Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Readingcomprehension
Step 1 速读——整体感知
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．The food that makes us healthy.
B．The food that may let us forget bad feelings.
C．The food that is full of lovely creamy flavour.
D．The food that often reminds us of our happy memories.
答案 D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——精研语篇
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which does the word “combination” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Mixture. B．Choice.
C．Design. D．Devotion.
答案 A
2．How does the comfort food like the chicken soup cheer us up
A．By creating a tight bond with family members.
B．By shaping our lives with our own unique experiences.
C．By providing a mouth-watering food to the family members.
D．By relating it to a happy childhood and the feeling of being taken care of.
答案 D
3．What largely determines their comfort food for those leaving their home country
A．The food that they grow up with.
B．The region they come from.
C．Some aspects of their own culture.
D．The food relieving their homesickness.
答案 B
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To tell us what rice pudding is.
B．To tell us how to eat comfort food.
C．To tell us something about comfort food.
D．To tell us something about happy memories.
答案 C
Step 3 剖析——长句难句
1．Whenever I feel lonely，I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice，milk and sugar，cooked low and slow.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中whenever引导状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a secret recipe。
[汉语翻译] 每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛奶和糖，小火慢炖。
2．Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick，not to mention the lovely creamy flavour，which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中not to mention引出附加成分；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the lovely creamy flavour；transporting me back to my sunny childhood为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a time machine。
[汉语翻译] 有时候仅仅闻到气味就能奏效，更不要说那美妙、滑腻的口感了，它像一台时间机器，立即将我带回欢乐的童年。
3．With pleasure，I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat，listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat为省略了引导词that/which的定语从句； listening to...和eating...为动词-ing形式作状语。
[汉语翻译] 欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。
4．In this article，we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.(P2 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a particular type of comfort food; it calls to mind为省略了关系代词that/which 的定语从句，修饰先行词 the associations。
[汉语翻译] 在本文里，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。
5．They vary from person to person，depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.(P2 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中depending on our own unique experiences为现在分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 experiences。
[汉语翻译] 它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决定，因人而异。
6．When we eat it again，we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after，and this cheers us up.(P3 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句话为并列复合句。其中第一个when 引导时间状语从句；第二个when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
[汉语翻译] 当再次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，这就会让我们的情绪变好。
7．Of course，each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from—for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar，and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips，served hot，salty and sour.(P3 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中where引导宾语从句；破折号后是and连接的两个并列句；served hot，salty and sour为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the classic fish and chips。
[汉语翻译] 当然，每个人的治愈系食物(是什么)在很大程度上取决于他们来自何方——对一个中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子配上一碟醋；而对一个土生土长的英国人来说，则可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热腾腾地端上来，咸中带酸。
8．One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots，giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.(P3 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句话为复合句。其中giving us the “taste of home”和relieving feelings...为现在分词短语作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the “taste of home”。
[汉语翻译] 一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。
Whenever I feel lonely，I have 1.a secret recipe that never fails：rice，milk and sugar.That perfect 2.combination(combine) is always enough to lift my spirits.When I was a child，I liked my grandma’s rice pudding very much，3.which served as my comfort food.Our comfort foods are 4.highly(high) individual and they vary from person to person，depending on our own unique experiences that 5.have shaped(shape) our lives.If we grow up 6.eating(eat) certain foods in our family，then those foods tend 7.to be linked(link) with positive emotions.The feeling of happiness 8.and sense of belonging can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country.Each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from and their comfort foods can relieve feelings 9.of fort food always makes us feel good by building an 10.emotional(emotion) bond with our happy memories and it’s food for the soul.
作业1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension
[分值：62.5分]
Ⅰ.品句猜词(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
1．The digest contains too much to digest for us teenagers.n.摘要 v．理解
2．Foreign visitors help to give a unique flavour to the occasion.n.特色，气氛
3．Somehow，the mood of the meeting was deadly boring.n.气氛，氛围
4．Typically，the animal’s daily internally generated cycle of activity continues without change.n.循环
5．I have been in association with the girl for several years，and I never regret associating with her.n.交往
Ⅱ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．Body language，especially gestures，varies among cultures.
2．Keeping fit requires a combination of a healthy diet and appropriate physical exercise.
3．To my joy，the new medicine bought from Japan helped relieve the pain of my brother’s injured leg.
