Section Ⅱ Lesson 1
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．An unexpected basketball game.
B．A great athlete won’t let anybody down.
C．The shorter a player is，the better he plays.
D．How Paul earned his place on the team by practising hard.
答案 D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
Read the passage carefully and do the following exercises.
1．Why couldn’t Paul play for the team
A．He didn’t practise as hard as his teammates.
B．He didn’t have a desire to play for the team.
C．He was not tall enough as a basketball player.
D．He didn’t have the skills to play for the team.
答案 C
2．What does the phrase “making the team” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Taking part in a game.
B．Making up a new sports team.
C．Being the top player of a team.
D．Becoming the coach of a team.
答案 A
3．Why did the author have to quit the game
A．He wanted Paul to replace him.
B．He got badly injured in the knee.
C．His coach lost confidence in him.
D．Their team had lost too many goals.
答案 B
4．How would the coach feel about the outcome of the competition
A．It was just so-so.
B．It was unexpected.
C．It was discouraging.
D．It was within his expectation.
答案 B
5．Which of the following sayings has the similar meaning to Paul’s story
A．Laughter is the best medicine.
B．Time and tide wait for no man.
C．Chance favors the prepared mind.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案 C
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
Paul and I were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James 1.while Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，who was the 2.shortest(short) player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise harder.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench as a 3.replacement(replace)．Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4.to play(play) for the team.Later，our team played with another team,5.whose record had been perfect this season.
During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6.badly(bad) injured，forcing me to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7.had been waiting(wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8.practising(practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and finally we won 9.by two points，which was totally beyond our coach’s expectations.He was very satisfied，hitting Paul on 10.the shoulder，saying that Paul had earned his place on the team.
1．When we weren’t playing on the court which was next to our building，we were watching a game on TV.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。when引导的时间状语从句中包含一个which引导的定语从句。
汉语翻译：我们不是在大楼附近的球场上打球，就是在看电视上的比赛。
2．Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets，although we actually(actual) agree that they are both champions.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰a guy；although引导的状语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作agree的宾语；champion的意思是“冠军”。
汉语翻译：保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，博格斯为夏洛特黄蜂队效力。事实上，我们认为他们都是冠军。
3．Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall，which made him the shortest(short) player ever in the NBA.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句。
汉语翻译： 博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。
4．He was still usually on the bench，being(be) just a replacement，which was really tough on him.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是主句内容。
汉语翻译：然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这对他来说是真够倒霉的。
5．Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play(play) for the team.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。knew后面为省略引导词that的宾语从句；第一个and连接宾语从句的两个谓语；who引导定语从句，修饰someone；第二个and连接定语从句中的两个谓语。
汉语翻译：每个人都知道保罗有真本事，而且他非常努力，想为球队做贡献。
6．This week，The Lions were playing our main competitors(compete)，The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect.(P30 Part 1 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，从句修饰先行词a team。
汉语翻译：本周，狮子队将与我们的劲敌熊队比赛，熊队在本赛季战绩堪称完美。
7．The team gathered around，looking worried.(P31 Part 2 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是简单句。looking worried为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
汉语翻译：队友们围在我身边，看起来很担心。
8．“I don’t think I can play anymore，coach，” I said quietly(quiet) as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.(P31 Part 2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。直接引语中的I don’t think为否定前移，意为“我认为我不……”；I can play anymore为省略that的宾语从句；as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
汉语翻译：当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上时，我平静地说：“我认为我不能继续上场了，教练。”
9．And clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent practising(practise) alone paid off.(P31 Part 2 Para.10)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导定语从句，先行词是hours；pay off的意思是“得到回报，奏效”。
汉语翻译：显然，他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。
try out for sth争取成为；参加……选拔
try out试验；测试；试用
try on试穿
try one’s best/hardest尽最大努力
try to do sth努力/企图做某事
try doing sth试着做某事
(1)I tried contacting(contact) him last night but didn’t get through.
(2)No matter what happens，we must try to reduce(reduce) the air pollution.
(3)He got a chance to try out the new digital camera while visiting the Great Wall.
[写作佳句]
(4)既然你渴望加入学校的保龄球队，为什么不参加它的选拔呢？
Now that you are eager to join the school bowling team，why not try out for it
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 v．渴望；期望；要求(desirable adj.值得拥有的；值得做的；可取的)
have a desire to do sth渴望做某事
have a desire for sth渴望得到某物
desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire that...(should) do sth要求……做某事
(1)It is not surprising that almost every professional athlete has a desire for medals.
(2)More and more people have a desire to live(live) in the rural area due to the clean air there.
(3)The house has so many desirable(desire) features that he’s made up his mind to buy it.
[写作佳句]
(4)(2022·天津6月，书面表达)如果你渴望用英语自由地与外国人交流，我建议你立即加入我们的英语口语社。
If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely in English，I advise you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
let sb down使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
let out发出(声音)；放走；泄露；使(某人)解脱
let alone更不用说
let sb alone不要管/不打扰某人
let go of放开；释放；放弃(想法或态度)
(1)选词填空
His business failed again，which let his parents down，let alone himself.He is now in deep sorrow，and we’d better let him alone for a while.Once he lets his depression out，he will let go of the failure and keep on going.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之主旨升华)放下你无法改变的事情，专注于你可以改进的事情。
Let go of the things (that) you can’t change，and focus on the things you can improve.
pay off取得成功；奏效；得到回报
pay sth off 付清，偿清
pay sb off 付清工资后解雇；遣散
pay sb back 偿还；报答；报复
pay for 付款；为……付出代价
pay a visit to拜访，访问
(1)选词填空
①Can you lend me some money？And I promise that I’ll pay you back on Friday.
②I saved my pocket money for months to pay for this new bicycle.
③The man in heavy debt earned much money，and all his debt was paid off in cash.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之欢迎信)得知你们将参观我校，我非常高兴。
I am more than pleased to know that you will pay a visit to our school.
(3)当雷鸣般的掌声响起时，我的所有努力终于得到回报——我获得了一等奖。
All my efforts finally paid off when there came thunderous applause—I won first prize.
keep up with跟上，保持同步；赶上
keep away from远离；不接触
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep pace with与……并驾齐驱/保持同步
keep in mind that...记住……
(1)As long as you can keep away from computer games，you won’t be addicted to them.
(2)I tried to keep in touch with my classmates after graduating from senior secondary school.
