Period 3 Grammar and usage—Overview of to-infinitives，verb-ing and verb-ed forms
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习
①Drawing inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.The main principle of its design is ② to recreate/recreating natural landscapes in miniature.First ③established in the Ming Dynasty，the original garden ④containing a rockery to symbolize Tiantai Mountain became famous overnight.Pine and bamboo groves were added later，along with a pond and an island.Visitors would be ⑤astonished to find the garden ⑥modeled closely on natural features.Visitors are also supposed ⑦to explore it scene-by-scene.This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish，to a tree in blossom，a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
以上黑体部分都是动词的非谓语形式，非谓语有三种形式：动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式和动词不定式；非谓语可以在句中充当主语(如①)，表语(如②和⑤)，宾语(如⑦)，定语(如④)，状语(如③)，补语(如⑥)等。
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：
功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √
一、作主语
1．动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。如：
Undergoing numerous challenges has made her more confident.
经历了许多挑战让她变得更加自信了。
Being misunderstood by my teacher made me depressed.
被我的老师误解使我沮丧。
To detect the implied dimension of a poem is important.
＝It is important to detect the implied dimension of a poem.
发现一首诗隐含的方面是很重要的。
2．动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。常用于下列句型It’s a waste of time doing sth“做某事是浪费时间”，It’s no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth“做某事无益/没用/没意思”。如：
It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.
不懂装懂是不好的。
It is no use reading without grasping the meaning.
只读而不能领会其意是没有用的。
二、作宾语
1．动词不定式作宾语
在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine，decide等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。如：
To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation.
令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。
The novelist decided to break with the rigid rules and advocate innovation.
这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语
在advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest，quit等动词后，以及在短语burst out，can’t stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，focus/concentrate on，look forward to，be addicted to，put off，devote...to，object to，get down to，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，have fun等后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。如：
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car.
他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
There is no doubt that I have little difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.
毫无疑问，我和外国人交流没有什么困难。
3．介词后要接动词-ing形式作宾语，如：
You’d better have your hair cut and get a suit made to measure before going to the interview.
在去面试之前，你最好剪好头发，定做一套西装。
注意：on/upon doing sth＝as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。如：
On his arrival/On arriving at the station，he found the train had just started.
一到车站，他就发现火车刚刚开动。
4．在like，love，begin，start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。如：
I like to go climbing when I’m available.
＝I like going climbing when I’m available.
我有空的时候喜欢去爬山。
It started raining when I got home.
＝It started to rain when I got home.
我到家的时候开始下雨了。
5．在remember，forget，regret，stop，try，mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。如：
How I regretted arguing with her about the important question，which made us both unhappy.
我多么后悔和她争论那个重要的问题，那使我们俩都不高兴。
I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你一起去北京了。
三、作表语
1．动词不定式作表语
动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式还可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以省略。如：
My job this evening is to look after the baby for her.
我今晚的工作是替她照看婴儿。
My hope for my daughters is to distinguish between right and wrong.
我希望我的女儿们能明辨是非。
All I did was (to) give him a little push.
我只是推了他一下。
2．动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。如：
She felt very depressed about the future.
她感到前途无望。
The book was so fascinating that I was totally absorbed in it.
这本书太精彩了，我完全被它吸引住了。
Her part-time job is teaching yoga in a school.
她的兼职工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。
四、作定语
1．动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事或表示主动意义，动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如：
I have something unusual to do before going back.回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。
The student majoring in law made a comment on the matter.
这名法律专业的学生对此事发表了评论。
Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground before class.上课前杰克清理了地上的落叶。
His first book published last month is based on a true story.
上个月出版的他的第一本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。
2．动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。如：
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.将于下个月出版的他的第一本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。
Do you see the gallery being built over there
你看到那边正在建的美术馆了吗？
五、作状语
1．动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时不定式前常加only。
To dig up more clues，he collected and studied a lot of information.
为了挖掘更多的线索，他收集和研究了大量的信息。
He hurried to the train station，only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
注意：动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。如：
Many highways have been built in China，making it easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国修建了许多高速公路，使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更加便利。
2．动词-ing形式作状语
(1)一般式(doing)：表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。如：
The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.(主动关系)
太阳开始升起，使这座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。
(2)完成式(having done)：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：
Having participated in some similar activities，I gained a lot of experience.
我参加过一些类似的活动，获得了很多经验。
3．动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。如：
Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)
从山顶上看，这座城市非常漂亮。
Having been well tended for a year，my granny got better.
得到一年的精心照料，我奶奶的情况好转了。
六、作补语
1．在expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn，invite等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We can always expect him to help us whenever we are in trouble.每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。
I sincerely invite you to participate in the activity held by our school.
我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的这次活动。
2．在see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。如：
I saw him cross the street and enter a shop.
我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。
I saw him crossing the street.
我看见他正在过马路。
3．动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。如：
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.我惊讶地发现我的家乡发生了这么大的变化。
It’s requested that we should get the work finished by 10 o’clock.
我们被要求在10点前完成这项工作。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Having bought(buy) all the things he needed，he went back home.
2．He hurried to the airport，only to be told(tell) the plane had taken off.
3．We had an anxious couple of weeks，waiting(wait) for the results of the experiment.