4．As we all know，the panda which is an adorable animal and loved by people worldwide is native to China.
5．Researchers have found that the increase in food eaten outside the home is linked to the rise in weight problems.
6．She made herself a steak at once，and consumed it greedily(贪婪地)．
7．The association(协会) was formed to represent the interests of the elderly.
8．He was so nervous that he lowered(把……放低) his head and loosened his tie.
9．Stress may also contribute to disease in less direct ways by influencing moods(情绪) and behavior.
10．Your body will be busy digesting(消化) your dinner while you are trying to sleep，so you won’t feel rested in the morning.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·广东东莞高二上期末)
Wine experts have warned for years that climate change could result in shifting harvest seasons，lower quality wine，and limited plant growth.But here’s a piece of good news: In Bordeaux，France，one of the world’s main wine growing areas，climate change may actually make wine taste better—for now.
70-year data of wine critic scores in Bordeaux，with weather data from the period，showed that wine quality—based on factors such as rich and strong taste—increased over time，according to a study.
For the years 1950 to 2020，scientists analyzed the variation in overall Bordeaux wine quality.The team’s statistical models tested how wine quality in Bordeaux was related to weather factors such as season length，temperature，and rainfall.
The highest-quality Bordeaux wines came from years with warmer and drier summers，cooler and wetter winters，earlier and shorter growing seasons.Climate change is expected to make these conditions more frequent in the region.For instance，it is predicted that France will become warmer，with a four-degree Celsius increase by 2100.Warm temperatures can increase grapes’ sugar content and create sweeter wine.Because Bordeaux wine producers traditionally rely on rainfall for water，there is a direct connection between the climate and wine productivity.
Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.“Traditionally we consider weather during the growing season to see how it can affect grape quality.However，the vines are there all year round，and we found weather conditions in the non-growing season had an impact through the next harvest，” says Andrew.More rain in the winter might result in better water balance in the soil during the growing season.“Healthy vines make better grapes，” says Andrew.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现。
1．What may be the effect of climate change on wine in Bordeaux in paragraph 1
A．The taste of the wine is better.
B．The price of the wine is higher.
C．The production of the wine increases.
D．The quality of the wine is lower.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Bordeaux，France...climate change may actually make wine taste better...”可知，气候变化使波尔多葡萄酒的味道更好。故选A。
2．What’s the purpose of the example in paragraph 4
A．To offer some details.
B．To stimulate readers’ interest.
C．To give a recommendation.
D．To explain the author’s opinion.
答案 D
解析 写作意图题。根据第四段内容可推知，本段的例子是为了解释作者的观点，即本段的前两句“最高品质的波尔多葡萄酒产自夏季温暖干燥、冬季凉爽湿润、生长季节提前缩短的年份。预计气候变化将使这种情况在该地区更加频繁”。故选D。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The impact of climate on grape quality throughout the year.
B．The positive effects of more winter rainfall on wine quality.
C．The importance of new wine producing ways in Bordeaux.
D．The traditional considerations of weather during the growing season.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段尤其第一句“Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.”可知，本段主要讲更多的冬季降雨对葡萄酒品质的积极影响。故选B。
4．In which section of a website can we read this text
A．Science. B．Lifestyle.
C．Technology. D．Medicine.
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。根据第一段内容并结合下文主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现可推知，文章选自网站的科学部分。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
Struggling to give up meat and move to a vegetarian diet Your genes could be to blame，scientists suspect.A study suggests that genetics plays a role in whether people can stick to a strict vegetarian diet.While deciding to quit meat may be a personal lifestyle choice，based on religious and moral considerations，genetics can make it harder or easier for some people.
“Are all humans capable of existing long term on a strict vegetarian diet This is a question that has not been seriously studied，” said study author Dr Nabeel Yaseen.“There is something that people may be missing.”
“One area where plant products differ from meat is complex lipids (fats)．There may be lipid components present in meat that some people need.And maybe people whose genetics favour vegetarianism are able to synthesise(合成) these components.”
Experts compared UK Biobank genetic data from 5,324 strict vegetarians who avoided fish，poultry and red meat，to 329,44 people who were omnivorous(杂食的)．They found three genes that were significantly associated with vegetarianism and another 31 genes that are potentially associated.Several of these genes，including two of the top three，were involved in lipid (fat) metabolism(新陈代谢) and brain function.It has led experts to believe that people who find a vegetarian diet easy to follow may be able to synthesise these important fats from elsewhere.According to the Vegetarian Society,4.5 percent of the British population follow a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Scientists say that often the driving force behind why people choose certain foods is not just taste but how well the body metabolises products.Dr Yaseen believes there may be something in meat that most people struggle to do without.“Perhaps you have a certain component—maybe a lipid component—that makes you need and long for it，” he added.
