Period 3 Grammar and usage—Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并分析其所作成分
The angry mother shouted to the boy in a loud voice，“What’s up You were absent from class again！” Lowering his head，Bob responded at once，“①Sorry，mom，but I can’t resist going to the music concert held in the city hall.”Hearing this，the mother flushed with anger and screamed，“②As a student，studying is your first task.” ③Bob nodded his head and begged for his mother’s forgiveness for his being absent from class.“④It is no good doing something meaningless.Only if you put your heart into study will you have a bright future，” the mother warned.
1．句①中going to the music concert和句③中his being absent from class均为动词-ing形式作宾语。
2．句②中studying为动词-ing形式作主语。
3．句④中It作形式主语，doing something meaningless为动词-ing形式作真正的主语。
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
Working under these conditions is not a pleasant but an unbearable thing.
在这些条件下工作不是一件愉快的事，而是一件难以忍受的事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于人们保持健康。
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
注意：(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
(2)单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2．形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事没用/是值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思。
It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us.
劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。
It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel a second time.这么好的小说很值得再读一遍。
Just as the saying goes，it is no use crying over spilt milk.正如俗话所说：覆水难收。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等待别人为你做决定是没好处的。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy/like，imagine，can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了当众被人看不起。
2．作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式可在单个的介词或在含介词的短语后作宾语，常见的含介词的短语有dream of/about，insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，be devoted to，be addicted to，get/be used to，pay attention to，care about，set about，be concerned about，be interested in，think of，aim at，set about，get down to，stick to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going hiking tomorrow.
因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的徒步旅行。
She has been looking forward to having a chance to pay a visit to Zhangjiajie.
她一直盼望有机会参观张家界。
3．在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略：
spend...(in) doing sth 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
做某事有困难/麻烦
prohibit/stop/prevent...(from) doing sth
阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth
做某事很开心/很费劲
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意义。
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
Now that we have finished our work，there is no point staying any longer.
既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了。
4．有些动词如start，begin，continue等后面既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，就像什么也没发生过似的。
5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但意义不同，常见的有：
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记去做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
三、动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
四、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。
1．动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语
①肯定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...
②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not doing...
His/Tom’s coming to visit is a great encouragement to us.
他的/汤姆的来访对我们来说是极大的鼓励。
Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
2．动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语
①肯定形式：
＋动词-ing形式
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我关上窗户吗？
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window？你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/代词宾格/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...
He apologized for his not being able to accompany me to the bookstore.
他因不能陪我去书店而道歉。
五、动词-ing的被动形式作主语和宾语
Being invited to the party was a great honour to the family.
被邀请参加晚会对这家人来说是莫大的荣幸。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.不被允许出去使他非常生气。
While shopping，women sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying more clothes than necessary.在购物时，女性有时会禁不住被劝说购买更多不必要的衣服。
To avoid being seen by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
为了避免被老师看见，托尼从后门偷偷溜进了教室。
注意：下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式：
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
The proposal deserves considering/to be considered.这个提议值得考虑。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jack couldn’t resist playing(play) computer games in his spare time.
2．He didn’t mind her(she) crying，which made their relationship fall apart.
3．It is no good associating(associate) with such a selfish person.
4．As soon as they arrived at the farm，they got down to picking(pick) peaches.
5．Many people have suggested setting(set) up more nature reserves to protect rare animals.
6．What made her parents excited was her being admitted(admit) to her dream university.
7．Memorizing more words and expressions is(be) of vital importance to English learning.
8．Being brought(bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was very young.
9．It is worthwhile cycling(cycle) along the route，which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
10．For a lot of people，becoming(become) a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
随着晚会的进行，话题转到了即将到来的节日。毫无疑问谈论圣诞节使每个人异常激动。然而，置身新环境里使Kelly完全沉默了，一种失落感向她袭来。Jennifer意识到发生了什么，这驱使她问道：“Kelly，泰国人在这个时候庆祝什么？”其他孩子忍不住非常好奇地问她。“为感谢水之母而庆祝一个大型的节日是我们通常所做的事。”Jennifer想出了一个好主意，她的眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒。“我们一起庆祝这个节日一定会玩得很开心。”朋友们的陪伴使得Kelly的乡愁消散了。
As the party went on，the topic turned to the coming festival.There was no doubt that 1.talking about Christmas made everyone extremely excited.However,2.being in a new environment made Kelly totally silent，a sense of loss creeping up on her.3.Jennifer’s being aware of what happened drove her to ask，“Kelly，what do Thai people celebrate at this time？” The other kids 4.couldn’t resist asking her with overwhelming curiosity.“5.Celebrating a grand festival to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.” A good idea occurred to Jennifer，with her eyes twinkling with excitement.“We are bound to have a good time (in) 6.celebrating the festival together.” 7.Being accompanied by friends made Kelly’s homesickness melt away.
