up with the “ding” sound of a text， and I felt very 17 .I chose to talk to my friends instead of texting them.I asked my friends for their 18 as I made an effort to 19 with them and rebuild our friendships.
While I was on my 20 trips， most of my friends had moved on with their 21 .We felt disconnected from each other’s experiences.Just as 22 would always be part of my life， I understood that raising a family would always be part of theirs.I told them sometimes I felt 23 because I had been away and wasn’t there for their 24 events.
Expats （侨民） in Laos say that sometimes， if you stay abroad too long， you become a permanent （永久的） 25 ， never quite making it as a local， and never feeling 26 in your home country.I 27 .If you always travel with a heart beating for your beloved ones， no matter how long you have been abroad， you will find satisfaction at home.
13.（ ）A.holds back B.leads to
C.differs from D.ends with
14.A.as if B.even if
C.in case D.every time
15.（ ）A.took notice of B.looked forward to
C.made fun of D.got used to
16.（ ）A.ringing B.shaking
C.working D.struggling
17.（ ）A.curious B.weak
C.lonely D.lucky
18.（ ）A.description B.understanding
C.expectation D.encouragement
19.（ ）A.practice B.discuss
C.compete D.reconnect
20.（ ）A.secret B.international
C.recent D.emergent
21.（ ）A.lives B.adventures
C.studies D.vacations
22.（ ）A.driving B.teaching
C.travel D.exercise
23.（ ）A.bored B.ashamed
C.doubtful D.nervous
24.（ ）A.popular B.creative
C.similar D.special
25.（ ）A.foreigner B.listener
C.reporter D.passenger
26.（ ）A.free B.surprised
C.satisfied D.safe
27.（ ）A.admit B.forget
C.promise D.disagree
Ⅳ.语法填空
Never Say Never， the second directorial work of actor-turned-film-maker Wang Baoqiang， 28. （official） hit theaters in the Chinese mainland on 6 July 2023.
29. （adapt） from real-life events， the movie tells the story of a group of orphans （孤儿） who 30. （take） in by a martial arts coach （played by Wang）.The coach， 31. own dream of becoming a fighting champion was broken， teaches the orphans about martial arts.Through sports competitions， he aims to provide them with a chance for 32. better life.
“This is a story about 33. （seek） a way out，” said Wang， who began to study martial arts at age 6.“Movies are my way out， and movies have given value and meaning to my life.”
Wang is known 34. his comedy Lost in Thailand （2012） and his role in the film series Detective Chinatown.However， before becoming a 35. （success） actor， he worked as a laborer （劳工）.Referring to the 36. （child） he worked with in Never Say Never， he said， “I seemed to see my former self in them.”
“Wang Baoqiang has deep empathy （同理心） for the working class and vulnerable （弱势的） groups ... This movie allows us to understand deeply how some people must try their best just 37. （live），” one viewer wrote on Douban.
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
基础知识自测
维度一
1.is 2.are 3.is 4.is 5.is 6.is 7.were 8.is
9.loves 10.stands
维度二
1.am crazy about the football match
2.is covered with trees and grass 3.is taken
4.makes me relaxed 5.doesn’t matter
6.there are four people and a dog in it
7.is really a short time 8.some of which are deadly
维度三
1.is 2.has changed 3.doubt（s） 4.has benefited
5.is standing 6.exists 7.have 8.depends 9.is 10.am
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部电视剧来帮助人们学习外语。
1.C 细节理解题。根据Game of Thrones部分中的You won’t know what’s going to happen at the ending.可知，《权力的游戏》这部剧的结局无法预料。
2.A 细节理解题。根据Sherlock和Friends部分中的最后一句可知，在这两部剧里都可以学到英式口音。
3.B 细节理解题。根据How I Met Your Mother部分中的It is one of the most successful situation comedies in the United States， attracting the audience all around the world.可知，《老爸老妈的浪漫史》这部剧在全世界受欢迎。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。意大利北部艾米利亚-罗马涅大区多家图书馆将被洪水淹过的书籍转移到冷库，以减少洪水给它们带来的损害。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容可知，这些图书馆遭了水灾。
5.C 观点态度题。根据第三段中的I received this surprising request from a library of Forlì可知，Piraccini觉得Forlì的这所图书馆的请求很意外。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Borgonzoni说，政府部门为了保护这些遗产已拨款六百万欧元作为行动资金。由此可知，政府部门正在履行自己的职责。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，Piraccini将公司的库房腾出，免费为社会服务，同时，他们公司向来追求高质量。由此推断，Piraccini有社会责任感。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在线健身训练的利与弊。
8.E 根据第二段首句可知，本段主要阐述了在线健身训练的优势之一是便捷；同时根据空前一句可知，设空处应与在线健身训练便利性的实际体现有关。E项提到的是实际的例子，符合语境。
9.A 根据空后内容可知，本段谈论的是在线健身训练在价格方面的优势。A项能够概括段落的主要内容，同时A项中的Another与第二段首句中的One of the most popular reasons相呼应。
10.C 根据第四段首句可知，本段主要谈论的是在线健身训练可以提供多样的选择。根据空后一句可知，此处应是在讲在网上能获得多种多样的健身训练。
11.B 根据第一段最后一句可知，文章既介绍了在线健身训练的优势，也介绍了在线健身训练的劣势。上文内容介绍的是优势，最后一段介绍的是劣势。因此设空处应是一个承上启下的句子，引出在线健身训练的不足。
12.G 根据空前一句可知，设空处应是在线健身项目缺乏面对面指导的结果。G项（这意味着你在不知道的情况下错误训练，甚至不安全地训练）符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经常在国外旅行，文章讲述了他回到美国后的经历与感受。
13.C 根据本段中的I was amazed by和“You can eat off the street here！” I said.可知，作者从印度回到美国后，感慨地说“可以在街上吃饭”。由此推断，作者感到美国的街道与印度德里的街道不同。
14.A 根据I had gotten off a spaceship rather than a plane可知，作者的家人住在美国，认为作者大惊小怪，像是来自外星。