The experts believe the findings open the door to creating better meat substitutes as well as tailoring dietary recommendations to personal genetics.
5．Why does the author mention the question raised by Dr Yaseen in paragraph 2
A．To emphasise its significance.
B．To draw wide attention.
C．To uncover something overlooked.
D．To lead in the topic.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二、三段以及第四段中“They found three genes...and brain function.”可知，作者在第二段提到Yaseen博士提出的问题是为了引出话题，即基因在坚持素食饮食中的角色。故选D。
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The process involved.
B．The approach adopted.
C．The data gathered.
D．The conclusion drawn.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段中“They found three genes that were significantly associated with vegetarianism and another 31 genes that are potentially associated.Several of these genes，including two of the top three，were involved in lipid (fat) metabolism(新陈代谢) and brain function.”可知，第四段主要是关于得出的结论。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “it” probably refer to in paragraph 5
A．The driving force. B．A certain food.
C．A lipid component. D．Meat.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据第五段中“Dr Yaseen believes there may be something in meat that most people struggle to do without.‘Perhaps you have a certain component—maybe a lipid component—that makes you need and long for it’”可知，Yaseen博士认为，肉中可能含有某种大多数人都很难不吃的物质，也许有某种特定成分——可能是脂质成分——让你需要并渴望它，即it指代的是前一句中提到的meat(肉)。故选D。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．What Determines Your Passion for Food
B．Can’t Resist Meat Blame Your Genes
C．Vegetarian or Vegan Ask Your Genes
D．What Plays a Role in a Vegetarian Diet
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段中“Struggling to give up meat and move to a vegetarian diet Your genes could be to blame，scientists suspect.”可知，文章介绍了无法放弃吃肉可能与基因有关。由此可知，B项提炼了文章的核心观点，适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
[词汇积累] 1．exist on靠……生活 2．complex adj.复杂的，难懂的(同义词：complicated)；复合的 3．significantly adv.显著地；明显地；意味深长地→significant adj.重要的；显著的；意味深长的→significance n．重要性；含义 4．associated adj.有关联的；联合的→associate v．联想，联系；表明支持，表示同意；交往→association n．协会，社团，联盟；关系；联系，联想；因果关系 5．long for渴望 6．tailor熟义：n.裁缝 生义(文义)：vt.专门制作，定做 [句式分析] 1．It has led experts to believe that people who find a vegetarian diet easy to follow may be able to synthesise these important fats from elsewhere. 分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在这个从句中，who引导定语从句。 翻译：这促使专家相信，那些认为素食饮食容易遵循的人可能能够从其他地方合成这些重要的脂肪。 2．Scientists say that often the driving force behind why people choose certain foods is not just taste but how well the body metabolises products. 分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在这个从句中，why引导定语从句，not just...but...结构作表语。 翻译：科学家说，人们选择某些食物背后的驱动力往往不仅仅是味道，而是身体对产品的代谢程度。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·福建福州八校高二上期末联考)
Can’t Resist Junk Food Study Suggests
You Try This Simple Trick
You’re tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious，probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！ 1 A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
Let’s take a closer look at this process.Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose’s attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you’re standing in line after a couple of minutes？ 2 And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments，including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria，show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e.g.cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.strawberry smell)． 3 That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth，which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
4 When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined，food choices were not profoundly influenced.The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you’re feeling you don’t have the willpower to resist that French fries，it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two. 5
A．But wait a minute before you order.
B．It’s a response that has been researched.