作业3 Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．I regret to tell you that I forgot to tell(tell) him the news.
2．He couldn’t help weeping(weep) when enjoying the blues.
3．Keep in mind that it is no good reciting(recite) without understanding.
4．It is essential for us to use(use) clone and artificial intelligence in a proper way.
5．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk) home in the snowstorm.
6．The young students are so energetic that I enjoy being surrounded(surround) by them.
7．A foreign language needs practising/to be practised(practise) frequently to be mastered.
8．As we all know，combining(combine) theory with practice will achieve dramatic results.
9．Being exposed(expose) to loud music for a long time will have a negative effect on your hearing.
10．He was tired of being regarded(regard) as living a successful life，as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
Ⅱ.单句写作(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．我期待在您方便的时候早日收到您的回复。
I am looking forward to receiving your early reply at your convenience.
2．不可否认的是，经常锻炼和保持均衡的饮食对我们的健康非常有益处。
There is no denying that exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet are of great benefit to our health.
3．自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired.
4．在森林里迷路使简后悔与她的丈夫吵架。
Being lost in the forest made Jane regret quarrelling with her husband.
5．听音乐感觉就像有人在我耳边轻声鼓励我。
Listening to music feels like someone whispering encouragement in my ear.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2024·河南许昌高二上期末)
According to a well-known team of researchers，there are three kinds of smiles：genuine(真诚的)，false，and miserable.How can we distinguish them In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自发的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.However，if they were to focus only on the face，they would probably know whether a smile was genuine or not.
This is because two muscles are involved in spontaneous smiling.The first muscle is a ring-like band of muscle around each eye.When it contracts，it causes what we know as “smiling eyes”．The other muscle extends from the top of the cheekbone to the corners of the mouth.It moves the mouth upwards when we smile.This muscle on its own produces what we call the “mouth smile”. When people genuinely smile，in a spontaneous burst of positive emotions，the corners of the mouth move up and the muscles around the eyes also contract.It is these muscles that show that a smile is sincere.
Smiles can mean very different things in different countries.In the USA，for example，a smile is a friendly，positive gesture of trust.In contrast，in some Asian societies，people smile when they are happy，of course，but also when they feel anger，sadness，confusion，or embarrassment，perhaps to mask their true feelings.
Cultural norms aside，some people tend to smile more than others and that seems to indicate they are cheerful，optimistic types.But that relationship isn’t strictly true.Some people rarely smile and are quite happy.Others often have a smile on their face when they are actually feeling anxious.Human communication is full of uncertainties and we sometimes have a difficult time understanding each other，but a genuine，heartfelt smile that lights up a face can never be misunderstood.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于分心，大多数人在现实中无法察觉虚假的微笑。文中解释了微笑是如何自然而然发生的以及微笑在不同的国家有不同的含义。
1．What did the experiments show
A．Most people tend to force a smile when taking pictures.
B．People wearing a fake smile can be genuine sometimes.
C．People using body language are often smiling genuinely.
D．Most people fail to detect fake smiles in reality due to distractions.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自发的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.”可知，实验说明了由于分心，大多数人在现实中无法察觉虚假的微笑。故选D。
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How to control facial muscles.
B．How smiles influence emotions.
C．How to distinguish different smiles.
D．How spontaneous smiling happens.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段第一句提到自发的微笑涉及两块肌肉，接着讲了第一块肌肉收缩时，会形成我们所知的“微笑的眼睛”。另一块肌肉会让嘴巴向上移动，产生我们所说的“嘴角微笑”。当人们真诚地微笑时，在一种自发的积极情绪爆发中，嘴角会上扬，眼睛周围的肌肉也会收缩。正是这些肌肉表明微笑是真诚的。由此可知，第二段主要讲了自然微笑是如何产生的。故选D。
3．Why are the USA and some Asian societies mentioned in the text
A．To show the problems brought by smiling.