15.D 根据下文my phone was no longer 16 as before， just lighting up with the “ding” sound of a text可知，作者回国后，他的手机只有短信的“叮叮”声。由此推断，在作者外出旅行的这两年，他的朋友和家人已经习惯了用手机互发短信，作者回国后，发现他们不再像他出国前一样给他打电话，他的手机不再有来电铃声，他感到很孤独。
16.A 参见上题解析。
17.C 参见第15题解析。
18.B 根据本句中的rebuild our friendships和下段中的We felt disconnected from each other’s experiences可知，作者出国旅行期间与朋友们脱节了，回国后请求他们的理解，努力与他们重建联系，重建友谊。
19.D 参见上题解析。
20.B 根据第一段中的I just returned from India.可知，作者进行的是跨国旅行，故本空选international。
21.A 根据下文I understood that raising a family would always be part of theirs可知，作者外出旅行时，他的大部分朋友都成家了，继续他们的生活。
22.C 根据本段中的While I was on my 20 trips、第一段中的I just returned from India.和最后一段中的Expats （侨民） in Laos say可知，作者经常旅行，旅行将永远是他生活的一部分。
23.B 根据because I had been away and wasn’t there for their 24 events可知，作者的朋友都成家了，因为作者旅行在外，没能见证他们的人生大事，所以有时感到内疚。
24.D 参见上题解析。
25.A 根据本段中的never quite making it as a local和you will find satisfaction at home可知，住在老挝的侨民说，有时候，如果你在国外待得太久，你就会成为一个永久的异乡人，既当不成真正的本地人，也不会在祖国待得很满意。
26.C 参见上题解析。
27.D 根据下文可知，作者认为，如果你在旅行的时候总是心系所爱，那么不管你在国外待了多久，你都会在国内找到心满意足的感觉。由此推断，作者并不认同老挝侨民的看法。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了王宝强执导的电影《八角笼中》。
28.officially 考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰动词hit， 表示“正式地”，故填副词officially。
29.Adapted 考查非谓语动词。设空处所在部分作状语，且adapt与the movie之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词-ed形式，又因本空位于句首，故填Adapted。
30.are taken 考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是对电影故事情节的简介，应用一般现在时，又因主语who（指代先行词orphans）与take之间是被动关系，故填are taken。take sb in收留某人。
31.whose 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作定语，表示“他的”，故填whose。
32.a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，设空处所在部分表示“一种更好的生活，”此处是泛指，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
33.seeking 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词about的宾语，应用动词-ing形式，故填seeking。
34.for 考查介词。be known for ...因……而众所周知。
35.successful 考查词形转换。设空处作定语，修饰名词actor，表示“成功的”，故填形容词successful。
36.children 考查名词复数。根据第二段中的the movie tells the story of a group of orphans及本空后的in them可知，这部电影中的儿童演员不止一个，设空处应为表示复数意义的名词，故填children。
37.to live 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth 某人尽力做某事。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
主谓一致
阅读下列句子，并思考其主语和谓语在数上的关系。
1.There is one tree and three children on the film poster.
2.Two hours seems very short when you’re having so much fun！
3....Disney said its film team members were remaking The Jungle Book.
4.Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was directed by David Yates.
5.Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title， it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.
6.Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg， what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making.
【我的发现】
（1）根据语法一致原则来判断谓语动词的有句 。
（2）根据意义一致原则来判断谓语动词的有句 。
（3）根据就近一致原则来判断谓语动词的有句 。
主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。
一、语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Every part was carefully checked before they were put together.
组装之前，每一个部件都被仔细检查过。
His advice has been accepted.
他的建议已被接受。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
2.动词-ing短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
3.不定代词either、 neither、 each/every/no＋单数名词作主语，或复合不定代词anyone、 somebody、 everything、 nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing in the world moves faster than light.
世界上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。
Either of you is to hand out the gifts to the students.
你们俩当中的一个人要给学生分发礼物。
If anyone sees Mary， ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看见玛丽，请让她到我办公室来。
Everything is in a complete mess，which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。
4.由 as well as、along with、together with、with、rather than、but、except、besides、in addition to、 like、 including 等连接的两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与介词（短语）前面的主语保持数的一致。
The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.
老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
Tom，along with his friends， goes skating every Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
5.“many a（n） （许多）/more than one （不止一个）＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a student comes into the classroom.
许多学生进了教室。
More than one person is against the proposal.
不止一个人反对这个提议。
6.“one of＋可数名词复数”结构后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；“the （only） one of＋可数名词复数”结构后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.
他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。
He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
7.在“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”结构中，如果被强调部分是主语，that或who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
It is they who have worked there for five years.
是他们在那里工作了五年。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Reading often （mean） learning.
②Anyone who （break） the law will be punished.
③More than one child （be） playing in the shade of the tree yesterday.
④How to solve the problem （be） to be discussed at the meeting.
⑤No one except two boys （be） hurt.
