Section Ⅳ Lesson 3 Getting to the Top
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Fears the author faces as a professional athlete.
B．Efforts the author makes to be an Olympic athlete.
C．Sacrifices the author makes to be an outstanding athlete.
D．Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
答案 C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
(Paras.1－4)The situation the writer faces Things she 1.gives up as an Olympic athlete
Her friends’ 2.worries about her
Her 3.responses/reactions to their worries
The 4.fears she faces on a daily basis
(Paras.5－8)The reasons why the writer is successful Born with an enormous amount of 5.drive and determination
Doing little 6.extra thing in preparation
Being totally 7.committed to her sport
Being 8.willing to do what might take her to the top
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．What made the writer’s friends worried about her
A．Ruining family holidays.
B．Missing birthday parties.
C．Pushing herself to the limits.
D．Becoming dull to train with her.
答案 C
2．What is the writer’s attitude to her friends’ worries in her heart
A．Favourable. B．Defensive.
C．Objective. D．Angry.
答案 A
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．The author didn’t know clearly about her dream.
B．The author had a happy and relaxing childhood as other children.
C．Good extra preparation will set a professional athlete apart from his competitors.
D．The author missed a group ride with the local triathletes because of her brother’s wedding.
答案 C
4．Which words can be used to describe the author
A．Emotional and persistent.
B．Committed but depressed.
C．Pessimistic but disciplined.
D．Determined and ambitious.
答案 D
5．Where is the passage taken from
A．A popular science magazine.
B．A blog.
C．An academic book.
D．An encyclopaedia entry.
答案 B
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
As an Olympic athlete，I push 1.myself(I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2.being left(leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
To be the top in sport，I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3.basis(base)．I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4.to handle(handle)．I have little time to get together with my families.In France，in order to find a swimming pool to train in，I 5.ruined(ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this：I was born with 6.an enormous amount of drive and determination.7.Since my childhood，I have always lived my life to extremes.
You may think my lifestyle is 8.unhealthy(healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However，if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform，you had better be 9.totally(total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10.from other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
1．As one of the Olympic athletes(athlete)，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.(P36 Para.1)
结构分析：此句话为并列句。在第一个分句中含有miss，ruin和skip三个并列的谓语动词。
汉语翻译： 作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。
2．He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left(leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.(P36 Para.1)
结构分析：此句话为复合句，两个that引导并列宾语从句；第二个with后有两个宾语a world championship medal和no one，第二个宾语与后面的不定式构成了with复合结构。
汉语翻译：他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
3．I was pushing the limits and extremes(extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy.(P36 Para.2)
结构分析：此句话为复合句。what 引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
4．I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring(hire) a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes.(P36 Para.4)
结构分析：此句话为复合句。其中分词短语ruining...和almost missing...作结果状语；because引导原因状语从句。
汉语翻译：我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的全家旅行；为了和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练，我忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，差点错过哥哥的婚礼。
5．In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting injured(injure)，“I’d prefer to have(have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” (P37 Para.7)
结构分析：此句话为复合句。句中even if引导让步状语从句，主句为直接引语。
汉语翻译：用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我也宁愿有三到四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
6．Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing to do(do) that extra little bit that might take us to the top.(P37 Para.8)
结构分析：此句话为复合句。其中what引导宾语从句，because 引导原因状语从句，that might take us to the top为定语从句。
汉语翻译：作为运动员，我们所做的事让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，这可能让我们走向顶峰。
7．It is certainly not a balanced way to live(live) and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness(great)．(P37 Para.8)
结构分析：此句话为并列复合句。其中but连接的第二个分句中，who引导定语从句。
汉语翻译：它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
strive vi.努力；奋斗
strive for为……奋斗；争取……
strive against/with反抗……；与……作斗争
strive to do sth努力做某事
(1)Don’t strive merely for the quantity of production；quality is of vital importance.
(2)Every day he has to strive against/with distraction in order to study better.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)不管以前做得多么好，你都应该始终努力取得更大的进步。
You should always strive to make greater progress，however well you have done before.
ruin vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 n．废墟；毁灭
ruin one’s hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会
ruin oneself自我毁灭
in ruins破败不堪；严重受损
(1)The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay in ruins.
(2)The young man is an alcoholic，and he will ruin himself(he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
[写作佳句]
(3)他犯了一个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
①He made a mistake，which ruined his chance of going abroad.(非限制性定语从句)
②He made a mistake，ruining his chance of going abroad.(分词短语作状语)
apply oneself to (doing) sth 努力；专心致志于(做)某事(applicant n．申请人 application n．申请，请求；申请书；运用)
apply (to...) for...(向……)申请……
apply to适用于；与……有关
apply...to...把……运用到……；把……涂到……
(1)I applied to the company for a position but was rejected by it.
(2)All the applicants have handed in their applications to take part in the innovation competition.(apply)
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)我写信申请成为你们组织的一名志愿者。作为一名退休教师，我可以把我的教学经验运用到志愿工作中。除此之外，我有充足的时间来专注于这项工作。如果您能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。
I am writing to apply to be a volunteer in your organisation.As a retired teacher，I can apply my teaching experience to the voluntary work.Apart from it，I have enough time to apply myself to the work.I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration/account.
set sb/sth apart 使与众不同
tell...apart 把……区分开
tear...apart (from)把……撕开；强行使……离开……
fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
take...apart将……拆开
(1)用apart短语的正确形式填空
①My niece was obsessed with social networking and her mother couldn’t tear her apart from the cellphone.
②Ultimately，their country fell apart because of political conflicts.
③It is her outstanding performance that sets her apart from others.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)当他看到那个旧钟时，他把它拆开，找出哪里出了问题，然后把整个钟重新组装起来。
When he saw the old clock，he took it apart，found what was wrong，and put the whole thing together again.
average adj.平均的；平庸的，普通的 n．平均数；平均水平
above/below the average高/低于平均水平
on average平均；一般地
[写作佳句]
(1)(2024·浙江1月，应用文写作)在我看来，只要我们平均每天踢20分钟毽子，我们就能释放我们的精神压力，恢复我们的精力。
In my opinion，only if we kick shuttlecock for 20 minutes every day on average can we release our mental pressure and restore our energy.