B．To show some cultural differences of smiling.
C．To explain how people hide their true feelings.
D．To explain why smiling more can have positive effects.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。通读倒数第二段可知，该段第一句为段落主旨句，指出微笑在不同的国家有不同的含义。接着以美国和一些亚洲社会为例，说明了这一点。由此可知，文中提到美国和一些亚洲社会是为了展示与微笑相关的文化差异。故选B。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Smiling has little to do with character.
B．Smiling can clear up misunderstandings.
C．People rarely smiling are hard to get on with.
D．Uncertain smiles cannot lead to close relationships.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，有些人比其他人更爱笑，这似乎表明他们是开朗、乐观的类型。但这种关系并不完全正确。有些人很少微笑，却很快乐。另一些人通常在他们感到焦虑的时候脸上挂着微笑。由此可推知，微笑与性格没什么关系。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
Do you listen to music at the gym Today，most gym-goers like to wear head-phones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing exercise.Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is walking or jogging
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步机) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.According to a news release，this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”．These findings were published online ahead of print on June 22.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a series of cognitive(认知的) exams designed to put them in a mentally tired state.The researchers found that “listening to self-selected music in a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on their running capacity and performance，potentially due to changed perception of effort when listening to music”．
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities，including exercise.Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is，therefore，useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he added.“This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在跑步时听自选的个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
5．What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison.
B．To lead in the topic.
C．To make a prediction.
D．To ask for information.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步机) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.”可推知，在第一段提出问题是为了引入本文所要讨论的话题——跑步时听音乐可以对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。故选B。
6．What was taken into consideration in the experiment design
A．Runners’ cognitive levels.
B．Runners’ mental states.
C．Runners’ running ability.
D．Runners’ music preference.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For this study，researchers...designed to put them in a mentally tired state.”可知，实验是在跑步者精神疲惫的情况下进行的。由此可知，设计实验时考虑了跑步者的精神状态。故选B。
7．Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two paragraphs
A．To describe the experimental process.
B．To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C．To further illustrate the result of the finding.
D．To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的研究结论“listening to self-selected music...when listening to music”结合最后两段内容，尤其最后一段中的“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”可推知，最后两段引用Shaun Phillips说的话是为了进一步阐明研究结果。故选C。
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B．Motivational music cheers runners up.
C．Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D．Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段最后一句以及最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了在跑步时听个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现，即个性化音乐让跑步者不那么疲惫。故选A。
[词汇积累] 1．personalized adj.个性化的，为某人特制的→personal adj.个人的；亲自的→personally adv.在个人看来；亲自 2．motivation n．动力；积极性→motivate vt.成为……的动机；激励；激发→motivated adj.有动机的，有目的的；积极的→motivational adj.激发积极性的 3．investigate v．调查；研究→investigation n．调查；学术或科学研究 4．occurrence n．发生的事情，存在的事物；发生，出现→occur v．发生 5．endurance n．耐久力；忍耐力 [句式分析] Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill fights with mental tiredness and improves performance. 分析：此句为复合句。Based on practical experience为形容词短语作状语；that引导同位语从句，在这个从句中，while表示“与……同时”，与running on a treadmill一起构成状语从句的省略结构。 翻译：基于实践经验，最近的一项研究提供了新的证据，表明在跑步机上跑步时听音乐会对抗精神疲劳，并提高表现。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
3D-Printed Violins
While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how they were and who made them. 1 This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.
However，the good news for them is that they will meet with low-cost and durable(耐用的) 3D-printed violins thanks to The Acoustical Society of America’s AVIVA Young Artists Program.The team’s inspiration roots in multiple places.Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds created by using new materials，to use the new technology of other fields，and to make music education accessible through the printing of more durable instruments. 2 The method of distribution has yet to be decided—it could involve shipping fully printed violins，sharing the 3D-printing files with makers，or a combination of both.
3 The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to provide a comfortable grasp for the musicians，while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin.The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins. 4
“The next step is to lower the costs of production for making such instruments more widely available，especially in the field of education，” said Mary-Elizabeth Brown，director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program.Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology. 5 Effective results have been obtained from many of them.