C．Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D．It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E．However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F．It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G．The brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
语篇解读 本文为说明文，主要介绍了一个抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧——闻至少两分钟垃圾食品的气味。
1．答案 A
解析 上文“You’re tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious，probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！”假设了一种场景——你在又累又饿时闻到了炸鸡的香味；下文“A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.”讲闻至少两分钟垃圾食品的气味会帮助你选择更健康的食品，所以本句与上文形成转折，并且与等待时间有关，A项“但是在点餐之前先等一下”符合题意。故选A。
2．答案 D
解析 根据上文“在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢？”和下文“这恰恰是要离开的时刻”可知，本句承上启下，D项“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”符合题意。故选D。
3．答案 G
解析 根据本段上文可知，一系列的实验结果表明闻垃圾食品的气味多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，下文在解释闻到垃圾食品的气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。所以本句要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。故选G。
4．答案 E
解析 根据下一句“当检测闻健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响”可以得知，本句内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故选E。
5．答案 F
解析 上文讲抵制垃圾食品的最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟(垃圾食品的)香甜的味道，F项“这与吃到它一样，也可以满足吃的欲望”对上文进行补充说明，符合题意。故选F。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·湖北武汉高二上期末)
Comfortably numb，Sichuan peppers can do the surprising thing to you.
From its English name，obviously the pepper is essential to the deliciously complex cuisine of Sichuan.The pepper，together with dried chillies,1. (form) the flavour known as mala，a term 2. (consist) of the characters for “numbing” and “spicy”．
Anyone who has had the eye-watering，nose-running pleasure of eating Shui Zhu Yu—sliced fish in a sea of 3. (boil)，peppery chilli oil—knows this sensation.
In the West，kung pao dishes,4. Sichuan speciality，tend to be oversweetened；the real version sings，the thrilling pepper set off by the rich flavour of black vinegar.
Less 5. (tradition)，dry-fried and then crushed with salt，Sichuan pepper can be a nice topping for popcorn.
Toasted and mixed with cumin(孜然) and fennel(茴香) seeds，dried chillies，anise(八角)，sugar and salt,6. makes a spice rub that enriches stir-fried potatoes.
A few peppercorns go a long way.Just as inexperienced barbecue 7. (cook) often light so much wood that they burn their meat black，pepper novices(新手) risk making diners’ heads tremble for hours.
Yet even when 8. (use) in moderation，they remain a divisive ingredient.Critics wonder 9. someone would want to numb their mouths while eating.
There is no answer，really—no disputing about tastes,10. the old saying goes.
1．答案 forms
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为pepper，谓语用三单形式。故填forms。
2．答案 consisting
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，consist与其逻辑主语term构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
3．答案 boiling
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词oil应用形容词，这里表示“沸腾的”，故填boiling。
4．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。此处speciality为泛指，应用不定冠词，且Sichuan是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
5．答案 traditionally
解析 考查副词。修饰整个句子应用副词traditionally，作状语，故填traditionally。
6．答案 it
解析 考查代词。空处作主语，指上文的Sichuan pepper，指物，应用代词it，故填it。
7．答案 cooks
解析 考查名词复数。此处cook“厨师”为可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填cooks。
8．答案 used
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略，当主从句主语一致，从句谓语含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略；此处省略了主语they和be动词are；use与省略了的从句主语they构成被动关系，故用过去分词，故填used。
9．答案 why
解析 考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用why。故填why。
10．答案 as
解析 考查定语从句。此处表示“正如谚语所说”应用as引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。(共69张PPT)
Period 1
Food matters
Unit 1
Welcome to the unit & Reading—
Reading comprehension
内容索引
Step 1 速读——整体感知
Step 2 细读——精研语篇
Step 3 剖析——长句难句
作业1
Step 4 达标检测
速读——整体感知
What is the main idea of the passage
A.The food that makes us healthy.
B.The food that may let us forget bad feelings.
C.The food that is full of lovely creamy flavour.
D.The food that often reminds us of our happy memories.
Ⅰ.明文章大意
√
返 回
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Para.1:Rice pudding cheers me up whenever I feel 1. .
Para.2:Comfort food has the unique 2. to make us feel better.
Para.3:Our comfort foodsare highly 3. ,depending on our own unique experiences.
Para.4:Comfort food gives the “taste of home”to people who feel 4.________
when they move to a new country.
Para.5:Comfort food is food for the 5. .
unhappy
power
individual
homesick
soul
细读——精研语篇
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Which does the word “combination” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Mixture. B.Choice.
C.Design. D.Devotion.
√
2.How does the comfort food like the chicken soup cheer us up
A.By creating a tight bond with family members.
B.By shaping our lives with our own unique experiences.
C.By providing a mouth-watering food to the family members.
D.By relating it to a happy childhood and the feeling of being taken care of.
√
3.What largely determines their comfort food for those leaving their home country
A.The food that they grow up with.
