Unit 6 At one with nature Starting out & Understanding ideas
梯度分层
基础巩固：课堂衔接，回归教材，夯实根本
拔高提升：进阶训练，聚焦核心，提炼重难
思维拓展：情景构建，素养提升，高阶训练
（一）英译汉
wrap ________________
sheet ________________
frost ________________
dynasty ________________
region ________________
therefore ________________
soil ________________
shallow ________________
prevent ________________
harmony ________________
design ________________
harm ________________
crop ________________
agriculture ________________
（二）汉译英
adj. 浅的 ________________
n. 庄稼，作物 ________________
n. 朝代 ________________
n. 霜 ________________
v. 阻挡，防止 ________________
v. 伤害，损害 ________________
n. 农业 ________________
adv. 因此，由此 ________________
n. 地区，区域 ________________
v. 包，裹 ________________
n. 土壤 ________________
v. 设计 ________________
n. 融洽相处，和谐
________________
n.（冰或水等的）一大片
________________
1._______ (design) for beginners, the dictionaries were quickly sold out.
2.The exhibition is well worth visiting and you can see fancy vases (花瓶) of different _______ (dynasty) on show there.
3.Only by making great efforts _______ (prevent) pollution can the problem be solved.
4.People have worked in _______ (harmonious) with nature.
5.He is expert at _______ (wrap) books in beautiful plastic paper.
6.Thanks to the _______ (agriculture) development, farmers are leading a happy life.
7.Air pollution will get worse and this will be _______ (harm) to people and animals.
8.Pick up one of our free information _______ (sheet) at reception.
9.It's natural to hold your breath or breathe _______ (shallow) as a response to fear.
10.Under pressure from the public, many _______ (region) governments cleaned up their beaches.
（一）完形填空
Last month, Dongxiang County in Gansu Province was officially removed from the “List of Poorest Counties in China”.
Landlocked in China’s northwest, Dongxiang County is 1 to 256,828 Dongxiang people, one of China’s 55 ethnic (民族的) minorities. In 2013, nearly a third of its 2 was still living under the absolute poverty line.
So, how did they do it
Most of Dongxiang people are 3 who grow wheat and potatoes. Then it is 4 that anti-poverty projects the county often 5 food.
The potatoes here are 6 . Dongxiang people have many ways of 7 potatoes for the table, including spicy potato slices, sour potato rolls, whole potatoes 8 under a bed of hot rocks, and even potato noodles. Now these potato 9 are sold all over China.
Fan Chenyang, who works in the Dongxiang potato industry, said that one of the 10 ways potatoes helped lift the area out of poverty was through education and 11 . It includes topics like latest planting methods and disease 12 . “These sessions have helped a lot in 13 both the quality and quantity of the potatoes being produced here,” he said.
Dongxiang County is also famous for its 14 . Five years ago, Mada Wude, who left at the age of 17 in order to raise sheep in other areas of northwest China, was encouraged to 15 to his county to set up company, which is now taking care of around 1,800 sheep owned by 25 families in his village. Over the five years, he has helped the villagers raise more and better lambs. The profit is distributed to the participating families. The sheep there are given organic food and monitored continuously by AI systems. Therefore, consumers all over China can eat with peace of mind.
1. A. witness B. access C. home D. entry
2. A. crew B. population C. police D. children
3. A. farmers B. fishermen C. singers D. hunters
4. A. unbelievable B. acceptable C. avoidable D. understandable
5. A. center on B. apply for C. give up D. suffer from
6. A. small B. sweet C. famous D. expensive
7. A. cleaning B. cutting C. planting D. preparing
8. A. rotten B. baked C. fried D. hidden
9. A. rocks B. products C. chips D. tools
10. A. wrong B. different C. main D. tough
11. A. training B. exhibition C. festival D. export
12. A. damage B. development C. spread D. prevention
13. A. reducing B. meeting C. improving D. judging
14. A. lamb B. architecture C. dancing D. rice
15. A. appeal B. return C. decline D. stop
（二）短文填空
The rice-fish farming system in Xiaoshan is not only benefiting the environment but also local residents.
Wu Minghao, a Xiaoshan native ①_______ tried out the co-farming system over a 6.7-hectare area of land last year, said he expected his income ②_______ (increase) by 80,000 yuan this year. According to Wu, crayfish ③_______ (bring) up in rice paddies(稻田)are more popular among consumers as they are environmentally-friendly—the crayfish waste can add natural fertility to the soil ④_______ promote an increase of rice production.
“The lands used to be used only for growing rice and had relatively low ⑤_______ (economy) benefits. The co-farming model has inspired me and I’m planning to apply it to another 26.7-hectare of land in the latter half of the year,” Wu said.
Wang Linhuan, who has been engaged ⑥_______ the aquaculture (水产养殖)industry for over 40 years, is also rolling out co-farming plans on the 134-hectare land. He said he would take ⑦_______ (step)to explore rice-shrimp, rice-turtle, and rice-fish farming models. “We plan to bring in a variety of agricultural, cultural and tourism projects, such as study trips, to ⑧_______ (far) stimulate the vitality of rural development,” Wang said.
As an efficient, profitable, and environmentally-friendly way of farming, Hangzhou has applied it to more than 733 hectares of land. By 2025, the city is expected to realize ⑨_______ average yield(产量)increase of more than 50 kilograms of aquatic products per mu(0.06/ hectare) and more than 500 kg of rice per mu, ⑩_______ (raise) income by more than 2,000 yuan per mu.