A．The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B．Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C．Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D．Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E．Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F．3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G．The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
1．答案 C
解析 上文“While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one...”讲述了小提琴的价格非常昂贵，下文“This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.”讲述了前面所述情况让许多人难以接触到小提琴。由此可知，空处应承上启下，讲述小提琴的昂贵，C项“事实上，即使是学生们用的基础款小提琴也要花费1 000美元甚至更多”符合题意。故选C。
2．答案 G
解析 上文“Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds...”讲述了该项目的目标，空处应承接上文，G项“该项目还旨在为那些买不起小提琴的孩子们提供小提琴”符合题意，讲述了该项目的另一个目标。故选G。
3．答案 A
解析 下文“The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to...while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin.”讲述了琴颈和指板、琴身分别使用的材料，A项“这把小提琴是由3D打印出的两部分构成的”引出下文，选项中的“two pieces”对应下文中的“The neck and fingerboard”和“the violin’s body”。故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 上文“The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins.”讲述了3D打印出来的小提琴与常规小提琴之间的区别，此处应承接上文，讲述二者的其他差别，E项“此外，AVIVA小提琴比传统的木制小提琴更不易损坏”符合题意。故选E。
5．答案 B
解析 上文“Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.”提到用3D打印技术生产的乐器并不止小提琴，空处应承接上文，讲述有其他乐器被打印，B项“之前有许多乐器都被用3D打印机生产过”符合题意。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·江苏苏州高二上期中)
The full moon lights up the sky on 1. evening of the Lantern Festival.The festival，which falls 2. the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar，marks the end of more than two weeks of Chinese New Year 3. (celebration) each year.
Solving “lantern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival，which include eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon，and 4. (lose) in colorful lighted lanterns.These guessing games 5. (refer) to as lantern riddles because they involve riddles 6. (write) on lanterns or on slips of paper attached to lanterns.They often contain messages of great 7. (wise) and good fortune，and give children and others of all ages the opportunity to have fun while practicing language and problem-analyzing skills.
A good many of the classic riddles connect with Chinese characters，historical figures，literary references，or names of cities and other places in China.People must guess the answer by thinking about the 8. (vary) meanings of the words and phrases that make up the riddle.9._____________(basic)，a tip will be provided，such as indicating 10. the answer is a person，a place，or a thing.
1．答案 the
解析 考查定冠词。此处用定冠词the特指元宵节的晚上。故填the。
2．答案 on
解析 考查介词。根据空格后的具体日期the 15th day of the first month可知，具体的某一天前应用介词on。fall on“适逢”。故填on。
3．答案 celebrations
解析 考查名词的数。Chinese New Year作定语修饰名词，结合句意可知，新年的庆祝活动多种多样，应用可数名词celebration的复数形式。故填celebrations。
4．答案 being lost
解析 考查非谓语动词。由and表并列可知，空格处和eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon并列，在句中作include的宾语，应用动名词形式。be lost in为固定搭配，意为“沉浸在……中”。故填being lost。
5．答案 are referred
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处在主句中作谓语，refer与主语games之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are referred。
6．答案 written
解析 考查非谓语动词。because引导的原因状语从句谓语为involve，空格处在从句中作后置定语，修饰riddles，riddles和write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，write应用过去分词形式。故填written。
7．答案 wisdom
解析 考查名词。根据空格前的形容词great可知，空格处填名词，wisdom为不可数名词，作介词of的宾语。故填wisdom。
8．答案 various/varied
解析 考查形容词。根据空格后的名词meanings可知，空格处填形容词various/varied作定语。故填various/varied。
9．答案 Basically
解析 考查副词。空格处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词basically，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Basically。
10．答案 whether
解析 考查连词。whether...or...是固定结构，意为“是……或是……”。故填whether。(共82张PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
The universal language
Unit 2
内容索引
情境导读
语法总览
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并分析其所作成分
The angry mother shouted to the boy in a loud voice，“What’s up You were absent from class again！” Lowering his head，Bob responded at once，“①Sorry，mom，but I can’t resist going to the music concert held in the city hall.”Hearing this，the mother flushed with anger and screamed，“②As a student，studying is your first task.” ③Bob nodded his head and begged for his mother’s forgiveness for his being absent from class.“④It is no good doing something meaningless.Only if you put your heart into study will you have a bright future，” the mother warned.
