课件21张PPT。语法专题 语法提分微点案
考点11 情态动词和虚拟语气微视角 大领悟 微学堂 涨分数 微考场 新演练 微视角 大领悟 练知考情 会方法技巧Mum: Are they there? Oh my goodness. I ______________ (put) them there when the phone rang.
解析: 该空是对过去的肯定的猜测,故填must have put。must have put 1.情态动词的主要考点集中在情态动词的基本意义和对“情态动词+have done”的考查上,应根据语气强弱和时间确定用哪种情态动词和情态动词的形式。
2.虚拟语气谓语的形式应根据句中时间状语判断主从句谓语的形式。 (2014·四川卷短文改错)If you are me, would you talk to them?答案与解析:are→were 句意:如果你是我,你会和他们说话吗?根据主句谓语形式可判断出从句是对现在的虚拟,应用一般过去时,故are应改为were。注意以下两点:
1.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气,应根据句中时间状语和语境确定谓语动词形式。
2.表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等词后的宾语从句谓语用(should) do 形式。 微学堂 涨分数 语法精讲 明重点难点 1.常用的表示推测的情态动词:
(1)must常用于肯定句,表示有把握的推测。表示对现在或未来情况进行推测,后接动词原形;表示对此刻正在进行的动作进行推测,后接be doing;表示对过去情况的推测,后接have done。
(2)can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”。could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句和疑问句中。 2.情态动词的其他用法:
(1)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感彩,意为“偏要;硬要”。
(2)should表示惊讶、不以为然等情绪,用于某些句型中,意为“竟然”。
(3)will表示“意愿,意志”,would表示过去时间的“意愿,意志”。will还可以表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“总会,老是”,其否定结构意为“不肯,不能”。
(4)might/may as well“不妨;还是……为好”,主要用于表示提议或劝告。
(5)shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见;用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。3.情态动词+have done用法:
(1)表示“责备或遗憾”。 (2)表示“对过去事实的推断”。1.在条件从句(虚拟条件句)中,表示与事实相反的条件分三种情况:
(1)与现在情况相反:从句用过去式(be常用were),主句用would/could/might/should(用于第一人称)+do。
(2)与过去情况相反:从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/might/should+have done。
(3)与将来情况相反:从句用过去式(did)/should+do/were to do,主句用would/could/might/should+do。2.在宾语从句中:
(1)表示建议(suggest, advise, propose, recom-mend), 要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等的动词后面接的宾语从句中谓语动词用“should+do”, should可以省略。
(2)wish接宾语从句有三种情况:
①与现在事实相反:从句谓语动词用过去时;
②与过去事实相反:从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done);
③与将来事实相反:从句谓语动词用情态动词(would/could)+do。
3.在主语从句中:在句型“It is important(necessary, strange, natural)that ...”中, that后面的从句中谓语动词用“(should+)do”。
4.在suggestion, proposal, order, request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词用“should+do”, should可以省略。 5.虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
(1)would rather所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成式(对过去虚拟)
I would rather you stayed at home now.
我宁愿你现在待在家里。
(2)It is (high) time (that) ...句型中谓语动词用一般过去式或should+动词原形,其中should不可省略
It's high time that we left/should leave.
该到我们离开的时候了。(3)if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去式(对现在虚拟)、过去完成式(对过去虚拟)或过去将来式(对将来虚拟),表示强烈的愿望
If only our dream had come true!
要是我们的梦想实现了多好啊!
(4)as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式(对现在虚拟)或过去完成式(对过去虚拟)
They are talking as if they had been friends for years.
他们像多年的好友一样正在交谈。
微考场 新演练 好题巧练 拿高考满分 Ⅰ.单句训练
1.(2015·四川卷)You ________ be careful with the camera. It costs!
解析:句意:你必须小心使用这个相机,它很贵的!根据对话内容可知空格处表示“必要性”,意为“必须”,故用must。
2.(2015·浙江卷)It was so noisy that we ________ not hear ourselves speak.
解析:句意:这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。根据语境可知此处表达过去的能力,故用could。
3.(2015·重庆卷)You ________ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
解析:句意:你一定是卡罗尔,这么多年过去了你一点也没变。根据语境可知此处表示对现在情况的肯定推测,所以要用must“一定”。 must must could 4.I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ not worry about cooking when we get home tired.
解析:句意:我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。根据句意可知答案为need。
5.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
解析:句意:我仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would“过去常常”。
6.(2015·陕西卷)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ (dance) as well as her.
解析:句意:Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。danced need would 7.It is required by law that a driving test ________________ (take) before a man gets a license.
解析:句意:法律规定,一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。It is required that ...中,that从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略;又因为test与take之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,即(should)be taken。
8.The nationwide smog indicates that it's high time we ________________________ (reflect) on ourselves.
解析:句意:全国范围内的雾霾提醒我们是时候反思自己了。由“it is high time sb. did/should do sth.”可知填reflected/should reflect。reflected/should reflect (should) be taken Ⅱ.语法填空
It's a common experience: you log on(登录) to social media, only ______________ (find) that you have been asked to share an advertisement. You then get some coupons(打折券) or lucky money. But now you _______ think twice before doing so.
If that ad has any false information in it, you may get _______ (fine) along with the company, according to China's new advertising law, _______ came into effect on Sept. 1.
The new law is thought to be the ________ (strict) in history. It bans lies in all ads, including pop-up ads and even WeChat promotions. _____________ (company) can not use “best” and “state-level” to describe their products, and photos and descriptions should be true to _______ (real). reality to find should fined which strictest Companies If they break the rules, for example, by using computer software to whiten the teeth in a photo promoting toothpaste, they will be fined up to 2 million yuan.
These rules apply not only to organizations, but also to individuals. That _________ (mean) if your friends post or share an ad, they _________ also obey the law.
Many experts welcome the changes, _________ (say) it will “change advertising in China”.means should saying