高中英语语法精讲精练学案(7)(含答案)—非谓语之动名词 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

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名称 高中英语语法精讲精练学案(7)(含答案)—非谓语之动名词 导学案-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高中英语语法精讲精练(7)—— 非谓语之动名词
思维导图 2
学习目标 2
高考考向 2
一、识别动名词 2
(一)识别句法功能 2
(二)作谓语与非谓语的区分 3
(三)易混点辨析 3
二、句法功能 4
(一)动名词作主语 4
(二)动名词作宾语 6
(三)动名词作表语 9
(四)动名词作定语 12
三、阅读应用:长难句分析 13
(一)句子分析 13
(二)篇章分析(选自 2023 全国甲卷阅读理解) 14
四、书面表达应用 15
(一)动名词作主语提升文采 15
(二)动名词作宾语丰富句式 16
(三)读后续写应用 18
五、课后练习 20
I. 语法填空(共 20 题) 20
II. 阅读长难句分析 22
III. 完成句子 23
V. 书面表达片段写作 24
思维导图
学习目标
掌握动名词构成形式(主动一般式、主动完成式、被动一般式、被动完成式)并能灵活运用。
熟练识别动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语的用法,理解其与逻辑主语的关系。
辨析动名词与现在分词、不定式的用法差异,尤其注意高频动词后接动名词的固定搭配。
能在高考真题语境中准确判断动名词的形式变化,提升语法填空和书面表达的得分能力。
高考考向
题型:语法填空题、阅读理解长难句解析、书面表达高级句式运用
考向:动名词作主语(含 it 形式主语句型)、作动词 / 介词宾语、作表语、作定语
重要性:☆☆☆☆☆
一、识别动名词
(一)识别句法功能
分析下面句中动名词充当的成分、逻辑主语及使用原因。
Restricting single-use plastics has become a global consensus.
动名词:Restricting
充当成分:主语
用法分析:表示抽象的环保政策概念,动名词作主语强调动作的普遍性。
Scientists acknowledged having overestimated the virus transmission rate.
动名词:having overestimated
充当成分:宾语(动词 acknowledged 的宾语)
逻辑主语:句子主语 Scientists
用法分析:acknowledge 后必须接动名词,且 "高估" 动作发生在 "承认" 之前,需用完成式。
The new policy's focus is optimizing medical resource allocation.
动名词:optimizing
充当成分:表语
逻辑主语:句子主语 The new policy's focus
用法分析:说明政策核心内容,主语与表语可互换(Optimizing...is the new policy's focus)。
We need to build more waste-sorting facilities in urban communities.
动名词:sorting
充当成分:定语(修饰名词 facilities)
逻辑主语:被修饰的名词 facilities
用法分析:表示设施的功能(用于垃圾分类),相当于 "facilities for waste sorting",贴合高考 "城市建设" 话题。
(二)作谓语与非谓语的区分
类别 特点 例句
谓语 由助动词 + 现在分词构成, 体现进行时态 2023 全国甲卷:They are advocating reducing carbon emissions. 他们正在倡导减少碳排放
非谓语(动名词) 不体现时态,充当名词性成分 2022 新课标 I 卷:Advocating low-carbon life helps combat climate change. 倡导低碳生活有助于对抗气候变化
(三)易混点辨析
动名词 vs 现在分词作定语
动名词: 表用途(2023 浙江卷:a data-processing center 数据处理中心 = a center for processing data)
现在分词: 表主动进行(2021 全国乙卷:a developing country 发展中国家 = a country that is developing)
动名词 vs 不定式作宾语(高频考点)
动词举例 接动名词(表已发生 / 习惯性) 接不定式(表未发生 / 具体性)
regret He regretted making hasty remarks. 后悔说过冲动的话。 We regret to inform you of the cancellation. 遗憾地通知你取消事宜。
try She tried using bio-fertilizers. 试着用生物肥料。 Farmers try to improve yields. 农民努力提高产量。
二、句法功能
(一)动名词作主语
动名词作主语时,核心特征是表示抽象概念、习惯性动作或已完成的动作,在高考中常与环保、科技、文化、教育等热点话题结合,体现语言的实用性。
主谓一致原则
动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
Recycling plastic bottles reduces environmental pollution.
回收塑料瓶减少环境污染。
与不定式作主语的区别
动名词作主语 不定式作主语
侧重习惯性、抽象性动作 侧重具体的、一次性的动作
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的爱好。—— 习惯性动作 To collect these stamps takes him three years. 收集这些邮票花了他三年时间。—— 具体动作
常用固定句型(附相关单词及搭配)
句型结构 相关单词 常见搭配动词 例句
It is no good/use doing sth.(做某事没好处 / 没用) good(好处)、use(用处) argue(争论)、complain(抱怨)、quarrel(争吵) It is no good arguing with him when he is angry. 他生气的时候和他争论没好处。
It is worthwhile doing sth. (做某事值得) worthwhile(值得的) explore(探索)、study(研究)、research(调研) It is worthwhile studying the history of this ancient city. 研究这座古城的历史是值得的。
It is fun doing sth. (做某事很有趣) fun(乐趣) play(玩)、 travel(旅行)、 chat(聊天) It is fun playing games with friends on weekends. 周末和朋友玩游戏很有趣。
It is a waste of time/money doing sth. (做某事是浪费时间 / 金钱) waste(浪费)、time(时间)、money(金钱) quarrel(争吵)、 buy(买)、 wait(等待) It is a waste of money buying clothes you never wear. 买从来不穿的衣服是浪费金钱。
模拟练习
(2023 全国甲卷)___________ (learn) about a country’s culture is necessary before visiting it.
答案:Learning。
解析:表示抽象动作 “了解一个国家的文化”,动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 is。
It is worthwhile ___________ (explore) the connection between traditional art and modern technology.
答案:exploring。
解析:固定句型 It is worthwhile doing sth.,意为 “探索传统艺术与现代科技的联系是值得的”。
Using public transport instead of private cars ___________ (contribute) to lowering carbon emissions.
答案:contributes。
解析:动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,体现主谓一致。
(2024 浙江模拟)___________ (protect) endangered species has become a global task.
答案:Protecting。
解析:表示抽象动作 “保护濒危物种”,动名词作主语,故填 Protecting。
It is no good ___________ (ignore) the importance of physical exercise.
答案:ignoring。
解析:固定句型 It is no good doing sth.,意为 “忽视体育锻炼的重要性没好处”。
___________ (read) classic literature helps improve one’s language ability and cultural literacy.
答案:Reading。
解析:动名词短语作主语,谓语动词用单数 helps。
It is a waste of time ___________ (wait) for him here all day.
答案waiting。
解析:固定句型 It is a waste of time doing sth.,意为 “整天在这里等他是浪费时间”。
It is risky ___________ (put) all your money in one investment.
答案:putting。
解析:固定句型 It is risky doing sth.,意为 “把所有的钱都投在一项投资上有风险”。
(二)动名词作宾语
动名词作宾语是高考核心考点,常出现在语法填空、短文改错等题型中,需重点掌握动词与动名词、介词与动名词的搭配规律。
动名词作宾语的语法特征
动名词作宾语时,体现动作的抽象性、习惯性或已完成性,与不定式作宾语(表具体、未发生的动作)形成区别。
对比例句:
He is fond of playing basketball regularly.—— 习惯性动作,用动名词
他喜欢定期打篮球。
He intends to play basketball in the coming tournament.—— 具体动作,用不定式
他打算在即将到来的锦标赛中打篮球。
高频搭配分类
搭配类型 核心特点 高频词汇 / 短语 例句
动词 + 动名词 谓语动词后直接接动名词作宾语 认知类: acknowledge(承认)、advocate(主张)、anticipate(预期)、consider(考虑) 情感类: appreciate(感激)、enjoy(享受)、mind(介意)、resent(怨恨) 行动类: avoid(避免)、delay(推迟)、escape(逃避)、resist(抵制) 2023 全国乙卷:Experts advocate banning disposable plastics to alleviate environmental contamination. 专家主张禁止一次性塑料制品以减轻环境污染。
介词 + 动名词 介词后必须接动名词作宾语,构成 “介词 + 动名词” 结构 短语介词: in spite of(尽管)、instead of(代替)、regardless of(不管) 动词短语: object to(反对)、persist in(坚持)、stick to(坚持)、submit to(屈服) 2022 浙江卷:She persisted in conducting on - site investigations in spite of tremendous obstacles. 尽管困难重重,她坚持进行实地调查。
易错点提示
(1)同动词接动名词与不定式的含义差异
动词 接动名词(doing) 接不定式(to do) 例句对比
remember 记得做过某事 (动作已完成) 记得要做某事 (动作未发生) 她记得离开前锁了门: She remembered locking the door. 记得买牛奶: Remember to buy some milk.
forget 忘记做过某事 (动作已完成) 忘记要做某事 (动作未发生) 忘了见过她: He forgot meeting her. 别忘了交作业: Don't forget to submit homework.
regret 后悔做过某事 (动作已完成) 遗憾地要做某事 (动作即将发生) 后悔说刻薄话: I regret saying those words. 遗憾通知拒信: We regret to inform you...
try 尝试做某事 (测试新方法) 努力做某事 (付出努力达成目标) 尝试新方法: Try using a different approach. 努力提前完成: She tried to finish early.
mean 意味着做某事 (产生某种结果) 打算做某事 (有计划的动作) 错过火车意味着等待: Missing the train means waiting. 打算讨论问题: I mean to discuss it.
stop 停止正在做的事 (中断当前动作) 停下来去做另一件事 (切换动作) 停止阅读:He stopped reading. 停下来休息:They stopped to rest.