答案以及解析
（一）英译汉
v. 包，裹
n.（冰或水等的）一大片
n. 霜
n. 朝代
n. 地区，区域
adv. 因此，由此
n. 土壤
adj. 浅的
v. 阻挡，防止
n. 融洽相处，和谐
v. 设计
v. 伤害，损害
n. 庄稼，作物
n. 农业
（二）汉译英
shallow
crop
dynasty
frost
prevent
harm
agriculture
therefore
region
wrap
soil
design
harmony
sheet
1.答案：Designed
解析：考查过去分词。句意：这些字典是为初学者设计的，很快就卖光了。句中已有谓语动词were sold out，空处为非谓语动词，the dictionaries与design为被动关系，用过去分词做状语，首字母大写。故填Designed。
2.答案：dynasties
解析：考查名词。句意：这个展览很值得参观，在那里你可以看到不同朝代的精美花瓶在展出。可数名词dynasty(朝代)作宾语，有形容词different修饰，用复数形式dynasties。故填dynasties。
3.答案：to prevent
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：只有努力防止污染，这个问题才能得到解决。此处为短语make great efforts to do sth.表示“努力做某事”，应填不定式。故填to prevent。
4.答案：harmony
解析：考查名词。句意：人们与自然和谐相处。根据句意和空格前的介词in可知，空格处应该用名词harmony作介词in的宾语，in harmony with“与……和谐一致”是固定搭配。故填harmony。
5.答案：wrapping
解析：考查动名词。句意：他擅长用漂亮的塑料纸包书。设空处置于介词at之后，应使用动名词形式作宾语。故填wrapping。
6.答案：agricultural
解析：考查形容词。句意：由于农业的发展，农民过上了幸福的生活。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词development，agriculture的形容词agricultural“农业的”符合句意。故填agricultural。
7.答案：harmful
解析：考查形容词。句意：空气污染将变得更严重，这将对人和动物有害。be harmful to (对……有危害)，形容词harmful作表语。故填harmful。
8.答案：sheets
解析：考查名词的数。句意：在前台领取我们的免费信息表。被one of修饰，可数名词sheet“一页纸”应用复数形式。故填sheets。
9.答案：shallowly
解析：考查副词。句意：屏住呼吸或浅呼吸是对恐惧的自然反应。设空处在句中作状语，修饰动词breathe，此处应填副词shallowly。故填shallowly。
10.答案：regional
解析：考查形容词。句意：在公众的压力下，许多地区政府清理了海滩。空处应用形容词，作定语修饰governments。regional意为“地区的，区域的”。故填regional。
（一）完形填空
答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了地处西北内陆的东乡族自治县是如何依靠优势作物，闯出一条脱贫致富之路的。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：东乡族自治县位于中国西北内陆，是256.828名东乡人的家乡，东乡族是中国55个少数民族之一。A. witness 目击者；B. access 入口；C. home 生息地，家乡；D. entry 进入。根据 “Dongxiang County”和“256,828 Dongxiang people”的关系可知，东乡族自治县是东乡人的“家乡”。故选C项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：2013年，仍有近三分之一的东乡族自治县人口生活在绝对贫困线以下。 A. crew 全体船员；B. population 人口；C. police 警察；D. children 孩子们。根据句中“living under the absolute poverty line”可知，句中说的是三分之一的东乡族自治县“人口”生活在绝对贫困线以下。故选B项。
3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数东乡人是种植小麦和土豆的农民。A. farmers 农民；B. fishermen 渔夫；C. singers 歌手；D. hunters 猎人。根据“ who grow wheat and potatoes”可知，大多数东乡人是“农民”。故选A项。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，县里的扶贫项目往往以粮食为中心就可以理解了。 A. unbelievable 难以置信的；B. acceptable 可接受的；C. avoidable 可避免的；D. understandable 可以理解的。根据上文“grow wheat and potatoes”可知，大多数东乡人是农民，所以东乡族自治县的扶贫项目以粮食为中心是“可以理解的”。故选D项。
5.考查动词词组辨析。句意：同上。A. center on 集中，着重于；B. apply for 申请；C. give up 放弃；D. suffer from 遭受。由前文“grow wheat and potatoes”可知，因为大多数是农民，所以扶贫项目应是着重于粮食方面。故选A项。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里的土豆很有名。A. small少的；B. sweet甜的；C. famous出名的；D. expensive 昂贵的。根据下文“Now these potato 9 are sold all over China.”可知，东乡土豆很有名。故选C项。
7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：东乡人有很多种为餐桌准备土豆的方法，包括辣土豆片、酸土豆卷、在热石头床下烤的全土豆，甚至土豆面。 A . cleaning 清理；B. cutting 切；C. planting 种植；D. preparing 准备。由后文“spicy potato slices, sour potato rolls”可知，这里主要讲土豆不同“准备或者做”的方式。故选D项。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A . rotten 腐烂；B. baked 烤；C. fried 油炸；D. hidden 隐藏。由后文“ under a bed of hot rocks”可知，应该是“烤”土豆。故选B项。
9.考查名词词义辨析，句意：现在这些土豆制品在中国各地都有销售。A. rocks 岩石；B. products 产品；C. chips 炸土豆条；D. tools 工具。根据句中“are sold all over China”可知，东乡土豆“产品”卖到世界各地。故选B项。
10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在东乡土豆行业工作的范晨阳表示，土豆帮助该地区脱贫的主要方式之一是通过教育和培训。A. wrong 错误的；B. different 不同的；C. main 主要的；D. tough 坚韧的。结合句中“one of”、“ways”和“through education ”可推知，教育和培训是帮助该地区脱贫的“主要”方式之一。故选C项。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在东乡土豆行业工作的范晨阳表示，土豆帮助该地区脱贫的主要方式之一是通过教育和培训。 A. training 培训；B. exhibition 展览；C. festival 节日；D. export 出口。根据句中“helped lift the area out of poverty” 和空格前并列名词“education”可推知，教育和“培训”是帮助脱贫的主要方式。故选A项。
12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：它包括最新的种植方法和疾病预防等主题。 A. damage 损坏；B. development 发展；C. spread 扩散；D. prevention 预防。结合常识和空格前“disease”可知，与土豆相关的教育和培训应包括最新的种植方法和疾病“预防”。故选D项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些会议大大提高了这里生产的土豆的质量和数量。 A. reducing 减少；B. meeting 会面；C. improving 提高；D. judging 判断。由前文“ latest planting methods and disease 12 ”可知，最新的种植方法和疾病预防会提高土豆的质量和数量。故选C项。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：东乡族自治县的羔羊也很有名。 A. lamb 羔羊；B. architecture 建筑；C. dancing 跳舞；D. rice 米饭。根据下文“was encouraged to 15 to his county to set up company, which is now taking care of around 1,800 sheep owned by 25 families in his village.”可知，东乡族自治县还养羊，所以“羔羊”也很出名。故选A项。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：五年前，17岁时离家到中国西北其他地区放羊的玛达乌德被鼓励回到县里创办了一家公司，现在照看着村里25户人家的约1800只羊。 A. appeal 呼吁；B. return 回来；C. decline 下降；D. stop 停止。根据上文“who left at the age of 17 in order to raise sheep in other areas of northwest China”可知，玛达乌德17岁时离开了东乡族自治县，所以现在县里鼓励他回家乡养羊。故选 B 项。