1.句①中going to the music concert和句③中his being absent from class均为动词-ing形式作 。
2.句②中studying为动词-ing形式作 。
3.句④中It作 ，doing something meaningless为动词-ing形式作 。
宾语
主语
形式主语
返 回
真正的主语
语法总览
返 回
语法精讲
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1.动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
Working under these conditions is not a pleasant but an unbearable thing.
在这些条件下工作不是一件愉快的事，而是一件难以忍受的事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于人们保持健康。
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
注意：(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
(2)单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It’s a waste of time doing sth.
做某事是浪费时间。
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事没用/是值得的。
It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.
做某事没好处/没用/没意思。
It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us.
劝说如此固执的一个人加入我们是浪费时间。
It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel a second time.这么好的小说很值得再读一遍。
Just as the saying goes，it is no use crying over spilt milk.正如俗话所说：覆水难收。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等待别人为你做决定是没好处的。
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy/like，imagine，can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了当众被人看不起。
2.作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式可在单个的介词或在含介词的短语后作宾语，常见的含介词的短语有dream of/about，insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，be devoted to，be addicted to，get/be used to，pay attention to，care about，set about，be concerned about，be interested in，think of，aim at，set about，get down to，stick to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going hiking tomorrow.
因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的徒步旅行。
She has been looking forward to having a chance to pay a visit to Zhangjiajie.
她一直盼望有机会参观张家界。
3.在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略：
spend...(in) doing sth 花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
做某事有困难/麻烦
prohibit/stop/prevent...(from) doing sth
阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth
做某事很开心/很费劲
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意义。
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
Now that we have finished our work，there is no point staying any longer.
既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了。
4.有些动词如start，begin，continue等后面既可接动词-ing形式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，就像什么也没发生过似的。
5.有些动词(短语)后跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但意义不同，常见的有：
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记去做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
三、动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
四、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。
1．动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语
①肯定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋doing...
②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格＋not doing...
His/Tom’s coming to visit is a great encouragement to us.
他的/汤姆的来访对我们来说是极大的鼓励。
Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
2.动词-ing形式的复合结构作宾语
①肯定形式：
名词/名词的所有格
代词宾格/形容词性物主代词
＋动词-ing形式
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我关上窗户吗？
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window？你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
②否定形式：形容词性物主代词/代词宾格/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...
He apologized for his not being able to accompany me to the bookstore.
他因不能陪我去书店而道歉。
五、动词-ing的被动形式作主语和宾语
Being invited to the party was a great honour to the family.
被邀请参加晚会对这家人来说是莫大的荣幸。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.不被允许出去使他非常生气。
While shopping，women sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying more clothes than necessary.在购物时，女性有时会禁不住被劝说购买更多不必要的衣服。
To avoid being seen by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
为了避免被老师看见，托尼从后门偷偷溜进了教室。
注意：下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式：
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
The proposal deserves considering/to be considered.这个提议值得考虑。
返 回
达标检测
1.Jack couldn’t resist (play) computer games in his spare time.
2.He didn’t mind (she) crying，which made their relationship fall apart.
3.It is no good (associate) with such a selfish person.
4.As soon as they arrived at the farm，they got down to (pick) peaches.
5.Many people have suggested (set) up more nature reserves to protect rare animals.
playing
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
her
associating
picking
setting
6.What made her parents excited was her (admit) to her dream university.
7.Memorizing more words and expressions (be) of vital importance to English learning.
8. (bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was very young.
9.It is worthwhile (cycle) along the route，which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
10.For a lot of people， (become) a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
being admitted
is
Being brought
cycling
becoming
随着晚会的进行，话题转到了即将到来的节日。毫无疑问谈论圣诞节使每个人异常激动。然而，置身新环境里使Kelly完全沉默了，一种失落感向她袭来。
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
As the party went on，the topic turned to the coming festival.There was no doubt that 1. made everyone extremely excited.However,2. made Kelly totally silent，a sense of loss creeping up on her.
talking about Christmas
being in a new environment
Jennifer意识到发生了什么，这驱使她问道：“Kelly，泰国人在这个时候庆祝什么？”其他孩子忍不住非常好奇地问她。“为感谢水之母而庆祝一个大型的节日是我们通常所做的事。”
3. drove her to ask，“Kelly，what do Thai people celebrate at this time？” The other kids 4._________
with overwhelming curiosity.“5.___________________
to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.”