⑥I as well as my classmates （be） ready to help you.
⑦It is Mike， not you， that （be） responsible for this big mistake.
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语所表达的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词family、class、crowd、team、government、company、group、police、public、committee、audience等作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是组成集体的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.
在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。（强调整体）
Her family are all music lovers.
她的家人都是音乐爱好者。（强调个体）
2.表示距离、长度、时间、金钱、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie.
当你在享受一部非常好的电影时，两小时是很短的时间。
Fifteen miles seems to me a long walk.
十五英里在我看来是很长的一段路。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a student.
对于一个学生来说，三千美元是一笔大数目。
3.连词and或both ... and ... 连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但当and连接的结构表示一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Both Tom and his younger brother have passed the exam.
汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民兼作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
The knife and fork is on the desk.
这套刀叉在桌子上。
4.如果主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或all of、some of、most of等短语限定，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词的类别。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 per cent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
5.“the＋形容词/分词”结构表示某个群体，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of here.
在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到了治疗，失踪的人也找到了。
6.“a number of＋复数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A small number of people have applied for the job.
有少数几个人申请了这份工作。
The number of the students is increasing year by year.
学生的数量正逐年增加。
7.以-s结尾的名词，如news、 maths、 physics、 the United States等，本身不表示复数意义，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Maths is the most difficult subject and English is the easiest， I think.
我认为数学是最难的科目，而英语是最容易的（科目）。
8.单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的意义来确定。这类名词有means、deer、 fish、 sheep、 Chinese、 Japanese等。
Every means has been tried.
每个方法都试过了。
Not all means are useful.
并非所有的方法都有用。
9.代词none、 all、 some、 any等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
None of the information about him has been received.
没收到一点关于他的消息。
All are here and all is ready.
所有的人都到了，一切准备就绪。
10.表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①Almost every family in the country （own） a television.
②The wounded （save） by the villagers at last.
③Twenty-five dollars （be） too much to pay for that shirt.
④Two thirds of the people present （be） against the plan put forward at yesterday’s meeting.
⑤The crowd （be） arguing and fighting.Don’t get close to them.
⑥The speaker and writer （be） a former graduate of our school.
⑦Politics （be） a difficult subject for many students.
⑧Every possible means （be） used to prevent the air pollution.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、 either ...or ...、 neither ...nor ...、 not only ...but also ...、 not ...but ...等连接的并列名词（短语）或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。
Neither the children nor their mother likes this kind of music.
孩子们和他们的母亲都不喜欢这种音乐。
Not only my father， but also all of us are looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不仅我父亲，而且我们所有人都盼望着见到我叔叔。
2.在there be 结构、here 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒装句中，谓语动词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
Here is a blackboard and two fans.
这有一块黑板和两台风扇。
There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Either you or I （be） to blame for the accident.
②Not you but I （be） responsible for the mistake.
③Not only a nurse but also two doctors （be） fined yesterday.
④There （be） one teacher and forty students in the classroom.
⑤Here （be） a pen， a few envelopes and some paper for you.
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
adapt vt.改编，改写；使适应 vi.适应
【教材原句】 In 1967， Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film， which is widely regarded as a classic.1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成一部动画电影，被广泛认为是经典之作。
【用法】
（1）adapt ...from ... 根据……改编……
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
adapt oneself to 使（某人）自己适应……
adapt to 适合；适应
（2）adaption/adaptation n. 适应；改编本
【佳句】 This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen.
据说这部新影片是根据简·奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。
【点津】 注意adapt和adopt在拼写和意思上的差异。adopt意为“采用；采纳；收养”。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The film was adapted a novel of the same name.
②Three of her novels have been adapted television.
③It took him a while to adapt （he） to the new environment.
【写美】 完成句子
④The film describes how an orphan after she an American couple.
这部影片描述了一个孤儿在被一对美国夫妇收养之后是如何适应其新生活的。
regard vt.将……认为，看待；注视
【用法】
（1）regard ...as ... 把……看作……
as regards 关于，至于
（2）regard n. 注意，关心，敬佩；尊重；（pl.）问候，致意
give one’s best regards to
代某人向……问好
with/in regard to 关于，至于
（3）regarding prep. 关于，至于
【佳句】 Now let you show your regard for your teacher.
希望你们表现出对老师的尊重。
Regarding our plan for future， all I can say is that we will work very hard.
关于我们未来的计划，我可以说的就是我们要十分努力地工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should regard failure a road leading to success.
② regard to her suggestions， we shall discuss them fully.
③I have little information as （regard） her fitness for the post.
【写美】 翻译句子
④请代我向你的老师问好。
⑤在线学习被认为是一个非常有效的学习英语的方法。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title， it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.它（电影）根据拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名作品改编，讲述了一个名叫毛克利的男孩的故事。
【用法】
（1）过去分词（短语）作状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随等。
（2）过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
（3）过去分词（短语）作状语大多可改写为状语从句，作方式或伴随状语时不能改写为状语从句，但可以改写成并列句。
（4）过去分词（短语）作状语的位置：过去分词（短语）可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
【品悟】 Faced with so many problems， I would appreciate it if you could help us when it is convenient for you.
面对这么多的问题，如果您能在方便时帮助我们，我将不胜感激。（应用文写作之求助信）
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① ， but he didn’t lose heart.
虽然被拒绝了很多次，但他并没有失去信心。
②The teacher entered the classroom， .