(2)介词 to 与不定式符号 to 的区分
介词 to + 动名词(doing)(常见搭配):
object to(反对):She objects to being treated like a child.
be accustomed to(习惯于):He is accustomed to working overtime.
look forward to(期待):We look forward to seeing you.
get used to(习惯于):They get used to living in the countryside.
admit to(承认):He admitted to breaking the rule.
不定式符号 to + 动词原形(do)(常见搭配):
desire to(渴望):She desires to become a teacher.
afford to(负担得起):We can't afford to waste time.
promise to(承诺):He promised to keep his word.
refuse to(拒绝):They refused to give up.
tend to(倾向于):Children tend to imitate adults.
(3)特殊易混结构
结构 用法说明(to 的性质) 例句
be used to doing to 是介词,表 “习惯于做某事” She is used to getting up at 6 a.m.(她习惯早起。)
used to do to 是不定式符号,表 “过去常常” She used to get up at 6 a.m.(她过去常常早起。)
典型例句
(2024 全国甲卷)She avoided ___________ (refer) to the sensitive topic to prevent disputes.
答案:referring。
解析:avoid 后接动名词作宾语,意为 “她避免提及这个敏感话题以防止争论”。
(2023 山东卷)They attained success in ___________ (develop) an innovative energy - efficient material.
答案:developing。
解析:attain success in 中 in 为介词,后接动名词,意为 “他们成功研发出一种创新型节能材料”。
He proposed ___________ (convene) a seminar to deliberate on the intricate problem.
答案:convening。
解析:propose 后接动名词作宾语,意为 “他提议召开一次研讨会来商议这个复杂的问题”。
模拟练习
(2025 全国预测)The committee procrastinated ___________ (cast) votes on the controversial proposal.
答案:casting
解析:动词 "procrastinate"(拖延)的固定用法为 "procrastinate doing sth.",后接动名词作宾语,强调 “拖延做某事” 这一动作的抽象性,句中 "cast votes" 意为 “投票”,此处需将动词 "cast" 变为动名词形式 "casting"。
(2024 新课标模拟)His triumph consists in ___________ (grasp) every fleeting opportunity.
答案:grasping
详细解析:短语 "consist in" 表示 “在于、取决于”,其中 "in" 为介词,介词后需接动名词作宾语,构成 "consist in doing sth." 结构。"grasp every fleeting opportunity" 意为 “抓住每一个稍纵即逝的机会”。
She cherished ___________ (be) granted the privilege to participate in the prestigious project.
答案:being granted
详细解析:动词 "cherish"(珍视、重视)后接动名词作宾语,即 "cherish doing sth.",强调对某一动作或状态的珍视。句中 "be granted the privilege" 表示 “被赋予特权”,存在被动关系,因此需用动名词的被动形式 "being granted"。
They protested against ___________ (construct) a factory in the vicinity of the residential zone.
答案:constructing
详细解析:短语 "protest against" 意为 “抗议、反对”,其中 "against" 是介词,介词后必须接动名词作宾语,"construct a factory" 意为 “建造工厂”,将动词 "construct" 变为动名词 "constructing"。
Don’t hesitate ___________ (formulate) a resolution, otherwise you will forfeit the golden chance.
答案:formulating
详细解析:动词 "hesitate"(犹豫)的固定用法为 "hesitate doing sth.",后接动名词作宾语,强调 “犹豫做某事” 这一行为。"formulate a resolution" 意为 “制定决议”,将动词 "formulate" 变为动名词 "formulating",警示对方不要犹豫,以免错失良机。
(三)动名词作表语
动名词作表语是高考中较为重要的语法点,常出现在说明文、议论文等文体中,主要用于说明主语的具体内容、性质或特征。
动名词作表语的核心特征
动名词作表语时,通常用于说明主语的具体内容、职业、爱好或习惯性动作,此时主语多为表示 “行为、职业、爱好” 等的名词,如 function(功能)、job(工作)、hobby(爱好)、responsibility(职责)等。动名词作表语与主语在意义上往往是等同的,即主语和表语可以互换位置而句意基本不变。
例句:
Her hobby is painting landscapes.(可互换为:Painting landscapes is her hobby.)
她的爱好是画风景画。
与不定式作表语的区别
动名词作表语侧重表示抽象的、习惯性的动作或主语的内容;不定式作表语则侧重表示具体的、一次性的动作或将来的动作,且往往含有 “应该、必须” 等意味。
对比例句:
My aim is mastering English.—— 表示抽象的目标,用动名词
我的目标是掌握英语。
My aim is to master English this year.—— 表示具体的、将来的动作,用不定式
我的目标是今年掌握英语。
典型例句
(2023 新高考 I 卷改编)The main function of this app is ___________ (track) physical activity.
答案:tracking。
解析:此处说明应用的主要功能这一内容,用动名词作表语,意为 “这款应用的主要功能是追踪身体活动”。
(2022 全国乙卷改编)Her daily routine is ___________ (monitor) air quality data.
答案:monitoring。
解析:主语为 “日常工作”,动名词作表语说明其具体内容,意为 “她的日常工作是监测空气质量数据”。
His passion is ___________ (explore) remote ancient ruins.
答案:exploring。
解析:主语 “passion(热情)” 表示爱好相关内容,动名词作表语说明其具体所指,意为 “他的热情是探索偏远的古代遗迹”。
模拟练习
(2025 湖北模拟)One of his responsibilities is ___________ (supervise) the project implementation.
答案:supervising
解析:主语 "One of his responsibilities"(他的职责之一)表示具体的行为范畴,表语需用动名词说明职责的具体内容,构成 “主语(职责)= 动名词(具体动作)” 的逻辑对等关系。"supervise the project implementation" 意为 “监督项目执行”,将动词 "supervise" 变为动名词 "supervising"。
(2024 江苏模拟)The key to sustainable development is ___________ (balance) economic growth and environmental protection.
答案:balancing
解析:主语 "The key to sustainable development"(可持续发展的关键)强调核心方法,表语需用动名词阐述这一关键的具体指向,形成 “关键 = 动作” 的解释关系。"balance economic growth and environmental protection" 意为 “平衡经济增长与环境保护”,动名词 "balancing" 作表语。
The job of a zoologist is ___________ (study) the behavior of animals in the wild.
答案:studying
解析:主语 "The job of a zoologist"(动物学家的工作)明确指向职业内容,表语需用动名词具体说明工作的核心动作,体现 “工作内容 = 动作” 的对等性。"study the behavior of animals in the wild" 意为 “研究野生动物的行为”,动名词 "studying" 作表语,清晰界定了动物学家的工作核心。
My favorite pastime is ___________ (collect) rare stamps from all over the world.
答案:collecting
解析:主语 "my favorite pastime"(我最喜欢的消遣)表示爱好范畴,表语需用动名词说明爱好的具体行为,形成 “爱好 = 动作” 的解释关系。"collect rare stamps from all over the world" 意为 “收集世界各地的稀有邮票”,动名词 "collecting" 作表语,生动体现了消遣的具体内容。
The focus of this research is ___________ (analyze) the impact of climate change on agriculture.
答案:analyzing
解析:主语 "The focus of this research"(这项研究的重点)强调研究的核心方向,表语需用动名词阐述重点所在的具体动作,体现 “研究重点 = 动作” 的逻辑。"analyze the impact of climate change on agriculture" 意为 “分析气候变化对农业的影响”,动名词 "analyzing" 作表语,又精准说明了研究的核心内容。
(四)动名词作定语
动名词作定语是高考中常见的语法点,多出现于科技说明、环保论述等文本中,主要用于体现被修饰词的用途或功能。
动名词作定语的核心特征
动名词作定语时,仅说明被修饰名词的用途、功能或性质,不表示动作正在进行,其逻辑关系多为 “用于…… 的”。动名词常位于被修饰词之前,构成 “动名词 + 名词” 的复合结构。
例句:
This is a reading room.—— 表示 “用于阅读的房间”
这是一个阅览室。
We need a swimming pool in the community.—— 表示 “用于游泳的池子”
社区里需要一个游泳池。
与现在分词作定语的区别
动名词作定语侧重说明被修饰词的用途或功能;现在分词作定语则侧重表示被修饰词正在进行的动作或主动特征。
对比例句:
a sleeping bag(睡袋 —— 动名词作定语,表用途 “用于睡觉的袋子”)
a sleeping child(熟睡的孩子 —— 现在分词作定语,表动作 “正在睡觉的孩子”)
常见构词规律
高考中常出现 “名词 + 动名词” 构成的复合名词,这类词汇多与科技、环保、生活领域相关,如:
water-saving(节水的)
energy-consuming(耗能的)
noise-reducing(降噪的)
典型例句
(2023 全国甲卷)The city plans to build a waste-recycling plant next year.