(2)近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧上升，使我们能够在线学习。
The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply in recent years，making it possible for us to study online.
the way 作先行词的定语从句
Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.(P37 Para.5)
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
结构分析：此句话为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句；第一个分句是祈使句，if引导条件状语从句；第二个分句中含有no matter what引导的让步状语从句，I’m applying myself to是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰what。
————————————————————————————————————————
the way作先行词时，如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句；如果定语从句中缺状语，则用that或者in which 引导定语从句，关系词可以省略。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习有益的方法，但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways that/which are of great benefit to our English learning，but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
(2)我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。
I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way (that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse.
(3)你能告诉我你解那道题使用的方法吗？
Can you tell me the way that/which you use to solve the problem
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分的句子，并回答其后的问题。
Mr Smith was (1)a teacher from (2)a university.We were of (3)an age.We all liked exploring (4)nature.He was (5)the first foreign teacher I had met.In (6)the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along (7)the Yangtze River when (8)a ship wrecked.(9)The Smiths came up to help (10)the injured and saved (11)a boy by catching him by (12)the arm.The boy’s parents said they were (13)the kindest people in (14)the world.They would remember (15)the couple forever.
1．不定冠词通常表示不确定，即泛指。a用在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前面，如句(1)(2)(8)(11)；an用在发音以元音音素开头的单词前，如句(3)。
2．定冠词一般表示确定，即特指，如句(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)。
3．有些名词前既不用定冠词，也不用不定冠词，称作零冠词，如句(4)。
冠词
冠词是一个虚词，它置于名词之前，限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类。
一、不定冠词的用法
1．不定冠词泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个，也可表示数量“一”或价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。
Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
北极多数生活在海冰上，它们将海冰作为捕捉海豹的平台。
Dr.Spence told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
思本斯博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生在牛津大学和剑桥大学继续学习。”
2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中将得到再一次机会。
3．用于具体化的抽象名词前或由动词转化而来的名词前。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰苦的日子里，能够买一瓶饮料也是件令人宽慰的事。
4．用于不可数名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一份”等。
All of a sudden，there was an extremely loud knock outside.突然，门外有人大声敲门。
5．用于专有名词前，相当于a certain，意为“某个” “一个”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr Brown.
隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生买走了。
6．用在一些固定短语中
as a result结果
as a whole总体上
at a loss不知所措
in a way在某种程度上
in a word总之
in a hurry匆忙
pay a visit to 拜访
make a living谋生
have/catch a cold感冒
keep an eye on 照看，留意
put an end to 使……结束
二、定冠词的用法
1．特指某些人或物(包括上文提到过的人或物)以及谈话双方都知道的人或物。
They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader.
他们选汤姆做团队的队长，因为他们知道他是一位智慧的领导。
2．用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
The boy didn’t reply，staring at the stars in the sky and continuing playing the violin.
男孩没有回应，只是看着天空中的星星继续拉小提琴。
3．用于形容词、副词最高级，序数词或方位词之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
这是该国南部的城市第一次经历最严重的降雨。
4．用于姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世纪70年代去加利福尼亚州闯荡。
5．用于单数名词前表示类别。
The lion is a fierce animal，which is also in danger of dying out.
狮子是一种凶猛的动物，它也有灭绝的危险。
6．用在形容词或形容词化的过去分词前，表示一类人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.据报道，伤者已被送往医院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事实上，富人不总是比穷人幸福。
7．用于西洋乐器名词前。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano.
她刚写完作业，妈妈就让她练钢琴。
8．用于整十复数数词或表示年代、世纪、朝代的词前。
Since the 1990s，studying abroad has been a fashion.
20世纪90年代以来，出国留学已成为一种潮流。
It is said that the old building dates back to the Ming Dynasty.这座古建筑据说可以追溯到明代。
9．用于表示江河海洋的名词前。
the Changjiang/Yangtze River长江
the Red Sea红海
10．在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词的意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在……前面
in the front of在……范围内的前部
in hospital(生病)住院
in the hospital在医院里
三、零冠词的用法
1．表示泛指的不可数名词或可数名词复数前不用冠词。
Snow was falling when I woke up in the early morning.
我一大清早醒来，天正在下雪。
2．球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。
I like playing baseball.What about you
我喜欢打棒球，你呢？
3．作表语、补语、同位语的职位名词前不用冠词。
They elected Henry president of the society because of his great ability.
他们选举亨利为社团主席是由于他出众的能力。
I’m Li Ming，chairman of the school Student Council.我是李明，校学生会主席。
4．非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名词前不用冠词。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人们必须在六月底完成该项目。
We’re going to hold a party.Won’t you stay for lunch，Mr William
我们要举办一次聚会。威廉先生，您会留下吃午餐吗？
5．一些表示地点的名词，如：bed，school，hospital，home，work等，当人们在这些地方做应该做的事时，不加冠词。
go home回家
go to school去上学
go to bed睡觉
in hospital住院
go to work上班
注意：如果在上述词组中加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如：
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.
他来学校和校长谈话。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。
6．用在一些固定短语中
at present目前 at risk处于危险中
by hand用手工 by weight按重量
by chance偶然 by plane乘飞机
by mistake错误地 in trouble在困境中
in need需要 in advance提前
under repair在修理中 lose heart灰心
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With limited time left，the senior 3 student has to strive to be admitted to a university.
2．Many people got injured in the accident but fortunately，nobody was killed.
3．I rushed back to the dormitory for him，only to find he had left.
4．We keep a cat and two dogs.The cat is black and the dogs are white.
5．The biggest whale is the blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long and the height of an 8-story building.
6．To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him a second chance.
7．He is not only the best student in our class，but also has an excellent sense of humour.
8．I was reading a novel attentively when my English teacher patted me on the head.