B.The region they come from.
C.Some aspects of their own culture.
D.The food relieving their homesickness.
√
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A.To tell us what rice pudding is.
B.To tell us how to eat comfort food.
C.To tell us something about comfort food.
D.To tell us something about happy memories.
√
返 回
剖析——长句难句
1.Whenever I feel lonely，I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice，milk and sugar，cooked low and slow.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中whenever引导 从句；that引导
从句，修饰先行词 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
状语
定语
a secret recipe
每当感到孤独，我都有一个屡试不爽的秘方：大米、牛奶和糖，小火慢炖。
2.Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick，not to mention the lovely creamy flavour，which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中not to mention引出附加成分；which 引导 从句，修饰先行词 ；transporting me back to my sunny childhood为现在分词短语作 ，修饰 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
the lovely creamy flavour
a time machine
有时候仅仅闻到气味就能奏效，更不要说那美妙、滑腻的口感了，它像一台时间机器，立即将我带回欢乐的童年。
非限制性定语
后置定语
3.With pleasure，I remember the lazy Sunday afternoons I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat，listening to her wonderful stories and greedily eating bowl after bowl of her delicious rice pudding.(P2 Para.1)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中I used to spend in the warmth of my grandma’s flat为省略了引导词 的 从句； listening to...和eating...为动词-ing形式作 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
that/which
定语
状语
欣欣然，我回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常是在外婆温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲着那些精彩的故事，一边一碗接一碗贪婪地吃着她做的美味的大米布丁。
4.In this article，we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.(P2 Para.2)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中whose引导 从句，修饰先行词
; it calls to mind为省略了关系代词
的定语从句，修饰先行词 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
定语
a particular type of comfort food
that/which
the associations
在本文里，我们要特别讲一类治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。
5.They vary from person to person，depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.(P2 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中depending on our own unique experiences为现在分词短语作 ；that引导 从句，修饰先行词
。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
复合
状语
experiences
它们由塑造我们人生的独特经历决定，因人而异。
定语
6.When we eat it again，we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after，and this cheers us up.(P3 Para.3)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中第一个when 引导 从句；第二个when引导 从句，修饰先行词 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
并列复合
时间状语
定语
a time
当再次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，这就会让我们的情绪变好。
7.Of course，each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from—for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar，and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips，served hot，salty and sour.(P3 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中where引导 从句；破折号后是and连接的两个 句；served hot，salty and sour为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
并列
the classic fish and chips
当然，每个人的治愈系食物(是什么)在很大程度上取决于他们来自何方——对一个中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子配上一碟醋；而对一个土生土长的英国人来说，则可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热腾腾地端上来，咸中带酸。
宾语
8.One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots，giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.(P3 Para.4)
[结构分析] 此句话为 句。其中giving us the “taste of home”和relieving feelings...为现在分词短语作 语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 。
[汉语翻译] _____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
复合
状
the “taste of home”
一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己文化的根，带来我们渴望的“家的味道”，让我们一解怀乡之情。
返 回
达标检测
Whenever I feel lonely，I have 1. secret recipe that never fails：rice，milk and sugar.That perfect 2. (combine) is always enough to lift my spirits.When I was a child，I liked my grandma’s rice pudding very much，3. served as my comfort food.Our comfort foods are 4. (high) individual and they vary from person to person，depending on our own unique experiences that 5. (shape) our lives.If we grow up 6. (eat) certain foods in our family，then those foods tend 7. (link) with positive emotions.
a
课文语法填空
combination
which
highly
have shaped
eating
to be linked
The feeling of happiness 8. sense of belonging can become particularly important for people who move away from their home country.Each person’s comfort food largely depends on where they come from and their comfort foods can relieve feelings 9. fort food always makes us feel good by building an 10. (emotion) bond with our happy memories and it’s food for the soul.
and
of
emotional
返 回
作业1
1.The digest contains too much to digest for us teenagers.
2.Foreign visitors help to give a unique flavour to the occasion.
3.Somehow，the mood of the meeting was deadly boring.
4.Typically，the animal’s daily internally generated cycle of activity continues without change.
5.I have been in association with the girl for several years，and I never regret associating with her.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
______ ______
____________
____________
_______
_______
n.摘要
n.特色，气氛
n.气氛，氛围
n.循环
n.交往
v.理解
1.Body language，especially gestures， among cultures.