分析:
动名词 "recycling" 作定语修饰 "plant",构成 "名词 + 动名词" 复合结构,明确表示该工厂的核心功能是 "回收废物(waste)",相当于 "a plant for recycling waste"。
The company launched a carbon-capturing technology last month.
分析:
动名词 "capturing" 作定语修饰 "technology",说明该技术的用途是 "捕捉碳(carbon)",形成 "carbon-capturing" 复合定语结构,相当于 "a technology for capturing carbon"。这种结构在科技类文本中高频使用,体现动名词表功能的语法特征。
模拟练习
The ____________ (cut) machine in the factory can process tons of materials every day.
答案:cutting
解析:动名词 "cutting" 作定语修饰 "machine",直接表明机器的用途是 “用于切割”,即 "a machine for cutting",考查动名词直接作定语表功能的用法。
We are planning to set up a ____________ (rescue) center in the neighborhood to help people in need.
答案:rescuing
解析:动名词 "rescuing" 修饰 "center",说明该中心的功能是 “用于救助”,即 "a center for rescuing",通过社区服务话题考查动名词作定语。
This area is in need of a ____________(改良土壤的) project to boost crop yields.
答案:soil-improving
解析:动名词 "improving" 修饰 "project",构成 "soil-improving" 复合结构,说明项目的用途是 "改良土壤(soil)",即 "a project for improving soil"。通过农业话题考查动名词表功能的用法,强调事物与动作的关联。
The school built a new ____________(存放书籍的) room to preserve ancient manuscripts.
答案:book-storing
解析:动名词 "storing" 修饰 "room",构成 "book-storing" 复合结构,说明房间的用途是 "存放书籍(book)",即 "a room for storing books"。
三、阅读应用:长难句分析
(一)句子分析
1. (2023 全国乙卷)Having observed the wildlife for decades, the researcher emphasized protecting the fragile ecosystem being disrupted by human activities.
经过数十年的野生动物观察,这位研究者强调要保护正被人类活动破坏的脆弱生态系统。
分析:
动名词完成式 "Having observed" 作状语,强调先于谓语的动作;"protecting" 作动词 emphasized 的宾语;"being disrupted" 作定语,体现被动进行,三层非谓语结构叠加。
2. (2022 新课标 I 卷)The policy's effectiveness depends on enterprises' complying with emission standards and the public's participating in supervision.
该政策的有效性取决于企业遵守排放标准和公众参与监督。
分析:
动名词 "complying" 和 "participating" 分别作介词 on 的宾语,且带逻辑主语(enterprises' /public's),体现动名词复合结构,是高考难点考点。
3. (2024 山东模拟)After finishing drafting the environmental report, the team suggested submitting it to the authorities and waiting for approval.
完成环境报告的起草后,该团队建议将其提交给有关部门并等待批准。
分析:
"finishing" 作介词 After 的宾语,构成介词短语作状语;"submitting" 和 "waiting" 作动词 suggested 的宾语,形成 “suggest doing sth.” 的搭配,多个动名词连用体现动作的连贯性。
4. (2023 浙江卷)What matters most is everyone's taking responsibility for reducing carbon footprints in daily life.
最重要的是每个人都要在日常生活中为减少碳足迹承担责任。
分析:
动名词复合结构 "everyone's taking" 作表语,说明主语 "What matters most" 的具体内容;"reducing" 作介词 for 的宾语,嵌套在动名词短语中,体现动名词的层级运用。
5. (2025 全国预测)Not having received a response, she considered calling the organization to inquire about the progress of the charity project.
由于没有收到回复,她考虑给该组织打电话询问这个慈善项目的进展。
分析:
动名词完成式的否定形式 "Not having received" 作状语,强调动作未发生且先于谓语动作;"calling" 和 "inquire" 中,"calling" 作 considered 的宾语,"inquire" 作目的状语,动名词与不定式搭配使用,展现非谓语动词的综合运用。
(二)篇章分析(选自 2023 全国甲卷阅读理解)
Urban greening initiatives have proven effective in mitigating heat munities are practicing planting native species, which reduces maintenance costs. Experts suggest expanding such programs, noting that citizens' participating boosts success rates. Opposing blindly introducing exotic plants, environmentalists advocate preserving local ecosystems. Monitoring these projects' outcomes helps optimize future strategies.
分析
动名词作宾语:
"practicing planting"(practice 后接动名词)、"suggest expanding"(suggest 后接动名词)、"opposing introducing"(oppose 后接动名词)
动名词复合结构:
"citizens' participating"(名词所有格作逻辑主语)、"these projects' outcomes"(名词作逻辑主语)
四、书面表达应用
在高考书面表达中,灵活运用动名词能有效提升句式丰富度和表达精准度,符合 “使用高级词汇和复杂句式” 的评分标准。以下从不同应用场景展开说明:
(一)动名词作主语提升文采
动名词作主语可将简单动作抽象化,增强句子的概括性和正式感,尤其适用于议论文的观点陈述或说明文的现象描述。
应用技巧:
搭配抽象名词(如 revolution, transformation, significance 等)提升立意;
加入方式状语(through, by 等)丰富逻辑层次。
句式结构参考
V-ing + 副词修饰+ 抽象名词相关的谓语动词,如 shape/accelerate/underline/boost/relieve+ 抽象名词(如 evolution/progress/value)+ 方式状语(through.../by virtue of...)+ 具体内容(如 concrete measures/data support)。
示例:
Promoting green commuting (V-ing) effectively (副词) accelerates (谓语动词) the transformation (抽象名词) of urban transportation by integrating bike-sharing systems and electric bus networks (方式状语 + 具体内容)。
推广绿色通勤(动名词)有效地(副词)促进了(谓语动词)城市交通的变革(抽象名词),其方式是整合共享单车系统与电动公交网络(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
应用示例
话题:科技与生活
基础句:
We develop AI technology. It benefits healthcare.
我们发展人工智能技术。它对医疗健康有益。
升级句:
Developing AI technology (V-ing) consistently (副词) drives (谓语动词) the advancement (抽象名词) of healthcare by enabling precise diagnosis and personalized treatment (方式状语 + 具体内容)。
发展人工智能技术(动名词)持续地(副词)推动了(谓语动词)医疗健康领域的进步(抽象名词),其方式是实现精准诊断与个性化治疗(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
话题:环保行动
基础句:
We sort garbage. It reduces pollution.
我们进行垃圾分类。这减少了污染。
升级句:
Sorting garbage (V-ing) effectively (副词) promotes (谓语动词) the improvement (抽象名词) of environmental quality by minimizing waste in landfills and enhancing resource recycling (方式状语 + 具体内容)。
进行垃圾分类(动名词)有效地(副词)促进了(谓语动词)环境质量的改善(抽象名词),其方式是减少垃圾填埋场的废弃物并提高资源回收率(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
应用练习
1. 用动名词作主语的句式阐述节约用电的意义
参考:
Saving electricity deliberately (V-ing) obviously (副词) boosts (谓语动词) the efficiency (抽象名词) of energy utilization in our school by reducing unnecessary power consumption and extending the lifespan of electrical appliances (方式状语 + 具体内容).
有意识地节约用电(动名词)明显地(副词)提高了(谓语动词)学校能源利用的效率(抽象名词),其方式是减少不必要的电力消耗并延长电器的使用寿命(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
2. 用动名词作主语的句式描述 AI 设备带来的变化,体现科技对生活的影响。
参考:
Installing the AI monitoring device (V-ing) gradually (副词) eases (谓语动词) the anxiety (抽象名词) of our family by sending real-time health data to the doctor and alerting them to abnormal indicators (方式状语 + 具体内容).
安装人工智能监测设备(动名词)逐渐地(副词)缓解了(谓语动词)我们家人的焦虑(抽象名词),其方式是向医生发送实时健康数据并提醒他们注意异常指标(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
(二)动名词作宾语丰富句式
在动词或介词后使用动名词作宾语,可避免句式重复,同时通过固定搭配展现语言积累,常用于建议、措施类表达。
应用技巧:
1.优先使用高考高频动词短语(如 advocate doing, suggest doing, insist on doing 等);
2.借助介词短语(contribute to doing, devote to doing 等)连接逻辑关系。
句式结构参考
主体(如 We/Students)+ 高频动词短语(advocate/suggest/insist on + doing)+ 逗号 + 介词短语(contribute to/devote to + doing)+ 具体结果(如 cultural integration/skill improvement)。
应用示例
话题:文化交流
We advocate promoting traditional festivals, contributing to enhancing cultural exchange and deepening mutual trust.
