高考复习之非谓语动词 导学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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名称 高考复习之非谓语动词 导学案(含答案)-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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更新时间 2025-08-08 17:22:13

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非谓语动词
非谓语动词作定语
一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等时,动词不定式后面应有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子住。
2.用动词不定式作定语的几种情况:
(1)动词不定式与被修饰词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2021·天津卷)There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.即使你是一名专家,做一个通才也有其价值。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词,且与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
(2022·北京卷)The next morning, one of the first to arrive was my little frostbitten boy.第二天早上,我那被冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。
(3)有些抽象名词后也常跟动词不定式作定语,常见的有ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、way、plan、offer等。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. 骑自行车是探索这座城市最经济、最可持续、最有趣的方式,这里有美丽的运河、公园、广场和无数的灯光。
二、分词作定语
1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式:
doing 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系
being done 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系且表示正在进行的动作
done 被修饰的名词与非谓语动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系
The meeting being held now is very important. 现在正在举行的会议非常重要。(表示被动和正在进行)
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你建立一种适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。
2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已经完成。
boiling water 沸腾的水(正在进行)
boiled water 开水(已经完成)
提醒:
to be done、done和being done作定语的区别:
to be done表示被动和将来,done表示被动和完成,being done表示被动和正在进行。
Listen! The song being played is very popular with the students. 听!正在播放的这首歌非常受学生们的欢迎。
The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important. 明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。
三、动名词作定语
动名词作定语时,只放在名词前,主要用来说明被修饰词的性能或用途,不表示动作,被修饰的名词与动名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系。
a fishing net 渔网(=a net for fishing)
a sleeping car卧铺车(=a car for sleeping)
非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语
1.to do可替换为in order to do结构(可以放在句首或句中)或so as to do结构(只能放在句中)。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.他还设计了一台生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市——福州的运河水。
2.作结果状语,常用于so...as to、 such...as to、enough to、only to(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)、too...to等结构中。
(2022·全国甲卷)It's never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢,为时不晚。
An American explorer has achieved the world's deepest ever underwater dive in a submersible only to find plastic waste on the seafloor.美国的一位探险家乘坐潜水器进行了世界上有史以来最深的潜水,但最后却发现,海底都是塑料垃圾。
3.作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中。这类形容词常为情绪类形容词,有happy、glad、sorry、anxious、proud、disappointed、angry、surprised、ready、delighted、pleased等。
(2023·新高考卷)I was so delighted to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher.听到这个消息我非常高兴,便立即和老师分享了这个消息。
提醒:
在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式是逻辑上的动宾关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,应用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常用于该结构的形容词有easy、hard、difficult、important、impossible、pleasant、nice、comfortable、safe、dangerous等。
(2023·全国乙卷)What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.更重要的是,室内植物很容易打理,而且不太贵。
二、分词作状语
1.分词作状语时其形式的选择
形式 意义
doing 与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生
having done 与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生
done 与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,表完成
being done 与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
having been done 与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生
2.分词作状语的句法功能
分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。为了强调还可与while、when、once、if、unless等连用。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems(=and observed how nature solved problems).当John Todd还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的。(表示伴随)
(2022·浙江1月卷)One day, while driving near her home(=while she was driving near her home), she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. 有一天,她在自己家附近开车时,看到一只狗在路上徘徊,显然是迷路了。(表示时间)
Given another hour(=If I'm given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时,我也能解决这个问题。(表示条件)
提醒:
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有located (坐落于)、lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着的)、lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦的)、faced with(面对着)。
Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画,John没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
三、独立成分作状语
有些分词或动词不定式短语作状语时,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,它们被称作独立成分。常见的如下:
独立成分 释义
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地说
judging from/by... 根据……来判断
considering.../taking... into consideration/account 考虑到
to tell (you) the truth 说实话
compared to/with 与……相比
seeing/given... 考虑到……
(2023·浙江1月卷)Compared to other alternatives, it's comfortable and relaxing. 与其他选择相比,它既舒适又令人放松。
Judging from the look of the sky, it is likely to rain. 看这天,可能会下雨。
四、独立主格结构
1.构成:
(1)名词/代词+分词
(2)名词/代词+动词不定式
(3)with/without+名词/代词+分词/动词不定式
2.特点:
(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;
(2)独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或动词不定式是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系;
(3)独立主格结构与句子之间一般有逗号。
Weather permitting(=If weather permits),we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天就去看你。
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head).他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。
非谓语动词作宾语、宾补等