（二）短文填空
答案：who/that to increase brought and economic in steps further an raising
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了萧山的稻鱼养殖系统。
①考查定语从句。句意：萧山本地人吴明浩去年在6.7公顷的土地上尝试了这种联合耕作系统，他说他预计今年的收入将增加8万元。句中先行词为Wu Minghao，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：萧山本地人吴明浩去年在6.7公顷的土地上尝试了这种联合耕作系统，他说他预计今年的收入将增加8万元。expect…to…预期……。故填to increase。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：吴明浩表示，在稻田里养大的小龙虾更受消费者的欢迎，因为它们是环保的——小龙虾的排泄物可以增加土壤的自然肥力，促进水稻产量的增加。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词crayfish与bring之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填brought。
④考查连词。句意：吴明浩表示，在稻田里养大的小龙虾更受消费者的欢迎，因为它们是环保的——小龙虾的排泄物可以增加土壤的自然肥力，促进水稻产量的增加。前后句之间为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
⑤考查形容词。句意：这些土地过去只用于种植水稻，经济效益相对较低。名词benefits前用形容词修饰。故填economic。
⑥考查介词。句意：从事水产养殖40多年的王林欢也在这片134公顷的土地上推出了合作养殖计划。be engaged in忙于……；致力于……。故填in。
⑦考查名词的数。句意：他说，他将采取措施探索稻虾、稻龟和稻鱼的养殖模式。take steps to采取措施。故填steps。
⑧考查副词。句意：王说：“我们计划引入各种农业、文化和旅游项目，如游学，以进一步激发农村发展的活力。”修饰动词stimulate，用副词形式。故填further。
⑨考查冠词。句意：到2025年，全市预计实现水产亩产平均增产50公斤以上（0.06/公顷），水稻亩产平均增产500公斤以上，亩产增收2000元以上。名词increase为可数名词，泛指，且形容词average发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：到2025年，全市预计实现水产亩产平均增产50公斤以上（0.06/公顷），水稻亩产平均增产500公斤以上，亩产增收2000元以上。表示自然而然带来的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填raising。Unit 6 At one with nature Using Language
梯度分层
基础巩固：课堂衔接，回归教材，夯实根本
拔高提升：进阶训练，聚焦核心，提炼重难
思维拓展：情景构建，素养提升，高阶训练
（一）英译汉
replace ________________
material ________________
mineral ________________
consumer ________________
priority ________________
beauty ________________
barrier ________________
structure ________________
living ________________
basin ________________
grand ________________
valley ________________
narrow ________________
platform ________________
thunder ________________
channel ________________
camel ________________
desert ________________
sail ________________
climate ________________
inside ________________
（二）汉译英
v.（乘船）航行 ________________
n. 材料 ________________
adj. 狭窄的，不宽的
________________
n. 气候 ________________
n. 骆驼 ________________
n. 优先处理的事，当务之急
________________
n. 结构，构造，组织
________________
adv. 在（建筑物、房间）内
________________
n. 障碍，壁垒 ________________
n. 盆地，低洼地 ________________
v. 以…… 替换，更换
________________
v. 打雷 ________________
adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的
________________
n. 沙漠，荒漠 ________________
adj. 活的，活着的
________________
n. 消费者 ________________
n. 美，美丽 ________________
n. 矿物，矿产 ________________
n. 谷，山谷 ________________
n. 高台，平台 ________________
n. 海峡 ________________
（三）语法检测
定语从句（3）
一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句时可被“介词+关系代词”代替。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不可用that或who。先行词指物时用1._______，先行词指人时用2._______。
1. “介词 +which”可以替代关系副词 when, where, why
（1）替代when
（2）替代why
2. 依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词
3. 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词
4. 根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词
除了“介词+which”以外，如果定语从句的先行词是“人”，那么也可以用“介词+whom”引导定语从句。
5. “介词 + 关系代词”的其他表达法
（1）如果在whom和which 之前用of 表示所属关系(即of whom, of which表示所属关系)，这时名词需要3._______，应加4._______，该名词放在of whom, of which 之前或之后均可。
（2）在whom和which之前用of还可以表示部分与整体的关系。这时表示“5._______”的数词或代词,放在of whom, of which之前或之后均可。
二、特殊结构的定语从句
除了限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句外，还有一些其他形式的定语从句。这些定语从句在实际运用过程中具有较强的灵活性，因此其结构也较为复杂。
1. 嵌入式定语从句
“嵌入式”，相当于在定语从句前加了一个“主谓句”(位置在关系词之后)，让定语从句作其6._______。
2. 并列式定语从句
“并列式”，是两个或以上的定语从句相互并列，中间由7._______连接，共同修饰一个先行词，相互之间不包含、不修饰、不重叠。
3. 多重式定语从句
“多重式”是两个定语从句按先后顺序和不同层次修饰先行词，即两个定语从句的谓语表示的动作发生的时间有先有后，其中一个包含另一个。第二个定语从句的关系代词8._______省略，中间不能用and连接。
4. 省略式定语从句
在含将来意义的定语从句中，我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分(主要是情态动词和助动词)，而代之以“介词+关系代词+不定式”。
5. 分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在被它所修饰的先行词9._______：但有时候它和先行词之间插入其他成分，使得它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作分隔式定语从句。
（1）先行词与定语从句被一个状语分隔。
（2）先行词与定语从句被另一个定语分隔。
（3）先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔。
此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子结构平衡，常将定语从句移至10._______之后。
1.The teacher about _______ we talked just now is from England.