2.Keeping fit requires a of a healthy diet and appropriate physical exercise.
3.To my joy，the new medicine bought from Japan helped the pain of my brother’s injured leg.
4.As we all know，the panda which is an adorable animal and loved by people worldwide is to China.
5.Researchers have found that the increase in food eaten outside the home is to the rise in weight problems.
Ⅱ.单词拼写
varies
combination
relieve
native
linked
6.She made herself a steak at once，and consumed it (贪婪地).
7.The (协会) was formed to represent the interests of the elderly.
8.He was so nervous that he (把……放低) his head and loosened his tie.
9.Stress may also contribute to disease in less direct ways by influencing
(情绪) and behavior.
10.Your body will be busy (消化) your dinner while you are trying to sleep，so you won’t feel rested in the morning.
greedily
association
lowered
moods
digesting
A
(2024·广东东莞高二上期末)
Wine experts have warned for years that climate change could result in shifting harvest seasons，lower quality wine，and limited plant growth.But here’s a piece of good news: In Bordeaux，France，one of the world’s main wine growing areas，climate change may actually make wine taste better—for now.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
70-year data of wine critic scores in Bordeaux，with weather data from the period，showed that wine quality—based on factors such as rich and strong taste—increased over time，according to a study.
For the years 1950 to 2020，scientists analyzed the variation in overall Bordeaux wine quality.The team’s statistical models tested how wine quality in Bordeaux was related to weather factors such as season length，temperature，and rainfall.
The highest-quality Bordeaux wines came from years with warmer and drier summers，cooler and wetter winters，earlier and shorter growing seasons.Climate change is expected to make these conditions more frequent in the region.For instance，it is predicted that France will become warmer，with a four-degree Celsius increase by 2100.Warm temperatures can increase grapes’ sugar content and create sweeter wine.Because Bordeaux wine producers traditionally rely on rainfall for water，there is a direct connection between the climate and wine productivity.
Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.“Traditionally we consider weather during the growing season to see how it can affect grape quality.However，the vines are there all year round，and we found weather conditions in the non-growing season had an impact through the next harvest，” says Andrew.More rain in the winter might result in better water balance in the soil during the growing season.“Healthy vines make better grapes，” says Andrew.
1.What may be the effect of climate change on wine in Bordeaux in paragraph 1
A.The taste of the wine is better.
B.The price of the wine is higher.
C.The production of the wine increases.
D.The quality of the wine is lower.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In Bordeaux，France...climate change may actually make wine taste better...”可知，气候变化使波尔多葡萄酒的味道更好。故选A。
解析
√
2.What’s the purpose of the example in paragraph 4
A.To offer some details.
B.To stimulate readers’ interest.
C.To give a recommendation.
D.To explain the author’s opinion.
写作意图题。根据第四段内容可推知，本段的例子是为了解释作者的观点，即本段的前两句“最高品质的波尔多葡萄酒产自夏季温暖干燥、冬季凉爽湿润、生长季节提前缩短的年份。预计气候变化将使这种情况在该地区更加频繁”。故选D。
解析
√
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The impact of climate on grape quality throughout the year.
B.The positive effects of more winter rainfall on wine quality.
C.The importance of new wine producing ways in Bordeaux.
D.The traditional considerations of weather during the growing season.
段落大意题。根据最后一段尤其第一句“Study leader Andrew was surprised to find that more rainfall during the winter season when grapevines(葡萄藤) are not growing，resulted in better quality wine for the following harvest.”可知，本段主要讲更多的冬季降雨对葡萄酒品质的积极影响。故选B。
解析
√
4.In which section of a website can we read this text
A.Science. B.Lifestyle.
C.Technology. D.Medicine.
文章出处题。根据第一段内容并结合下文主要说明了气候变化让波尔多葡萄酒味道更好，介绍了对这一现象进行的相关研究以及研究发现可推知，文章选自网站的科学部分。故选A。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
Struggling to give up meat and move to a vegetarian diet Your genes could be to blame，scientists suspect.A study suggests that genetics plays a role in whether people can stick to a strict vegetarian diet.While deciding to quit meat may be a personal lifestyle choice，based on religious and moral considerations，genetics can make it harder or easier for some people.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无法放弃肉类可能与基因有关。
“Are all humans capable of existing long term on a strict vegetarian diet This is a question that has not been seriously studied，” said study author Dr Nabeel Yaseen.“There is something that people may be missing.”