[写作佳句]
(3)记住，你今天迈出的每一小步都可能在未来带来重大的变化。
Keep in mind that every small step you take today can lead to significant changes in the future.
crowd n．人群v.使……拥挤；塞满；涌上(心头)(crowded adj.拥挤的)
·a crowd of...一群……
crowds of...成群的……
·crowd in on sb (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into one’s mind涌入某人的脑海
·be crowded with挤满……；充满着……
(1)A crowd of enthusiastic fans gathered outside the stadium，cheering for the athletes.
(2)With the Spring Festival approaching，the streets were crowded with excited people.
(3)As the exam approached，anxiety began to crowd in on him，making it difficult for him to sleep at night.
[写作佳句]
(4)童年的回忆涌上心头，让我不禁露出了微笑。
Memories of childhood crowded into my mind，which brought a smile to my face.
动名词短语作主语
Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。句中两个that均引导宾语从句；being shorter than other players为动名词短语作主语。
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动名词(短语)作主语有以下几种情况：
动名词(短语)直接位于句首作主语。
用it作形式主语，把动名词(短语)也就是真正的主语置于句尾作后置主语，主要用于下面的结构中：It is fun/no good/no use/a waste of time/useless＋动名词(短语)。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)毫无疑问，大声朗读对我们学一门外语是非常重要的。
Undoubtedly，reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
(2)和他争论是没用的，因为他已经拿定了主意。
It’s no use arguing with him because he’s made up his mind.
(3)试图说服他是浪费时间，他太固执了，不会改变主意。
It’s a waste of time trying to persuade him；he’s too stubborn to change his mind.
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，完成下面的练习
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share.To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
1．以上加黑的部分为定语从句，修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的这些词叫先行词。
2．引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词，通读以上短文发现有：who，whose，that，whom，which。这些词在从句中可以作主语，如①③⑤⑦；可以作宾语，如④⑥⑧；可以作定语，如②。
定语从句(1)
一、基本概念
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 所指代(即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
1.关系代词who
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.
在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。
He is the athlete who I met yesterday.
他就是我昨天遇见的那个运动员。
总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
2．关系代词whom
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
The girl (who/whom/that) the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.
昨天这位士兵救的女孩是约翰的妹妹。
The man to whom you spoke just now is my captain.
刚才和你说话的男人是我的队长。
总结：(1)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也可用who/that来代替。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后面时，用whom，不用who。
3．关系代词which
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.
我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
总结：关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
4．关系代词that
Yesterday I read an article that/which was about natural disasters.
昨天我读到一篇关于自然灾害的文章。
Do you know the girl that/who is talking with our teacher
你认识正和我们老师说话的那个女孩吗？
The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得一枚金牌。
The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。
He is not the bookworm that he used to be.
他再也不是过去那个书呆子了。
总结：关系代词that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
5．关系代词whose
This is the person whose story surprises everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间门坏了的教室能容纳40个学生。
总结：关系代词whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“限定词＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋限定词＋名词”来代替。
6．关系代词as
As is often the case，she is the first to come to school on such a cold day.
在这么冷的一天，她通常是第一个到学校的。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
总结：as引导定语从句主要用于the same...as...；such...as...和so...as...结构中，多意为“正如”。
[注意事项]
1．宜用that不宜用which的情况 (口诀：very/only/序/最高，人物/不定that好)
(1)当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词或者被all，much，little，no等词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
(2)当先行词被the only，the very等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard.
这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2．宜用which不宜用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
我过去住的房子在大火中变成了一片废墟。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
The traveller saw many buildings along the way，which were quite different from those in his hometown.
这个旅行者沿途看到了许多建筑物，这些建筑物和他家乡的很不一样。
3．宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词或指人的不定代词，如one，ones，anyone时。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
那样做的人一定是疯了。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
(2)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会备受尊重。
4．定语从句的谓语动词的形式
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
放在地上的那个手提箱是她的。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。
总结：(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Jogging is the kind of sport whose benefits are easily seen.
2．I called him the wrong name，for which I should apologize.
3．We’d better forget the persons and things that put us under pressure.
4．At last，the thief took out everything that he had stolen from the apartment.
5．The book is written by his sister who/that is working as an editor.
6．There are about 200 teachers in our school，two-thirds of whom are women.
7．Recently I bought an English dictionary，the price of which was very reasonable.
8．The badminton match which/that you are looking forward to will be held tomorrow.
9．I wish to thank my English teacher Lisa，without whose help I couldn’t have graduated.
10．Our head teacher always reminds us that opportunity only favors those who are prepared.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1．Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.
＝Last week Mary wore the dress (that/which) I gave to her.
2．The girl is from America.Her father is a teacher.
＝The girl whose father is a teacher is from America.
3．The room is mine.Its windows face north.
＝The room whose windows/the windows of which/of which the windows face north is mine.
4．Do you know the man？The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
＝Do you know the man who/that spoke to the headmaster just now
5．The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
＝The woman (that/who/whom) you are looking after is my mother.
6．My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old.
＝My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.
Ⅲ.用定语从句完成下列句子
1．这是我读过的最有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story (that) I’ve ever read.
2．他们正在谈论使我感兴趣的东西。
They are talking about something that interests me.
3．苏珊总是发牢骚，这让我很生气。
Susan always complains about something，which makes me angry.
4．对这项活动感兴趣的人应该提前报名。
Those who are interested in the activity should sign up for it in advance.
5．请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.
训练2 Lesson 1
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Your parents have confidence in your success.Don’t let them down.
2．He is satisfied with his earning(earn) as a teacher in a rural school.
3．Everyone has a desire for success，but they must work hard to get ahead.
4．The report was sharply(sharp) critical of the phenomenon happening on the campus.
5．He is an energetic(energy) and dynamic man who has adapted to the stressful life here.
6．With the New Year approaching，roads are becoming more and more crowded(crowd)．
7．We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.
8．You have always been disappointing me；don’t let me down again.
9．As is often the case，many artists draw inspiration(inspire) from nature.
10．I suggested that you should try to balance(balance) your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．对于那些渴望健康的人来说，定期锻炼会有很大帮助。(desire to do)
For those who desire to be healthy，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.
2．对我来说，在所有的运动中，我更喜欢打羽毛球。(have a preference for)
As for me，among all kinds of sports，I have a preference for playing badminton.