我们倡导推广传统节日,这有助于加强文化交流并增进相互信任。
话题:校园生活
Students are encouraged to persist in participating in volunteer activities, devoting to cultivating social skills and teamwork spirit.
鼓励学生坚持参加志愿活动,这致力于培养他们的社交技能和团队合作精神。
应用练习
1. 升级基础句:Citizens should reduce plastic use. This protects the ecosystem.
要求:
用动名词作宾语的公式升级句子,使用 "suggest reducing" 和 "contributes to preserving" 结构。
参考升级:
Citizens are suggested reducing plastic use, which contributes to preserving the balance of the ecosystem.
市民被建议减少塑料制品的使用,这有助于维护生态系统的平衡。
2. 句子翻译
专家建议限制有害气体的排放,这有助于改善城市地区的空气质量。
Experts suggest limiting the emission of harmful gases, contributing to improving air quality in urban areas.
3. 话题写作:科技发展
要求:
用动名词作宾语的公式写句子,使用 “insist on developing” 和 “contributes to advancing” 结构。
参考句子:
Scientists insist on developing cutting-edge technologies, contributing to advancing the progress of human civilization.
科学家们坚持研发尖端技术,这有助于推动人类文明的进步。
(三)读后续写应用
读后续写中,动名词可用于场景描写、动作衔接,通过非谓语结构压缩句子长度,增强画面的连贯性和紧凑感。
应用技巧:
用动名词短语作状语体现动作先后(如 Having done...);
结合独立主格、伴随状语等结构丰富细节描写。
句式结构参考
公式一(体现动作先后):
Having + 动名词(表先发生动作), 主体 + 谓语动词(表后发生动作),
伴随状语 / 独立主格(补充细节)
示例 1:
Having finished the tough task, she let out a long sigh, her shoulders relaxing slowly.
完成了艰巨的任务后,她长舒一口气,肩膀慢慢放松下来。
示例 2:
Having heard the exciting news, he jumped up with joy, his face turning red.
听到这个令人兴奋的消息后,他高兴得跳了起来,脸都变红了。
公式二(伴随动作):
动名词(表伴随动作)+ 主体 + 谓语动词(表主要动作), 环境描写 / 状态说明(丰富画面)。
示例 1:
Strolling along the beach, they collected colorful shells, the waves singing softly beside them.
漫步在海滩上,他们捡着五颜六色的贝壳,海浪在旁边轻声歌唱。
示例 2:
Running through the field, the children chased each other, the wind blowing their hair gently.
在田野里奔跑着,孩子们互相追逐,风吹拂着他们的头发。
练习题
I. 完成句子
洗完所有衣服后,她坐在沙发上休息,眼睛慢慢闭上了。
_________________________________, she sat on the sofa to rest, _______________________.
参考答案:
Having washed all the clothes, she sat on the sofa to rest, her eyes closing slowly.
写完作业后,他打开了电视,嘴角微微上扬(curve slightly upward)。
_________________________________, he turned on the TV, ___________________________.
参考答案:
Having finished his homework, he turned on the TV, his mouth curving slightly upward.
清理完房间后,她倒了杯茶,身体渐渐放松下来。
________________________, she poured a cup of tea, _________________________________.
参考答案:
Having cleaned the room, she poured a cup of tea, her body relaxing gradually.
唱着歌,她走进了厨房,手里拿着刚买的蔬菜。
______________________, she walked into the kitchen, _________________________________.
参考答案:
Singing a song, she walked into the kitchen, holding the newly bought vegetables in her hand.
哼着小曲(tune),他整理着书桌,阳光透过窗户照了进来。
______________________, he tidied up the desk, _________________________________.
参考答案:
Humming a tune, he tidied up the desk, the sun shining through the window.
II. 句子翻译
骑着自行车,他欣赏着路边的风景,鸟儿在树上欢快地叫着。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Riding a bicycle, he enjoyed the scenery along the road, the birds singing cheerfully in the trees.
读完那本书后,他陷入了沉思,手指轻轻敲击(tap)着桌面。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Having read that book, he fell into deep thought, his fingers tapping the desk gently.
漫步在公园里,老人们聊着天,阳光温暖地洒在他们身上。
______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Wandering in the park, the elderly chatted, the sun shining warmly on them.
画完这幅画后,她露出了满意的笑容,画笔放在了一旁。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Having finished drawing this picture, she wore a satisfied smile, the paintbrush placed aside.
跳着舞,孩子们来到了广场中央,音乐在空气中回荡(echo)着。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Dancing, the children came to the center of the square, the music echoing in the air.
五、课后练习
I. 语法填空(共 20 题)
The committee postponed ___________ (deliberate) on the controversial policy due to insufficient data.
答案:deliberating
解析:postpone 后接动名词作宾语,表示 “推迟做某事”,此处意为 “推迟对争议政策的审议”。
___________ (overcome) chronic poverty requires long-term investment in education and infrastructure.
答案:Overcoming
解析:动名词作主语,表抽象动作 “克服长期贫困”,谓语动词用单数 requires,体现主谓一致。
The scientist denied ___________ (fabricate) experimental results to support his hypothesis.
答案:fabricating
解析:deny 后接动名词作宾语,意为 “否认伪造实验结果”。
She persisted in ___________ (pursue) her PhD despite facing rampant gender discrimination in academia.
答案:pursuing
解析:persist in 后接动名词,意为 “坚持攻读博士学位”,in 为介词,需用动名词形式。
It is futile ___________ (argue) with stubborn bureaucrats who resist any form of reform.
答案:arguing
解析:固定句型 “It is futile doing sth.” 表示 “做某事徒劳无益”,此处指与顽固官员争论无果。
The documentary exposes the harsh reality of workers ___________ (exploit) in unregulated factories.
答案:being exploited
解析:动名词复合结构 “workers being exploited” 作介词 of 的宾语,体现被动关系,意为 “工人被剥削”。
___________ (navigate) the complexities of international trade agreements demands expertise in both law and economics.
答案:Navigating
解析:动名词作主语,表抽象动作 “应对国际贸易协定的复杂性”。
The artist is renowned for ___________ (incorporate) traditional folk motifs into contemporary sculptures.
答案:incorporating
解析:介词 for 后接动名词,意为 “以将传统民间图案融入当代雕塑而闻名”,体现文化融合。
Parents should discourage their children from ___________ (indulge) in excessive social media use.
答案:indulging
解析:discourage...from 后接动名词,意为 “阻止孩子沉迷社交媒体”,from 为介词,需用动名词。
___________ (fail) twice in the entrance exam, he resolved to seek alternative pathways to higher education.
答案:Having failed
解析:动名词完成式作状语,强调 “失败” 发生在 “决心” 之前,体现动作先后逻辑。
The company's survival hinges on ___________ (innovate) its product line to meet evolving consumer demands.
答案:innovating
解析:hinge on 后接动名词,意为 “公司的生存取决于创新产品线”,on 为介词,需用动名词。
It is worthwhile ___________ (preserve) ancient manuscripts before they deteriorate beyond recognition.
答案:preserving
解析:固定句型 “It is worthwhile doing sth.” 表示 “保护古手稿是值得的”。
The politician's credibility was shattered after ___________ (catch) accepting bribes in a sting operation.
答案:being caught
解析:after 后接动名词被动式,意为 “在被抓到受贿后”,体现被动关系和动作完成。
___________ (fail) to meet the deadline could result in the cancellation of the entire project.
答案:Failing
解析:动名词作主语,表 “未能如期完成” 这一抽象行为,呼应 “项目管理” 语境,谓语用 could result。
The suspect admitted to ___________ (alter) the crime scene to mislead the investigation.
答案:altering
解析:admit to 后接动名词,to 为介词,此处 “altering” 意为 “改动、篡改”,整个结构表示 “嫌疑人承认篡改犯罪现场以误导调查”。
II. 阅读长难句分析
找出下列句子中的动名词,并说明其成分。
(2023 新高考 I 卷)Urban residents are aware of the significance of reducing carbon emissions. They are now practicing riding bicycles instead of driving cars, which contributes to improving air quality. Experts appreciate citizens' participating in such activities and suggest expanding these efforts.
以下是句子中的动名词短语及成分说明:
reducing carbon emissions
成分:
作介词 "of" 的宾语,构成 "the significance of reducing carbon emissions" 结构,说明 "significance" 的具体内容。
riding bicycles
成分:
作动词 "practicing" 的宾语,构成 "practice riding bicycles" 固定搭配,体现具体动作。
driving cars
成分:
作介词 "of" 的宾语,与 "instead of" 搭配,构成 "instead of driving cars" 结构,说明替代的动作。
improving air quality
成分:
作介词 "to" 的宾语("contributes to" 中 "to" 为介词),构成 "contributes to improving air quality" 结构,体现动作的抽象性。
citizens' participating in such activities
成分:
作动词 "appreciate" 的宾语,为动名词复合结构(逻辑主语 "citizens'" + 动名词 "participating"),说明专家赞赏的具体内容。
expanding these efforts
成分:
作动词 "suggest" 的宾语,构成 "suggest expanding these efforts" 固定搭配,提出具体建议。
III. 完成句子
简单句改写
用动名词结构改写下列句子,使其更简洁
People reduce carbon emissions. This is very significant for the environment.