4．Walking(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon made him feel the warmth of spring.
5．All the staff in our company are considering going(go) to the city centre for the fashion show.
6．John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished(finish)，he gladly accepted it.
7．When we visited my old family home in a remote village，memory came flooding(flood) back.
8．He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested(interest) in his lectures.
9．To ensure(ensure) the safety of gas，the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
10．Ideally located(locate) for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1.written(write) by you.In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2.seeing(see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others.
After I finished 3.reading(read) this letter，I felt quite 4.shocked(shock) at your expectation of me.I also felt ashamed for not 5.having performed/performing(perform) well to meet your demand before.I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed 6.to apply(apply) myself to studying.You didn’t blame me at all.Instead，you taught me that 7.studying(study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8.to try(try) hard.Only when I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9.to find(find) I didn’t do well for myself.
I can’t help 10.expressing(express) my gratitude to you.
作业3 Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．You don’t have to run fast or for long to see(see) the benefit.
2．It is no use advocating(advocate) such a life in a remote village.
3．The question to be discussed(discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is very important.
4．Taking(take) part in some social activities is a good choice for us students to improve ourselves.
5．Many factors can result in obesity，including skipping(skip) breakfast，lack of physical activity and so on.
6．I didn’t mean to eat(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying(try) it.
7．To help(help) us learn more efficiently，the teacher suggested reading(read) through our notes on a weekly basis.
8．The distinguished(distinguish) novelist spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself understood(understand)．
9．Earth Day，marked(mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming(aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
10．I still remember visiting(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
1．He hurried to the airport，only to find the plane high up in the sky.
他匆匆赶到机场，却发现飞机在高空中。
2．I regret to inform you that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过面试。
3．It is our duty to analyse the problem and see what went wrong.
我们有责任分析问题，看看哪里出了差错。
4．I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。
5．Having so many years of experience，he has the capacity/ability to organize the Chinese painting exhibition to be held on Friday perfectly.
有这么多年的经验，他有能力完美地组织将在周五举行的中国画展。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·河南焦作高二上期中)
Imagine you’re walking through a forest，and the path turns into two different routes.How do you pick which route to walk？and how do you feel about the one you don’t choose These are key themes in Robert Frost’s famous 1915 poem，The Road Not Taken.
Frost was born in San Francisco in 1874，and is remembered as one of the greatest American poets.His poems explore things like morality and self-discovery，as well as nature and rural life.However，The Road Not Taken was actually written as a joke about another poet，Edward Thomas.Frost lived for a period in England，where he became friends with Thomas.The two would take long walks in the countryside together，and Thomas often had trouble choosing which way to go.
When Frost read the poem to a group of college students，they took it seriously，unaware of its playful origins.Of course，Frost did say to them，“I’m never more serious than when joking.”
The poet’s choices can act as an extended metaphor(隐喻) for the choices we all have to make in life.In the poem，the poet talks about regretting that they can’t take both paths—just as choosing one path in life often means other options become impossible.In the end，the poet chooses the road that looks “less traveled by”，which many readers take as making the poem contain more about individualism too—doing things your own way，not as everyone else does.
The poem became more serious thanks to World War Ⅰ.Frost left England to avoid the war，but Thomas couldn’t decide whether to stay and fight or to follow Frost to America.In 1915，Frost sent the poem to Thomas.And while it wasn’t the only reason Thomas finally decided to fight in the war，he felt it was making fun of his indecision.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Robert Frost 创作的The Road Not Taken这首诗及其背后的故事。
1．What inspired Frost to write the poem The Road Not Taken
A．The countryside life.
B．One of his friends.
C．His difficulty in making choices.
D．His eagerness for self-discovery.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，The Road Not Taken was actually written as a joke about another poet，Edward Thomas.Frost lived for a period in England，where he became friends with Thomas.The two would take long walks in the countryside together，and Thomas often had trouble choosing which way to go.”可知，Frost 最初创作这首诗是受到一个朋友的启发。故选B。
2．What did Frost’s words “I’m never more serious than when joking” in paragraph 3 suggest
A．The poem contained some hidden meanings.
B．The poem was not meant to be taken seriously.
C．He did not regard his own writing as important.
D．He put lots of efforts into the creation of the poem.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，诗人的选择可以作为我们在生活中必须做出的选择的延伸隐喻。在这首诗中，诗人谈到了他们不能两条路都走的遗憾——就像在生活中选择一条路往往意味着其他选择变得不可能一样。最后，诗人选择了一条看起来“人迹罕至”的道路，许多读者认为这使得这首诗也包含了更多的个人主义——以自己的方式做事，而不是像其他人那样。由此可知，这首诗并不仅仅是为了取笑朋友而作，相反，它蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。故选A。
3．How do many readers interpret the poet’s choice of the road
A．A way of displaying individualism.
B．A representation of life’s unavoidable challenges.
C．A piece of advice about following others’ choices.
D．An expression of regret for not taking the other path.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the end，the poet chooses the road that looks ‘less traveled by’，which many readers take as making the poem contain more about individualism too—doing things your own way，not as everyone else does.”可知，许多读者认为诗人对道路的选择是一种个人主义的表达。故选A。
4．What lesson can be learned from the story behind The Road Not Taken
A．Humor has no place in the serious works of literature.