3．打羽毛球不仅能强身健体，还能强化我们的意志。(动名词短语作主语)
Playing badminton not only can build up our body，but also can strengthen our mind.
4．我参加了校羽毛球队的选拔赛并成为其中一员。(try out for)
I tried out for our school badminton team and became one member of it.
5．现在我们正在为一场重要的比赛刻苦训练，我们的付出一定会有回报。(pay off)
We are now practising hard for an important competition and our efforts are sure to pay off.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
For those who desire to be healthy，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.As for me，among all kinds of sports，I have a preference for playing badminton.Playing badminton not only can build up our body，but also can strengthen our mind.So last week I tried out for our school badminton team and became one member of it.We are now practising hard for an important competition and our efforts are sure to pay off.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·山东临沂高一上期中)
8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(铁人三项赛)，so he pulled and pushed his little brother the whole way as he swam，biked and ran in the high heat.“Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，” Noah said.He didn’t surprise his parents，who said the brothers are inseparable.“They’re best friends and they do everything together，” mom Alissa Aldrich said.
Lucas was born with lissencephaly and doctors told Lucas’ parents that the boy would spend his life in a wheelchair，but he’s doing much better than everyone expected，Alissa said.“He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，” she noted.
On July 12，Noah was nervous as the big event began.For the swimming part，he wore a harness(安全带) connected to a raft(充气船) carrying Lucas.He swam 200 meters，then biked for three miles while pulling Lucas in a bike trailer(拖车)，and finally ran one mile while pushing Lucas in the special pushchair.
It was very hot—around 95 degrees.Lucas weighs almost 50 pounds and his bike trailer another 40 pounds，so Noah was pulling almost 100 pounds behind him.But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.“Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，” Noah recalled.
Lucas loved the whole experience.“When we got him out of the water，he had the biggest smile that you could have ever seen，” Alissa said.“Our aim with the whole thing was just to have fun.You can live life without limits.”
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了8岁的Noah Aldrich为了帮助坐在轮椅上的6岁弟弟Lucas参加铁人三项赛，全程拉着推着弟弟完成比赛的故事。
1．What made Noah take part in the triathlon
A．His growing love for sports.
B．Competing with his best friends.
C．His parents’ encouragement.
D．Achieving his brother’s dream.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(铁人三项赛)．..‘Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，’ Noah said.”可知，Noah参加铁人三项赛是为了不让弟弟错过这个机会，即实现他弟弟的梦想。故选D项。
2．What do we know about Lucas from Alissa’s words
A．He is positive about his life.
B．He likes to challenge himself.
C．He shows full respect for his parents.
D．He has got big help from others.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段“Lucas was born with lissencephaly...but he’s doing much better than everyone expected...‘He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，’ she noted.”可知，Lucas出生时患有无脑回畸形，他不会走路，不会说话，但他没有对生活失去希望，他快乐且非常喜欢和人们待在一起，可推知Lucas对自己的生活很乐观。故选A项。
3．What was the biggest challenge facing Noah during the triathlon
A．Choosing the right bike for Lucas.
B．Standing the high heat while riding.
C．Keeping up his strength for the running part.
D．Dealing with his worries at the beginning of the event.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.‘Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，’ Noah recalled.”可知，在铁人三项赛中，Noah面临的最大挑战是为最后的跑步保持体力。故选C项。
4．What can we learn from the story of Noah and Lucas
A．Brotherly love wins all.
B．Good advice is priceless.
C．Kindness is the key to success.
D．Ups and downs make one strong.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了8岁的Noah Aldrich为了帮助坐在轮椅上的6岁弟弟Lucas参加铁人三项赛，全程拉着推着弟弟完成比赛的故事，由此可推知我们能从这个故事中学到兄弟情谊胜过一切。故选A项。
B
(2025·安徽池州高一上期中)
Being able to run 26.2 miles means you’re in good health，right Not exactly.We’ve already identified some of the benefits of long-distance running，but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.
Marathoners(马拉松运动员) who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual—who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner At the age of 52，Jim Fixx，a celebrated runner，died in 1984 of arteriosclerosis(动脉硬化)．In this condition，the arteries’ walls(动脉壁) become thickened，causing less blood to flow through them.In 2007,28-year-old Ryan Shay died while he was competing in the U．S.Olympic marathon trials.His death was caused by an irregular heartbeat.
It’s obvious that running affects the heart，but did you know running can increase the size of the heart Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官)．After that the hearts can lead to irregular heartbeat，which can lead to heart failure.
Some marathoners think their fitness level absolves them from health problems.This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.There are ways to reduce your risk factors.Don’t think you can eat or drink whatever you want because running will burn off the calories—diets rich in fat can lead to heart problems.
In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport，there are other sports injuries to be aware of.Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly.While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.
语篇解读 本文是说明文，介绍了马拉松比赛对身体健康的负面影响：给参与者带来运动伤害甚至导致死亡风险。
5．Why were the examples of Jim Fixx and Ryan Shay given
A．To take pity on their death.
B．To show the possible danger of the marathon.
C．To display the importance of regular exercise.
D．To call on people not to exercise by themselves.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由第一段中“We’ve already...but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.”可知，后文将介绍马拉松的不好的一面。由第二段内容可知，参跑选手的死亡反映出马拉松比赛可能对参赛者的身体有危害。作者举例是为了体现马拉松比赛的潜在危险。故选B。
6．How does the heart manage to provide the increased need of blood
A．By beating faster.
B．By enlarging itself.
C．By beating more heavily.
D．By working with other organs.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官)．(当运动员进行体育训练时，心脏会变得更大，身体通过增大心脏来供应所需要泵到全身的更多的血液)”可知，我们的身体通过使心脏变大来提供更多的血液。故选B。
7．What does the underlined word “absolves” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Permits. B．Bans.
C．Frees. D．Advises.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句句意“一些马拉松运动员认为他们的健康水平使他们……健康问题的困扰”以及后面“This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.”推知，他们认为他们的健康水平能使他们免受健康问题的困扰。画线词与C项“使免于，使不遭受”意义相近。故选C。
8．What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A．Having a rest after injuries.
B．Paying more attention to other injuries.
C．Stopping running completely.
D．Being careful and having fun running.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.(虽然你应该谨慎地进行这项运动，但你也应该享受跑步的乐趣)”可知，作者在最后一段建议谨慎进行跑步这项运动并享受跑步的乐趣。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·浙江9＋1高中联盟高一上期中)
Cycling
Many people enjoy cycling as a hobby.Cycling is an activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and it is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the world. 1 When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.This hobby can make your body do all the exercise to stay fit.