2.You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in _______ a house can burn up as it burns down.
3.After two months in America, Tian Hua made some friends with _______ she explored the city.
4.The book _______ which we had a discussion yesterday is very interesting.
5.Scientists are still trying to determine the extent _______ which climate change will impact coastal communities in the next decade.
6.He learned the value and _______ (beautiful) of nature there from a very young age.
7. (consume) can buy cars from websites without ever going for a test drive.
8.Thinking about something confusing, he gazed at the horizon, with his eyes _______ (narrow).
9.We must provide good _______ (material) for developing the students’ reading skills.
10.Do you think paper money _______ (replace) by electronic money in the future.
（一）完形填空
The rescue (营救) team from Ocean Conservation Namibia (OCN) is always on the lookout for seals (海豹) in danger. The rescuers 1 together to rescue the entangled (被缠住的) seals, a 2 that requires both speed and cooperation.
These seals, often entangled in various forms of ocean plastic ropes and bags, are a(n) 3 of the growing problem of marine pollution. In this terrible situation, the team’s effort to rescue these animals is anyhow a little 4 . All of the members play an important role in the 5 rescue of the seals.
One day, they 6 a seal pup with a red rope around its neck, making the rescue even more complicated. It was a heartbreaking 7 . The team had to be extra careful to 8 causing further harm. Despite the additional challenge, they managed to 9 the pup, ensuring it was safe and uninjured.
Once freed, the baby seal had a(n) 10 reaction that touched the hearts of the rescuers. Instead of 11 running away, the pup remained in one of the rescuer’s arms, displaying unusual calmness. It was as if the seal understood the care and effort that had 12 its rescue.
This moment of calm interaction was rare and special, showing the connection that can be 13 between humans and animals in danger.
“Seals aren’t 14 and we never encourage unnecessary interaction, but we still 15 human moments like this one very much,” the rescue team explained.
1. A. get B. work C. wait D. talk
2. A. problem B. chance C. task D. design
3. A. challenge B. method C. exchange D. reminder
4. A. hope B. responsibility C. while D. honor
5. A. official B. successful C. public D. confident
6. A. sold B. stopped C. caught D. found
7. A. sight B. flash C. style D. state
8. A. quit B. keep C. mind D. avoid
9. A. return B. calm C. free D. teach
10. A. unique B. suitable C. addicted D. advanced
11. A. quietly B. directly C. formally D. regretfully
12. A. gone into B. made up C. concentrated on D. jumped at
13. A. matched B. applied C. broken D. formed
14. A. enemies B. beasts C. pets D. fishers
15. A. offer B. enjoy C. use D. realize
（二）短文填空
As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays a vital role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. The Amazon River, from ①_______ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in ②_______ (long) — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. Of the 390,000 plant species ③_______ (know) to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. The forest’s different levels support ④_______ unbelievable variety of wildlife. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of ⑤_______ (live) things.
The Amazon rainforest, known as the “lungs of the planet”, is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. ⑥_______ there is one major danger to these ⑦_______ (replace) plants and animals: us. Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of the rainforest ⑧_______ (disappear) due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. With the impact of human activities ⑨_______ (continue) to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becoming longer, we ⑩_______ (leave) with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
答案以及解析
（一）英译汉
v. 以……替换，更换
n. 材料
n. 矿物，矿产
n. 消费者
n. 优先处理的事，当务之急
n. 美，美丽
n. 障碍，壁垒
n. 结构，构造，组织
adj. 活的，活着的
n. 盆地，低洼地
adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的
n. 谷，山谷
adj. 狭窄的，不宽的
n. 高台，平台
v. 打雷
n. 海峡
n. 骆驼
n. 沙漠，荒漠
v.（乘船）航行
n. 气候
adv. 在（建筑物、房间）内
（二）汉译英
sail
material
narrow
climate
camel
priority
structure
inside
barrier
basin
replace
thunder
grand
desert
living
consumer
beauty
mineral
valley
platform
channel
（三）语法检测
which
whom
特指
定冠词
部分
宾语
and或or
不可
之后
谓语
1.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们刚才谈到的那位老师是英国人。空处和空前的about搭配，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The teacher，先行词指人，作介词about的宾语，因此用关系代词whom。故填whom。
2.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：你也不得不感叹一种语言的独特疯狂之处，在这种语言中，一所房子在“burns down(烧毁)”时，也可以说它“burns up(烧尽)”。空处引导定语从句，为“介词 + 关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词为language，指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在美国待了两个月后，Tian Hua交了一些朋友，她和他们一起游览了这座城市。此处是“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，先行词是friends，指人，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom，故填whom。
4.答案：about
解析：考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：我们昨天讨论过的那本书很有趣。分析句子可知，“have a discussion about sth.”是固定短语，意为“关于某事进行讨论”。在这个句子中，“The book”是先行词，which和about构成“介词+which”结构引导定语从句。故填about。
5.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：科学家们仍在试图确定气候变化在未来十年对沿海社区的影响程度。本空考查介词+which引导的限制性定语从句，to some extent“在某种程度上”，which指代先行词extend，故空处应填介词to与其搭配。故填to。
6.答案：beauty
解析：考查名词。句意：他从很小的时候就学会了大自然的价值和美丽。此处作宾语，应用名词beauty“美丽”，不可数。故填beauty。
7.答案：Consumers