B．It is important to think over something said by poets.
C．Even good friends can finally take separate paths.
D．Even the most playful creation can become something significant.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了The Road Not Taken这首诗的创作背景及其深层内涵，通过介绍告诉读者即使是出于玩笑或轻松创作的作品，也可能因为读者的解读和时代的变迁而变得具有深远的意义。即The Road Not Taken这首诗背后的故事告诉我们即使是最有趣的创作也能成为有意义的东西。故选D。
B(此篇精读)
It is generally supposed that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798.However，it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development.The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848.Politically，it was inspired by the revolutions in America and France.Emotionally，it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience together with the sense of the limitless and the transcendental(抽象的)．In Britain，Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge，Blake and Burns.The second generation of British Romantics—Byron，Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences，wrote quickly，travelled widely and their life stories and letters became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry.
Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic.It is，in fact，a collective term to mean certain characteristics，such as mysticism(神秘主义)，humanism，supernaturalism，love of beauty，love of nature，love of equality.The chief characteristics of romantic poetry are as the following：
Subjectivity: All romantic literature is subjective.It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist.The poet gives free expression to his feelings，emotions，experiences，thoughts and ideas and does not care for rules and regulations.The emphasis is laid on inspiration and intuition(直觉)．
Love of Nature: Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all romantic poetry.Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world.All poets were lovers of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature.To them，nature was a friend，a lover，a mother，sister and a teacher.
Imagination and Emotion: The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion.The Wordsworth’s romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of creative imagination，childhood memories，beauty of nature，the role of nature as a guiding spirit.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国浪漫主义文学运动以及浪漫主义诗歌的特点。
5．What can we know about the English Romantic Movement
A．It originated at the later part of 18th century.
B．It emphasized the value of policies.
C．It was caused by sudden growth and development.
D．It was affected by the Russian revolution.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848.”可知，英国的浪漫主义运动起源于1770年，也就是18世纪后期。故选A。
6．Which of the following clarifies Romanticism properly
A．It focuses on inspiration and reality.
B．It hides the inner desires of poets.
C．It is a term involving some certain features.
D．It is controlled by rules and regulations.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic.It is，in fact，a collective term to mean certain characteristics，such as...”可知，浪漫主义是一个包含某些特征的集合术语，故选C。
7．What does romantic poetry play a role in
A．Showing us another way to read novels.
B．Keeping us enjoying the company of nature.
C．Asking us to respect city atmosphere.
D．Making us always be enthusiastic.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world.”可知，浪漫主义诗歌将我们带离不舒适的城市氛围，让我们享受自然的陪伴，也就是说浪漫主义诗歌在让我们享受与大自然的相处中起着重要作用。故选B。
8．How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion
A．By using a quotation.
B．By using personification.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By giving an example.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Wordsworth’s romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of creative imagination，childhood memories，beauty of nature，the role of nature as a guiding spirit.”可知，作者通过举例子来解释浪漫主义诗歌的想象和情感的特征，故选D。
[词汇积累] 1．claim v．声称；索取；夺去(生命) n．声称，主张(文义)；权利；索赔 2．collective adj.集体的，共有的；总体的 3．equality(派)＝equal＋ity n．(社会地位、待遇上的)平等；均等，相等 4．subjectivity n．主观性，主观→subjective adj.主观的 5．lay emphasis on 强调 [句式分析] The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848. 分析：此句为复合句。which引导的是定语从句。 翻译：浪漫主义是一场文学运动，发生于1770年至1848年之间的英国和整个欧洲。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2024·河北石家庄高二上期末)
Poetry has healing powers.To get more joy and peace，we don’t have to be a professional poet but we can develop a poetic mindset(心态)． 1
Be in awe(敬畏) of everything.
The poetic mindset starts with the idea that nothing is an accident.Everything is interrelated(相互关联的) and plays a part in a greater whole. 2 Close your eyes.Now open them.What is the first thing you see Look closer.Ask yourself: What does it look like What does it remind you of Does it bring happy thoughts or sad ones Why I bet your randomly selected object is full of meaning.
3
A poem is a place where you can pour out your hard feelings.Don’t be afraid.You can always throw the page into the fireplace once you’ve filled it. 4 Poetry can be a storeroom for everything difficult in your life.But there’s more.I find when I write about something I’m struggling with，my negative feeling begins to become weaker.
Seek what inspires you.
Life isn’t perfect，but you can live with love and trust anyway. 5 There is always goodness to be found once you train yourself to look for it.Poetry to me is a form of praise.I build poems from things I see，people I meet and thoughts and feelings found deep inside.As I present those treasures in poetic language，I am appreciating what is good in them.
A．Let pain be your teacher.
B．How can we manage it in an easy way
C．What are the steps of writing a good poem
D．Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom.
E．Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.
F．Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.