Techniques(技巧)
Techniques for cycling vary greatly depending on the type of cycling involved.Sprint(冲刺) cycling is a lot like sprint running and a lot of the muscles activities are involved. 2 They give a large amount of pressure on the bicycle pedals to get them going at a fast speed.
For distance cycling，the most important is endurance(耐力) and many top-class distance cyclists spend many hours doing endurance leg exercises.
Equipment
3 You don’t need expensive equipment to get started but，there is a minimum amount needed for your health：Helmet(头盔)—Don’t ever ride without one whether it is local law or not.Wearing a helmet can save your life，or at least make the difference between a bad headache and a severe head injury.Gloves—I have a pair of these，and you could consider them important.They absorb shock from the handles，but more importantly，if you crash，your hands are protected.Glasses—To some，these are a must. 4
Safety
Always be safe on the road.Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible. 5
A．It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B．These are a must if you ride after dark.
C．For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D．It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E．They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F．Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G．If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always careful.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。骑自行车是一项所有年龄段的人都可以享受的活动，它是世界上最受欢迎的锻炼形式之一，本文介绍了骑行技巧、装备以及安全事项。
1．答案 A
解析 本文开篇介绍了一项运动——骑自行车，结合空后“When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.”可知，骑自行车是一项每一块肌肉都在动的全身运动，A项“这是一项动用全身的运动”符合语境，It指代上文提到的骑自行车运动，the whole body与下文every one of your muscles 相呼应。故选A。
2．答案 C
解析 本段介绍骑车的技巧。根据空前“Sprint(冲刺) cycling is...”可知，冲刺式骑自行车涉及很多肌肉活动；根据空后“They give...”可知，骑自行车需要在自行车踏板上施加很大的压力，推知骑自行车需要强健的腿部肌肉，C项“为此，一个人需要强壮的腿部肌肉”符合语境，this指上文内容，leg muscles为下文They的指代内容。故选C。
3．答案 F
解析 根据本段标题“Equipment”和本段中“Helmet(头盔)” “Gloves”和“Glasses”可知，本段是关于骑行装备，F项“与许多其他运动形式一样，骑自行车需要一些必需品”引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
4．答案 E
解析 上文“Glasses—To some，these are a must.(眼镜——对某些人来说，这是必需品)”提到骑行装备眼镜，空处应是描述它们的作用，E项“它们可以防止虫子和其他物体击中你的眼睛”符合语境，故选E。
5．答案 G
解析 根据本段标题“Safety”可知，本段介绍骑行安全。结合上文“Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible.”可知，骑行者不要胆大妄为，不要坚持路权，不要破坏交通，要尽可能显眼。G项“如果你知道事故最常见的原因，你就会一直小心”与本段主题一致，总结上文，故选G。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖北武汉高一上期中)
If you’re a tea lover traveling to Beijing，come and visit the Lao She Tea House，one of China’s most famous tea houses.The tea house was named after the famous writer，Lao She.Since it opened in 1988，it 1. (win) praise from both locals and visitors from other places.
As you step inside，the decorations(装饰) 2. (immediate) take you to ancient China.The sense of calm from the traditional lanterns and wooden chairs 3. (be) especially enjoyable.It is a perfect setting to relax and try different kinds of tea，4. famous Chinese green tea to oolong，black，and jasmine(茉莉)．The tea menu is interestingly introduced by knowledgeable tea 5. (host)．They are always happy to suggest a type of tea based on your 6. (prefer)．
In addition to tea，the Lao She Tea House offers unique(独特的) cultural experiences，including performances of traditional Chinese opera，acrobatics，and puppet shows，making it 7.___________must-visit place in Beijing.If you’ re lucky，you may even meet some famous people 8. visit the tea house regularly.
Overall，the Lao She Tea House perfectly combines culture，atmosphere and entertainment(娱乐)．You can spend a relaxing afternoon 9. (explore) some of China’s finest tea there.The authentic(正宗的) experience of Chinese tea culture is sure 10. (impress) you.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了老舍茶馆——中国最著名的茶馆之一，详细描述了茶馆的装饰、氛围、茶品选择以及提供的文化体验。
1．答案 has won
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。win在句中作谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，根据时间状语Since it opened in 1988可知，应用现在完成时态，主语是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has won。
2．答案 immediately
解析 考查副词。提示词修饰动词take，用副词immediately作状语，表示“立刻，马上”。故填immediately。
3．答案 is
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。提示词作谓语，是系动词，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为The sense，是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。
4．答案 from
解析 考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填from。
5．答案 hosts
解析 考查名词复数。可数名词host作介词by的宾语，结合下一句中的They指代tea host可知，设空处应用复数形式。故填hosts。
6．答案 preference
解析 考查名词。提示词作宾语，用名词preference，意为“喜好，偏爱”，为不可数名词。故填preference。
7．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。place是可数名词，此处表示“一个必游的地方”，泛指，且must-visit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
8．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句。“ visit the tea house regularly”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词some famous people，指人，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
9．答案 exploring
解析 考查非谓语动词。spend＋时间/金钱＋(in) doing sth为固定搭配，意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填exploring。
10．答案 to impress
解析 考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth为固定结构，意为“一定会做某事”。故填to impress。(共118张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
SPORTS AND FITNESS
UNIT 2
内容索引
Part 1 课文深度理解
Part 2 长句难句分析
Part 3 语言知识梳理
Part 4 语法项目精讲
训练2
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.An unexpected basketball game.
B.A great athlete won’t let anybody down.
C.The shorter a player is，the better he plays.
D.How Paul earned his place on the team by practising hard.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
basketball
players
replacement
game/competition
chance
his place
Read the passage carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why couldn’t Paul play for the team
A.He didn’t practise as hard as his teammates.
B.He didn’t have a desire to play for the team.
C.He was not tall enough as a basketball player.
D.He didn’t have the skills to play for the team.
√
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
2.What does the phrase “making the team” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Taking part in a game.
B.Making up a new sports team.
C.Being the top player of a team.
D.Becoming the coach of a team.
√
3.Why did the author have to quit the game
A.He wanted Paul to replace him.
B.He got badly injured in the knee.
C.His coach lost confidence in him.
D.Their team had lost too many goals.
√
4.How would the coach feel about the outcome of the competition
A.It was just so-so.