解析：考查名词。句意：消费者无需试驾就可以从网上购车。本句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，consume的名词形式是consumer意为“消费者”，根据句意，用复数形式，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Consumers。
8.答案：narrowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：想着什么莫名其妙的事情，他眯起眼睛凝视着地平线。这里为with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语，eyes与 narrow之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。根据句意，故填narrowing。
9.答案：materials
解析：考查名词复数。句意：我们必须为培养学生的阅读技能提供良好的材料。为学生的各种技能提供材料，用名词复数，做宾语。故填materials。
10.答案：will be replaced
解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：你认为纸币将来会被电子货币取代吗？paper money与replace之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“in the future”可知，此处使用一般将来时态的被动语态结构will be replaced。故填will be replaced。
（一）完形填空
答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述纳米比亚海洋保护组织（OCN）的救援队救援海豹的故事。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：救援人员共同努力营救被缠住的海豹，这项任务需要速度和合作。A. get得到；B. work工作；C. wait等待；D. talk谈话。由下文“to rescue the entangled (被缠住的) seals”以及语境可知，这里指救援队一起“工作”营救被缠绕的海豹。故选B项。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：救援人员共同努力营救被缠住的海豹，这项任务需要速度和合作。A. problem问题；B. chance机会；C. task任务；D. design设计。由上文“to rescue the entangled (被缠住的) seals”以及语境可知，这里指救海豹这项“任务”需要速度和合作。故选C项。
3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些海豹经常缠绕在各种形式的海洋塑料绳和袋中，提醒人们海洋污染问题日益严重。A. challenge挑战；B. method方法；C. exchange交换；D. reminder提醒。由上文“various forms of ocean plastic ropes and bags”可知，这些垃圾是对海洋污染问题日益严重的“提醒”。故选D项。
4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种可怕的情况下，救援队营救这些动物的努力无论如何都是一点希望。A. hope希望；B. responsibility责任；C. while一段时间；D. honor荣誉。由上文“the team’s effort to rescue these animals”可知，这里指救援队营救的努力还是有“希望”的，能救回一些海豹。故选A项。
5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有成员在成功营救海豹方面都发挥了重要作用。A. official官方的；B. successful成功的；C. public公共的；D. confident自信的。由上文“All of the members play an important role”可知，这里指一次“成功的”营救中，所有成员都发挥了重要作用。故选B项。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们发现了一只脖子上系着红绳的海豹幼崽，这使得救援变得更加复杂。A. sold卖；B. stopped停止；C. caught抓住；D. found发现。由下文“a seal pup with a red rope around its neck”可知，这里指他们“发现”了一只待救的海豹幼崽。故选D项。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人心碎的景象。A. sight景象；B. flash闪光；C. style风格；D. state状态。由上文“a seal pup with a red rope around its neck”可知，这是一个令人心碎的“景象”。故选A项。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：该团队必须格外小心，以避免造成进一步的伤害。A.quit戒掉；B. keep保持；C. mind介意；D. avoid避免。由上文“The team had to be extra careful”以及语境可知，这里指该团队格外小心来“避免”造成进一步的伤害。故选D项。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临额外的挑战，他们还是设法救出了海豹幼崽，确保了它的安全和不受伤害。A. return归还；B. calm使冷静；C. free使自由；D. teach教授。由下文“ensuring it was safe and uninjured”可知，这里指救援队使海豹“自由”了，即救出了它。故选C项。
10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦被释放，这只小海豹有了独特的反应，触动了救援人员的心。A. unique独特的；B. suitable合适的；C. addicted上瘾的；D. advanced先进的。由下文“the pup remained in one of the rescuer’s arms”可知，海豹对救它的人产生了情感，这很“独特的”。故选A项。
11.考查副词词义辨析。句意：海豹幼崽没有直接逃跑，而是留在救援人员的一只怀里，表现出不同寻常的平静。A. quietly安静地；B. directly直接地；C. formally正式地；D. regretfully遗憾地。由下文“the pup remained in one of the rescuer’s arms”可知，这里海豹没有“直接”逃跑，而是留在救援人员的一只怀里。故选B项。
12.考查动词短语辨析。句意：海豹似乎理解了为营救它所付出的关心和努力。A. gone into进入，被用在；B. made up组成；C. concentrated on专注于；D. jumped at急于接受。由上文“the care and effort”可知，这里指海豹好像理解“被用在”救它的努力和关心。故选A项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一平静的互动时刻是罕见而特殊的，展示了人类和处于危险中的动物之间可能形成的联系。A. matched匹配；B. applied申请；C. broken打破；D. formed形成。由下文“between humans and animals in danger”以及语境可知，海豹和营救队员的互动展示了人类和动物之间可能“形成”的联系。故选D项。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：救援队解释说：“海豹不是宠物，我们从不鼓励不必要的互动，但我们仍然非常享受这样的人类时刻。”A. enemies敌人；B. beasts野兽；C. pets宠物；D. fishers渔民。由下文“we never encourage unnecessary interaction”可知，这里指海豹不是“宠物”，不应该和人类过多接触互动。故选C项。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：救援队解释说：“海豹不是宠物，我们从不鼓励不必要的互动，但我们仍然非常享受这样的人类时刻。”A. offer提供；B. enjoy享受；C. use使用；D. realize实现。由下文“human moments like this one”以及语境可知，这指我们还是很“享受”人类和被救助动物互动的时刻。故选B项。
（二）短文填空
答案：which length known an living Yet/But irreplaceable has disappeared continuing are left
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是亚马逊雨林及其生态重要性、面临的威胁以及由此引发的思考。
①考查定语从句。句意：亚马逊河是热带雨林的名字，它的长度接近6400公里，比长江长大约100公里。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词The Amazon River是亚马逊河，因此空格处用which。故填which。
②考查名词。句意：亚马逊河是热带雨林的名字，它的长度接近6400公里，比长江长大约100公里。空格处用名词作宾语，long的名词是length，是不可数名词，意为“长度”。故填length。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们已知的39万种植物中，有4万多种可以在亚马逊找到。句中谓语是can be found，空格处用非谓语动词，species和know之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填known。
④考查冠词。句意：森林的不同层次孕育着种类繁多的野生动物。variety是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unbelievable是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。故填an。
⑤考查形容词。句意：森林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词things，此处表示“生物”，是living things。故填living。
⑥考查连词。句意：但是，这些不可替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们。由“there is one major danger”可知，句子表示“但是，这些不可替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们”，空格处意为“但是”，用yet/but表转折，位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填Yet/But。
⑦考查形容词。句意：然而，这些不可替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词plants，根据语境可知，句子表示“这些不可替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险”，空格处意为“不可替代的”，形容词是irreplaceable。故填irreplaceable。
⑧考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的50年里，由于农业和畜牧业等人类活动，大约17%的雨林消失了。由“Over the past 50 years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语about 17 percent of the rainforest是不可数名词，因此空格处是has disappeared。故填has disappeared。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：随着人类活动的影响不断增加，面临灭绝危险的物种越来越多，我们面临一个问题：我们能承受得起破坏“地球之肺”吗？此处是with复合结构，rainforest和continue之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作宾语补足语。故填continuing。