“One area where plant products differ from meat is complex lipids (fats).There may be lipid components present in meat that some people need.And maybe people whose genetics favour vegetarianism are able to synthesise(合成) these components.”
Experts compared UK Biobank genetic data from 5,324 strict vegetarians who avoided fish，poultry and red meat，to 329,44 people who were omnivorous(杂食的).They found three genes that were significantly associated with vegetarianism and another 31 genes that are potentially associated.Several of these genes，including two of the top three，were involved in lipid (fat) metabolism(新陈代谢) and brain function.It has led experts to believe that people who find a vegetarian diet easy to follow may be able to synthesise these important fats from elsewhere.According to the Vegetarian Society,4.5 percent of the British population follow a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Scientists say that often the driving force behind why people choose certain foods is not just taste but how well the body metabolises products.Dr Yaseen believes there may be something in meat that most people struggle to do without.“Perhaps you have a certain component—maybe a lipid component—that makes you need and long for it，” he added.
The experts believe the findings open the door to creating better meat substitutes as well as tailoring dietary recommendations to personal genetics.
5.Why does the author mention the question raised by Dr Yaseen in paragraph 2
A.To emphasise its significance.
B.To draw wide attention.
C.To uncover something overlooked.
D.To lead in the topic.
推理判断题。根据第二、三段以及第四段中“They found three genes...and brain function.”可知，作者在第二段提到Yaseen博士提出的问题是为了引出话题，即基因在坚持素食饮食中的角色。故选D。
解析
√
6.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.The process involved.
B.The approach adopted.
C.The data gathered.
D.The conclusion drawn.
段落大意题。根据第四段中“They found three genes that were significantly associated with vegetarianism and another 31 genes that are potentially associated.Several of these genes，including two of the top three，were involved in lipid (fat) metabolism(新陈代谢) and brain function.”可知，第四段主要是关于得出的结论。故选D。
解析
√
7.What does the underlined word “it” probably refer to in paragraph 5
A.The driving force. B.A certain food.
C.A lipid component. D.Meat.
代词指代题。根据第五段中“Dr Yaseen believes there may be something in meat that most people struggle to do without.‘Perhaps you have a certain component—maybe a lipid component—that makes you need and long for it’”可知，Yaseen博士认为，肉中可能含有某种大多数人都很难不吃的物质，也许有某种特定成分——可能是脂质成分——让你需要并渴望它，即it指代的是前一句中提到的meat(肉)。故选D。
解析
√
8.What is the best title for the text
A.What Determines Your Passion for Food
B.Can’t Resist Meat Blame Your Genes
C.Vegetarian or Vegan Ask Your Genes
D.What Plays a Role in a Vegetarian Diet
标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段中“Struggling to give up meat and move to a vegetarian diet Your genes could be to blame，scientists suspect.”可知，文章介绍了无法放弃吃肉可能与基因有关。由此可知，B项提炼了文章的核心观点，适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
解析
√
1.exist on靠……生活
2.complex adj.复杂的，难懂的(同义词：complicated)；复合的
3.significantly adv.显著地；明显地；意味深长地→significant adj.重要的；显著的；意味深长的→significance n.重要性；含义
4.associated adj.有关联的；联合的→associate v.联想，联系；表明支持，表示同意；交往→association n.协会，社团，联盟；关系；联系，联想；因果关系
5.long for渴望
6.tailor熟义：n.裁缝 生义(文义)：vt.专门制作，定做
词汇积累
1.It has led experts to believe that people who find a vegetarian diet easy to follow may be able to synthesise these important fats from elsewhere.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在这个从句中，who引导定语从句。
翻译：这促使专家相信，那些认为素食饮食容易遵循的人可能能够从其他地方合成这些重要的脂肪。
句式分析
2.Scientists say that often the driving force behind why people choose certain foods is not just taste but how well the body metabolises products.