B.It was unexpected.
C.It was discouraging.
D.It was within his expectation.
√
5.Which of the following sayings has the similar meaning to Paul’s story
A.Laughter is the best medicine.
B.Time and tide wait for no man.
C.Chance favors the prepared mind.
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
√
Paul and I were both huge fans of the NBA.My favourite player was LeBron James 1. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，who was the 2. (short) player ever in the NBA.Paul was also shorter than other players so that he knew he had to practise harder.However，our coach had little confidence in him.So Paul was usually on the bench as a 3. (replace).Everyone knew Paul had real skills and he desired 4. (play) for the team.Later，our team played with another team,5. record had been perfect this season.
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
while
shortest
replacement
to play
whose
During the game，a player and I crashed into each other and my knee was 6. (bad) injured，forcing me to give up the game.So Paul got the chance that he 7. (wait) for.Clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent 8. (practise) alone paid off.He made shot after shot and finally we won 9. two points，which was totally beyond our coach’s expectations.He was very satisfied，hitting Paul on 10.______ shoulder，saying that Paul had earned his place on the team.
返 回
badly
had been waiting
practising
by
the
长句难句分析
1.When we weren’t playing on the court which was next our building，we were watching a game on TV.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是 句。when引导的 从句中包含一个which引导的定语从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
我们不是在大楼附近的球场上打球，就是在看电视上的比赛。
to
主从复合
时间状语
2.Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues， guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets，although we (actual) agree that they are both champions.(P30 Part 1 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是 句。who引导 从句，修饰 ；although引导的 从句中包含一个that引导的 从句，作agree的 语；champion的意思是“ ”。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
actually
主从复合
a guy
状语
宾语
冠军
宾
a
保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，博格斯为夏洛特黄蜂队效力。事实上，我们认为他们都是冠军。
定语
3.Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall，which made him the (short) player ever in the NBA.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是 句。which引导 从句，指代整个主句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA历史上最矮的球员。
shortest
主从复合
非限制性定语
4.He was still usually on the bench， (be) just a replacement，which was really tough him.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是 句。which引导 从句，先行词是 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
然而，他仍旧通常“坐板凳”作为替补队员，这对他来说是真够倒霉的。
being
on
主从复合
非限制性定语
主句内容
5.Everyone knew Paul had real skills，and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire (play) for the team.(P30 Part 1 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是 句。knew后面为省略引导词 的宾语从句；第一个and连接宾语从句的两个谓语；who引导 从句，修饰someone；第二个and连接 从句中的两个谓语。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
每个人都知道保罗有真本事，而且他非常努力，想为球队做贡献。
to play
主从复合
that
定语
定语
6.This week，The Lions were playing our main (compete)，The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect.(P30 Part 1 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是 句。whose引导 从句，在从句中作____语，从句修饰先行词 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
competitors
本周，狮子队将与我们的劲敌熊队比赛，熊队在本赛季战绩堪称完美。
主从复合
定语
定
a team
7.The team gathered ，looking worried.(P31 Part 2 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是 句。looking worried为现在分词短语作______
______。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
队友们围在我身边，看起来很担心。
around
简单
伴随
状语
8.“I don’t think I can play anymore，coach，” I said (quiet) as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.(P31 Part 2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是 句。直接引语中的I don’t think为否定前移，意为“ ”；I can play anymore为省略that的 从句；as引导 从句，意为“ ”。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
quietly
主从复合
我认为我不……
宾语
时间状语
当……时候
当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上时，我平静地说：“我认为我不能继续上场了，教练。”
9.And clearly，all the extra hours that he’d spent (practise) alone paid off.(P31 Part 2 Para.10)
结构分析：此句是 句。that引导 从句，先行词是 ；pay off的意思是“ ”。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
显然，他所有独自练习的额外时间都得到了回报。
返 回
practising
主从复合
定语
hours
得到回报，奏效
语言知识梳理
争取成为；参加……选拔
1
try out for sth
try out试验；测试；试用
try on试穿
try one’s best/hardest尽最大努力
try to do sth努力/企图做某事
try doing sth试着做某事
(1)I tried (contact) him last night but didn’t get through.
(2)No matter what happens，we must try (reduce) the air pollution.
(3)He got a chance to try the new digital camera while visiting the Great Wall.
contacting
to reduce
out
(4)既然你渴望加入学校的保龄球队，为什么不参加它的选拔呢？
Now that you are eager to join the school bowling team，______
________________
写作佳句
why
not try out for it
n.渴望；欲望；愿望 v.渴望；期望；要求(desirable adj.值得拥有的；值得做的；可取的)
2
desire
·have a desire to do sth渴望做某事
have a desire for sth渴望得到某物
·desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire that...(should) do sth要求……做某事
(1)It is not surprising that almost every professional athlete has a desire _____ medals.
for
(2)More and more people have a desire (live) in the rural area due to the clean air there.
(3)The house has so many (desire) features that he’s made up his mind to buy it.
to live
desirable
(4)(2022·天津6月，书面表达)如果你渴望用英语自由地与外国人交流，我建议你立即加入我们的英语口语社。
If ，I advise you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
写作佳句
you desire to communicate with foreigners freely in English
使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)
3
let sb down
let out发出(声音)；放走；泄露；使(某人)解脱
let alone更不用说
let sb alone不要管/不打扰某人
let go of放开；释放；放弃(想法或态度)
(1)选词填空
His business failed again，which his parents ，__________ himself.He is now in deep sorrow，and we’d better for a while.Once he his depression ，he will the failure and keep on going.
let
down
let alone
let him alone
lets
out
let go of
(2)(读后续写之主旨升华)放下你无法改变的事情，专注于你可以改进的事情。
________________________________________，and focus on the things you can improve.
写作佳句
Let go of the things (that) you can’t change
取得成功；奏效；得到回报
4
pay off
pay sth off 付清，偿清
pay sb off 付清工资后解雇；遣散
pay sb back 偿还；报答；报复
pay for 付款；为……付出代价
pay a visit to拜访，访问
(1)选词填空
①Can you lend me some money？And I promise that I’ll you _____ on Friday.
②I saved my pocket money for months to this new bicycle.