9．She stayed up until 11：30 pm one evening on purpose just to see the moonlight.
10．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use a bicycle when possible.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．教授犯了一个可怕的错误，几乎毁了他的职业生涯。
The professor made a terrible mistake，which almost ruined his career.
2．看到他在舞台上完美地弹钢琴，我从心底感到自豪。
Seeing him playing the piano perfectly on the platform，I felt proud from the bottom of my heart.
3．她很快意识到这可能是因为她坐在最后一排。
She quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in the last row.
4．因此，他们与周围人的交流变得越来越少。
As a result，their communication with people around them becomes less and less.
5．音乐在我的生活中扮演着如此重要的角色，以至于我只要有空就听。
Music plays such an important part/role in my life that I listen to it whenever I can.
Ⅲ.用恰当的冠词完成下列语段
On 1.an extremely warm day，I looked at 2.the window and saw 3.a bird perching in 4.the tree.I kept watching it but it didn’t see me.5.The bird looked beautiful.Suddenly 6.a cat appeared and 7.the bird got frightened.It seemed as if the bird was in 8./ danger.However，it turned out that I shouldn’t have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before 9.the cat drew near.What 10.an unforgettable day!
训练4 Lesson 3
[分值：62.5分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．这名外国学生努力学汉语，很快就可以说得很流畅了。(apply oneself to)
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.
2．他读了很多中文小说，写了很多日记，这使他与其他外国学生不同。(set sb apart；非限制性定语从句)
He read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.
3．教授认为他是一个优秀的外语学习者，他的成绩高于平均水平。(average；并列句)
The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.
4．此外，他与老师和同学交谈的方式非常有礼貌。(the way 作先行词的定语从句)
Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.
5．他完全明白，决心、勇敢和勤奋可以帮助他追求卓越。(strive；宾语从句)
He fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.That was because he read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.Actually，he fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence.
Ⅱ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·广东深圳高二上期中)
A famous springboard diver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship，offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.When it becomes evident that they are on the decline，they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between.Life is short.Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games.An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies.He treasures every minute，makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way.He gets as much as he gives，winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can for it，never relax，never give up.It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.However，he is always trying to do the best he can.When the time comes and he knows he can’t，he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner，aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
1．What is the function of the paragraph 1
A．To explain a phenomenon.
B．To describe a competition.
C．To lead in the topic of this passage.
D．To express worries about sportsmen.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“A famous springboard diver was defeated...and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.”和第二段的“It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.”可推知，第一段的作用是引出这篇文章的主题。故选C。
2．According to the passage，what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward
A．He wants to win people’s respect.
B．He wants to win honor for his nation.
C．He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D．He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.”可知，推动运动员前进的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故选C。
3．What can be learnt from the rule of sports
A．Whatever difficulties you have met，never give up.
B．Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C．You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D．You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.”可知，我们可以从体育运动的规律中了解到，即使是最强的运动员也有被打败的一天。故选B。
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Sportsmen’s spirit.
B．Sportsmen’s life.
C．Sportsmen’s honor.
D．Sportsmen’s pride.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段的“To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.”可知，本文主要讲的是运动员精神，故选A。
B
(2025·河北邯郸高二上期中)
“From this moment forward，in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle，I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except bread” is what I told myself yesterday，and yet here I am today eating a chocolate bar.I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself.Instead of eating this，I should be working out or something.But the thing is，chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it!
As I type this，I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification(即时满足)—the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit.In fact，when you want it，you get it.
Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do—delayed gratification (延迟满足): deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future.We’ve all encountered instant gratification before.Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out When I get home，should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework
All humans tend to seek pleasure and avoid pain，a basic concept known as the pleasure principle.Originally coined(创造) by Sigmund Freud，it clearly states that all humans are driven，to some extent，by pleasure.
However，pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now，it only results in guilt(愧疚) and last-minute panicking late at night.An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals.
Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing.You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment，and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it.In other words，times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification.While my chocolate bar may taste good now，it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了即时满足与延迟满足之间的区别和联系，以及它们对个人行为和长期目标实现的影响。
5．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By making a contrast.
B．By describing a personal experience.
C．By giving a definition.
D．By listing detailed problems.
答案 B
解析 写作手法题。作者在第一段开头引入了自己在昨天所做的承诺，接着描述了这个承诺与今天的行为之间的反差，即作者之前决定不吃零食但今天却吃了巧克力棒，以个人经历作为引子，引出主题——即时满足与延迟满足的讨论。故选B。
6．Which of the following is an example of instant gratification
A．Driving to eat what you want late at night.
B．Exercising regularly for long-term health.
C．Limiting time on social media apps.
D．Finishing homework before watching TV.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，所谓的即时满足指的是不会因为未来的利益而推迟享受快乐或满足感。选项A“深夜开车去吃想吃的东西”指的是为了满足当前的欲望(想吃的东西)而不顾其他(如时间、健康等)的行为，这正是即时满足的特点。故选A。
7．What’s the author’s attitude of instant gratification
A．Objective. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Unconcerned.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“An inability to resist instant gratification ...to meet certain goals.”以及最后一段中的“Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing...when you need it.”可知，作者在文章中既指出即时满足可能带来的问题，也提到即时满足在某些情况下是有价值的，如在自己需要的时候善待自己。这表明作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．The Power of Instant Gratification
B．The Pleasure Principle and Its Result
C．Instant Gratification：A Double-Edged Sword
D．The Difficulties of Modern Lifestyle Choices
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章可知，作者在文章中既指出即时满足可能带来的问题，也提到即时满足在某些情况下是有价值的。选项C“即时满足：一把双刃剑” 既指出即时满足的吸引力(积极方面)，也暗示其可能带来的问题(消极方面)，与文章的内容相符。故选C。
Ⅲ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often put off our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
2 If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field. 3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
A．Ask yourself what would be worse.
B．Starting small is completely acceptable.