参考答案:
Reducing carbon emissions is very significant for the environment.
Citizens ride bicycles. They don’t drive cars. This can help make the air better.
参考答案:
Riding bicycles instead of driving cars can help improve air quality.
Experts think highly of citizens’ activities. They advise people to do more such things.
参考答案:
Experts appreciate citizens’ activities and suggest doing more such things.
从句改写
将下列含从句的句子改写为含动名词 / 现在分词短语的句子
Urban residents, who know reducing carbon emissions is important, choose to ride bicycles.
参考答案:
Knowing reducing carbon emissions is important, urban residents choose to ride bicycles.
We all agree that practicing riding bicycles instead of driving cars helps improve air quality.
参考答案:
Practicing riding bicycles instead of driving cars is agreed to help improve air quality.
Experts, who appreciate that citizens take part in environmental activities, suggest we should do more.
参考答案:
Appreciating citizens’ participation in environmental activities, experts suggest doing more.
句子翻译
越来越多的城市居民意识到,选择公共交通而非私家车有助于减少碳排放。
参考答案:
More and more urban residents are aware that choosing public transport instead of private cars contributes to reducing carbon emissions.
专家们赞赏市民参与环保活动的热情,并建议扩大这些绿色行动的范围。
参考答案:
Experts appreciate citizens’ enthusiasm for participating in environmental activities and suggest expanding the scope of these green efforts.
坚持骑自行车上下班不仅对健康有益,还能为改善空气质量贡献力量。
参考答案:
Persisting in riding bicycles to and from work is not only beneficial to health but also contributes to improving air quality.
V. 书面表达片段写作
1. 围绕 “体育锻炼” 话题,用至少 3 处动名词结构完成 80 词左右片段
参考词汇和短语:
动名词相关:
doing morning exercises(做早操)、
practicing yoga(练瑜伽)、
joining in team sports(参加团队运动)、
keeping a regular schedule(保持规律作息)、
stretching before workouts(锻炼前拉伸)、
jogging in the park(在公园慢跑)、
persisting in these habits(坚持这些习惯)
其他:
physical fitness(身体素质)、
enhance teamwork(增强团队合作)、
boost confidence(提升自信)、
relieve stress(缓解压力)、
prevent injuries(预防受伤)、
improve endurance(提升耐力)、
build resilience(培养韧性)
句式结构
动名词作主语:Doing... boosts...
动词 + 动名词:persisting in...
介词 + 动名词:before...
补充填空练习
每天做早操能增强身体素质,提高专注力。学习后练瑜伽能缓解压力,让身心都平静下来。参加像篮球这样的团队运动能增强团队合作,因为球员们会协作争取胜利。保持规律的作息能确保精力稳定,有助于完成日常任务。所有这些活动都有助于过上健康、积极的生活。
____________________________ daily boosts physical fitness and sharpens focus. _______ _______ after study relieves stress, calming both body and mind. _____________________ like basketball enhances teamwork, as players cooperate to win. ____________________________ ensures consistent energy, _____________________. All these activities contribute to a healthy, active life.
锻炼前拉伸能预防受伤,让运动更安全。傍晚在公园慢跑能提升耐力,清新的空气还能提神醒脑。坚持这些习惯能培养韧性,让人精力充沛地应对各种挑战。
____________________________ prevents injuries, ____________________________. ____________________________ in the evening improves endurance, with fresh air _______ _____________________. ____________________________ builds resilience, ______________ to tackle challenges with vitality.
参考答案
Doing morning exercises daily boosts physical fitness and sharpens focus. Practicing yoga after study relieves stress, calming both body and mind. Joining in team sports like basketball enhances teamwork, as players cooperate to win. Keeping a regular schedule ensures consistent energy, aiding daily tasks. All these activities contribute to a healthy, active life.
Stretching before workouts prevents injuries, making exercises safer. Jogging in the park in the evening improves endurance, with fresh air refreshing the mind. Persisting in these habits builds resilience, enabling one to tackle challenges with vitality.
2. 写一篇 120 词左右的短文,建议青少年如何保持健康,至少使用 5 处动名词结构。
参考词汇和短语:
动名词相关:
maintaining a balanced diet(保持均衡饮食)、
doing aerobic exercise(做有氧运动)、
avoiding junk food(避免垃圾食品)、
ensuring adequate sleep(保证充足睡眠)、
managing stress properly(合理管理压力)
其他:
physical and mental wellbeing(身心健康)、
immune system(免疫系统)、
concentrate on studies(专注于学习)、
long-term benefits(长远益处)
句式结构:
动名词作主语:Doing... is essential for...
动词 + 动名词:suggest doing...; focus on doing...
介词 + 动名词:by means of doing...; in addition to doing...
参考范文:
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for teenagers' physical and mental wellbeing. Doing aerobic exercise like running or cycling for 30 minutes daily strengthens the immune system. Avoiding junk food and focusing on fresh vegetables and fruits helps build a strong body. Ensuring 8 hours of sleep nightly aids in concentrating on studies. Experts suggest managing stress properly by listening to music or chatting with friends. Remember, improving health through these habits brings long-term benefits.
保持健康的生活方式对青少年的身心健康至关重要。每天做 30 分钟像跑步或骑自行车这样的有氧运动能增强免疫系统。避免垃圾食品、专注于新鲜蔬菜和水果有助于塑造强健的身体。每晚保证 8 小时睡眠有助于专注于学习。专家建议通过听音乐或和朋友聊天来合理管理压力。记住,通过这些习惯改善健康会带来长远益处。高中英语语法精讲精练(7)—— 非谓语之动名词
思维导图 2
学习目标 2
高考考向 2
一、识别动名词 2
(一)识别句法功能 2
(二)作谓语与非谓语的区分 3
(三)易混点辨析 3
二、句法功能 4
(一)动名词作主语 4
(二)动名词作宾语 5
(三)动名词作表语 8
(四)动名词作定语 10
三、阅读应用:长难句分析 11
(一)句子分析 11
(二)篇章分析(选自 2023 全国甲卷阅读理解) 12
四、书面表达应用 13
(一)动名词作主语提升文采 13
(二)动名词作宾语丰富句式 14
(三)读后续写应用 16
五、课后练习 17
I. 语法填空(共 20 题) 17
II. 阅读长难句分析 18
III. 完成句子 18
V. 书面表达片段写作 20
思维导图
学习目标
掌握动名词构成形式(主动一般式、主动完成式、被动一般式、被动完成式)并能灵活运用。
熟练识别动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语的用法,理解其与逻辑主语的关系。
辨析动名词与现在分词、不定式的用法差异,尤其注意高频动词后接动名词的固定搭配。
能在高考真题语境中准确判断动名词的形式变化,提升语法填空和书面表达的得分能力。
高考考向
题型:语法填空题、阅读理解长难句解析、书面表达高级句式运用
考向:动名词作主语(含 it 形式主语句型)、作动词 / 介词宾语、作表语、作定语
重要性:☆☆☆☆☆
一、识别动名词
(一)识别句法功能
分析下面句中动名词充当的成分、逻辑主语及使用原因。
Restricting single-use plastics has become a global consensus.
动名词:___________
充当成分:___________
用法分析:表示抽象的环保政策概念,动名词作主语强调动作的普遍性。
Scientists acknowledged having overestimated the virus transmission rate.
动名词:______________________
充当成分:___________(动词 acknowledged 的宾语)
逻辑主语:___________
用法分析:acknowledge 后必须接动名词,且 "高估" 动作发生在 "承认" 之前,需用完成式。
The new policy's focus is optimizing medical resource allocation.
动名词:___________
充当成分:___________
逻辑主语:___________用法分析:说明政策核心内容,主语与表语可互换(Optimizing...is the new policy's focus)。
We need to build more waste-sorting facilities in urban communities.