③The man in heavy debt earned much money，and all his debt was ________ in cash.
pay
back
pay for
paid off
(2)(应用文写作之欢迎信)得知你们将参观我校，我非常高兴。
I am more than pleased to know that _______________________
___________.
(3)当雷鸣般的掌声响起时，我的所有努力终于得到回报——我获得了一等奖。
______________________________ when there came thunderous applause—I won first prize.
写作佳句
you will pay a visit to
our school
All my efforts finally paid off
跟上，保持同步；赶上
5
keep up with
keep away from远离；不接触
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep pace with与……并驾齐驱/保持同步
keep in mind that...记住……
(1)As long as you can keep away computer games，you won’t be addicted to them.
(2)I tried to keep touch with my classmates after graduating from senior secondary school.
from
in
(3)记住，你今天迈出的每一小步都可能在未来带来重大的变化。
__________________ every small step you take today can lead to significant changes in the future.
写作佳句
Keep in mind that
n.人群v.使……拥挤；塞满；涌上(心头)(crowded adj.拥挤的)
6
crowd
·a crowd of...一群……
crowds of...成群的……
·crowd in on sb (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into one’s mind涌入某人的脑海
·be crowded with挤满……；充满着……
(1)A crowd enthusiastic fans gathered outside the stadium，cheering for the athletes.
(2)With the Spring Festival approaching，the streets were crowded _____ excited people.
(3)As the exam approached，anxiety began to crowd in him，making it difficult for him to sleep at night.
of
with
on
(4)童年的回忆涌上心头，让我不禁露出了微笑。
Memories of childhood ，which brought a smile to my face.
写作佳句
crowded into my mind
7
动名词短语作主语
Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.(P30 Part 1 Para.2)
保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。
结构分析：此句是主从复合句。句中两个that均引导宾语从句；being shorter than other players为动名词短语作主语。
动名词(短语)作主语有以下几种情况：
·动名词(短语)直接位于句首作主语。
·用it作形式主语，把动名词(短语)也就是真正的主语置于句尾作后置
主语，主要用于下面的结构中：It is fun/no good/no use/a waste of
time/useless＋动名词(短语)。
(1)毫无疑问，大声朗读对我们学一门外语是非常重要的。
Undoubtedly， is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
(2)和他争论是没用的，因为他已经拿定了主意。
___________________________ because he’s made up his mind.
(3)试图说服他是浪费时间，他太固执了，不会改变主意。
_______________________________________；he’s too stubborn to change his mind.
返 回
reading aloud
It’s no use arguing with him
It’s a waste of time trying to persuade him
语法项目精讲
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，完成下面的练习
A real friend is someone ①who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone ②whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone ③who sees our true self，not just the face ④that we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools ⑤that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.
情境导读
Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends ⑥whom we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values ⑦which matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection ⑧which we share.To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
1.以上加颜色的部分为 从句，修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的这些词叫 。
2.引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词，通读以上短文发现有：____________
____________________。这些词在从句中可以作主语，如 ；可以作宾语，如 ；可以作定语，如 。
定语
先行词
who，whose，
that，whom，which
①③⑤⑦
④⑥⑧
②
定语从句(1)
一、基本概念
语法精讲
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 所指代(即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语、表语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
1.关系代词who
The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.
在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。
He is the athlete who I met yesterday.
他就是我昨天遇见的那个运动员。
总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
2.关系代词whom
The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
The girl (who/whom/that) the soldier rescued yesterday is John’s sister.
昨天这位士兵救的女孩是约翰的妹妹。
The man to whom you spoke just now is my captain.
刚才和你说话的男人是我的队长。
总结：(1)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也可用who/that来代替。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后面时，用whom，不用who。
3.关系代词which
Everywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.
我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
总结：关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
4.关系代词that
Yesterday I read an article that/which was about natural disasters.
昨天我读到一篇关于自然灾害的文章。
Do you know the girl that/who is talking with our teacher
你认识正和我们老师说话的那个女孩吗？
The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得一枚金牌。
The report (that/which) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。
He is not the bookworm that he used to be.
他再也不是过去那个书呆子了。
总结：关系代词that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
5.关系代词whose
This is the person whose story surprises everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间门坏了的教室能容纳40个学生。
总结：关系代词whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“限定词＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋限定词＋名词”来代替。
6.关系代词as
As is often the case，she is the first to come to school on such a cold day.
在这么冷的一天，她通常是第一个到学校的。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
总结：as引导定语从句主要用于the same...as...；such...as...和so...as...结构中，多意为“正如”。
[注意事项]
1.宜用that不宜用which的情况 (口诀：very/only/序/最高，人物/不定that好)
(1)当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词或者被all，much，little，no等词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
(2)当先行词被the only，the very等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard.
这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2.宜用which不宜用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
我过去住的房子在大火中变成了一片废墟。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
The traveller saw many buildings along the way，which were quite different from those in his hometown.
这个旅行者沿途看到了许多建筑物，这些建筑物和他家乡的很不一样。
3.宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词或指人的不定代词，如one，ones，anyone时。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
那样做的人一定是疯了。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
(2)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会备受尊重。
4.定语从句的谓语动词的形式
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
放在地上的那个手提箱是她的。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。
总结：(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Jogging is the kind of sport benefits are easily seen.
2.I called him the wrong name， which I should apologize.
3.We’d better forget the persons and things put us under pressure.
4.At last，the thief took out everything he had stolen from the apartment.
5.The book is written by his sister is working as an editor.
6.There are about 200 teachers in our school，two-thirds of are women.
达标检测
whose
for
that
that
who/that
whom
7.Recently I bought an English dictionary，the price of was very reasonable.
8.The badminton match you are looking forward to will be held tomorrow.
9.I wish to thank my English teacher Lisa，without help I couldn’t have graduated.
10.Our head teacher always reminds us that opportunity only favors those are prepared.
which
which/that
whose
who
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
1.Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.
＝Last week Mary wore the dress .
2.The girl is from America.Her father is a teacher.
＝The girl is from America.
3.The room is mine.Its windows face north.
＝The room ____________________________________________________
____________ is mine.
(that/which) I gave to her
whose father is a teacher
whose windows/the windows of which/of which the windows
face north
4.Do you know the man？The man spoke to the headmaster just now.
＝Do you know the man
5.The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
＝The woman is my mother.
6.My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old.
＝My grandparents live in a house .
who/that spoke to the headmaster just now
(that/who/whom) you are looking after
which/that is more than 100 years old
Ⅲ.用定语从句完成下列句子
1.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story .
2.他们正在谈论使我感兴趣的东西。
They are talking about something .