⑩考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：随着人类活动的影响不断增加，面临灭绝危险的物种越来越多，我们面临一个问题：我们能承受得起破坏“地球之肺”吗？we和leave之间是逻辑动宾关系，句子描述现在的事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语we是复数，因此空格处是are left。故填are left。Unit 6 At one with nature Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
梯度分层
基础巩固：课堂衔接，回归教材，夯实根本
拔高提升：进阶训练，聚焦核心，提炼重难
思维拓展：情景构建，素养提升，高阶训练
（一）英译汉
publish ________________
green fingers ________________
expert ________________
branch ________________
rent ________________
rooftop ________________
limited ________________
benefit ________________
herb ________________
pleasant ________________
flavour ________________
energy ________________
system ________________
（二）汉译英
n.（用于调味）香草
________________
v. 租用，租借 ________________
高超的种植技能 ________________
adj. 内行的，专家的
________________
n. 屋顶 ________________
adj. 有限的 ________________
n. 好处，益处 ________________
adj. 令人愉快的 ________________
n. 味，味道 ________________
n. 力量，活力 ________________
n. 系统 ________________
v. 出版 ________________
n. 树枝 ________________
1.This yogurt comes in ten different _______ (flavour).
2.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had _______ (limit) resources.
3.The magazine has been popular among teenagers since it _______ (publish) five years ago.
4.A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook its _______ (branch) so that the fruit fell down.
5.She realised that one of the greatest _______ (benefit) of the Internet was to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
6.The fact is that a balanced diet can keep us _______ (energy) every day.
7.When we are on vacation, _______ (rent) a bike is a great way to explore a new city.
8.According to many _______ (expert), organising your work or studies can help stop stress and tension.
9.The most _______ (pleasure) thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.
10.His success was almost entirely due to his _______ (system) hard work.
（一）完形填空
There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were taking over and the hedges (树篱) 1 needed to be cut back. It looked very terrible. 2 when the neighbors saw their gardens, they just looked at each other and laughed.
It seemed too hard to clear all the gardens and no one could be 3 to make them better because everyone’s garden was equally 4 . No one felt it was urgent to change anything. Then a gardener named Bill 5 in the small town. Bill was a 6 , hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he moved in the street. He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the 7 . Finally, he took up his gardening and started 8 his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. It was a huge project but his hard work 9 and his garden looked inviting.
10 by the beautiful scenery, the neighbors walked by and admired the 11 manicured (修整的) garden. Before long, something 12 happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more effort in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was transformed from a dirty, 13 collection of houses to a beautiful street that wouldn’t be out of place in a stylish magazine.
One person’s action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little hard work. It’s easy for us to 14 the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only benefits yourself, but also 15 a change to the whole world.
1. A. slightly B. desperately C. barely D. previously
2. A. And B. So C. But D. For
3. A. taken B. bothered C. cooperated D. devoted
4. A. tidy B. delicate C. familiar D. awful
5. A. handed B. stepped C. dominated D. settled
6. A. proud B. distracted C. neat D. selfless
7. A. weeds B. trees C. soil D. plants
8. A. planting B. picking C. watering D. shaping
9. A. took over B. paid off C. turned down D. gave away
10. A. Defeated B. Obsessed C. Enlarged D. Confused
11. A. occasionally B. legally C. newly D. carelessly
12. A. incredible B. unique C. horrible D. unmotivated
13. A. intense B. unappealing C. recognised D. optional
14. A. observe B. mind C. ignore D. pollute
15. A. results in B. figures out C. makes up D. takes in
（二）短文填空
Traditionally, it has been assumed that planting food ①_______ (lead) to a loss of biodiversity (生物多样化) and negative impacts on an ecosystem. A new study from researchers at large numbers of ②_______ (university) challenges this assumption, ③_______ (show) that community gardens and urban farms positively affect biodiversity, local ecosystems and the well- being of humans.
The study, ④_______ (publish) in Ecology Letters, looked into 28 urban community gardens across California over five years and quantified(量化) biodiversity in plant and animal life, as well as ecosystem functions such ⑤_______ food production and human well- being.
“We wanted ⑥_______ (determine) if there were any trade-offs in terms of biodiversity or impacts on ecosystem function,” said Shalene Jha, ⑦_______ informal professor. “We found that these gardens, which are providing rich resources and increasing well- being for gardeners, are also supporting ⑧_______ (extreme) high levels of plant and animal biodiversity. It's a win- win.”
“It’s estimated that by 2030, about 60% of the world’s population will live in cities,” Jha said. “And urban farms and gardens currently provide about 15% — 20% of ⑨_______ (we) food supply, so they are important in addressing food challenges. ⑩_______ we’re seeing is that urban gardens present an important opportunity to support biodiversity and local food production.”