动名词:___________
充当成分:___________(修饰名词 facilities)
逻辑主语:被修饰的名词 facilities
用法分析:表示设施的功能(用于垃圾分类),相当于 "facilities for waste sorting",贴合高考 "城市建设" 话题。
(二)作谓语与非谓语的区分
类别 特点 例句
谓语 由助动词 + 现在分词构成, 体现进行时态 2023 全国甲卷:They are advocating reducing carbon emissions. 他们正在倡导减少碳排放
非谓语(动名词) 不体现时态,充当名词性成分 2022 新课标 I 卷:Advocating low-carbon life helps combat climate change. 倡导低碳生活有助于对抗气候变化
(三)易混点辨析
动名词 vs 现在分词作定语
动名词: 表用途(2023 浙江卷:a data-processing center 数据处理中心 = a center for processing data)
现在分词: 表主动进行(2021 全国乙卷:a developing country 发展中国家 = a country that is developing)
动名词 vs 不定式作宾语(高频考点)
动词举例 接动名词(表已发生 / 习惯性) 接不定式(表未发生 / 具体性)
regret He regretted making hasty remarks. 后悔说过冲动的话。 We regret to inform you of the cancellation. 遗憾地通知你取消事宜。
try She tried using bio-fertilizers. 试着用生物肥料。 Farmers try to improve yields. 农民努力提高产量。
二、句法功能
(一)动名词作主语
动名词作主语时,核心特征是表示抽象概念、习惯性动作或已完成的动作,在高考中常与环保、科技、文化、教育等热点话题结合,体现语言的实用性。
主谓一致原则
动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例句:
Recycling plastic bottles reduces environmental pollution.
回收塑料瓶减少环境污染。
与不定式作主语的区别
动名词作主语 不定式作主语
侧重习惯性、抽象性动作 侧重具体的、一次性的动作
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的爱好。—— 习惯性动作 To collect these stamps takes him three years. 收集这些邮票花了他三年时间。—— 具体动作
常用固定句型(附相关单词及搭配)*
句型结构 相关单词 常见搭配动词 例句
It is no good/use doing sth.(做某事没好处 / 没用) good(好处)、use(用处) argue(争论)、complain(抱怨)、quarrel(争吵) It is no good arguing with him when he is angry. 他生气的时候和他争论没好处。
It is worthwhile doing sth. (做某事值得) worthwhile(值得的) explore(探索)、study(研究)、research(调研) It is worthwhile studying the history of this ancient city. 研究这座古城的历史是值得的。
It is fun doing sth. (做某事很有趣) fun(乐趣) play(玩)、 travel(旅行)、 chat(聊天) It is fun playing games with friends on weekends. 周末和朋友玩游戏很有趣。
It is a waste of time/money doing sth. (做某事是浪费时间 / 金钱) waste(浪费)、time(时间)、money(金钱) quarrel(争吵)、 buy(买)、 wait(等待) It is a waste of money buying clothes you never wear. 买从来不穿的衣服是浪费金钱。
模拟练习
(2023 全国甲卷)___________ (learn) about a country’s culture is necessary before visiting it.
It is worthwhile ___________ (explore) the connection between traditional art and modern technology.
Using public transport instead of private cars ___________ (contribute) to lowering carbon emissions.
(2024 浙江模拟)___________ (protect) endangered species has become a global task.
It is no good ___________ (ignore) the importance of physical exercise.
___________ (read) classic literature helps improve one’s language ability and cultural literacy.
It is a waste of time ___________ (wait) for him here all day.
It is risky ___________ (put) all your money in one investment.
(二)动名词作宾语
动名词作宾语是高考核心考点,常出现在语法填空、短文改错等题型中,需重点掌握动词与动名词、介词与动名词的搭配规律。
动名词作宾语的语法特征
动名词作宾语时,体现动作的抽象性、习惯性或已完成性,与不定式作宾语(表具体、未发生的动作)形成区别。
对比例句:
He is fond of playing basketball regularly.—— 习惯性动作,用动名词
他喜欢定期打篮球。
He intends to play basketball in the coming tournament.—— 具体动作,用不定式
他打算在即将到来的锦标赛中打篮球。
高频搭配分类
搭配类型 核心特点 高频词汇 / 短语 例句
动词 + 动名词 谓语动词后直接接动名词作宾语 认知类: acknowledge(承认)、advocate(主张)、anticipate(预期)、consider(考虑) 情感类: appreciate(感激)、enjoy(享受)、mind(介意)、resent(怨恨) 行动类: avoid(避免)、delay(推迟)、escape(逃避)、resist(抵制) 2023 全国乙卷:Experts advocate banning disposable plastics to alleviate environmental contamination. 专家主张禁止一次性塑料制品以减轻环境污染。
介词 + 动名词 介词后必须接动名词作宾语,构成 “介词 + 动名词” 结构 短语介词: in spite of(尽管)、instead of(代替)、regardless of(不管) 动词短语: object to(反对)、persist in(坚持)、stick to(坚持)、submit to(屈服) 2022 浙江卷:She persisted in conducting on - site investigations in spite of tremendous obstacles. 尽管困难重重,她坚持进行实地调查。
易错点提示
(1)同动词接动名词与不定式的含义差异
动词 接动名词(doing) 接不定式(to do) 例句对比
remember 记得做过某事 (动作已完成) 记得要做某事 (动作未发生) 她记得离开前锁了门: She remembered locking the door. 记得买牛奶: Remember to buy some milk.
forget 忘记做过某事 (动作已完成) 忘记要做某事 (动作未发生) 忘了见过她: He forgot meeting her. 别忘了交作业: Don't forget to submit homework.
regret 后悔做过某事 (动作已完成) 遗憾地要做某事 (动作即将发生) 后悔说刻薄话: I regret saying those words. 遗憾通知拒信: We regret to inform you...
try 尝试做某事 (测试新方法) 努力做某事 (付出努力达成目标) 尝试新方法: Try using a different approach. 努力提前完成: She tried to finish early.
mean 意味着做某事 (产生某种结果) 打算做某事 (有计划的动作) 错过火车意味着等待: Missing the train means waiting. 打算讨论问题: I mean to discuss it.
stop 停止正在做的事 (中断当前动作) 停下来去做另一件事 (切换动作) 停止阅读:He stopped reading. 停下来休息:They stopped to rest.
(2)介词 to 与不定式符号 to 的区分
介词 to + 动名词(doing)(常见搭配):
object to(反对):She objects to being treated like a child.
be accustomed to(习惯于):He is accustomed to working overtime.
look forward to(期待):We look forward to seeing you.
get used to(习惯于):They get used to living in the countryside.
admit to(承认):He admitted to breaking the rule.
不定式符号 to + 动词原形(do)(常见搭配):
desire to(渴望):She desires to become a teacher.
afford to(负担得起):We can't afford to waste time.
promise to(承诺):He promised to keep his word.
refuse to(拒绝):They refused to give up.
tend to(倾向于):Children tend to imitate adults.
(3)特殊易混结构
结构 用法说明(to 的性质) 例句
be used to doing to 是介词,表 “习惯于做某事” She is used to getting up at 6 a.m.(她习惯早起。)
used to do to 是不定式符号,表 “过去常常” She used to get up at 6 a.m.(她过去常常早起。)
典型例句
(2024 全国甲卷)She avoided ___________ (refer) to the sensitive topic to prevent disputes.
答案:referring。
解析:avoid 后接动名词作宾语,意为 “她避免提及这个敏感话题以防止争论”。
(2023 山东卷)They attained success in ___________ (develop) an innovative energy - efficient material.
答案:developing。
解析:attain success in 中 in 为介词,后接动名词,意为 “他们成功研发出一种创新型节能材料”。
He proposed ___________ (convene) a seminar to deliberate on the intricate problem.
答案:convening。
解析:propose 后接动名词作宾语,意为 “他提议召开一次研讨会来商议这个复杂的问题”。
模拟练习
(2025 全国预测)The committee procrastinated ___________ (cast) votes on the controversial proposal.
(2024 新课标模拟)His triumph consists in ___________ (grasp) every fleeting opportunity.
She cherished ___________ (be) granted the privilege to participate in the prestigious project.
They protested against ___________ (construct) a factory in the vicinity of the residential zone.
Don’t hesitate ___________ (formulate) a resolution, otherwise you will forfeit the golden chance.
(三)动名词作表语
动名词作表语是高考中较为重要的语法点,常出现在说明文、议论文等文体中,主要用于说明主语的具体内容、性质或特征。
动名词作表语的核心特征
动名词作表语时,通常用于说明主语的具体内容、职业、爱好或习惯性动作,此时主语多为表示 “行为、职业、爱好” 等的名词,如 function(功能)、job(工作)、hobby(爱好)、responsibility(职责)等。动名词作表语与主语在意义上往往是等同的,即主语和表语可以互换位置而句意基本不变。
例句:
Her hobby is painting landscapes.(可互换为:Painting landscapes is her hobby.)
她的爱好是画风景画。
与不定式作表语的区别
动名词作表语侧重表示抽象的、习惯性的动作或主语的内容;不定式作表语则侧重表示具体的、一次性的动作或将来的动作,且往往含有 “应该、必须” 等意味。
对比例句:
My aim is mastering English.—— 表示抽象的目标,用动名词
我的目标是掌握英语。
My aim is to master English this year.—— 表示具体的、将来的动作,用不定式
我的目标是今年掌握英语。
典型例句
(2023 新高考 I 卷改编)The main function of this app is ___________ (track) physical activity.
答案:tracking。
解析:此处说明应用的主要功能这一内容,用动名词作表语,意为 “这款应用的主要功能是追踪身体活动”。
(2022 全国乙卷改编)Her daily routine is ___________ (monitor) air quality data.