3.苏珊总是发牢骚，这让我很生气。
Susan always complains about something， .
(that) I’ve ever read
that interests me
which makes me angry
4.对这项活动感兴趣的人应该提前报名。
Those should sign up for it in advance.
5.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
Please pass me the book .
返 回
who are interested in the activity
whose cover/the cover of which is green
训练2
1.Your parents have confidence in your success.Don’t let them .
2.He is satisfied with his (earn) as a teacher in a rural school.
3.Everyone has a desire success，but they must work hard to get ahead.
4.The report was (sharp) critical of the phenomenon happening on the campus.
5.He is an (energy) and dynamic man who has adapted to the stressful life here.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
down
earning
for
sharply
energetic
6.With the New Year approaching，roads are becoming more and more __________(crowd).
7.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs，seven to be exact.
8.You have always been disappointing me；don’t let me again.
9.As is often the case，many artists draw (inspire) from nature.
10.I suggested that you should try (balance) your diet by eating more fruit and less meat.
crowded
of
down
inspiration
to balance
1.对于那些渴望健康的人来说，定期锻炼会有很大帮助。(desire to do)
For those ，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.
2.对我来说，在所有的运动中，我更喜欢打羽毛球。(have a preference for)
As for me，among all kinds of sports，_____________________________
_____________.
3.打羽毛球不仅能强身健体，还能强化我们的意志。(动名词短语作主语)
______________________________________________，but also can strengthen our mind.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
who desire to be healthy
I have a preference for playing
badminton
Playing badminton not only can build up our body
4.我参加了校羽毛球队的选拔赛并成为其中一员。(try out for)
_____________________________________ and became one member of it.
5.现在我们正在为一场重要的比赛刻苦训练，我们的付出一定会有回报。(pay off)
We are now practising hard for an important competition and _________
___________________.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
I tried out for our school badminton team
our efforts
are sure to pay off
参考范文
For those who desire to be healthy，doing exercise regularly can help a lot.As for me，among all kinds of sports，I have a preference for playing badminton.Playing badminton not only can build up our body，but also can strengthen our mind.So last week I tried out for our school badminton team and became one member of it.We are now practising hard for an important competition and our efforts are sure to pay off.
A
(2025·山东临沂高一上期中)
8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(铁人三项赛)，so he pulled and pushed his little brother the whole way as he swam，biked and ran in the high heat.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了8岁的Noah Aldrich为了帮助坐在轮椅上的6岁弟弟Lucas参加铁人三项赛，全程拉着推着弟弟完成比赛的故事。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
“Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，” Noah said.He didn’t surprise his parents，who said the brothers are inseparable.“They’re best friends and they do everything together，” mom Alissa Aldrich said.
Lucas was born with lissencephaly and doctors told Lucas’ parents that the boy would spend his life in a wheelchair，but he’s doing much better than everyone expected，Alissa said.“He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，” she noted.
On July 12，Noah was nervous as the big event began.For the swimming part，he wore a harness(安全带) connected to a raft(充气船) carrying Lucas.He swam 200 meters，then biked for three miles while pulling Lucas in a bike trailer(拖车)，and finally ran one mile while pushing Lucas in the special pushchair.
It was very hot—around 95 degrees.Lucas weighs almost 50 pounds and his bike trailer another 40 pounds，so Noah was pulling almost 100 pounds behind him.But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.“Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，” Noah recalled.
Lucas loved the whole experience.“When we got him out of the water，he had the biggest smile that you could have ever seen，” Alissa said.
“Our aim with the whole thing was just to have fun.You can live life without limits.”
1.What made Noah take part in the triathlon
A.His growing love for sports.
B.Competing with his best friends.
C.His parents’ encouragement.
D.Achieving his brother’s dream.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中“8-year-old Noah Aldrich didn’t want his 6-year-old brother Lucas who is sitting in a wheelchair to miss out on a youth triathlon(铁人三项赛)...‘Lucas has always wanted to compete in a triathlon，and I don’t want to let him down，’ Noah said.”可知，Noah参加铁人三项赛是为了不让弟弟错过这个机会，即实现他弟弟的梦想。故选D项。
解析
2.What do we know about Lucas from Alissa’s words
A.He is positive about his life.
B.He likes to challenge himself.
C.He shows full respect for his parents.
D.He has got big help from others.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段“Lucas was born with lissencephaly...but he’s doing much better than everyone expected...‘He can’t walk，he can’t talk，but he doesn’t lose hope in life.He’s the happiest little boy you can ever imagine and he just loves being around people，’ she noted.”可知，Lucas出生时患有无脑回畸形，他不会走路，不会说话，但他没有对生活失去希望，他快乐且非常喜欢和人们待在一起，可推知Lucas对自己的生活很乐观。故选A项。
解析
3.What was the biggest challenge facing Noah during the triathlon
A.Choosing the right bike for Lucas.
B.Standing the high heat while riding.
C.Keeping up his strength for the running part.
D.Dealing with his worries at the beginning of the event.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But it was another part of the race that he found the most tiring.‘Running，because it’s at the end and you don’t have very much energy，’ Noah recalled.”可知，在铁人三项赛中，Noah面临的最大挑战是为最后的跑步保持体力。故选C项。
解析
4.What can we learn from the story of Noah and Lucas
A.Brotherly love wins all.
B.Good advice is priceless.
C.Kindness is the key to success.
D.Ups and downs make one strong.
√
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了8岁的Noah Aldrich为了帮助坐在轮椅上的6岁弟弟Lucas参加铁人三项赛，全程拉着推着弟弟完成比赛的故事，由此可推知我们能从这个故事中学到兄弟情谊胜过一切。故选A项。
解析
B
(2025·安徽池州高一上期中)
Being able to run 26.2 miles means you’re in good health，right Not exactly.We’ve already identified some of the benefits of long-distance running，but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.
语篇解读 本文是说明文，介绍了马拉松比赛对身体健康的负面影响：给参与者带来运动伤害甚至导致死亡风险。
Marathoners(马拉松运动员) who die in training or on the race course usually make headlines because these tragedies seem so unusual—who could be in better health and less likely to die than a runner At the age of 52，Jim Fixx，a celebrated runner，died in 1984 of arteriosclerosis(动脉硬化).In this condition，the arteries’ walls(动脉壁) become thickened，causing less blood to flow through them.In 2007,28-year-old Ryan Shay died while he was competing in the U.S.Olympic marathon trials.His death was caused by an irregular heartbeat.