一、非谓语动词作宾语
1.非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式。
(1)常接动词-ing形式的动词
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏 avoid,miss,go on/keep on,practice,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃跑 forbid,imagine,risk,can't help,mind,allow/permit,escape
(2023·全国乙卷)I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.我经常早点出发,寻找合适的目的地,这样我就可以早点调试(相机),以免错过我试图拍照的那一刻。
(2)常接动词不定式的动词
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,volunteer,pretend
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮 offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.他决定建造他后来称之为生态机器的东西。
2.有些动词既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接动词不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
I remembered locking the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 离开办公室之前,我记得我锁门了,却忘记关灯了。
3.动词want、need、require作“需要”讲时,其后要用动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
二、非谓语动词作宾补
1.感官动词(see、watch、observe、notice、look at、hear、listen to、feel等)后面的宾语补足语有四种常见的非谓语动词形式。以see为例:
see+宾语+doing sth 看见……正在做…… 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主谓关系
see+宾语+do sth 看见……做了……
see+宾语+being done 看见……正在被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的动宾关系
see+宾语+done 看见……被做
(2023·浙江1月卷)I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air.我转过身来,看到同一只蜂鸟在空中盘旋。
2.动词let、make、have、get、leave、keep、find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——面皮更多,汤更少,而且包子皮是用手压出来的,而不是擀出来的。
3.在固定短语中,动词不定式作宾补,如want/advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb to do sth等。
(2022·浙江1月卷)He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together.当她一岁的时候,他从加拿大搬到了加利福尼亚,因为他想让他们一起探索一个新的地方。
4.“with+宾语+宾补”结构。
(1)with+名词/代词+动词-ing形式(可表示主动和动作正在进行)
(2023·浙江1月卷)With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train 随着油价上涨,机场安检线比以往任何时候都长,为什么不为下一次国内度假预订火车票呢?
(2)with+名词/代词+过去分词(可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态)
(2023·浙江1月卷)Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began climbing. 然后,一根绳子的一端绑在他的腰上,另一端绕在树干上,Ziyad开始攀爬。
(3)with+名词/代词+动词不定式(表示动作尚未发生)
With a lot of homework to do,I can't go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰。
提醒:
①有些动词,如think、consider、believe、suppose、feel、find、understand等后常用to be作宾语补足语或主语补足语(被动语态中为主语补足语)。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
②在sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/ thought +to do/to have done 结构中,动词不定式作主语补足语。
Two of them were reported to have suffered serious injury.据报道,其中两人受伤严重。
非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和动词不定式。
(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示具体某一次的动作。我们常用it作形式主语,而动词不定式是真正的主语,放在句末,以使句子保持平衡。
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)If you're lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能有一个袖珍公园,但在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是不寻常的。
提醒:
在“It is/was+ adj. + for/of sb to do sth”结构中,若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of,此时形容词常为kind、nice、foolish等词,且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系;若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多,真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
(2)动名词(短语)作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式(短语)作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. 在鸡舍和其他农场动物区周围设置电围栏也能高效地赶走灰熊。
提醒:
it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动名词(短语)。常见句型:
“It is/was no use/good +doing sth.”
“It is/was not any use/good +doing sth.”
“It is/was of little use/good +doing sth.”
“It is/was useless doing sth.”
“It's a waste of time doing sth.”等。
It is no good trying that method, because it won't work. 尝试那种方法没有意义,因为它不起作用。
2.非谓语动词作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。
(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits.我们希望能有一个干净、没有引诱物的地方,熊可以从那里通过,而不会养成坏习惯。
(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Our job is playing all kinds of music.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。
(3)现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语,现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”;而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。
It is particularly interesting to compare the two versions.将两个版本进行比较特别有趣。
(2023·全国乙卷)One in four adults say...and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. 四分之一的成年人表示……年轻人也对烹饪越来越感兴趣。
【真题演练】
1. [2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _______(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
2. [2023·全国甲卷]For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言)________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
3. [2023·全国甲卷]“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, __________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
4. [2022·全国乙卷]__________(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
5. [2022·全国乙卷]“...It can help to build a community with a________(share) future for mankind,” he said.
6. [2022·全国乙卷]The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society_______(address) the opening ceremony.
7. [2022·全国甲卷]A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step________(journey) the Belt and Road route by foot.
8. [2022·全国甲卷]Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation __________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road.
9. [2022·全国甲卷]In the last five years, Cao________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain.
10. [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]You can't help wondering how hard it_______(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
答案:
1. visiting
2. to teach
3. borrowing
4. To strengthen
5. shared
6. addressed
7. to journey
8. held
9. has walked
10. was