G．Therefore，everything deserves notice and even appreciation.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。诗歌有治愈功能，尽管我们不能成为专业的诗人，但是我们可以培养诗意的心态，文章主要介绍了几种培养诗意心态的方法。
1．答案 B
解析 空前“To get more joy and peace，we don’t have to be a professional poet but we can develop a poetic mindset(心态)．”提出了要培养诗意的心态，且后文介绍了三种方法，故B项“我们应该怎样简单地做到这一点呢？”符合语境，承上启下，故选B。
2．答案 G
解析 空前“Everything is interrelated(相互关联的) and plays a part in a greater whole.”说明所有事情都是相互联系的，都很有意义，G项“因此，每件事都值得关注甚至欣赏”与上文形成因果关系，故选G。
3．答案 A
解析 根据本段内容“A poem is a place where you can pour out your hard feelings.”以及“Poetry can be a storeroom for everything difficult in your life.But there’s more...”可知，本段主要介绍诗歌能帮助你处理生活中的负面情绪和难题，让你更加积极地面对人生，A项“让痛苦做你的老师”概括段意，适合作小标题，故选A。
4．答案 E
解析 空前“Don’t be afraid.You can always throw the page into the fireplace once you’ve filled it.”提出了如何处理写下来的负面情绪，E项“或者把它封在信封里，以后再来看”提出另一种处理方法，故选E。
5．答案 D
解析 上文“Life isn’t perfect，but you can live with love and trust anyway.”提到“尽管生活并不完美，你也可以生活在爱和信任之中”的道理，下文“Poetry to me...”是描述自己通过诗歌寻找生活中的美好，故空处应是描述诗歌和上文所述的道理之间的联系，D项“诗歌帮助我们记住这一重要的智慧”符合语境，故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2024·湖南郴州高二上期末)
When Chinese people think about romantic poets，Li Bai’s name probably springs to their mind.With his extraordinary imagination，free expression of strong feelings 1.________ mastery of language，Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan.
Li Bai’s romantic style was 2. (deep) rooted in his love of reading and travelling from a young age.Reading books of all kinds，he familiarized 3. (he) with classical Chinese culture，and acquired the 4. (wise) of previous generations.Besides，a burning desire for adventure and travel 5. (drive) him to visit famous mountains and great rivers almost around the whole country，enabling him to encounter different customs and practices.
The social and historical context 6. Li Bai lived also contributed to his romantic style.It was the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty,7. time of economic boom and social stability,8. (create) an open and tolerant atmosphere.This allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production.
Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe a debt 9. his inspirational poems.Today，Li Bai’s poetry continues 10. (enjoy) by countless readers around the world.
1．答案 and
解析 考查连词。根据句意可知，空前“extraordinary imagination”“free expression of strong feelings”和空后“mastery of language”为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
2．答案 deeply
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，此处修饰谓语动词应填副词。故填deeply。
3．答案 himself
解析 考查代词。根据句意可知，此处表示“使他自己熟悉”，故用反身代词himself。故填himself。
4．答案 wisdom
解析 考查名词。由空前定冠词the可知，此处为名词形式，wisdom为不可数名词，故填wisdom。
5．答案 drove
解析 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态可知，此处应陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填drove。
6．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词The social and historical context在从句中作抽象地点状语。故填where。
7．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。此处time为可数名词，表示泛指，且time的发音以辅音音素开头，所以此处为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。
8．答案 creating
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，create和逻辑主语It为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填creating。
9．答案 to
解析 考查介词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语owe a debt to...“欠……的债，得益于……”。故填to。
10．答案 to be enjoyed/being enjoyed
解析 考查动词短语和被动语态。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语continue to do或continue doing“继续做某事”，满足句意要求，poetry和enjoy之间为被动关系，故填to be enjoyed/being enjoyed。(共85张PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Overview of to-infinitives，verb-ing and verb-ed forms
Exploring poetry
Unit 4
内容索引
情境导读
语法总览
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习
①Drawing inspiration from nature is a tradition that goes back centuries.Nowhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden of Suzhou.The main principle of its design is ② to recreate/recreating natural landscapes in miniature.First ③established in the Ming Dynasty，the original garden ④containing a rockery to symbolize Tiantai Mountain became famous overnight.Pine and bamboo groves were added later，along with a pond and an island.Visitors would be ⑤astonished to find the garden ⑥modeled closely on natural features.Visitors are also supposed ⑦to explore it scene-by-scene.This could vary from a view of a pond and the splashing of fish，to a tree in blossom，a pagoda or a moon-shaped gate.
以上加颜色部分都是动词的 形式，非谓语有三种形式：________
，___________和___________；非谓语可以在句中充当 (如①)，
(如②和⑤)， (如⑦)， (如④)，状语(如③)，补语(如⑥)等。
非谓语
返 回
动词-ing
形式
动词-ed形式
主语
表语
宾语
定语
动词不定式
语法总览
返 回
语法精讲
非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表：
功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动词-ed形式 √ √ √ √
一、作主语
1.动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。如：
Undergoing numerous challenges has made her more confident.
经历了许多挑战让她变得更加自信了。
Being misunderstood by my teacher made me depressed.
被我的老师误解使我沮丧。
To detect the implied dimension of a poem is important.
＝It is important to detect the implied dimension of a poem.
发现一首诗隐含的方面是很重要的。
2.动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。常用于下列句型It’s a waste of time doing sth“做某事是浪费时间”，It’s no good/use/fun/pleasure doing sth“做某事无益/没用/没意思”。如：
It is no good pretending to know what you do not know.