老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。
③ ， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
从火车的车窗望去，加拿大的山脉和森林显得雄伟壮丽。
④Because he was seriously injured， he had to be taken to the hospital.
→ ， he had to be taken to the hospital.（非谓语动词作状语）
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
（1）3、5、6 （2）2、4 （3）1
即时演练1
①means ②breaks ③was ④is ⑤was ⑥am ⑦is
即时演练2
①owns ②were saved ③is ④were ⑤are ⑥is ⑦is
⑧has been
即时演练3
①am ②am ③were ④is ⑤is
【核心知识·巧突破】
Part Ⅰ
1.①from ②for ③himself ④adapted to her new life； was adopted by
2.①as ②With/In ③regards
④Please give my best regards to your teacher.
⑤Online learning is regarded as a most efficient way to learn English.
Part Ⅱ
①Rejected/Refused many times
②followed by a group of students
③Seen from the train window
④Seriously injured(共94张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
2
核心知识·巧突破
3
课时检测·提能力
重难语法 · 要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
主谓一致
阅读下列句子，并思考其主语和谓语在数上的关系。
1. There is one tree and three children on the film poster.
2. Two hours seems very short when you’re having so much fun！
3. ...Disney said its film team members were remaking The Jungle
Book.
4. Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them was directed by David Yates.
5. Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title， it describes the
story of a boy named Mowgli.
6. Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the
iceberg， what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge
iceberg of film-making.
【我的发现】
（1）根据语法一致原则来判断谓语动词的有句 。
（2）根据意义一致原则来判断谓语动词的有句 。
（3）根据就近一致原则来判断谓语动词的有句 。
3、5、6
2、4
1
主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一
致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。
一、语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数
名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Every part was carefully checked before they were put together.
组装之前，每一个部件都被仔细检查过。
His advice has been accepted.
他的建议已被接受。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
2. 动词-ing短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常
用单数形式。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
3. 不定代词either、 neither、 each/every/no＋单数名词作主语，或复
合不定代词anyone、 somebody、 everything、 nothing作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing in the world moves faster than light.
世界上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。
Either of you is to hand out the gifts to the students.
你们俩当中的一个人要给学生分发礼物。
If anyone sees Mary， ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看见玛丽，请让她到我办公室来。
Everything is in a complete mess，which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都乱成一团，让人发疯。
4. 由 as well as、along with、together with、with、rather than、but、
except、besides、in addition to、 like、 including 等连接的两部分名
词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与介词（短语）前面的主语保持数的
一致。
The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.
老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
Tom，along with his friends， goes skating every Saturday.
每个星期六，汤姆都和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。
5. “many a（n） （许多）/more than one （不止一个）＋可数名词单
数”结构作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数
形式。
Many a student comes into the classroom.
许多学生进了教室。
More than one person is against the proposal.
不止一个人反对这个提议。
6. “one of＋可数名词复数”结构后跟定语从句时，从句谓语动词用
复数形式；“the （only） one of＋可数名词复数”结构后跟定语从
句时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.
他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。
He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一一个去过上海的。
7. 在“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”结构中，如果被强调
部分是主语，that或who后的谓语动词与被强调部分的人称、数保
持一致。
It is they who have worked there for five years.
是他们在那里工作了五年。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Reading often （mean） learning.
②Anyone who （break） the law will be punished.
③More than one child （be） playing in the shade of the tree
yesterday.
④How to solve the problem （be） to be discussed at the meeting.
⑤No one except two boys （be） hurt.
⑥I as well as my classmates （be） ready to help you.
⑦It is Mike， not you， that （be） responsible for this big
mistake.
means
breaks
was
is
was
am
is
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语所表达的意
义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1. 集体名词family、class、crowd、team、government、company、
group、police、public、committee、audience等作主语时，若被看
作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是组成集体的个体，
谓语动词用复数形式。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.
在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。（强调
整体）
Her family are all music lovers.
她的家人都是音乐爱好者。（强调个体）
2. 表示距离、长度、时间、金钱、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作
主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two hours is a short time when you are enjoying a fascinating movie.
当你在享受一部非常好的电影时，两小时是很短的时间。
Fifteen miles seems to me a long walk.
十五英里在我看来是很长的一段路。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a student.
对于一个学生来说，三千美元是一笔大数目。
3. 连词and或both ... and ... 连接两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词
通常用复数形式。但当and连接的结构表示一个人或物时，谓语动
词用单数形式。
Both Tom and his younger brother have passed the exam.
汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民兼作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
The knife and fork is on the desk.
这套刀叉在桌子上。
4. 如果主语中的名词或代词由分数、百分数或all of、some of、most
of等短语限定，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词的类别。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 per cent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
5. “the＋形容词/分词”结构表示某个群体，在句中作主语时，谓语
动词用复数形式。
The old are taken good care of here.
在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到了治疗，失踪的人也找到了。
6. “a number of＋复数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A small number of people have applied for the job.
有少数几个人申请了这份工作。
The number of the students is increasing year by year.
学生的数量正逐年增加。
7. 以-s结尾的名词，如news、 maths、 physics、 the United States等，
本身不表示复数意义，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Maths is the most difficult subject and English is the easiest， I think.
我认为数学是最难的科目，而英语是最容易的（科目）。
8. 单复数形式相同的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式应根据其表达的
意义来确定。这类名词有means、deer、 fish、 sheep、 Chinese、
Japanese等。
Every means has been tried.
每个方法都试过了。
Not all means are useful.