答案:monitoring。
解析:主语为 “日常工作”,动名词作表语说明其具体内容,意为 “她的日常工作是监测空气质量数据”。
His passion is ___________ (explore) remote ancient ruins.
答案:exploring。
解析:主语 “passion(热情)” 表示爱好相关内容,动名词作表语说明其具体所指,意为 “他的热情是探索偏远的古代遗迹”。
模拟练习
(2025 湖北模拟)One of his responsibilities is ___________ (supervise) the project implementation.
(2024 江苏模拟)The key to sustainable development is ___________ (balance) economic growth and environmental protection.
The job of a zoologist is ___________ (study) the behavior of animals in the wild.
My favorite pastime is ___________ (collect) rare stamps from all over the world.
The focus of this research is ___________ (analyze) the impact of climate change on agriculture.
(四)动名词作定语
动名词作定语是高考中常见的语法点,多出现于科技说明、环保论述等文本中,主要用于体现被修饰词的用途或功能。
动名词作定语的核心特征
动名词作定语时,仅说明被修饰名词的用途、功能或性质,不表示动作正在进行,其逻辑关系多为 “用于…… 的”。动名词常位于被修饰词之前,构成 “动名词 + 名词” 的复合结构。
例句:
This is a reading room.—— 表示 “用于阅读的房间”
这是一个阅览室。
We need a swimming pool in the community.—— 表示 “用于游泳的池子”
社区里需要一个游泳池。
与现在分词作定语的区别
动名词作定语侧重说明被修饰词的用途或功能;现在分词作定语则侧重表示被修饰词正在进行的动作或主动特征。
对比例句:
a sleeping bag(睡袋 —— 动名词作定语,表用途 “用于睡觉的袋子”)
a sleeping child(熟睡的孩子 —— 现在分词作定语,表动作 “正在睡觉的孩子”)
常见构词规律
高考中常出现 “名词 + 动名词” 构成的复合名词,这类词汇多与科技、环保、生活领域相关,如:
water-saving(节水的)
energy-consuming(耗能的)
noise-reducing(降噪的)
典型例句
(2023 全国甲卷)The city plans to build a waste-recycling plant next year.
分析:
动名词 "recycling" 作定语修饰 "plant",构成 "名词 + 动名词" 复合结构,明确表示该工厂的核心功能是 "回收废物(waste)",相当于 "a plant for recycling waste"。
The company launched a carbon-capturing technology last month.
分析:
动名词 "capturing" 作定语修饰 "technology",说明该技术的用途是 "捕捉碳(carbon)",形成 "carbon-capturing" 复合定语结构,相当于 "a technology for capturing carbon"。这种结构在科技类文本中高频使用,体现动名词表功能的语法特征。
模拟练习
The ____________ (cut) machine in the factory can process tons of materials every day.
We are planning to set up a ____________ (rescue) center in the neighborhood to help people in need.
This area is in need of a ___________________(改良土壤的) project to boost crop yields.
The school built a new _________________(存放书籍的) room to preserve ancient manuscripts.
三、阅读应用:长难句分析
(一)句子分析
1. (2023 全国乙卷)Having observed the wildlife for decades, the researcher emphasized protecting the fragile ecosystem being disrupted by human activities.
经过数十年的野生动物观察,这位研究者强调要保护正被人类活动破坏的脆弱生态系统。
分析:
动名词完成式 "Having observed" 作状语,强调先于谓语的动作;"protecting" 作动词 emphasized 的宾语;"being disrupted" 作定语,体现被动进行,三层非谓语结构叠加。
2. (2022 新课标 I 卷)The policy's effectiveness depends on enterprises' complying with emission standards and the public's participating in supervision.
该政策的有效性取决于企业遵守排放标准和公众参与监督。
分析:
动名词 "complying" 和 "participating" 分别作介词 on 的宾语,且带逻辑主语(enterprises' /public's),体现动名词复合结构,是高考难点考点。
3. (2024 山东模拟)After finishing drafting the environmental report, the team suggested submitting it to the authorities and waiting for approval.
完成环境报告的起草后,该团队建议将其提交给有关部门并等待批准。
分析:
"finishing" 作介词 After 的宾语,构成介词短语作状语;"submitting" 和 "waiting" 作动词 suggested 的宾语,形成 “suggest doing sth.” 的搭配,多个动名词连用体现动作的连贯性。
4. (2023 浙江卷)What matters most is everyone's taking responsibility for reducing carbon footprints in daily life.
最重要的是每个人都要在日常生活中为减少碳足迹承担责任。
分析:
动名词复合结构 "everyone's taking" 作表语,说明主语 "What matters most" 的具体内容;"reducing" 作介词 for 的宾语,嵌套在动名词短语中,体现动名词的层级运用。
5. (2025 全国预测)Not having received a response, she considered calling the organization to inquire about the progress of the charity project.
由于没有收到回复,她考虑给该组织打电话询问这个慈善项目的进展。
分析:
动名词完成式的否定形式 "Not having received" 作状语,强调动作未发生且先于谓语动作;"calling" 和 "inquire" 中,"calling" 作 considered 的宾语,"inquire" 作目的状语,动名词与不定式搭配使用,展现非谓语动词的综合运用。
(二)篇章分析(选自 2023 全国甲卷阅读理解)
Urban greening initiatives have proven effective in mitigating heat munities are practicing planting native species, which reduces maintenance costs. Experts suggest expanding such programs, noting that citizens' participating boosts success rates. Opposing blindly introducing exotic plants, environmentalists advocate preserving local ecosystems. Monitoring these projects' outcomes helps optimize future strategies.
分析
动名词作宾语:
"practicing planting"(practice 后接动名词)、"suggest expanding"(suggest 后接动名词)、"opposing introducing"(oppose 后接动名词)
动名词复合结构:
"citizens' participating"(名词所有格作逻辑主语)、"these projects' outcomes"(名词作逻辑主语)
四、书面表达应用
在高考书面表达中,灵活运用动名词能有效提升句式丰富度和表达精准度,符合 “使用高级词汇和复杂句式” 的评分标准。以下从不同应用场景展开说明:
(一)动名词作主语提升文采
动名词作主语可将简单动作抽象化,增强句子的概括性和正式感,尤其适用于议论文的观点陈述或说明文的现象描述。
应用技巧:
搭配抽象名词(如 revolution, transformation, significance 等)提升立意;
加入方式状语(through, by 等)丰富逻辑层次。
句式结构参考
V-ing + 副词修饰+ 抽象名词相关的谓语动词,如 shape/accelerate/underline/boost/relieve+ 抽象名词(如 evolution/progress/value)+ 方式状语(through.../by virtue of...)+ 具体内容(如 concrete measures/data support)。
示例:
Promoting green commuting (V-ing) effectively (副词) accelerates (谓语动词) the transformation (抽象名词) of urban transportation by integrating bike-sharing systems and electric bus networks (方式状语 + 具体内容)。
推广绿色通勤(动名词)有效地(副词)促进了(谓语动词)城市交通的变革(抽象名词),其方式是整合共享单车系统与电动公交网络(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
应用示例
话题:科技与生活
基础句:
We develop AI technology. It benefits healthcare.
我们发展人工智能技术。它对医疗健康有益。
升级句:
Developing AI technology (V-ing) consistently (副词) drives (谓语动词) the advancement (抽象名词) of healthcare by enabling precise diagnosis and personalized treatment (方式状语 + 具体内容)。
发展人工智能技术(动名词)持续地(副词)推动了(谓语动词)医疗健康领域的进步(抽象名词),其方式是实现精准诊断与个性化治疗(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
话题:环保行动
基础句:
We sort garbage. It reduces pollution.
我们进行垃圾分类。这减少了污染。
升级句:
Sorting garbage (V-ing) effectively (副词) promotes (谓语动词) the improvement (抽象名词) of environmental quality by minimizing waste in landfills and enhancing resource recycling (方式状语 + 具体内容)。
进行垃圾分类(动名词)有效地(副词)促进了(谓语动词)环境质量的改善(抽象名词),其方式是减少垃圾填埋场的废弃物并提高资源回收率(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
应用练习
1. 用动名词作主语的句式阐述节约用电的意义
有意识地节约用电(动名词)明显地(副词)提高了(谓语动词)学校能源利用的效率(抽象名词),其方式是减少不必要的电力消耗并延长电器的使用寿命(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
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2. 用动名词作主语的句式描述 AI 设备带来的变化,体现科技对生活的影响。
安装人工智能监测设备(动名词)逐渐地(副词)缓解了(谓语动词)我们家人的焦虑(抽象名词),其方式是向医生发送实时健康数据并提醒他们注意异常指标(方式状语 + 具体内容)。
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(二)动名词作宾语丰富句式
在动词或介词后使用动名词作宾语,可避免句式重复,同时通过固定搭配展现语言积累,常用于建议、措施类表达。
应用技巧:
1.优先使用高考高频动词短语(如 advocate doing, suggest doing, insist on doing 等);
2.借助介词短语(contribute to doing, devote to doing 等)连接逻辑关系。
句式结构参考
主体(如 We/Students)+ 高频动词短语(advocate/suggest/insist on + doing)+ 逗号 + 介词短语(contribute to/devote to + doing)+ 具体结果(如 cultural integration/skill improvement)。
应用示例
话题:文化交流
We advocate promoting traditional festivals, contributing to enhancing cultural exchange and deepening mutual trust.