Jennifer’s being aware of what happened
couldn’t
resist asking her
Celebrating a grand
festival
Jennifer想出了一个好主意，她的眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒。“我们一起庆祝这个节日一定会玩得很开心。”朋友们的陪伴使得Kelly的乡愁消散了。
A good idea occurred to Jennifer，with her eyes twinkling with excitement.“We are bound to have a good time (in) 6._________________
.” 7. made Kelly’s homesickness melt away.
返 回
celebrating the
festival together
Being accompanied by friends
作业3
1.I regret to tell you that I forgot (tell) him the news.
2.He couldn’t help (weep) when enjoying the blues.
3.Keep in mind that it is no good (recite) without understanding.
4.It is essential for us (use) clone and artificial intelligence in a proper way.
5.You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (walk) home in the snowstorm.
6.The young students are so energetic that I enjoy ____________________
(surround) by them.
to tell
weeping
reciting
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
to use
walking
being surrounded
7.A foreign language needs (practise) frequently to be mastered.
8.As we all know， (combine) theory with practice will achieve dramatic results.
9. (expose) to loud music for a long time will have a negative effect on your hearing.
10.He was tired of (regard) as living a successful life，as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
practising/to be practised
combining
Being exposed
being regarded
1.我期待在您方便的时候早日收到您的回复。
at your convenience.
2.不可否认的是，经常锻炼和保持均衡的饮食对我们的健康非常有益处。
There is no denying that _________________________________________
.
3.自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
since he retired.
Ⅱ.单句写作
I am looking forward to receiving your early reply
exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet
are of great benefit to our health
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road
4.在森林里迷路使简后悔与她的丈夫吵架。
made Jane regret quarrelling with her husband.
5.听音乐感觉就像有人在我耳边轻声鼓励我。
Listening to music ______________________________________________
.
Being lost in the forest
feels like someone whispering encouragement in
my ear
A
(2024·河南许昌高二上期末)
According to a well-known team of researchers，there are three kinds of smiles：genuine(真诚的)，false，and miserable.How can we distinguish them In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自发的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.However，if they were to focus only on the face，they would probably know whether a smile was genuine or not.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于分心，大多数人在现实中无法察觉虚假的微笑。文中解释了微笑是如何自然而然发生的以及微笑在不同的国家有不同的含义。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
This is because two muscles are involved in spontaneous smiling.The first muscle is a ring-like band of muscle around each eye.When it contracts，it causes what we know as “smiling eyes”.The other muscle extends from the top of the cheekbone to the corners of the mouth.It moves the mouth upwards when we smile.This muscle on its own produces what we call the “mouth smile”. When people genuinely smile，in a spontaneous burst of positive emotions，the corners of the mouth move up and the muscles around the eyes also contract.It is these muscles that show that a smile is sincere.
Smiles can mean very different things in different countries.In the USA，for example，a smile is a friendly，positive gesture of trust.In contrast，in some Asian societies，people smile when they are happy，of course，but also when they feel anger，sadness，confusion，or embarrassment，perhaps to mask their true feelings.
Cultural norms aside，some people tend to smile more than others and that seems to indicate they are cheerful，optimistic types.But that relationship isn’t strictly true.Some people rarely smile and are quite happy.Others often have a smile on their face when they are actually feeling anxious.Human communication is full of uncertainties and we sometimes have a difficult time understanding each other，but a genuine，heartfelt smile that lights up a face can never be misunderstood.
1.What did the experiments show
A.Most people tend to force a smile when taking pictures.
B.People wearing a fake smile can be genuine sometimes.
C.People using body language are often smiling genuinely.
D.Most people fail to detect fake smiles in reality due to distractions.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自发的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.”可知，实验说明了由于分心，大多数人在现实中无法察觉虚假的微笑。故选D。
解析
2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.How to control facial muscles.
B.How smiles influence emotions.
C.How to distinguish different smiles.