答案以及解析
（一）英译汉
v. 出版
高超的种植技能
adj. 内行的，专家的
n. 树枝
v. 租用，租借
n. 屋顶
adj. 有限的
n. 好处，益处
n.（用于调味）香草
adj. 令人愉快的
n. 味，味道
n. 力量，活力
n. 系统
（二）汉译英
herb
rent
green fingers
expert
rooftop
limited
benefit
pleasant
flavour
energy
system
publish
branch
1.答案：flavours
解析：考查名词的数。句意：这种酸奶有十种口味。由ten可知，此处应用名词复数形式flavours，在句中作宾语，故填flavours。
2.答案：limited
解析：考查形容词。句意：这之所以困难是因为这个团队资源有限。limited在句中作定语修饰resources，需用形容词形式，表示“有限的”。故填limited。
3.答案：was published
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：这本杂志自五年前出版以来，在青少年中一直很受欢迎。空处为从句的谓语动词。根据时间状语five years ago可知，从句谓语动词应使用一般过去时；又因主语it（指代magazine）与publish之间为被动关系，故应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was published。
4.答案：branches
解析：考查名词复数。句意：一个小男孩爬上苹果树，摇晃着它的树枝，让苹果掉了下来。branch，意为 “树枝”，为可数名词。根据语境，男孩摇晃的是苹果树的多个树枝，所以这里应用复数形式作宾语。故填branches。
5.答案：benefits
解析：考查名词。句意：她意识到互联网最大的好处之一就是消除了人们之间通常存在的距离。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定短语，意为“最……之一”，可数名词benefit(好处)用复数形式。故填benefits。
6.答案：energetic
解析：考查形容词。句意：事实上，均衡的饮食可以使我们精力充沛。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填形容词energetic作宾语补足语。故填energetic。
7.答案：renting
解析：考查动名词。句意：当我们在度假时，租一辆自行车是探索一个新城市的好方法。此处为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意可知，此处表示一般性的动作，所以使用动名词形式作主语，且表示主动意义。故填renting。
8.答案：experts
解析：考查名词的数。句意：根据许多专家的说法，组织你的工作或学习可以帮助你停止压力和紧张。根据上文many可知应用复数。故填experts。
9.答案：pleasant
解析：考查形容词。句意：雨季最开心的事情就是完全没有灰尘了。形容词修饰名词thing作定语，分析句意可知，本句含有最高级之意。the most+形容词表示形容词的最高级。故填 pleasant。
10.答案：systematic
解析：考查形容词。句意：他的成功几乎完全是由于他有系统的努力工作。空处修饰名词“work”，应用形容词作定语，systematic“系统的”，形容词，故填systematic。
（一）完形填空
答案：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了曾经一条街道上的花园被荒废了，草坪生长过剩，杂草丛生，树篱也急需修剪，但是人们却不愿意做出改变。一个叫Bill的园艺师搬来后，动手修整了自己的花园，被美丽的花园所感动，这里的人们开始做出改变，花园重新变得吸引人。原来，一个积极的小举动，不仅使自己受益，还会对世界产生影响。
1.考查副词词义辨析。句意：草坪生长过剩，杂草丛生，树篱急需修剪。A. slightly稍微，轻微地；B. desperately拼命地，非常，极其；C. barely勉强才能，几乎不；D. previously以前地，先前地。根据前文“The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were taking over(草坪生长过剩，杂草丛生)”可知，这个花园里的植物过于茂盛，由此推知，树篱应也是生长茂盛，需要修剪，用副词“desperately”表达“极其，非常”含义，可起到加强语气的作用。故选B项。
2.考查连词词义辨析。句意：但当邻居们看到他们的花园时，他们只是看着对方笑了。A. And和，而且；B. So因此，所以；C. But但是；D. For因为。根据后文“when the neighbors saw their gardens, they just looked at each other and laughed(当邻居们看到他们的花园时，他们只是面面相觑，笑了)”可知，尽管花园很糟糕，但是没有人真正在意。因此，这里应是表达转折。故选C项。
3.考查动词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析。句意：清理所有的花园似乎太难了，没有人愿意让它们变得更好，因为每个人的花园都同样糟糕。A. taken带走，拿走；B. bothered费心的，烦恼的；C. cooperated合作；D. devoted奉献的，热爱的。根据前文“It seemed too hard to clear all the gardens(清理所有的花园似乎太难了)”以及后文“because everyone’s garden was equally…(因为每个人的花园都是一样的)”可知，要清理所有的花园是很难的，而每家的花园都是一样很糟糕，因此，没有人愿意费心去做这件事。“be bothered to do”，意为“费心做某事”，符合语境表达。故选B项。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：清理所有的花园似乎太难了，没有人愿意让它们变得更好，因为每个人的花园都同样糟糕。A. tidy整洁的，有条理的；B. delicate精致的，熟练的；C. familiar熟练的，熟悉的；D. awful极讨厌的，糟糕的。根据前文“There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens.(从前在郊区有一条普通的街道，那里没有人关心他们的花园。)”可知，这里的每家的花园都是很杂乱的，糟糕的。故选D项。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后一个叫Bill的园丁在小镇上定居下来。A. handed交，递，给；B. stepped迈步，行走；C. dominated支配，控制；D. settled解决，定居。根据后文“as soon as he moved in the street(他一搬到街上)”可知，Bill住进了这个小镇，“settle in”，意为“安定下来，安家”，符合语境。故选D项。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bill是一个爱整洁、勤奋、有耐心的人，他一搬到街上就开始在花园里工作。A. proud骄傲的，自豪的；B. distracted注意力分散的，心烦意乱的；C. neat爱整洁的，整齐的；D. selfless无私的。根据后文“who started working in the garden as soon as he moved in the street(一搬到街上就开始在花园里干活的人)”可知，Bill开始整理花园，他是一个爱整洁的人。故选C项。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拿出割草机割草，把所有的杂草都拔了出来。A. weeds杂草，野草；B. trees树；C. soil土壤；D. plants植物。根据前文的动作“pulled out (拔出)”可推知，这里应是表达“拔野草”。故选A项。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他开始从事园艺工作，开始塑形树篱，使它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球等。A. planting种植；B. picking挑选，采摘；C. watering浇水；D. shaping决定……的形成，塑造。根据后文“making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls…(让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球……)”可知，他给树篱进行了修剪造型。故选D项。