我们倡导推广传统节日,这有助于加强文化交流并增进相互信任。
话题:校园生活
Students are encouraged to persist in participating in volunteer activities, devoting to cultivating social skills and teamwork spirit.
鼓励学生坚持参加志愿活动,这致力于培养他们的社交技能和团队合作精神。
应用练习
1. 升级基础句:Citizens should reduce plastic use. This protects the ecosystem.
要求:
用动名词作宾语的公式升级句子,使用 "suggest reducing" 和 "contributes to preserving" 结构。
市民被建议减少塑料制品的使用,这有助于维护生态系统的平衡。
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2. 句子翻译
专家建议限制有害气体的排放,这有助于改善城市地区的空气质量。
Experts suggest limiting the emission of harmful gases, contributing to improving air quality in urban areas.
3. 话题写作:科技发展
要求:
用动名词作宾语的公式写句子,使用 “insist on developing” 和 “contributes to advancing” 结构。
科学家们坚持研发尖端技术,这有助于推动人类文明的进步。
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(三)读后续写应用
读后续写中,动名词可用于场景描写、动作衔接,通过非谓语结构压缩句子长度,增强画面的连贯性和紧凑感。
应用技巧:
用动名词短语作状语体现动作先后(如 Having done...);
结合独立主格、伴随状语等结构丰富细节描写。
句式结构参考
公式一(体现动作先后):
Having + 动名词(表先发生动作), 主体 + 谓语动词(表后发生动作),
伴随状语 / 独立主格(补充细节)
示例 1:
Having finished the tough task, she let out a long sigh, her shoulders relaxing slowly.
完成了艰巨的任务后,她长舒一口气,肩膀慢慢放松下来。
示例 2:
Having heard the exciting news, he jumped up with joy, his face turning red.
听到这个令人兴奋的消息后,他高兴得跳了起来,脸都变红了。
公式二(伴随动作):
动名词(表伴随动作)+ 主体 + 谓语动词(表主要动作), 环境描写 / 状态说明(丰富画面)。
示例 1:
Strolling along the beach, they collected colorful shells, the waves singing softly beside them.
漫步在海滩上,他们捡着五颜六色的贝壳,海浪在旁边轻声歌唱。
示例 2:
Running through the field, the children chased each other, the wind blowing their hair gently.
在田野里奔跑着,孩子们互相追逐,风吹拂着他们的头发。
练习题
I. 完成句子
洗完所有衣服后,她坐在沙发上休息,眼睛慢慢闭上了。
_________________________________, she sat on the sofa to rest, _______________________.
写完作业后,他打开了电视,嘴角微微上扬(curve slightly upward)。
_________________________________, he turned on the TV, ___________________________.
清理完房间后,她倒了杯茶,身体渐渐放松下来。
________________________, she poured a cup of tea, _________________________________.
唱着歌,她走进了厨房,手里拿着刚买的蔬菜。
______________________, she walked into the kitchen, _________________________________.
哼着小曲(tune),他整理着书桌,阳光透过窗户照了进来。
______________________, he tidied up the desk, _________________________________.
II. 句子翻译
骑着自行车,他欣赏着路边的风景,鸟儿在树上欢快地叫着。
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读完那本书后,他陷入了沉思,手指轻轻敲击(tap)着桌面。
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漫步在公园里,老人们聊着天,阳光温暖地洒在他们身上。
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画完这幅画后,她露出了满意的笑容,画笔放在了一旁。
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跳着舞,孩子们来到了广场中央,音乐在空气中回荡(echo)着。
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五、课后练习
I. 语法填空(共 20 题)
The committee postponed ___________ (deliberate) on the controversial policy due to insufficient data.
___________ (overcome) chronic poverty requires long-term investment in education and infrastructure.
The scientist denied ___________ (fabricate) experimental results to support his hypothesis.
She persisted in ___________ (pursue) her PhD despite facing rampant gender discrimination in academia.
It is futile ___________ (argue) with stubborn bureaucrats who resist any form of reform.
The documentary exposes the harsh reality of workers ___________ (exploit) in unregulated factories.
___________ (navigate) the complexities of international trade agreements demands expertise in both law and economics.
The artist is renowned for ___________ (incorporate) traditional folk motifs into contemporary sculptures.
Parents should discourage their children from ___________ (indulge) in excessive social media use.
___________ (fail) twice in the entrance exam, he resolved to seek alternative pathways to higher education.
The company's survival hinges on ___________ (innovate) its product line to meet evolving consumer demands.
It is worthwhile ___________ (preserve) ancient manuscripts before they deteriorate beyond recognition.
The politician's credibility was shattered after ___________ (catch) accepting bribes in a sting operation.
___________ (fail) to meet the deadline could result in the cancellation of the entire project.
The suspect admitted to ___________ (alter) the crime scene to mislead the investigation.
II. 阅读长难句分析
找出下列句子中的动名词,并说明其成分。
(2023 新高考 I 卷)Urban residents are aware of the significance of reducing carbon emissions. They are now practicing riding bicycles instead of driving cars, which contributes to improving air quality. Experts appreciate citizens' participating in such activities and suggest expanding these efforts.
III. 完成句子
简单句改写
用动名词结构改写下列句子,使其更简洁
People reduce carbon emissions. This is very significant for the environment.
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Citizens ride bicycles. They don’t drive cars. This can help make the air better.
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Experts think highly of citizens’ activities. They advise people to do more such things.
参考答案:
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从句改写
将下列含从句的句子改写为含动名词 / 现在分词短语的句子
Urban residents, who know reducing carbon emissions is important, choose to ride bicycles.
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We all agree that practicing riding bicycles instead of driving cars helps improve air quality.
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Experts, who appreciate that citizens take part in environmental activities, suggest we should do more.
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句子翻译
越来越多的城市居民意识到,选择公共交通而非私家车有助于减少碳排放。
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专家们赞赏市民参与环保活动的热情,并建议扩大这些绿色行动的范围。
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坚持骑自行车上下班不仅对健康有益,还能为改善空气质量贡献力量。
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V. 书面表达片段写作
1. 围绕 “体育锻炼” 话题,用至少 3 处动名词结构完成 80 词左右片段
参考词汇和短语:
动名词相关:
doing morning exercises(做早操) practicing yoga(练瑜伽)、
joining in team sports(参加团队运动) keeping a regular schedule(保持规律作息)
stretching before workouts(锻炼前拉伸) jogging in the park(在公园慢跑)、
persisting in these habits(坚持这些习惯)
其他:
physical fitness(身体素质) enhance teamwork(增强团队合作)、
boost confidence(提升自信) relieve stress(缓解压力)、
prevent injuries(预防受伤) improve endurance(提升耐力)、
build resilience(培养韧性)
句式结构
动名词作主语:Doing... boosts...
动词 + 动名词:persisting in...
介词 + 动名词:before...
填空练习
每天做早操能增强身体素质,提高专注力。学习后练瑜伽能缓解压力,让身心都平静下来。参加像篮球这样的团队运动能增强团队合作,因为球员们会协作争取胜利。保持规律的作息能确保精力稳定,有助于完成日常任务。所有这些活动都有助于过上健康、积极的生活。
____________________________ daily boosts physical fitness and sharpens focus. _______ _______ after study relieves stress, calming both body and mind. _____________________ like basketball enhances teamwork, as players cooperate to win. ____________________________ ensures consistent energy, _____________________. All these activities contribute to a healthy, active life.
锻炼前拉伸能预防受伤,让运动更安全。傍晚在公园慢跑能提升耐力,清新的空气还能提神醒脑。坚持这些习惯能培养韧性,让人精力充沛地应对各种挑战。
____________________________ prevents injuries, ____________________________. ____________________________ in the evening improves endurance, with fresh air _______ _____________________. ____________________________ builds resilience, ______________ to tackle challenges with vitality.
2. 写一篇 120 词左右的短文,建议青少年如何保持健康,至少使用 5 处动名词结构。
参考词汇和短语:
动名词相关:
maintaining a balanced diet(保持均衡饮食) doing aerobic exercise(做有氧运动)、
avoiding junk food(避免垃圾食品) ensuring adequate sleep(保证充足睡眠)、
managing stress properly(合理管理压力)
其他:
physical and mental wellbeing(身心健康) immune system(免疫系统)、
concentrate on studies(专注于学习) long-term benefits(长远益处)
句式结构:
动名词作主语:Doing... is essential for...
动词 + 动名词:suggest doing...; focus on doing...
介词 + 动名词:by means of doing...; in addition to doing...
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