并非所有的方法都有用。
9. 代词none、 all、 some、 any等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指
代的内容而定。
None of the information about him has been received.
没收到一点关于他的消息。
All are here and all is ready.
所有的人都到了，一切准备就绪。
10. 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时，谓语
动词用单数。
The United Nations plays an important role in the international
affairs.
联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空
①Almost every family in the country （own） a television.
②The wounded （save） by the villagers at last.
③Twenty-five dollars （be） too much to pay for that shirt.
④Two thirds of the people present （be） against the plan put
forward at yesterday’s meeting.
⑤The crowd （be） arguing and fighting.Don’t get close to
them.
⑥The speaker and writer （be） a former graduate of our school.
⑦Politics （be） a difficult subject for many students.
⑧Every possible means （be） used to prevent the air
pollution.
owns
were saved
is
were
are
is
is
has been
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单
复数。
1. 由or、 either ...or ...、 neither ...nor ...、 not only ...but
also ...、 not ...but ...等连接的并列名词（短语）或代词作主语
时，谓语动词的单复数与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。
Neither the children nor their mother likes this kind of music.
孩子们和他们的母亲都不喜欢这种音乐。
Not only my father， but also all of us are looking forward to
meeting my uncle.
不仅我父亲，而且我们所有人都盼望着见到我叔叔。
2. 在there be 结构、here 以及表示地点的介词词组位于句首引起的倒
装句中，谓语动词的人称和数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
Here is a blackboard and two fans.
这有一块黑板和两台风扇。
There are two chairs and a desk in the office.
办公室里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空
①Either you or I （be） to blame for the accident.
②Not you but I （be） responsible for the mistake.
③Not only a nurse but also two doctors （be） fined yesterday.
④There （be） one teacher and forty students in the classroom.
⑤Here （be） a pen， a few envelopes and some paper for you.
am
am
were
is
is
2
核心知识·巧突破探究课堂重点
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
adapt vt.改编，改写；使适应 vi.适应
【教材原句】 In 1967， Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film，
which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成一部动画电影，被广泛认为是经
典之作。
【用法】
（1）adapt ...from ... 根据……改编……
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
adapt oneself to 使（某人）自己适应……
adapt to 适合；适应
（2）adaption/adaptation n. 适应；改编本
【佳句】 This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane
Austen.
据说这部新影片是根据简·奥斯汀的一本小说改编的。
【点津】 注意adapt和adopt在拼写和意思上的差异。adopt意为“采
用；采纳；收养”。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The film was adapted a novel of the same name.
②Three of her novels have been adapted television.
③It took him a while to adapt （he） to the new
environment.
【写美】 完成句子
④The film describes how an orphan after
she an American couple.
这部影片描述了一个孤儿在被一对美国夫妇收养之后是如何适应其新
生活的。
from
for
himself
adapted to her new life
was adopted by
regard vt.将……认为，看待；注视
【用法】
（1）regard ...as ... 把……看作……
as regards 关于，至于
（2）regard n.注意，关心，敬佩；尊重；（pl.）问候，致意
give one’s best regards to 代某人向……问好
with/in regard to 关于，至于
（3）regarding prep. 关于，至于
【佳句】 Now let you show your regard for your teacher.
希望你们表现出对老师的尊重。
Regarding our plan for future， all I can say is that we will work very
hard.
关于我们未来的计划，我可以说的就是我们要十分努力地工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①We should regard failure a road leading to success.
② regard to her suggestions， we shall discuss them fully.
③I have little information as （regard）her fitness for the
post.
as
With/In
regards
【写美】 翻译句子
④请代我向你的老师问好。
⑤在线学习被认为是一个非常有效的学习英语的方法。
Please give my best regards to your teacher.
Online learning is regarded as a most efficient way to learn English.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title，
it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.
它（电影）根据拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名作品改编，讲述了一个名叫
毛克利的男孩的故事。
【用法】
（1）过去分词（短语）作状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式
或伴随等。
（2）过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时
应注意人称一致。
（3）过去分词（短语）作状语大多可改写为状语从句，作方式或伴
随状语时不能改写为状语从句，但可以改写成并列句。
（4）过去分词（短语）作状语的位置：过去分词（短语）可放在主
句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后
面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
【品悟】 Faced with so many problems， I would appreciate it
if you could help us when it is convenient for you.
面对这么多的问题，如果您能在方便时帮助我们，我将不胜感
激。 （应用文写作之求助信）
【写美】 完成句子/句式升级
① ， but he didn’t lose heart.
虽然被拒绝了很多次，但他并没有失去信心。
②The teacher entered the classroom，
.
老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。
③ ， the mountains and forests of Canada
looked massive.
从火车的车窗望去，加拿大的山脉和森林显得雄伟壮丽。
Rejected/Refused many times
followed by a group of
students
Seen from the train window
④Because he was seriously injured， he had to be taken to the hospital.
→ ， he had to be taken to the hospital.（非谓语动
词作状语）
Seriously injured
课时检测 · 提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. English （be） one of the most important courses in the senior
school.
2. Two fifths of the books here （be） worth reading.
3. Collecting information about children’s health （be） his main
job.
is
are
is
4. In my opinion， four hours （be） enough for us to finish the
task.
5. Katia， like many other Russian girls， （be） nice and lively.
6. The number of the people in our town （be） about three
thousand.
7. Neither the teacher nor the students （be） informed of the
result of the test.
8. There （be） one table and three chairs in the room.
is
is
is
were
is
9. John Brown is a London taxi driver who （love） going to
the theatre.