不懂装懂是不好的。
It is no use reading without grasping the meaning.
只读而不能领会其意是没有用的。
二、作宾语
1.动词不定式作宾语
在afford，agree，arrange，choose，claim，desire，expect，fail，hope，intend，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，determine，decide等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。如：
To my great disappointment，he refused to accept my invitation.
令我大失所望的是，他拒绝接受我的邀请。
The novelist decided to break with the rigid rules and advocate innovation.
这位小说家决定打破陈规，提倡创新。
2.动词-ing形式作宾语
在advise，admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest，quit等动词后，以及在短语burst out，can’t stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，focus/concentrate on，look forward to，be addicted to，put off，devote...to，object to，get down to，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，have fun等后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。如：
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car.
他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
There is no doubt that I have little difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.
毫无疑问，我和外国人交流没有什么困难。
3.介词后要接动词-ing形式作宾语，如：
You’d better have your hair cut and get a suit made to measure before going to the interview.
在去面试之前，你最好剪好头发，定做一套西装。
注意：on/upon doing sth＝as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。如：
On his arrival/On arriving at the station，he found the train had just started.
一到车站，他就发现火车刚刚开动。
4.在like，love，begin，start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者区别不大，常可以交换使用。如：
I like to go climbing when I’m available.
＝I like going climbing when I’m available.
我有空的时候喜欢去爬山。
It started raining when I got home.
＝It started to rain when I got home.
我到家的时候开始下雨了。
5.在remember，forget，regret，stop，try，mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但二者意义不同。如：
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘记曾经做过某事
remember to do sth记得去做某事remember doing sth记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth很遗憾地去做某事
regret doing sth后悔做了某事
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth停止做某事
mean to do sth意欲/打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
try to do sth尽力去做某事
try doing sth试着去做某事
How I regretted arguing with her about the important question，which made us both unhappy.
我多么后悔和她争论那个重要的问题，那使我们俩都不高兴。
I regret to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.
我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你一起去北京了。
三、作表语
1.动词不定式作表语
动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式还可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以省略。如：
My job this evening is to look after the baby for her.
我今晚的工作是替她照看婴儿。
My hope for my daughters is to distinguish between right and wrong.
我希望我的女儿们能明辨是非。
All I did was (to) give him a little push.
我只是推了他一下。
2.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。如：
She felt very depressed about the future.
她感到前途无望。
The book was so fascinating that I was totally absorbed in it.
这本书太精彩了，我完全被它吸引住了。
Her part-time job is teaching yoga in a school.
她的兼职工作是在一所学校教瑜伽。
四、作定语
1.动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事或表示主动意义，动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。如：
I have something unusual to do before going back.回去之前我有些不寻常的事要做。
The student majoring in law made a comment on the matter.
这名法律专业的学生对此事发表了评论。
Jack cleared the fallen leaves on the ground before class.上课前杰克清理了地上的落叶。
His first book published last month is based on a true story.
上个月出版的他的第一本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。
2.动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。如：
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.将于下个月出版的他的第一本书是根据一个真实故事写成的。
Do you see the gallery being built over there
你看到那边正在建的美术馆了吗？
五、作状语
1.动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果，表示结果时不定式前常加only。
To dig up more clues，he collected and studied a lot of information.
为了挖掘更多的线索，他收集和研究了大量的信息。
He hurried to the train station，only to find the train had left.
他匆忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
注意：动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。如：
Many highways have been built in China，making it easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国修建了许多高速公路，使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行更加便利。
2.动词-ing形式作状语
(1)一般式(doing)：表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。如：
The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.(主动关系)
太阳开始升起，使这座山沐浴在金色的阳光中。
(2)完成式(having done)：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：
Having participated in some similar activities，I gained a lot of experience.
我参加过一些类似的活动，获得了很多经验。
3.动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。如：
Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系)
从山顶上看，这座城市非常漂亮。
Having been well tended for a year，my granny got better.
得到一年的精心照料，我奶奶的情况好转了。
六、作补语
1.在expect，forbid，force，order，permit，request，warn，invite等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We can always expect him to help us whenever we are in trouble.每当我们遇到困难的时候，我们总是可以指望他帮助我们。
I sincerely invite you to participate in the activity held by our school.
我真诚地邀请你参加我们学校举办的这次活动。
2.在see，hear，notice，watch，feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。如：
I saw him cross the street and enter a shop.
我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。
I saw him crossing the street.
我看见他正在过马路。
3.动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。如：
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.我惊讶地发现我的家乡发生了这么大的变化。
It’s requested that we should get the work finished by 10 o’clock.
我们被要求在10点前完成这项工作。
返 回
达标检测
1. (buy) all the things he needed，he went back home.
2.He hurried to the airport，only (tell) the plane had taken off.
3.We had an anxious couple of weeks， (wait) for the results of the experiment.
4. (walk) in the fields on a March afternoon made him feel the warmth of spring.
5.All the staff in our company are considering (go) to the city centre for the fashion show.
Having bought
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
to be told
waiting
Walking
going
6.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work ___________
(finish)，he gladly accepted it.
7.When we visited my old family home in a remote village，memory came (flood) back.
8.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them
(interest) in his lectures.