D.How spontaneous smiling happens.
√
段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段第一句提到自发的微笑涉及两块肌肉，接着讲了第一块肌肉收缩时，会形成我们所知的“微笑的眼睛”。另一块肌肉会让嘴巴向上移动，产生我们所说的“嘴角微笑”。当人们真诚地微笑时，在一种自发的积极情绪爆发中，嘴角会上扬，眼睛周围的肌肉也会收缩。正是这些肌肉表明微笑是真诚的。由此可知，第二段主要讲了自然微笑是如何产生的。故选D。
解析
3.Why are the USA and some Asian societies mentioned in the text
A.To show the problems brought by smiling.
B.To show some cultural differences of smiling.
C.To explain how people hide their true feelings.
D.To explain why smiling more can have positive effects.
推理判断题。通读倒数第二段可知，该段第一句为段落主旨句，指出微笑在不同的国家有不同的含义。接着以美国和一些亚洲社会为例，说明了这一点。由此可知，文中提到美国和一些亚洲社会是为了展示与微笑相关的文化差异。故选B。
解析
√
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Smiling has little to do with character.
B.Smiling can clear up misunderstandings.
C.People rarely smiling are hard to get on with.
D.Uncertain smiles cannot lead to close relationships.
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，有些人比其他人更爱笑，这似乎表明他们是开朗、乐观的类型。但这种关系并不完全正确。有些人很少微笑，却很快乐。另一些人通常在他们感到焦虑的时候脸上挂着微笑。由此可推知，微笑与性格没什么关系。故选A。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
Do you listen to music at the gym Today，most gym-goers like to wear head-phones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing exercise.Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is walking or jogging
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在跑步时听自选的个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步机) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.According to a news release，this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”.These findings were published online ahead of print on June 22.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a series of cognitive(认知的) exams designed to put them in a mentally tired state.The researchers found that “listening to self-selected music in a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on their running capacity and performance，potentially due to changed perception of effort when listening to music”.
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities，including exercise.Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is，therefore，useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he added.“This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
5.What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 1
A.To make a comparison.
B.To lead in the topic.
C.To make a prediction.
D.To ask for information.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步机) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.”可推知，在第一段提出问题是为了引入本文所要讨论的话题——跑步时听音乐可以对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。故选B。
解析
6.What was taken into consideration in the experiment design
A.Runners’ cognitive levels.
B.Runners’ mental states.
C.Runners’ running ability.
D.Runners’ music preference.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For this study，researchers...designed to put them in a mentally tired state.”可知，实验是在跑步者精神疲惫的情况下进行的。由此可知，设计实验时考虑了跑步者的精神状态。故选B。
解析
√
7.Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two paragraphs
A.To describe the experimental process.
B.To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C.To further illustrate the result of the finding.
D.To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中的研究结论“listening to self-selected music...when listening to music”结合最后两段内容，尤其最后一段中的“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”可推知，最后两段引用Shaun Phillips说的话是为了进一步阐明研究结果。故选C。
解析
8.What is the main idea of the text
A.Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B.Motivational music cheers runners up.
C.Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D.Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段最后一句以及最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了在跑步时听个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现，即个性化音乐让跑步者不那么疲惫。故选A。
解析
1.personalized adj.个性化的，为某人特制的→personal adj.个人的；亲自的→personally adv.在个人看来；亲自
2.motivation n.动力；积极性→motivate vt.成为……的动机；激励；激发→motivated adj.有动机的，有目的的；积极的→motivational adj.激发积极性的
3.investigate v.调查；研究→investigation n.调查；学术或科学研究
4.occurrence n.发生的事情，存在的事物；发生，出现→occur v.发生
5.endurance n.耐久力；忍耐力
词汇积累
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.