9.考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是一个巨大的工程，但他的辛勤工作得到了回报，他的花园看起来很吸引人。A. took over接管，接手；B. paid off还清，得到好结果；C. turned down调小音量，拒绝；D. gave away赠送，泄露。根据后文“his garden looked inviting(他的花园看起来很吸引人)”可知，他的辛苦努力没有白费，得到了好的结果。故选B项。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们被美丽的景色迷住了，从旁边走过，欣赏着新修剪过的花园。A. Defeated击败，挫败；B. Obsessed使痴迷，使着迷；C. Enlarged扩大，增大；D. Confused使糊涂，使迷惑。根据前文“his garden looked inviting(他的花园看起来很吸引人)”可知，他的花园很吸引人，邻居们也被吸引了。故选B项。
11.考查副词词义辨析。句意：邻居们被美丽的景色迷住了，从旁边走过，欣赏着新修剪过的花园。A. occasionally偶然，偶尔；B. legally合法地；C. newly最近，新近；D. carelessly粗心地，马虎地。根据前文“ 10 by the beautiful scenery, the neighbors walked by(被美丽的景色迷住了的邻居们走过)”可知，邻居们应该对这个新搬来的Bill新修剪的花园很欣赏和羡慕。故选C项。
12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久，不可思议的事情发生了。A. incredible不可思议的，难以置信的；B. unique独特的，独一无二的；C. horrible可怕的，恐怖的；D. unmotivated对（工作等）不感兴趣的，没有理由的。分析可知，与前文“No one felt it was urgent to change anything.(没有人觉得改变什么是迫切的。)”提及没有人想要改变相比，这里“One by one, the neighbors started to put in more effort in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again.(邻居们一个接一个地开始在自己的花园里花更多的精力，割草机的声音又可以听到了。)”提到的大家开始修剪自己的花园是一件不可思议的事情。故选A项。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这条街从一个肮脏、没有吸引力的房屋聚集地变成了一条美丽的街道，在时尚杂志上也不会显得格格不入。A. intense很大的，强烈的，紧张的；B. unappealing不能打动人的，无吸引力的；C. recognised认可的；D. optional可选择的，选修的。根据前文“It looked very terrible.(它看起来非常糟糕。)”可知，大家的花园之前很糟糕，无吸引力。故选B项。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易忽视周围的环境，因为没有人关心它。A. observe观察，遵从，庆祝；B. mind介意；C. ignore忽略，不理睬；D. pollute污染。根据后文“because no one else cares about it(因为没人在乎它)”可知，因为不在意，不关心，环境就会很容易被忽视。故选C项。
15.考查动词短语辨析。句意：记住，你积极做的事情不仅对你自己有益，也会导致改变整个世界。A. results in导致；B. figures out想出，弄明白；C. makes up构成，编造，弥补；D. takes in吸收。根据后文“a change to the whole world(对整个世界的改变)”并结合文章内容可知，一些积极的行为还会给世界带来改变。故选A项。
（二）短文填空
答案：leads universities showing published as to determine an extremely our What
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市花园和农场对生态多样性、当地生态系统以及人类福祉的积极影响。
①考查时态。句意：传统上，人们一直认为种植粮食会导致生物多样性的丧失以及对生态系统产生负面影响。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，that引导的宾语从句中，planting food是动名词作主语，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，此处描述的是一般性情况，用一般现在时。故填leads。
②考查名词复数。句意：来自众多大学的研究人员的一项新研究挑战了这一假设，表明社区花园和城市农场对生物多样性、当地生态系统和人类福祉有积极影响。分析句子可知，large numbers of 表示“大量的”，其后接可数名词复数，university的复数形式是universities。故填universities。
③考查非谓语。句意：来自众多大学的研究人员的一项新研究挑战了这一假设，表明社区花园和城市农场对生物多样性、当地生态系统和人类福祉有积极影响。分析句子可知，句子的谓语是challenges，show与主语A new study是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填showing。
④考查非谓语。句意：这项发表在《生态学快报》上的研究在五年时间里对加州的 28 个城市社区花园进行了调查并对植物和动物生命中的生物多样性以及诸如粮食生产和人类福祉等生态系统功能进行了量化。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，study与publish之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，修饰study。故填published。
⑤考查介词。句意：这项发表在《生态学快报》上的研究在五年时间里对加州的 28 个城市社区花园进行了调查并对植物和动物生命中的生物多样性以及诸如粮食生产和人类福祉等生态系统功能进行了量化。分析句子可知，这里考查such as，是固定搭配，意为“例如，诸如”。故填as。
⑥考查非谓语。句意：“我们想确定在生物多样性或对生态系统功能的影响方面是否存在任何权衡，”非正式教授沙琳 贾说。分析句子可知，want to do sth.是固定用法，意为“想要做某事”，所以用动词不定式作宾语。故填to determine。
⑦考查冠词。句意：“我们想确定在生物多样性或对生态系统功能的影响方面是否存在任何权衡，”非正式教授沙琳 贾说。分析句子可知，professor是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一位非正式教授”，且informal是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑧考查副词。句意：我们发现，这些花园为园丁提供了丰富的资源并提高了他们的福祉，同时也维持着极高水平的动植物生物多样性。分析句子可知，high是形容词，需要用副词来修饰，extreme的副词形式是extremely。故填extremely。
⑨考查代词。句意：城市农场和花园目前提供了我们约15%～20%的粮食供应，因此它们在应对粮食挑战方面非常重要。分析句子可知，food supply是名词短语，前面需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，we的形容词性物主代词是our。故填our。
⑩考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的是，城市花园为支持生物多样性和当地粮食生产提供了一个重要机会。分析句子可知，“____ we’re seeing”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所……的事情”，所以用what引导，且句首时首字母应大写。故填What。