C．New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D．Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E．If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F．You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G．Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
1．答案 B
解析 根据上文“But why wait？”可知，追求梦想不应该等待。结合下文，你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，你可以一步一步走向更光明的未来。故本句是在建议从小的地方开始。B选项(从小事做起是完全可以接受的)承上启下，故选B。
2．答案 D
解析 设空处位于句首，根据下文“If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets...Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。D选项(只有你能帮自己追求梦想)能概括本段主旨，故选D。
3．答案 G
解析 根据上文可知，不管你多大年龄，也不管多少人警告过你永远不会成功，这都不重要。即使是最成功的人，也曾对自己能否在自己的领域取得成功产生过怀疑。结合下文“a mindset of determination”可知，要拥有坚定的心态。G选项(尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的)切题，选项中的“wave off the doubts”与上文“hesitations”相呼应，语意连贯，故选G。
4．答案 F
解析 根据上文可知，不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，所以空格处应描述要克服恐惧，勇往直前。F选项(你需要自信地勇往直前，全面而深入地发掘自己的能力)符合语境，选项中的“move forward confidently”与上文中的“fear”形成对比。故选F。
5．答案 E
解析 根据上文可知，在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间要取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故应说明这么做的结果。E选项(如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变)承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南长沙高二上期中)
China launched a mission(任务) Friday that aims to bring back samples(样品) from the far side of the moon for the first time，a major step forward for the country’s space program.
The Chang’e-6 probe(探测器) 1. (send) up yesterday on a Long March-5 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Center，in which space fans gathered to watch the historic moment.The launch was 2. huge success.
The 53-day task will see the Chang’e-6 lander touch down on the moon’s far side,3.______ never faces Earth.Any far-side samples can 4. (potential) help scientists look back into the evolution of the moon and the solar system.
It is a key test for China’s space abilities in its effort 5. (build) the country into a space power.China has made rapid space advancements in recent years，in a field traditionally 6. (lead) by the United States and Russia.
China has long said it stands 7. the peaceful use of space and hopes to better work with other countries in the space field.This time，China has said the Chang’e-6 task carries scientific 8. (instrument) from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency.
In addition to 9. (return) samples that could help people study the origin and early history of the moon and the solar system，the mission also serves as a robotic practice for these steps to get astronauts to the moon 10. back.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了我国发射嫦娥六号探测器并首次从月球背面带回样本，这标志着我国航天计划取得重大进步。
1．答案 was sent
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。谓语动词send与主语The Chang’e-6 probe之间是被动关系，根据时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，be动词用was。故填was sent。
2．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。success在句中表示“成功的人或事”，为可数名词，且表泛指，huge的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
3．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。“ never faces Earth”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the moon’s far side，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
4．答案 potentially
解析 考查副词。空处修饰动词help，用副词potentially作状语，意为“可能地，潜在地”。故填potentially。
5．答案 to build
解析 考查非谓语动词。名词effort后常用不定式作后置定语，effort to do...意为“做……的努力”。故填to build。
6．答案 led
解析 考查非谓语动词。空处作非谓语，lead“引领，领导”与其逻辑主语a field之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式表被动，作后置定语。故填led。
7．答案 for
解析 考查介词。stand for是固定短语，意为“支持，代表”。故填for。
8．答案 instruments
解析 考查名词复数。此处instrument作宾语，意为“仪器”，可数名词，由后文“from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency”可知，应用复数形式表示多个国家的仪器。故填instruments。
9．答案 returning
解析 考查非谓语动词。空处作介词 to的宾语，用动名词形式。故填returning。
10．答案 and
解析 考查连词。“get astronauts to the moon”和“(get astronauts) back”之间是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。(共106张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3 Getting to the Top
SUCCESS
UNIT 2
内容索引
Part 1 课文深度理解
Part 2 长句难句分析
Part 3 语言知识梳理
Part 4 语法项目精讲
训练4
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.Fears the author faces as a professional athlete.
B.Efforts the author makes to be an Olympic athlete.
C.Sacrifices the author makes to be an outstanding athlete.
D.Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
√
(Paras.1－4)The situation the writer faces Things she 1. as an Olympic athlete
Her friends’ 2. about her
Her 3. to their worries
The 4. she faces on a daily basis
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
gives up
worries
responses/reactions
fears
(Paras.5－8)The reasons why the writer is successful Born with an enormous amount of 5.___________
_____________
Doing little 6. thing in preparation
Being totally 7. to her sport
Being 8. to do what might take her to the top
drive and
determination
extra
committed
willing
1.What made the writer’s friends worried about her
A.Ruining family holidays.
B.Missing birthday parties.
C.Pushing herself to the limits.
D.Becoming dull to train with her.
√
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
2.What is the writer’s attitude to her friends’ worries in her heart
A.Favourable. B.Defensive.
C.Objective. D.Angry.
√
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.The author didn’t know clearly about her dream.
B.The author had a happy and relaxing childhood as other children.
C.Good extra preparation will set a professional athlete apart from his
competitors.
D.The author missed a group ride with the local triathletes because of her
brother’s wedding.
√
4.Which words can be used to describe the author
A.Emotional and persistent.
B.Committed but depressed.
C.Pessimistic but disciplined.
D.Determined and ambitious.
√
5.Where is the passage taken from
A.A popular science magazine.
B.A blog.
C.An academic book.
D.An encyclopaedia entry.
√
As an Olympic athlete，I push 1. (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2. (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
To be the top in sport，I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3. (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4. (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France，in order to find a swimming pool to train in，I 5. (ruin) a family holiday.
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
myself
being left
basis
to handle
ruined
It boils down to this：I was born with 6. enormous amount of drive and determination.7. my childhood，I have always lived my life to extremes.