9. (ensure) the safety of gas，the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
10.Ideally (locate) for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.
finished
flooding
interested
To ensure
located
On your 46th birthday，Mom gave me the letter 1. (write) by you.In your letter，you said you were looking forward to 2. (see) me fighting for my future bravely and doing well for myself and others.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
After I finished 3. (read) this letter，I felt quite 4._________
(shock) at your expectation of me.I also felt ashamed for not 5.__________
(perform) well to meet your demand before.I still remember when I was in primary school，I failed 6._______ (apply) myself to studying.You didn’t blame me at all.Instead，
written
seeing
reading
shocked
having
performed/performing
to apply
you taught me that 7. (study) was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me 8. (try) hard.Only when I read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad 9. (find) I didn’t do well for myself.
I can’t help 10. (express) my gratitude to you.
studying
to try
to find
expressing
返 回
作业3
1.You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
2.It is no use (advocate) such a life in a remote village.
3.The question (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is very important.
4. (take) part in some social activities is a good choice for us students to improve ourselves.
5.Many factors can result in obesity，including (skip) breakfast，lack of physical activity and so on.
to see
advocating
to be discussed
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
Taking
skipping
6.I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help (try) it.
7. (help) us learn more efficiently，the teacher suggested
(read) through our notes on a weekly basis.
8.The (distinguish) novelist spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself (understand).
9.Earth Day， (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event (aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
to eat
trying
To help
reading
distinguished
understood
marked
aiming
10.I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
visiting
shocked
1.He hurried to the airport， .
他匆匆赶到机场，却发现飞机在高空中。
2.I that you didn’t pass the interview.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过面试。
3.It is our duty and see what went wrong.
我们有责任分析问题，看看哪里出了差错。
Ⅱ.完成句子
only to find the plane high up in the sky
regret to inform you
to analyse the problem
4.I I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。
5.Having so many years of experience，_____________________________
the Chinese painting exhibition to be held on Friday perfectly.
有这么多年的经验，他有能力完美地组织将在周五举行的中国画展。
was disappointed at the film
he has the capacity/ability to
organize
A
(2025·河南焦作高二上期中)
Imagine you’re walking through a forest，and the path turns into two different routes.How do you pick which route to walk？and how do you feel about the one you don’t choose These are key themes in Robert Frost’s famous 1915 poem，The Road Not Taken.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Robert Frost 创作的The Road Not Taken这首诗及其背后的故事。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Frost was born in San Francisco in 1874，and is remembered as one of the greatest American poets.His poems explore things like morality and self-discovery，as well as nature and rural life.However，The Road Not Taken was actually written as a joke about another poet，Edward Thomas.Frost lived for a period in England，where he became friends with Thomas.The two would take long walks in the countryside together，and Thomas often had trouble choosing which way to go.
When Frost read the poem to a group of college students，they took it seriously，unaware of its playful origins.Of course，Frost did say to them，“I’m never more serious than when joking.”
The poet’s choices can act as an extended metaphor(隐喻) for the choices we all have to make in life.In the poem，the poet talks about regretting that they can’t take both paths—just as choosing one path in life often means other options become impossible.In the end，the poet chooses the road that looks “less traveled by”，which many readers take as making the poem contain more about individualism too—doing things your own way，not as everyone else does.
The poem became more serious thanks to World War Ⅰ.Frost left England to avoid the war，but Thomas couldn’t decide whether to stay and fight or to follow Frost to America.In 1915，Frost sent the poem to Thomas.And while it wasn’t the only reason Thomas finally decided to fight in the war，he felt it was making fun of his indecision.
1.What inspired Frost to write the poem The Road Not Taken
A.The countryside life.
B.One of his friends.
C.His difficulty in making choices.
D.His eagerness for self-discovery.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，The Road Not Taken was actually written as a joke about another poet，Edward Thomas.Frost lived for a period in England，where he became friends with Thomas.The two would take long walks in the countryside together，and Thomas often had trouble choosing which way to go.”可知，Frost 最初创作这首诗是受到一个朋友的启发。故选B。
解析
2.What did Frost’s words “I’m never more serious than when joking” in paragraph 3 suggest
A.The poem contained some hidden meanings.
B.The poem was not meant to be taken seriously.
C.He did not regard his own writing as important.
D.He put lots of efforts into the creation of the poem.
√
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，诗人的选择可以作为我们在生活中必须做出的选择的延伸隐喻。在这首诗中，诗人谈到了他们不能两条路都走的遗憾——就像在生活中选择一条路往往意味着其他选择变得不可能一样。最后，诗人选择了一条看起来“人迹罕至”的道路，许多读者认为这使得这首诗也包含了更多的个人主义——以自己的方式做事，而不是像其他人那样。由此可知，这首诗并不仅仅是为了取笑朋友而作，相反，它蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。故选A。
解析
3.How do many readers interpret the poet’s choice of the road
A.A way of displaying individualism.
B.A representation of life’s unavoidable challenges.
C.A piece of advice about following others’ choices.
D.An expression of regret for not taking the other path.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the end，the poet chooses the road that looks ‘less traveled by’，which many readers take as making the poem contain more about individualism too—doing things your own way，not as everyone else does.”可知，许多读者认为诗人对道路的选择是一种个人主义的表达。故选A。
解析
√
4.What lesson can be learned from the story behind The Road Not Taken
A.Humor has no place in the serious works of literature.