10. Between the two rows of trees （stand） our teaching
building， which is made of stones and red bricks.
loves
stands
维度二：语法与写作
根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Not only Jack but also I .
不仅杰克，而且我也为足球赛着迷。
2. About three fifths of the land .
大约五分之三的陆地被树木和草覆盖。
3. Coursework， as well as exam results， into account.
除考试结果外，课程作业也要被考虑在内。
4. Reading science fiction after a busy day.
读科幻小说使我在忙碌的一天后感到放松。
am crazy about the football match
is covered with trees and grass
is taken
makes me relaxed
5. Whether he will help us too much.
他是否帮我们关系不大。
6. Look， there is a photo and .
看，那里有一张照片，里面有四个人和一条狗。
7. How time flies！ Four years .
时光飞逝！四年真的是一段很短的时间。
8. The drug used to treat this disease causes side effects，
.
用于治疗这种疾病的药物会产生副作用，其中一些是致命的。
doesn’t matter
there are four people and a dog in it
is really a short time
some of
which are deadly
维度三：语法与语篇
阅读下面短文，用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。
Thirty years 1. （be） not a long period in history， but every
man and every woman 2. （change） a lot in the past
thirty years.When it comes to the development of China， none of us
3. （doubt） that either the surroundings or the policy
4. （benefit） us a great deal.With thirty years’
development， China， along with its people，
is
has changed
doubt（s）
has benefited
5. （stand） higher on the stage of the world.Although there 6. （exist） an environmental problem and other ones， like housing，the public 7. （have） a strong belief that tomorrow
will be better.Whether we can realize our dreams 8.
（depend） on our own efforts.To construct our country 9. （be）
a great honour， so not only you but also I 10. （be） the one
who should do something to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
is standing
exists
have
depends
is
am
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It can be really hard to learn a language well without living in a
country full of native speakers！You have to find something interesting！
Here’s the solution：TV series.
You should really start watching it.The language is beautiful and easy
to understand.Drama， love and good characters mark the show and there
are actors from all around the world.You won’t know what’s going to
happen at the ending.This is a must-see！
Game of Thrones
Sherlock
A British masterpiece.Is there any language learner who has not
heard of Sherlock Holmes and his friend John Watson？The writers placed
the stories into London in the 21st century， so it’s basically a modern
version of the original stories.Here you have everything that an English
language learner could wish for：British accents， good acting， long and
interesting conversations with a lot of humour.
Friends
Everybody knows Friends， which couldn’t be missed out of this
list.With many different accents to be heard and lots of dialects， this is
the perfect show for English learners.The plot is relatively simple to
understand.Six friends battle with tough jobs， complicated relationships
and life in Manhattan， New York.In parts of the show， there are also
British accents to listen to and learn.
How I Met Your Mother
It is one of the most successful situation comedies in the United
States， attracting the audience all around the world.It’s about the life of
five friends that live in New York， focusing on their work and their
favourite free time activity：sitting in their favourite bar.You get to know
many modern American expressions and can enjoy a lot of dialects that
make the show even more interesting.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部电视剧来帮助人们
学习外语。
1. Which of the following has an unexpected ending？（ ）
A. Friends.
B. Sherlock.
C. Game of Thrones.
D. How I Met Your Mother.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Game of Thrones部分中的You won’t
know what’s going to happen at the ending.可知，《权力的游戏》
这部剧的结局无法预料。
2. What can audience learn from both Sherlock and Friends？（ ）
A. British accents.
B. Humorous conversations.
C. American dialects.
D. Wonderful performances.
解析： 细节理解题。根据Sherlock和Friends部分中的最后一句
可知，在这两部剧里都可以学到英式口音。
3. What do we know about How I Met Your Mother？（ ）
A. It is about five American students.
B. It is popular all over the world.
C. There are many formal expressions in the show.
D. It’s the only successful sitcom in the United States.
解析： 细节理解题。根据How I Met Your Mother部分中的It is
one of the most successful situation comedies in the United States，
attracting the audience all around the world.可知，《老爸老妈的浪漫
史》这部剧在全世界受欢迎。
B
Ancient books and manuscripts （手稿）， some dating back to the
16th century， which have been influenced by heavy floods in Emilia-
Romagna in the north of Italy， are being stored in freezers （冷库） in
an effort to save them.
Volunteers have been transporting the books and other valuable
manuscripts in flooded libraries in the worst influenced areas， to
Cesena， where they will be placed in temperatures of －25℃ in
industrial-size freezers provided by Orogel， a company that specializes in
frozen food.
“We usually use this method for fruit and vegetables shortly after
collecting them， but I never expected it could also be useful for our books
and historical writings，” said Bruno Piraccini， the company’s
president.“I received this surprising request from a library of Forlì and
we are happily reorganizing space in our warehouse （仓库）.”
There has been great damage to Italy’s cultural and historic
treasures， with 12 libraries and six ancient sites influenced by the
floods.Lucia Borgonzoni， a government official at the Ministry of
Culture， said the government had set aside 6m to help protect these
historic treasures.“Efforts to save our historic treasures have been
underway since Tuesday，” Lucia said.“At the same time，
warehouses are being found for the recovered objects.”
Ancient books from the flooded Trisi Library in Lugo were also
placed in plastic bags before being transported to the freezers in
Cesena.More books are expected to arrive from other places in the area.
