初中英语五大题型解题方法梳理—短文填空

人教版初中九年级英语五大题型解题方法梳理
【短文填空 】
（一）题型特点
- 题目要求：从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。
- 考查方向（3个）：
1. 对学生词汇及其拓展能力的考查（包括基本词汇及词性和词形的变化）。
2. 对学生英语短文阅读理解能力的考查。
3. 对学生基本语法能力的考查。
- 答题提示：答题时既要选对词，使其符合上下文语境，又要保证所填单词的语法形式正确。
真题展示
方框单词：art, choose, either, get, important, lose, old, parent, popular, talk, teach, them
… Is using computers really more important than talking to others and any other things This problem is becoming more and more serious because of the __5__ of computers and mobile phones. Not playing with other children, more and more children are choosing to stay indoors and quietly play on a computer on weekends and vacations.
思路导航
1. 根据短文含义 “……使用电脑真的比与别人交谈和其他任何事情都更重要吗？由于电脑和手机的 ______，这个问题变得越来越严重了……”，此空想表达的语义是 “普及/流行”，再根据12个单词的提示，选出单词 “popular”。
2. 需再分析所填词的形式，此空前面的 “because of” 短语中 “of” 是介词，其后加名词或具有名词属性的词，所以此空该填 “popular” 的名词形式，即 “popularity”。
（二）名师点拨
解题步骤（3步）
1. 读12个单词，确定它们的三个方面：(1) 词义；(2) 词性及其转换；(3) 词形及其转换。
2. 读短文，确定两个方面：
- (1) 根据短文文意和上下文语境确定所填空的语义，然后从12个单词中选择对应语义的单词。（选对词）
- (2) 分析句子语法结构确定所填单词的词性及词形。（填对词）
3. 检查。注意拼写，切勿填错位。
真题精选
方框单词：all, because, come, decide, everyone, finish, first, get, month, ride, there, with
James looked at his money box again. $24 was all that he had. The bicycle he wanted was $90! How was he going to get enough money
He knew that his friends __1__ had bicycles. It was hard to hang around(闲荡) with people when you were the only __2__ without wheels. He thought about what he could do. There was no need to ask his parents, for he knew that they had no money. There was only one way __3__ money. He would have to find a job.
He __4__ to ask Mr Clay for advice(建议), who usually had answers to most things. “Well, you can start right here,” said Mr Clay. “My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.” That was a start of James' odd - job(零工) business. For three __5__, he worked every day after __6__ his homework. He took dogs and babies for walks, cleaned up windows, and mended bikes. __7__ more and more money, he knew that he would soon have enough for the bicycle he wanted.
The day finally __8__. He went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle. He __9__ it home, trying to show his new bicycle to his friends. It was hard working for the money, but James was very happy, __10__ he had bought it with his own money. He had done what he thought was impossible, and that was even more wonderful than the bicycle.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
6._____ 7._____ 8._____ 9._____ 10._____
名师点拨（续）
【词汇点拨】
词汇及词性 （词性及）词形变化 词汇及词性 （词性及）词形变化 词汇及词性 （词性及）词形变化
all (pron.) none because (conj.) - come (v.) -
decide (v.) (n.) decision everyone (pron.) someone/anyone/no one finish (v.) -
first (num./adv.) (num./pron.) one
(adv.) firstly
(adv./conj.) once get (v.) - month (n.) (adj.) monthly
ride (v./n.) (n.) rider there (adv.) here with (prep.) without
1. all
根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“他知道他的朋友们 ______ 拥有自行车了。当你是唯一的 ______ 没有自行车的人，你就很难和人们一起结伴出行。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处应填 “all(都) ”。
2. one
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“他知道他的朋友们都拥有自行车了。当你是唯一的 ______ 没有自行车的人，你就很难和人们一起结伴出行。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处应填 “一个”，从中选择 “first”。
(2) 结合所给词以及空格处的语法结构可知，此处需要将 “first” 变成 “one”，用作代词，故填 “one”。
3. to get
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“没有必要问父母要，因为他知道他们没有钱。只有一种方式 ______ 钱。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词可知，此处该选 “get(得到) ”。
(2) 结合所给词以及空格处的语法结构可知，此处考查不定式作定语，故填 “to get”。
4. decided
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“他 ______ 去向通常知道大部分事情答案的 Mr Clay 寻求建议。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该选 “decide(决定) ”。
(2) 分析句子成分，此处缺谓语，要考虑时态，上下文都使用的是一般过去时，说明此处也表达的是过去发生的事，该使用一般过去时，故填 “decided”。
5. months
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“连续三个 ______，他……” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该选 “month”。
(2) “month” 是可数名词，空格前有数词 three，故填名词复数 “months”。
6. finishing
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“连续三个月，他每天在他 ______ 作业之后工作。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该选 “finish”。
(2) “after” 是介词，其后应使用动名词，故填 “finishing”。
7. With
根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“______ 越来越多的钱，他知道不久他将会拥有足够的钱买他想要的自行车了。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该选 “with(具有) ”。注意句首单词要大写首字母。
8. came
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“那一天最终 ______ 了。他去商店提了那辆自行车。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该选 “come (到来) ”。
(2) 分析句子成分，此处缺谓语，要考虑时态，上下文都使用的是一般过去时，说明此处也表达的是过去发生的事，应使用一般过去时，故填 “came”。
9. rode
(1) 根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“他 ______ 它回了家，试图向他的朋友们展示他的新自行车。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该选 “ride(骑) ”。
(2) 分析句子成分，此处缺谓语，要考虑时态，上下文都使用的是一般过去时，说明此处也表达的是过去发生的事，应使用一般过去时，故填 “rode”。
10. because
根据上下文逻辑得知句意：“工作赚钱很辛苦，但是詹姆斯很开心，______ 他已经用自己挣的钱买了自行车。” 根据句意，结合所给的12个单词，确定此处该填 “because (因为) ”。
（三）实战演练
方框单词：although, be, decide, enjoy, good, housework, much, old, parent, sad, still, three
This is an interesting story. My mum once told me that after I learned to say “Mama” and “Dada”, my __1__ word was “no”. __2__, I used that word too often as a boy. I didn’t want to clean my room. I didn’t want to work in the garden, either. It’s more interesting for me to read books than to help my mum and grandma with the __3__. In other words, I was a bit of a brat(顽童). __4__ the youngest of three sons, I probably said “no” a lot more than I should have.
As I grew up, I began to say “yes” a lot more. I can remember making the bed and cleaning the floor. I thought it was really __5__ to help my mother and father. I can remember studying hard to get good grades in school and the happiness in my __6__ eyes when I got into college. __7__ saying “no” can sometimes make me feel comfortable, saying “yes” does bring more happiness into my life.
Even now, I am learning when to say “no”. I __8__ often say “yes”. My only advice to you is to make a right __9__ to life. Say “yes” to love. Say “yes” to helping others and making this world a __10__ place than before. “Yes” may only be a word, but it can change your life.
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
6._____ 7._____ 8._____ 9._____ 10._____