B.It is important to think over something said by poets.
C.Even good friends can finally take separate paths.
D.Even the most playful creation can become something significant.
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了The Road Not Taken这首诗的创作背景及其深层内涵，通过介绍告诉读者即使是出于玩笑或轻松创作的作品，也可能因为读者的解读和时代的变迁而变得具有深远的意义。即The Road Not Taken这首诗背后的故事告诉我们即使是最有趣的创作也能成为有意义的东西。故选D。
解析
√
B(此篇精读)
It is generally supposed that the English Romantic Movement began in 1798.However，it is not a sudden outbreak but the result of long and gradual growth and development.The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848.Politically，it was inspired by the revolutions in America and France.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国浪漫主义文学运动以及浪漫主义诗歌的特点。
Emotionally，it expressed an extreme claim of the self and the value of the individual experience together with the sense of the limitless and the transcendental(抽象的).In Britain，Romantic writers of the first generation included Wordsworth and Coleridge，Blake and Burns.The second generation of British Romantics—Byron，Shelley and Keats absorbed these influences，wrote quickly，travelled widely and their life stories and letters became almost as important for Romanticism as their poetry.
Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic.It is，in fact，a collective term to mean certain characteristics，such as mysticism(神秘主义)，humanism，supernaturalism，love of beauty，love of nature，love of equality.The chief characteristics of romantic poetry are as the following：
Subjectivity: All romantic literature is subjective.It is an expression of the inner urges of the soul of the artist.The poet gives free expression to his feelings，emotions，experiences，thoughts and ideas and does not care for rules and regulations.The emphasis is laid on inspiration and intuition(直觉).
Love of Nature: Enthusiasm for the beauties of the external world characterizes all romantic poetry.Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world.All poets were lovers of nature and looked at the beautiful aspects of nature.To them，nature was a friend，a lover，a mother，sister and a teacher.
Imagination and Emotion: The romantic poets laid emphasis on imagination and emotion.The Wordsworth’s romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of creative imagination，childhood memories，beauty of nature，the role of nature as a guiding spirit.
5.What can we know about the English Romantic Movement
A.It originated at the later part of 18th century.
B.It emphasized the value of policies.
C.It was caused by sudden growth and development.
D.It was affected by the Russian revolution.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848.”可知，英国的浪漫主义运动起源于1770年，也就是18世纪后期。故选A。
解析
6.Which of the following clarifies Romanticism properly
A.It focuses on inspiration and reality.
B.It hides the inner desires of poets.
C.It is a term involving some certain features.
D.It is controlled by rules and regulations.
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Romanticism does not mean one thing or one characteristic.It is，in fact，a collective term to mean certain characteristics，such as...”可知，浪漫主义是一个包含某些特征的集合术语，故选C。
解析
√
7.What does romantic poetry play a role in
A.Showing us another way to read novels.
B.Keeping us enjoying the company of nature.
C.Asking us to respect city atmosphere.
D.Making us always be enthusiastic.
√
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Romantic poetry carries us away from the uncomfortable atmosphere of cities into the fresh company of the outdoor world.”可知，浪漫主义诗歌将我们带离不舒适的城市氛围，让我们享受自然的陪伴，也就是说浪漫主义诗歌在让我们享受与大自然的相处中起着重要作用。故选B。
解析
8.How does the author explain the feature of Imagination and Emotion
A.By using a quotation.
B.By using personification.
C.By making a comparison.
D.By giving an example.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Wordsworth’s romantic poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud deals with subjects of creative imagination，childhood memories，beauty of nature，the role of nature as a guiding spirit.”可知，作者通过举例子来解释浪漫主义诗歌的想象和情感的特征，故选D。
解析
√
1.claim v.声称；索取；夺去(生命) n.声称，主张(文义)；权利；索赔
2.collective adj.集体的，共有的；总体的
3.equality(派)＝equal＋ity n.(社会地位、待遇上的)平等；均等，相等
4.subjectivity n.主观性，主观→subjective adj.主观的
5.lay emphasis on 强调
词汇积累
The Romanticism is a literary movement which took place in Britain and throughout Europe between 1770 and 1848.
分析：此句为复合句。which引导的是定语从句。
翻译：浪漫主义是一场文学运动，发生于1770年至1848年之间的英国和整个欧洲。
句式分析
(2024·河北石家庄高二上期末)
Poetry has healing powers.To get more joy and peace，
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。诗歌有治愈功能，尽管我们不能成为专业的诗人，但是我们可以培养诗意的心态，文章主要介绍了几种培养诗意心态的方法。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
we don’t have to be a professional poet but we can develop a poetic mindset(心态). 1
A.Let pain be your teacher.
B.How can we manage it in an easy way
C.What are the steps of writing a good poem
D.Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom.
E.Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.
F.Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.
G.Therefore，everything deserves notice and even appreciation.
√
空前“To get more joy and peace，we don’t have to be a professional poet but we can develop a poetic mindset(心态).”提出了要培养诗意的心态，且后文介绍了三种方法，故B项“我们应该怎样简单地做到这一点呢？”符合语境，承上启下，故选B。
解析
Be in awe(敬畏) of everything.