You may think my lifestyle is 8. (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However，if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform，you had better be 9._______
(total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10. other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
an
Since
unhealthy
totally
from
返 回
长句难句分析
1.As one of the Olympic (athlete)，I miss birthday parties，ruin family holidays and skip nights out，but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.(P36 Para.1)
结构分析：此句话为 句。在第一个分句中含有miss，ruin和skip三个并列的 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
athletes
并列
谓语动词
作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏家庭旅行、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。
2.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of (leave) with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.(P36 Para.1)
结构分析：此句话为 句，两个that引导 从句；第二个with后有两个宾语 和 ，第二个宾语与后面的不定式构成了with复合结构。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
being left
复合
并列宾语
他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
a world championship medal
no one
3.I was pushing the limits and (extreme) beyond what most thought were healthy.(P36 Para.2)
结构分析：此句话为 句。what 引导 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
extremes
复合
宾语
我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
4.I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed，ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in，almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy (hire) a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride the local triathletes.(P36 Para.4)
结构分析：此句话为 句。其中分词短语ruining...和almost missing...作 ；because引导 从句。
hiring
with
复合
结果状语
原因状语
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的全家旅行；为了和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练，我忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，差点错过哥哥的婚礼。
5.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee，even if it means getting (injure)，“I’d prefer (have) three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.” (P37 Para.7)
结构分析：此句话为 句。句中even if引导 从句，主句为直接引语。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
injured
to have
复合
让步状语
用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着受伤，“我也宁愿有三到四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”
6.Doing what we do as athletes sets us apart because we are willing _____
(do) that extra little bit that might take us to the top.(P37 Para.8)
结构分析：此句话为 句。其中what引导 从句，because 引导
从句，that might take us to the top为 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to do
复合
宾语
原因状语
作为运动员，我们所做的事让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，这可能让我们走向顶峰。
定语
7.It is certainly not a balanced way (live) and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for (great).(P37 Para.8)
结构分析：此句话为 句。其中but连接的第二个分句中，who引导 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to live
greatness
并列复合
定语
它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
返 回
语言知识梳理
vi.努力；奋斗
1
strive
strive for为……奋斗；争取……
strive against/with反抗……；与……作斗争
strive to do sth努力做某事
(1)Don’t strive merely the quantity of production；quality is of vital importance.
(2)Every day he has to strive distraction in order to study better.
for
against/with
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)不管以前做得多么好，你都应该始终努力取得更大的进步。
You should always ，however well you have done before.
strive to make greater progress
写作佳句
vt.毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 n.废墟；毁灭
2
ruin
·ruin one’s hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会
ruin oneself自我毁灭
·in ruins破败不堪；严重受损
(1)The flood ruined crops in the field，and many buildings lay ruins.
(2)The young man is an alcoholic，and he will ruin (he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
in
himself
(3)他犯了一个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
①He made a mistake， .
(非限制性定语从句)
②He made a mistake， .(分词短语作状语)
写作佳句
which ruined his chance of going abroad
ruining his chance of going abroad
努力；专心致志于(做)某事(applicant n.申请人 application n.申请，请求；申请书；运用)
3
apply oneself to (doing) sth
apply (to...) for...(向……)申请……
apply to适用于；与……有关
apply...to...把……运用到……；把……涂到……
(1)I applied to the company a position but was rejected by it.
(2)All the have handed in their to take part in the innovation competition.(apply)
for
applicants
applications
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)我写信申请成为你们组织的一名志愿者。作为一名退休教师，我可以把我的教学经验运用到志愿工作中。除此之外，我有充足的时间来专注于这项工作。如果您能考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。
I am writing to in your organisation.As a retired teacher，I the voluntary work.Apart from it，I have enough time to _________
.I would appreciate it ___________________
.
写作佳句
apply to be a volunteer
can apply my teaching experience to
apply
myself to the work
if you could take my
application into consideration/account
使与众不同
4
set sb/sth apart
tell...apart 把……区分开
tear...apart (from)把……撕开；强行使……离开……
fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃
take...apart将……拆开
(1)用apart短语的正确形式填空
①My niece was obsessed with social networking and her mother couldn’t
her from the cellphone.
②Ultimately，their country because of political conflicts.
③It is her outstanding performance that her from others.
tear
apart
fell apart
sets
apart
(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)当他看到那个旧钟时，他把它拆开，找出哪里出了问题，然后把整个钟重新组装起来。
When he saw the old clock，he ，found what was wrong，and put the whole thing together again.
写作佳句
took it apart
adj.平均的；平庸的，普通的 n.平均数；平均水平
5
average
above/below the average高/低于平均水平
on average平均；一般地
(1)(2024·浙江1月，应用文写作)在我看来，只要我们平均每天踢20分钟毽子，我们就能释放我们的精神压力，恢复我们的精力。
In my opinion，only if we kick shuttlecock __________________
can we release our mental pressure and restore our energy.
写作佳句
for 20 minutes every
day on average
(2)近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧上升，使我们能够在线学习。
in recent years，making it possible for us to study online.
写作佳句
The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply
6
the way 作先行词的定语从句
Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.(P37 Para.5)
你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
结构分析：此句话为并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句；第一个分句是祈使句，if引导条件状语从句；第二个分句中含有no matter what引导的让步状语从句，I’m applying myself to是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰what。
the way作先行词时，如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句；如果定语从句中缺状语，则用that或者in which 引导定语从句，关系词可以省略。
(1)(2022·全国乙，书面表达)坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习有益的方法，但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways ___________________
our English learning，but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
that/which are of great
benefit to
返 回
(2)我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。
I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way .
(3)你能告诉我你解那道题使用的方法吗？
Can you tell me the way
(that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse
that/which you use to solve the problem
语法项目精讲
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分的句子，并回答其后的问题。
Mr Smith was (1)a teacher from (2)a university.We were of (3)an age.We all liked exploring (4)nature.He was (5)the first foreign teacher I had met.In (6)the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along (7)the Yangtze River when (8)a ship wrecked.(9)The Smiths came up to help (10)the injured and saved (11)a boy by catching him by (12)the arm.The boy’s parents said they were (13)the kindest people in (14)the world.They would remember (15)the couple forever.
