初中英语五大题型解题方法梳理——补全短文

人教版初中九年级英语五大题型解题方法梳理
【补全短文】
（一）题型特点
- 题目要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的A—F选项中选出5个适当的选项补全短文。
- 考查方向（3个）：
1. 对学生把握选项中关键信息能力的考查。
2. 对学生句意理解能力的考查。
3. 对学生定位关键信息能力及判断语篇中句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系能力的考查。
答题时需保证所填选项符合上下文语境。
真题展示
As time goes by, are you still the same person you were Many of you would think you are. _1_ You could be a completely different person when you get old. ...
选项：
A. They tested six basic personality traits(个性特征).
B. Then they compared(比较) the then-and-now test results.
C. They wanted to know if people’s personality was unchangeable(不变的).
D. But according to a new study, your personality can change greatly.
E. The younger and older self seemed to be totally different for each person.
F. The research(研究) found almost everyone’s personality changed when they grew old.
思路导航
1. 理解上下文句意：“随着时间的流逝，你还是曾经的那个自己吗？你们很多人会认为你还是以前的自己。当你年龄大一点儿，你可能是一个完全不同的人。”
2. 根据上下文逻辑，此空的前后两句句意明显相反，说明此空发生了转折，因此可从6个选项中选出 D选项。
（二）名师点拨
- 解题步骤（2步）：
1. 精读选项：理解句意，并且找出主语及复现信息（即重复出现的信息）。
复现信息包括：
- 名词及名词性短语；
- 指代词（人称代词、指示代词等）；
- 逻辑信息（大小写、时态、标点符号、连词、连接词、also/too、here/there/then等逻辑词）。
2. 泛读文章：利用“跳读法”，找出空格前后主语及复现信息的位置，并结合空格前后句子的句意来确定选项，使其符合上下文逻辑。
真题精选
Do you know that in some parts of the world, people build hotels made of snow and ice _1_
_2_ In some ice hotels, even the glasses for drinks are made of ice blocks(大块). _3_ Also, hot food is not served in the ice hotels, but guests can eat hot food at places nearby.
To keep warm, guests sleep in comfortable(舒适的) sleeping bags on ice. _4_ This is because though it is not as cold in the ice hotels as it is outdoors, indoor temperatures(温度) are still very low.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the ice hotels is that they are rebuilt every year. _5_ The ice hotels melt(融化) away when spring arrives. The ice blocks used to build these hotels are from nearby rivers. So, when the ice hotels melt away, they melt back into the rivers.
选项：
A. These are called ice hotels.
B. So they only serve(提供) cold drinks.
C. It is very expensive to live in an ice hotel.
D. They can be used only during the winter months.
E. Unlike usual hotels, all the rooms in the ice hotels are made of ice.
F. There are some places in the ice hotels that are warm, such as the bathrooms.
名师点拨
1. _A_：
根据空格前的句意“在世界上的一些地方，人们用冰雪来修建酒店，你知道吗？”，说明是在对冰雪酒店做整体介绍，符合这个的选项是A。A选项的主语“These”指代的内容就是前文的“hotels made of snow and ice”。
2. _E_：
根据空格后的句意“在一些冰雪酒店里，甚至装饮料的杯子都是由冰块做成的”，说明在介绍冰雪酒店是由什么建造而成的，符合这个的选项是E。
3. _B_：
根据空格前的句意“在一些冰雪酒店里，甚至装饮料的杯子都是由冰块做成的”及下文“同样，冰雪酒店也不提供热食……”可知，冰雪酒店里只提供冷饮，故选B选项。
4. _F_：
根据空格后的句意“这是因为虽然在冰雪酒店里不如在外面冷，但是室内的温度依然很低”，我们需要找到“这”代指的内容，结合选项得出答案为F。“这”是指“冰雪酒店里还是有温暖的地方”。
5. _D_：
根据空格后的句意“当春天到来时，这些冰雪酒店就会融化掉”，说明这些酒店只有冬天才有，故选D选项。
（三）实战演练
Chocolate is popular all over the world. Made from a special bean, chocolate comes in different colours and sizes. Of them, white, dark and milk chocolate are people’s favourites.
Do you like it _1_ A new study shows eating 10 grams(克) of chocolate three times a day can make you feel happier.
Scientists at Seoul National University did the study. _2_ Every day for three weeks, the first group ate no chocolate at all (no chocolate group); the second group ate 30 grams of 85 percent dark chocolate (85 percent group); and the third group ate 30 grams of 70 percent dark chocolate (70 percent group). _3_ Scientists found more Blautia in their bodies. Blautia is a kind of bacterium(细菌). _4_
Although milk chocolate can do the same thing, it is bad for your health. _5_ Next time, if you feel terrible, try 85 percent dark chocolate. But remember not to eat too much at a time.
选项：
A. It has more sugar and fat.
B. It helps make people feel good.
C. They put 36 healthy people into three groups.
D. If you do, here’s a good reason why you should keep it!
E. However, many people think it’s unhealthy to eat too much chocolate.
F. The results showed people from the 85 percent group were the happiest.