The purpose of freezing is to remove some water from the books in
order to stop further damage before drying and restoring them where
possible.In order for it to work， the books need to be frozen as quickly as
possible.Piraccini said he was providing his company’s warehouses for
free “for the good of the community”.“Our factory is used to ensuring
the best quality，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。意大利北部艾米利亚-罗马涅大区
多家图书馆将被洪水淹过的书籍转移到冷库，以减少洪水给它们带
来的损害。
4. What happened to some libraries of Emilia-Romagna？（ ）
A. They were stolen.
B. They were flooded.
C. They were sold to a company.
D. They were improperly managed.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容可知，这些图书馆遭
了水灾。
5. How did Piraccini feel about the request of a library of Forlì？（ ）
A. It was timely.
B. It was reasonable.
C. It was unexpected.
D. It was hard to satisfy.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段中的I received this surprising
request from a library of Forlì可知，Piraccini觉得Forlì的这所图书馆
的请求很意外。
6. What can we learn from Lucia’s words in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. The government is doing its part to reduce the damage.
B. The government has difficulties carrying out its actions.
C. The government has asked the libraries back to work.
D. The government has won support from many factories.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，Borgonzoni说，
政府部门为了保护这些遗产已拨款六百万欧元作为行动资金。由此
可知，政府部门正在履行自己的职责。
7. Which of the following can best describe Piraccini？（ ）
A. Outgoing. B. Promising.
C. Highly creative. D. Socially responsible.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，Piraccini将
公司的库房腾出，免费为社会服务，同时，他们公司向来追求高质
量。由此推断，Piraccini有社会责任感。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Online training is one of the fastest growing parts of the fitness
industry.If you’re considering joining the online fitness community，
consider these benefits and drawbacks.
One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online
video is that it offers great convenience.No need to roll out of bed at 5
a.m. to attend that 6 a.m. boot camp class， which may end up being
full when you arrive. 8.（ ） And what if you’re on the road？No
problem.You can access your workout video through your phone.
9.（ ） Most online fitness programmes are much less expensive
than similar offline programmes — most range in cost between $10 and
$20 per month.Some are even free.For example， the online Les Mills＋
programme offers a free 30-day trial of its 1，500-plus workouts.
Online training also has broad offerings.When you head online， you
have instructors from around the globe all ready and willing to help you
master your favourite movements.10.（ ） Just because there isn’t
a Krav Maga （以色列近身格斗术） class in your area doesn’t mean
you can’t go online to find one led by qualified instructors.
All these are undoubtedly positive — online training provides fitness
resources to general consumers wherever they are， without requiring
access to a gym or fitness studio.11.（ ）
Very few online fitness programmes enable the instructor to see you，
check your form， and offer corrections based on your performance.12.
（ ） This is particularly concerning for beginners， as they’re more
likely to do incorrectly.Besides， if you struggle with self-motivation and
prefer a social workout environment， online fitness may not be for you.
A. Another is the price.
B. But it’s not without problems.
C. The same goes for different types of exercise.
D. However， online personal training isn’t for everyone.
E. Instead， you can turn it on at home at your convenience.
F. That being said， online workouts aren’t perfect when it comes to
safety.
G. This means you could perform exercises wrongly， or even unsafely，
without knowing it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在线健身训练的利
与弊。
8. E 根据第二段首句可知，本段主要阐述了在线健身训练的优势之
一是便捷；同时根据空前一句可知，设空处应与在线健身训练便利性
的实际体现有关。E项提到的是实际的例子，符合语境。
9. A 根据空后内容可知，本段谈论的是在线健身训练在价格方面的
优势。A项能够概括段落的主要内容，同时A项中的Another与第二段
首句中的One of the most popular reasons相呼应。
10. C 根据第四段首句可知，本段主要谈论的是在线健身训练可以
提供多样的选择。根据空后一句可知，此处应是在讲在网上能获得多
种多样的健身训练。
11. B 根据第一段最后一句可知，文章既介绍了在线健身训练的优
势，也介绍了在线健身训练的劣势。上文内容介绍的是优势，最后一
段介绍的是劣势。因此设空处应是一个承上启下的句子，引出在线健
身训练的不足。
12. G 根据空前一句可知，设空处应是在线健身项目缺乏面对面指
导的结果。G项（这意味着你在不知道的情况下错误训练，甚至不安
全地训练）符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I just returned from India.While driving home from the airport， I
was amazed by how everything in American streets 13 those in
Delhi， a city in northern India.“You can eat off the street here！”I
said.My family looked at me 14 I had gotten off a spaceship rather
than a plane.
During the two years I was away， my friends and family 15
sending texts to each other by phone.After I came back， my phone was
no longer 16 as before， just lighting up with the “ding” sound of a
text， and I felt very 17 .I chose to talk to my friends instead of
texting them.I asked my friends for their 18 as I made an effort
to 19 with them and rebuild our friendships.
While I was on my 20 trips， most of my friends had moved on
with their 21 .We felt disconnected from each other’s
experiences.Just as 22 would always be part of my life， I
understood that raising a family would always be part of theirs.I told them
sometimes I felt 23 because I had been away and wasn’t there for
their 24 events.