情境导读
1.不定冠词通常表示不确定，即 。a用在发音以 开头的单词前面，如句(1)(2)(8)(11)；an用在发音以 开头的单词前，如 句(3)。
2.定冠词一般表示确定，即 ，如句(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(12)(13)(14)(15)。
3.有些名词前既不用定冠词，也不用不定冠词，称作 ，如句(4)。
泛指
辅音音素
元音音素
零冠词
特指
冠词
冠词是一个虚词，它置于名词之前，限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类。
语法精讲
一、不定冠词的用法
1.不定冠词泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个，也可表示数量“一”或价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。
Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals.
北极多数生活在海冰上，它们将海冰作为捕捉海豹的平台。
Dr.Spence told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
思本斯博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生在牛津大学和剑桥大学继续学习。”
2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中将得到再一次机会。
3.用于具体化的抽象名词前或由动词转化而来的名词前。
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰苦的日子里，能够买一瓶饮料也是件令人宽慰的事。
4.用于不可数名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一份”等。
All of a sudden，there was an extremely loud knock outside.突然，门外有人大声敲门。
5.用于专有名词前，相当于a certain，意为“某个” “一个”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr Brown.
隔壁的房子被一位布朗先生买走了。
6.用在一些固定短语中
as a result结果
as a whole总体上
at a loss不知所措
in a way在某种程度上
in a word总之
in a hurry匆忙
pay a visit to 拜访
make a living谋生
have/catch a cold感冒
keep an eye on 照看，留意
put an end to 使……结束
二、定冠词的用法
1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到过的人或物)以及谈话双方都知道的人或物。
They chose Tom to be the captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader.
他们选汤姆做团队的队长，因为他们知道他是一位智慧的领导。
2.用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
The boy didn’t reply，staring at the stars in the sky and continuing playing the violin.
男孩没有回应，只是看着天空中的星星继续拉小提琴。
3.用于形容词、副词最高级，序数词或方位词之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
这是该国南部的城市第一次经历最严重的降雨。
4.用于姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世纪70年代去加利福尼亚州闯荡。
5.用于单数名词前表示类别。
The lion is a fierce animal，which is also in danger of dying out.
狮子是一种凶猛的动物，它也有灭绝的危险。
6.用在形容词或形容词化的过去分词前，表示一类人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.据报道，伤者已被送往医院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事实上，富人不总是比穷人幸福。
7.用于西洋乐器名词前。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano.
她刚写完作业，妈妈就让她练钢琴。
8.用于整十复数数词或表示年代、世纪、朝代的词前。
Since the 1990s，studying abroad has been a fashion.
20世纪90年代以来，出国留学已成为一种潮流。
It is said that the old building dates back to the Ming Dynasty.这座古建筑据说可以追溯到明代。
9.用于表示江河海洋的名词前。
the Changjiang/Yangtze River长江
the Red Sea红海
10.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词的意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在……前面
in the front of在……范围内的前部
in hospital(生病)住院
in the hospital在医院里
三、零冠词的用法
1.表示泛指的不可数名词或可数名词复数前不用冠词。
Snow was falling when I woke up in the early morning.
我一大清早醒来，天正在下雪。
2.球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。
I like playing baseball.What about you
我喜欢打棒球，你呢？
3.作表语、补语、同位语的职位名词前不用冠词。
They elected Henry president of the society because of his great ability.
他们选举亨利为社团主席是由于他出众的能力。
I’m Li Ming，chairman of the school Student Council.我是李明，校学生会主席。
4.非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名词前不用冠词。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人们必须在六月底完成该项目。
We’re going to hold a party.Won’t you stay for lunch，Mr William
我们要举办一次聚会。威廉先生，您会留下吃午餐吗？
5.一些表示地点的名词，如：bed，school，hospital，home，work等，当人们在这些地方做应该做的事时，不加冠词。
go home回家
go to school去上学
go to bed睡觉
in hospital住院
go to work上班
注意：如果在上述词组中加上定冠词the，可以表示去这些场所做其他的事情。如：
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.
他来学校和校长谈话。
His mother is in hospital and he has been in the hospital to take care of her.
他妈妈生病住院了，他就一直在医院里面照顾她。
6.用在一些固定短语中
at present目前 at risk处于危险中
by hand用手工 by weight按重量
by chance偶然 by plane乘飞机
by mistake错误地 in trouble在困境中
in need需要 in advance提前
under repair在修理中 lose heart灰心
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.With limited time left，the senior 3 student has to strive to be admitted to university.
2.Many people got injured in accident but fortunately，nobody was killed.
3.I rushed back to dormitory for him，only to find he had left.
4.We keep a cat and two dogs. cat is black and the dogs are white.
5. biggest whale is the blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long and the height of 8-story building.
达标检测
a
the
the
The
The
an
6.To his surprise，his opponent is not opposed to giving him second chance.
7.He is not only the best student in our class，but also has excellent sense of humour.
8.I was reading a novel attentively when my English teacher patted me on
head.
9.She stayed up until 11：30 pm one evening on purpose just to see _____
moonlight.
10.One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use bicycle when possible.
a
an
the
the
a
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.教授犯了一个可怕的错误，几乎毁了他的职业生涯。
The professor made ，which almost ruined his career.
2.看到他在舞台上完美地弹钢琴，我从心底感到自豪。
Seeing him on the platform，I felt proud from the bottom of my heart.
3.她很快意识到这可能是因为她坐在最后一排。
She quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that _______
.
a terrible mistake
playing the piano perfectly
she sat
in the last row
4.因此，他们与周围人的交流变得越来越少。
，their communication with people around them becomes less and less.
5.音乐在我的生活中扮演着如此重要的角色，以至于我只要有空就听。
Music in my life that I listen to it whenever I can.
As a result
plays such an important part/role
Ⅲ.用恰当的冠词完成下列语段
On 1. extremely warm day，I looked at 2. window and saw
3. bird perching in 4. tree.I kept watching it but it didn’t see me.