分析：此句为复合句。Based on practical experience为形容词短语作状语；that引导同位语从句，在这个从句中，while表示“与……同时”，与running on a treadmill一起构成状语从句的省略结构。
翻译：基于实践经验，最近的一项研究提供了新的证据，表明在跑步机上跑步时听音乐会对抗精神疲劳，并提高表现。
句式分析
3D-Printed Violins
While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how they were and who made them.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了用3D技术打印小提琴的项目。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
1 This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one...”讲述了小提琴的价格非常昂贵，下文“This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.”讲述了前面所述情况让许多人难以接触到小提琴。由此可知，空处应承上启下，讲述小提琴的昂贵，C项“事实上，即使是学生们用的基础款小提琴也要花费1 000美元甚至更多”符合题意。故选C。
解析
However，the good news for them is that they will meet with low-cost and durable(耐用的) 3D-printed violins thanks to The Acoustical Society of America’s AVIVA Young Artists Program.The team’s inspiration roots in multiple places.Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds created by using new materials，to use the new technology of other fields，and to make music education accessible through the printing of more durable instruments.
2 The method of distribution has yet to be decided—it could involve shipping fully printed violins，sharing the 3D-printing files with makers，or a combination of both.
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds...”讲述了该项目的目标，空处应承接上文，G项“该项目还旨在为那些买不起小提琴的孩子们提供小提琴”符合题意，讲述了该项目的另一个目标。故选G。
解析
3 The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to provide a comfortable grasp for the musicians，while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
下文“The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to...while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin.”讲述了琴颈和指板、琴身分别使用的材料，A项“这把小提琴是由3D打印出的两部分构成的”引出下文，选项中的“two pieces”对应下文中的“The neck and fingerboard”和“the violin’s body”。故选A。
解析
much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin.The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins. 4
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins.”讲述了3D打印出来的小提琴与常规小提琴之间的区别，此处应承接上文，讲述二者的其他差别，E项“此外，AVIVA小提琴比传统的木制小提琴更不易损坏”符合题意。故选E。
解析
“The next step is to lower the costs of production for making such instruments more widely available，especially in the field of education，” said Mary-Elizabeth Brown，director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program.Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.
5 Effective results have been obtained from many of them.
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.”提到用3D打印技术生产的乐器并不止小提琴，空处应承接上文，讲述有其他乐器被打印，B项“之前有许多乐器都被用3D打印机生产过”符合题意。故选B。
解析
(2025·江苏苏州高二上期中)
The full moon lights up the sky on 1. evening of the Lantern Festival.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了元宵节的传统活动——猜灯谜。
the
考查定冠词。此处用定冠词the特指元宵节的晚上。故填the。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
The festival，which falls 2. the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar，marks the end of more than two weeks of Chinese New Year 3. (celebration) each year.
on
2.考查介词。根据空格后的具体日期the 15th day of the first month可知，具体的某一天前应用介词on。fall on“适逢”。故填on。
3.考查名词的数。Chinese New Year作定语修饰名词，结合句意可知，新年的庆祝活动多种多样，应用可数名词celebration的复数形式。故填celebrations。
解析
celebrations
Solving “lantern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival，which include eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon，and 4. (lose) in colorful lighted lanterns.
being lost
考查非谓语动词。由and表并列可知，空格处和eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon并列，在句中作include的宾语，应用动名词形式。be lost in为固定搭配，意为“沉浸在……中”。故填being lost。
解析
These guessing games 5. (refer) to as lantern riddles because they involve riddles 6. (write) on lanterns or on slips of paper attached to lanterns.
are referred
5.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处在主句中作谓语，refer与主语games之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are referred。
6.考查非谓语动词。because引导的原因状语从句谓语为involve，空格处在从句中作后置定语，修饰riddles，riddles和write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，write应用过去分词形式。故填written。
解析
written
They often contain messages of great 7. (wise) and good fortune，and give children and others of all ages the opportunity to have fun while practicing language and problem-analyzing skills.
wisdom
考查名词。根据空格前的形容词great可知，空格处填名词，wisdom为不可数名词，作介词of的宾语。故填wisdom。
解析
A good many of the classic riddles connect with Chinese characters，historical figures，literary references，or names of cities and other places in China.People must guess the answer by thinking about the 8._______________(vary) meanings of the words and phrases that make up the riddle.
various/varied
考查形容词。根据空格后的名词meanings可知，空格处填形容词various/varied作定语。故填various/varied。
解析
9.________(basic)，a tip will be provided，such as indicating 10._______
the answer is a person，a place，or a thing.
Basically
9.考查副词。空格处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词basically，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Basically。
10.考查连词。whether...or...是固定结构，意为“是……或是……”。故填whether。
解析
whether
返 回
本课结束