The poetic mindset starts with the idea that nothing is an accident.
Everything is interrelated(相互关联的) and plays a part in a greater whole. 2 Close your eyes.
A.Let pain be your teacher.
B.How can we manage it in an easy way
C.What are the steps of writing a good poem
D.Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom.
E.Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.
F.Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.
G.Therefore，everything deserves notice and even appreciation.
√
空前“Everything is interrelated(相互关联的) and plays a part in a greater whole.”说明所有事情都是相互联系的，都很有意义，G项“因此，每件事都值得关注甚至欣赏”与上文形成因果关系，故选G。
解析
Now open them.What is the first thing you see Look closer.Ask yourself: What does it look like What does it remind you of Does it bring happy thoughts or sad ones Why
I bet your randomly selected object is full of meaning.
3
A.Let pain be your teacher.
B.How can we manage it in an easy way
C.What are the steps of writing a good poem
D.Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom.
E.Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.
F.Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.
G.Therefore，everything deserves notice and even appreciation.
√
根据本段内容“A poem is a place where you can pour out your hard feelings.”以及“Poetry can be a storeroom for everything difficult in your life.But there’s more...”可知，本段主要介绍诗歌能帮助你处理生活中的负面情绪和难题，让你更加积极地面对人生，A项“让痛苦做你的老师”概括段意，适合作小标题，故选A。
解析
A poem is a place where you can pour out your hard feelings.Don’t be afraid.You can always throw the page into the fireplace once you’ve filled it. 4 Poetry can be a storeroom for everything difficult in your life.
A.Let pain be your teacher.
B.How can we manage it in an easy way
C.What are the steps of writing a good poem
D.Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom.
E.Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.
F.Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.
G.Therefore，everything deserves notice and even appreciation.
√
空前“Don’t be afraid.You can always throw the page into the fireplace once you’ve filled it.”提出了如何处理写下来的负面情绪，E项“或者把它封在信封里，以后再来看”提出另一种处理方法，故选E。
解析
But there’s more.I find when I write about something I’m struggling with，my negative feeling begins to become weaker.
Seek what inspires you.
Life isn’t perfect，but you can live with love and trust anyway.
5 There is always goodness to be found once you train yourself to look for it.
A.Let pain be your teacher.
B.How can we manage it in an easy way
C.What are the steps of writing a good poem
D.Poetry helps us remember this important wisdom.
E.Or seal it in an envelope and come back to it later.
F.Writing a poem is about describing your inner world vividly.
G.Therefore，everything deserves notice and even appreciation.
√
上文“Life isn’t perfect，but you can live with love and trust anyway.”提到“尽管生活并不完美，你也可以生活在爱和信任之中”的道理，下文“Poetry to me...”是描述自己通过诗歌寻找生活中的美好，故空处应是描述诗歌和上文所述的道理之间的联系，D项“诗歌帮助我们记住这一重要的智慧”符合语境，故选D。
解析
Poetry to me is a form of praise.I build poems from things I see，people I meet and thoughts and feelings found deep inside.As I present those treasures in poetic language，I am appreciating what is good in them.
(2024·湖南郴州高二上期末)
When Chinese people think about romantic poets，Li Bai’s name probably springs to their mind.With his extraordinary imagination，free expression of strong feelings 1. mastery of language，Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了诗人李白的伟大成就，以及他取得这些成就的原因。
and
考查连词。根据句意可知，空前“extraordinary imagination”“free expression of strong feelings”和空后“mastery of language”为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
Li Bai’s romantic style was 2. (deep) rooted in his love of reading and travelling from a young age.Reading books of all kinds，he familiarized 3. (he) with classical Chinese culture，
deeply
2.考查副词。分析句子可知，此处修饰谓语动词应填副词。故填deeply。
3.考查代词。根据句意可知，此处表示“使他自己熟悉”，故用反身代词himself。故填himself。
解析
himself
and acquired the 4. (wise) of previous generations.Besides，a burning desire for adventure and travel 5. (drive) him to visit famous mountains and great rivers almost around the whole country，enabling him to encounter different customs and practices.
wisdom
4.考查名词。由空前定冠词the可知，此处为名词形式，wisdom为不可数名词，故填wisdom。
5.考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态可知，此处应陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填drove。
解析
drove
The social and historical context 6. Li Bai lived also contributed to his romantic style.It was the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty,7. time of economic boom and social stability,
where
6.考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词The social and historical context在从句中作抽象地点状语。故填where。
7.考查冠词。此处time为可数名词，表示泛指，且time的发音以辅音音素开头，所以此处为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。
解析
a
8. (create) an open and tolerant atmosphere.This allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production.
creating
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，create和逻辑主语It为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填creating。
解析
Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe a debt 9.____ his inspirational poems.Today，Li Bai’s poetry continues 10.___________ ______________(enjoy) by countless readers around the world.
to
9.考查介词。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语owe a debt to...“欠……的债，得益于……”。故填to。
10.考查动词短语和被动语态。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语continue to do或continue doing“继续做某事”，满足句意要求，poetry和enjoy之间为被动关系，故填to be enjoyed/being enjoyed。
解析
to be enjoyed/
being enjoyed
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