5. bird looked beautiful.Suddenly 6. cat appeared and 7.______
bird got frightened.It seemed as if the bird was in 8. danger.However，it turned out that I shouldn’t have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before 9. cat drew near.What 10. unforgettable day!
an
the
返 回
a
the
The
the
a
/
the
an
训练4
1.这名外国学生努力学汉语，很快就可以说得很流畅了。(apply oneself to)
and soon he could speak it with fluency.
2.他读了很多中文小说，写了很多日记，这使他与其他外国学生不同。(set sb apart；非限制性定语从句)
He read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，_________
.
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese
which set
him apart from other foreign students
3.教授认为他是一个优秀的外语学习者，他的成绩高于平均水平。(average；并列句)
The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，___
.
4.此外，他与老师和同学交谈的方式非常有礼貌。(the way 作先行词的定语从句)
Besides，______________________________________________________
was extremely polite.
and
his performance was above the average
the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates
5.他完全明白，决心、勇敢和勤奋可以帮助他追求卓越。(strive；宾语从句)
He fully understood _____________________________________________
.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
that determination，bravery and hard work could
help him strive for excellence
参考范文
The foreign student applied himself to learning Chinese and soon he could speak it with fluency.That was because he read a number of Chinese novels and wrote lots of diaries，which set him apart from other foreign students.The professor considered him an excellent foreign language learner，and his performance was above the average.Besides，the way (that/in which) he talked to his teachers and classmates was extremely polite.Actually，he fully understood that determination，bravery and hard work could help him strive for excellence.
A
(2025·广东深圳高二上期中)
A famous springboard diver was defeated by his competitor in the finals of a world championship，offering congratulations to the winner and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.
Ⅱ.主题语篇阅读
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是运动员在职业生涯中不懈追求的精神。
It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.When it becomes evident that they are on the decline，they still make great efforts to give their best so as to bring a satisfactory end to their career.
Chances to compete for the championship are few and far between.Life is short.Still shorter is the time for an athlete trying to win games.An athletic contestant really feels that there are so few opportunities and time flies.He treasures every minute，makes full use of it and tries to grasp any chance coming his way.He gets as much as he gives，winning honors not only for himself but also for his country.
To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.He will do everything he can for it，never relax，never give up.It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.
However，he is always trying to do the best he can.When the time comes and he knows he can’t，he will step down happily to give place to the younger winner，aware contentedly of the fact that he has done his best for the “ever better” records of the Olympic Games.He will say proudly that he has not lived his youth in vain.
1.What is the function of the paragraph 1
A.To explain a phenomenon.
B.To describe a competition.
C.To lead in the topic of this passage.
D.To express worries about sportsmen.
√
推理判断题。根据第一段“A famous springboard diver was defeated...and waving a tearful goodbye to the audience.”和第二段的“It is common in the athletic world.Sportsmen spend the best part of their lives on hard training and competitions.”可推知，第一段的作用是引出这篇文章的主题。故选C。
解析
2.According to the passage，what kind of ideal pushes an athlete forward
A.He wants to win people’s respect.
B.He wants to win honor for his nation.
C.He wants to make greater achievements than ever.
D.He wants to earn more and more money and fame.
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.Ever better—the ideal always makes a sportsman forward.”可知，推动运动员前进的理想是他想取得比以往更大的成就。故选C。
解析
√
3.What can be learnt from the rule of sports
A.Whatever difficulties you have met，never give up.
B.Even the strongest athlete will be defeated one day.
C.You can’t live in the sports field without any effort or progress.
D.You are the winner if you are brave enough to challenge the strong.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be defeated by someone still stronger.This is the rule of sports—thousands of losers set off one winner who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list.”可知，我们可以从体育运动的规律中了解到，即使是最强的运动员也有被打败的一天。故选B。
解析
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Sportsmen’s spirit.
B.Sportsmen’s life.
C.Sportsmen’s honor.
D.Sportsmen’s pride.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段的“To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit.It finds expression in the weak daring to challenge the strong，and the strong searching forever better performance.”可知，本文主要讲的是运动员精神，故选A。
解析
B
(2025·河北邯郸高二上期中)
“From this moment forward，in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle，I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except bread” is what I told myself yesterday，and yet here I am today eating a chocolate bar.I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself.Instead of eating this，I should be working out or something.But the thing is，chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it!
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了即时满足与延迟满足之间的区别和联系，以及它们对个人行为和长期目标实现的影响。
As I type this，I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification(即时满足)—the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit.In fact，when you want it，you get it.
Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do—delayed gratification (延迟满足): deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future.We’ve all encountered instant gratification before.Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out When I get home，should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework
All humans tend to seek pleasure and avoid pain，a basic concept known as the pleasure principle.Originally coined(创造) by Sigmund Freud，it clearly states that all humans are driven，to some extent，by pleasure.
However，pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now，it only results in guilt(愧疚) and last-minute panicking late at night.An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals.
Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing.You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment，and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it.In other words，times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification.While my chocolate bar may taste good now，it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy.
5.How does the author introduce the topic
A.By making a contrast.
B.By describing a personal experience.
C.By giving a definition.
D.By listing detailed problems.
√
写作手法题。作者在第一段开头引入了自己在昨天所做的承诺，接着描述了这个承诺与今天的行为之间的反差，即作者之前决定不吃零食但今天却吃了巧克力棒，以个人经历作为引子，引出主题——即时满足与延迟满足的讨论。故选B。
解析
6.Which of the following is an example of instant gratification
A.Driving to eat what you want late at night.
B.Exercising regularly for long-term health.
C.Limiting time on social media apps.