Expats （侨民） in Laos say that sometimes， if you stay abroad too
long， you become a permanent （永久的） 25 ， never quite
making it as a local， and never feeling 26 in your home
country.I 27 .If you always travel with a heart beating for your
beloved ones， no matter how long you have been abroad， you will find
satisfaction at home.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经常在国外旅行，文章讲
述了他回到美国后的经历与感受。
13. A. holds back B. leads to
C. differs from D. ends with
解析： 根据本段中的I was amazed by和“You can eat off the
street here！” I said.可知，作者从印度回到美国后，感慨地说
“可以在街上吃饭”。由此推断，作者感到美国的街道与印度德
里的街道不同。
14. A. as if B. even if
C. in case D. every time
解析： 根据I had gotten off a spaceship rather than a plane可知，
作者的家人住在美国，认为作者大惊小怪，像是来自外星。
15. A. took notice of B. looked forward to
C. made fun of D. got used to
解析： 根据下文my phone was no longer 16 as before， just
lighting up with the “ding” sound of a text可知，作者回国后，他
的手机只有短信的“叮叮”声。由此推断，在作者外出旅行的这
两年，他的朋友和家人已经习惯了用手机互发短信，作者回国
后，发现他们不再像他出国前一样给他打电话，他的手机不再有
来电铃声，他感到很孤独。
16. A. ringing B. shaking
C. working D. struggling
解析： 参见上题解析。
17. A. curious B. weak
C. lonely D. lucky
解析： 参见第15题解析。
18. A. description B. understanding
C. expectation D. encouragement
解析： 根据本句中的rebuild our friendships和下段中的We felt
disconnected from each other’s experiences可知，作者出国旅行期
间与朋友们脱节了，回国后请求他们的理解，努力与他们重建联
系，重建友谊。
19. A. practice B. discuss
C. compete D. reconnect
解析： 参见上题解析。
20. A. secret B. international
C. recent D. emergent
解析： 根据第一段中的I just returned from India.可知，作者进
行的是跨国旅行，故本空选international。
21. A. lives B. adventures
C. studies D. vacations
解析： 根据下文I understood that raising a family would always
be part of theirs可知，作者外出旅行时，他的大部分朋友都成家
了，继续他们的生活。
22. A. driving B. teaching
C. travel D. exercise
解析： 根据本段中的While I was on my 20 trips、第一段
中的I just returned from India.和最后一段中的Expats （侨民） in
Laos say可知，作者经常旅行，旅行将永远是他生活的一部分。
23. A. bored B. ashamed
C. doubtful D. nervous
解析： 根据because I had been away and wasn’t there for
their 24 events可知，作者的朋友都成家了，因为作者旅行在
外，没能见证他们的人生大事，所以有时感到内疚。
24. A. popular B. creative
C. similar D. special
解析： 参见上题解析。
25. A. foreigner B. listener
C. reporter D. passenger
解析： 根据本段中的never quite making it as a local和you will
find satisfaction at home可知，住在老挝的侨民说，有时候，如果
你在国外待得太久，你就会成为一个永久的异乡人，既当不成真
正的本地人，也不会在祖国待得很满意。
26. A. free B. surprised
C. satisfied D. safe
解析： 参见上题解析。
27. A. admit B. forget
C. promise D. disagree
解析： 根据下文可知，作者认为，如果你在旅行的时候总是
心系所爱，那么不管你在国外待了多久，你都会在国内找到心满
意足的感觉。由此推断，作者并不认同老挝侨民的看法。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Never Say Never， the second directorial work of actor-turned-film-
maker Wang Baoqiang， 28. （official） hit theaters in the
Chinese mainland on 6 July 2023.
29. （adapt） from real-life events， the movie tells
the story of a group of orphans （孤儿） who 30. （take）
in by a martial arts coach （played by Wang）.The coach，
31. own dream of becoming a fighting champion was
broken， teaches the orphans about martial arts.Through sports
competitions， he aims to provide them with a chance for
32. better life.
“This is a story about 33. （seek） a way out，”
said Wang， who began to study martial arts at age 6.“Movies are my
way out， and movies have given value and meaning to my life.”
Wang is known 34. his comedy Lost in Thailand
（2012） and his role in the film series Detective Chinatown.However，
before becoming a 35. （success） actor， he worked as a
laborer （劳工）.Referring to the 36. （child） he
worked with in Never Say Never， he said， “I seemed to see my former
self in them.”
“Wang Baoqiang has deep empathy （同理心） for the working
class and vulnerable （弱势的） groups ... This movie allows us to
understand deeply how some people must try their best just
37. （live），” one viewer wrote on Douban.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了王宝强执导的电影
《八角笼中》。
28. officially 考查词形转换。设空处作状语，修饰动词hit， 表示
“正式地”，故填副词officially。
29. Adapted 考查非谓语动词。设空处所在部分作状语，且adapt与
the movie之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动词-ed形式，又因本空位于
句首，故填Adapted。
30. are taken 考查动词的时态和语态。设空处是对电影故事情节的
简介，应用一般现在时，又因主语who（指代先行词orphans）与take
之间是被动关系，故填are taken。take sb in收留某人。
31. whose 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句
中作定语，表示“他的”，故填whose。
32. a 考查冠词。根据语境可知，设空处所在部分表示“一种更好的
生活，”此处是泛指，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
33. seeking 考查非谓语动词。设空处作介词about的宾语，应用动词
-ing形式，故填seeking。
34. for 考查介词。be known for ...因……而众所周知。
35. successful 考查词形转换。设空处作定语，修饰名词actor，表示
“成功的”，故填形容词successful。
36. children 考查名词复数。根据第二段中的the movie tells the story
of a group of orphans及本空后的in them可知，这部电影中的儿童演员
不止一个，设空处应为表示复数意义的名词，故填children。
37. to live 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth 某人尽力
做某事。
谢谢观看！