分析：此句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，在这个从句中，why引导定语从句，not just...but...结构作表语。
翻译：科学家说，人们选择某些食物背后的驱动力往往不仅仅是味道，而是身体对产品的代谢程度。
Can’t Resist Junk Food Study Suggests You Try This Simple Trick
You’re tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious，probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！
语篇解读 本文为说明文，主要介绍了一个抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧——闻至少两分钟垃圾食品的气味。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
(2024·福建福州八校高二上期末联考)
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It’s a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D.It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G.The brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
1 A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.
√
上文“You’re tired and hungry.Then you catch a whiff of something delicious，probably fried and almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！”假设了一种场景——你在又累又饿时闻到了炸鸡的香味；下文“A new research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make healthier food choices.”讲闻至少两分钟垃圾食品的气味会帮助你选择更健康的食品，所以本句与上文形成转折，并且与等待时间有关，A项“但是在点餐之前先等一下”符合题意。故选A。
解析
Let’s take a closer look at this process.Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose’s attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it What will happen if you’re standing in line after a couple of minutes？
2 And recent science says that this is actually the right moment to walk away.
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It’s a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D.It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G.The brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
√
根据上文“在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢？”和下文“这恰恰是要离开的时刻”可知，本句承上启下，D项“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”符合题意。故选D。
解析
The results of a series of experiments，including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria，show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to junk food smell (e.g.cookie smell) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with healthy smell (e.g.strawberry smell).
3 That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth，which in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It’s a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D.It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G.The brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
√
根据本段上文可知，一系列的实验结果表明闻垃圾食品的气味多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，下文在解释闻到垃圾食品的气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。所以本句要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。故选G。
解析
4 When the exposure to smell of healthy food were examined，food choices were not profoundly influenced.
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It’s a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D.It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G.The brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
√
根据下一句“当检测闻健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响”可以得知，本句内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故选E。
解析
The reason for this is that healthy food are not connected with reward in our brain and therefore have little influence on what we desire.
So next time you’re feeling you don’t have the willpower to resist that French fries，
it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a minute or two. 5
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It’s a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the calories.
D.It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
G.The brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell or taste.
√
上文讲抵制垃圾食品的最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟(垃圾食品的)香甜的味道，F项“这与吃到它一样，也可以满足吃的欲望”对上文进行补充说明，符合题意。故选F。
解析
(2024·湖北武汉高二上期末)
Comfortably numb，Sichuan peppers can do the surprising thing to you.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了川菜中的麻辣风味是如何形成的。
Ⅴ.语法填空
From its English name，obviously the pepper is essential to the deliciously complex cuisine of Sichuan.The pepper，together with dried chillies,1. (form) the flavour known as mala，a term 2._________
(consist) of the characters for “numbing” and “spicy”.
forms
1.考查时态和主谓一致。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为pepper，谓语用三单形式。故填forms。
2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，consist与其逻辑主语term构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
解析
consisting
Anyone who has had the eye-watering，nose-running pleasure of eating Shui Zhu Yu—sliced fish in a sea of 3. (boil)，peppery chilli oil—knows this sensation.
boiling
考查形容词。修饰名词oil应用形容词，这里表示“沸腾的”，故填boiling。
解析
In the West，kung pao dishes,4. Sichuan speciality，tend to be oversweetened；the real version sings，the thrilling pepper set off by the rich flavour of black vinegar.
a
考查冠词。此处speciality为泛指，应用不定冠词，且Sichuan是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
解析
Less 5. (tradition)，dry-fried and then crushed with salt，Sichuan pepper can be a nice topping for popcorn.
traditionally
考查副词。修饰整个句子应用副词traditionally，作状语，故填traditionally。
解析
Toasted and mixed with cumin(孜然) and fennel(茴香) seeds，dried chillies，anise(八角)，sugar and salt,6. makes a spice rub that enriches stir-fried potatoes.
it
考查代词。空处作主语，指上文的Sichuan pepper，指物，应用代词it，故填it。
解析
A few peppercorns go a long way.Just as inexperienced barbecue
7. (cook) often light so much wood that they burn their meat black，pepper novices(新手) risk making diners’ heads tremble for hours.
cooks
考查名词复数。此处cook“厨师”为可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填cooks。
解析
Yet even when 8. (use) in moderation，they remain a divisive ingredient.Critics wonder 9. someone would want to numb their mouths while eating.
used
8.考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略，当主从句主语一致，从句谓语含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可省略；此处省略了主语they和be动词are；use与省略了的从句主语they构成被动关系，故用过去分词，故填used。
9.考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用why。故填why。
解析
why
There is no answer，really—no disputing about tastes,10. the old saying goes.
as
考查定语从句。此处表示“正如谚语所说”应用as引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。
解析
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本课结束