D.Finishing homework before watching TV.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段可知，所谓的即时满足指的是不会因为未来的利益而推迟享受快乐或满足感。选项A“深夜开车去吃想吃的东西”指的是为了满足当前的欲望(想吃的东西)而不顾其他(如时间、健康等)的行为，这正是即时满足的特点。故选A。
解析
7.What’s the author’s attitude of instant gratification
A.Objective. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
√
观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“An inability to resist instant gratification ...to meet certain goals.”以及最后一段中的“Instant gratification，however，is not necessarily a bad thing...when you need it.”可知，作者在文章中既指出即时满足可能带来的问题，也提到即时满足在某些情况下是有价值的，如在自己需要的时候善待自己。这表明作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。
解析
8.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Power of Instant Gratification
B.The Pleasure Principle and Its Result
C.Instant Gratification：A Double-Edged Sword
D.The Difficulties of Modern Lifestyle Choices
√
标题归纳题。根据文章可知，作者在文章中既指出即时满足可能带来的问题，也提到即时满足在某些情况下是有价值的。选项C“即时满足：一把双刃剑” 既指出即时满足的吸引力(积极方面)，也暗示其可能带来的问题(消极方面)，与文章的内容相符。故选C。
解析
Pursue Your Dreams Today，Not Tomorrow
Have you caught yourself daydreaming about your dreams We often put off our dreams，trapped in a cycle of delay.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。
Ⅲ.七选五
But why wait 1 You don’t have to take a huge，life-changing step.You can take minute steps toward a brighter future.And start right now.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your
mind.
√
根据上文“But why wait？”可知，追求梦想不应该等待。结合下文，你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，你可以一步一步走向更光明的未来。故本句是在建议从小的地方开始。B选项(从小事做起是完全可以接受的)承上启下，故选B。
解析
2 If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and
deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your
mind.
√
设空处位于句首，根据下文“If you never try，you’re going to be weighed down by your regrets...Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。D选项(只有你能帮自己追求梦想)能概括本段主旨，故选D。
解析
You’re always going to wonder how your life would have turned out if you actually took a chance on yourself.Don’t let your future self be disappointed by your present self.
It doesn’t matter how old you are or how many people have warned you that you’re never going to succeed.Even the most successful people have had their hesitations about whether they had what it took to make it in their field.
3 Embrace a mindset of determination，knowing that success is within your reach.
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your
mind.
√
根据上文可知，不管你多大年龄，也不管多少人警告过你永远不会成功，这都不重要。即使是最成功的人，也曾对自己能否在自己的领域取得成功产生过怀疑。结合下文“a mindset of determination”可知，要拥有坚定的心态。G选项(尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的)切题，选项中的“wave off the doubts”与上文“hesitations”相呼应，语意连贯，故选G。
解析
At the end of the day，you need to carve out a path for yourself that will lead to the most satisfaction.If you allow your fear to get the best of you，you’re never going to forgive yourself. 4 It’s what you would encourage your friends to do，so why aren’t you giving yourself that same push
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
√
根据上文可知，不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，所以空格处应描述要克服恐惧，勇往直前。F选项(你需要自信地勇往直前，全面而深入地发掘自己的能力)符合语境，选项中的“move forward confidently”与上文中的“fear”形成对比。故选F。
解析
Sometimes，following your passion means spending a lot of your time each day.It may require making slight adjustments to your schedule，but you don’t have to sacrifice everything to follow your hearts.Try to strike a balance between your current life and your dreams. 5
A.Ask yourself what would be worse.
B.Starting small is completely acceptable.
C.New opportunities may lead to personal growth.
D.Only you can help yourself go after your dreams.
E.If things go well，you can gradually make further shifts.
F.You need to move forward confidently and explore yourself fully and deeply.
G.Hard as it is，it’s important to wave off the doubts in the back of your mind.
√
根据上文可知，在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间要取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故应说明这么做的结果。E选项(如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变)承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
解析
Pursue your dreams now，even though that means you might need to break out of your comfort zone，and even though it means entering the unknown.
(2025·湖南长沙高二上期中)
China launched a mission(任务) Friday that aims to bring back samples(样品) from the far side of the moon for the first time，a major step forward for the country’s space program.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了我国发射嫦娥六号探测器并首次从月球背面带回样本，这标志着我国航天计划取得重大进步。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The Chang’e-6 probe(探测器) 1. (send) up yesterday on a Long March-5 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Center，in which space fans gathered to watch the historic moment.The launch was
2. huge success.
was sent
a
1.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。谓语动词send与主语The Chang’e-6 probe之间是被动关系，根据时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，be动词用was。故填was sent。
2.考查冠词。success在句中表示“成功的人或事”，为可数名词，且表泛指，huge的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
解析
The 53-day task will see the Chang’e-6 lander touch down on the moon’s far side,3.__________ never faces Earth.Any far-side samples can
4. (potential) help scientists look back into the evolution of the moon and the solar system.
3.考查定语从句。“ never faces Earth”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the moon’s far side，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
4.考查副词。空处修饰动词help，用副词potentially作状语，意为“可能地，潜在地”。故填potentially。
解析
which
potentially
It is a key test for China’s space abilities in its effort 5. (build) the country into a space power.China has made rapid space advancements in recent years，in a field traditionally 6. (lead) by the United States and Russia.
5.考查非谓语动词。名词effort后常用不定式作后置定语，effort to do...意为“做……的努力”。故填to build。
6.考查非谓语动词。空处作非谓语，lead“引领，领导”与其逻辑主语a field之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式表被动，作后置定语。故填led。
解析
to build
led
China has long said it stands 7. the peaceful use of space and hopes to better work with other countries in the space field.
for
考查介词。stand for是固定短语，意为“支持，代表”。故填for。
解析
This time，China has said the Chang’e-6 task carries scientific
8._____________(instrument) from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency.
instruments
考查名词复数。此处instrument作宾语，意为“仪器”，可数名词，由后文“from France，Italy，Pakistan and the European Space Agency”可知，应用复数形式表示多个国家的仪器。故填instruments。
解析
In addition to 9. (return) samples that could help people study the origin and early history of the moon and the solar system，the mission also serves as a robotic practice for these steps to get astronauts to the moon 10. back.
returning
9.考查非谓语动词。空处作介词to的宾语，用动名词形式。故填returning。
10.考查连词。“get astronauts to the moon”和“(get astronauts) back”之间是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。
解析
返 回
and
本课结束