It’s obvious that running affects the heart，but did you know running can increase the size of the heart Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官).After that the hearts can lead to irregular heartbeat，which can lead to heart failure.
Some marathoners think their fitness level absolves them from health problems.This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.There are ways to reduce your risk factors.Don’t think you can eat or drink whatever you want because running will burn off the calories—diets rich in fat can lead to heart problems.
In addition to these life-threatening aspects of the sport，there are other sports injuries to be aware of.Most of these are overuse or over-training injuries that can be prevented by resting properly.While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.
5.Why were the examples of Jim Fixx and Ryan Shay given
A.To take pity on their death.
B.To show the possible danger of the marathon.
C.To display the importance of regular exercise.
D.To call on people not to exercise by themselves.
√
推理判断题。由第一段中“We’ve already...but now we’ll see the darker side of the marathon.”可知，后文将介绍马拉松的不好的一面。由第二段内容可知，参跑选手的死亡反映出马拉松比赛可能对参赛者的身体有危害。作者举例是为了体现马拉松比赛的潜在危险。故选B。
解析
6.How does the heart manage to provide the increased need of blood
A.By beating faster.
B.By enlarging itself.
C.By beating more heavily.
D.By working with other organs.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hearts can become bigger when an athlete is doing physical training.The body supplies the increased amount of blood needed to pump through the body by increasing the size of the organ(器官).(当运动员进行体育训练时，心脏会变得更大，身体通过增大心脏来供应所需要泵到全身的更多的血液)”可知，我们的身体通过使心脏变大来提供更多的血液。故选B。
解析
7.What does the underlined word “absolves” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Permits. B.Bans.
C.Frees. D.Advises.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句句意“一些马拉松运动员认为他们的健康水平使他们……健康问题的困扰”以及后面“This simply isn’t the case.Medical examinations can find the risk factors that kill and injure runners.”推知，他们认为他们的健康水平能使他们免受健康问题的困扰。画线词与C项“使免于，使不遭受”意义相近。故选C。
解析
8.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph
A.Having a rest after injuries.
B.Paying more attention to other injuries.
C.Stopping running completely.
D.Being careful and having fun running.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While you should approach the sport with caution，you should also have fun running.(虽然你应该谨慎地进行这项运动，但你也应该享受跑步的乐趣)”可知，作者在最后一段建议谨慎进行跑步这项运动并享受跑步的乐趣。故选D。
解析
Cycling
Many people enjoy cycling as a hobby.Cycling is an activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and it is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the world.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。骑自行车是一项所有年龄段的人都可以享受的活动，它是世界上最受欢迎的锻炼形式之一，本文介绍了骑行技巧、装备以及安全事项。
Ⅳ.七选五
1 When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.This hobby can make your body do all the exercise to stay fit.
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
careful.
√
本文开篇介绍了一项运动——骑自行车，结合空后“When you are cycling，every one of your muscles is doing something.”可知，骑自行车是一项每一块肌肉都在动的全身运动，A项“这是一项动用全身的运动”符合语境，It指代上文提到的骑自行车运动，the whole body与下文every one of your muscles 相呼应。故选A。
解析
Techniques(技巧)
Techniques for cycling vary greatly depending on the type of cycling involved.Sprint(冲刺) cycling is a lot like sprint running and a lot of the muscles activities are involved.
2 They give a large amount of pressure on the bicycle pedals to get them going at a fast speed.
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
careful.
√
本段介绍骑车的技巧。根据空前“Sprint(冲刺) cycling is...”可知，冲刺式骑自行车涉及很多肌肉活动；根据空后“They give...”可知，骑自行车需要在自行车踏板上施加很大的压力，推知骑自行车需要强健的腿部肌肉，C项“为此，一个人需要强壮的腿部肌肉”符合语境，this指上文内容，leg muscles为下文They的指代内容。故选C。
解析
For distance cycling，the most important is endurance(耐力) and many top-class distance cyclists spend many hours doing endurance leg exercises.
Equipment
3 You don’t need expensive equipment to get started but，there is a minimum amount needed for your health：Helmet(头盔)—Don’t ever ride without one whether it is local law or not.
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
careful.
√
根据本段标题“Equipment”和本段中“Helmet(头盔)” “Gloves”和“Glasses”可知，本段是关于骑行装备，F项“与许多其他运动形式一样，骑自行车需要一些必需品”引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
解析
Wearing a helmet can save your life，or at least make the difference between a bad headache and a severe head injury.Gloves—I have a pair of these，and you could consider them important.They absorb shock from the handles，but more importantly，if you crash，your hands are protected.
Glasses—To some，these are a must. 4
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
careful.
√
上文“Glasses—To some，these are a must.(眼镜——对某些人来说，这是必需品)”提到骑行装备眼镜，空处应是描述它们的作用，E项“它们可以防止虫子和其他物体击中你的眼睛”符合语境，故选E。
解析
Safety
Always be safe on the road.Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible. 5
A.It is a sport that uses the whole body.
B.These are a must if you ride after dark.
C.For this，one needs to have strong leg muscles.
D.It is important if you want to transport anything on your bike.
E.They block bugs and other objects from hitting you in the eyes.
F.Cycling，like many other forms of sports，requires some necessary items.
G.If you know the most common causes of accidents，you can be always
careful.
√
根据本段标题“Safety”可知，本段介绍骑行安全。结合上文“Do not be daring，do not insist on the right of way，do not break traffic，and always be as visible as possible.”可知，骑行者不要胆大妄为，不要坚持路权，不要破坏交通，要尽可能显眼。G项“如果你知道事故最常见的原因，你就会一直小心”与本段主题一致，总结上文，故选G。
解析
(2025·湖北武汉高一上期中)
If you’re a tea lover traveling to Beijing，come and visit the Lao She Tea House，one of China’s most famous tea houses.The tea house was named after the famous writer，Lao She.Since it opened in 1988，it 1.________(win) praise from both locals and visitors from other places.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了老舍茶馆——中国最著名的茶馆之一，详细描述了茶馆的装饰、氛围、茶品选择以及提供的文化体验。
Ⅴ.语法填空
has won
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。win在句中作谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，根据时间状语Since it opened in 1988可知，应用现在完成时态，主语是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填has won。
解析
As you step inside，the decorations(装饰) 2. (immediate) take you to ancient China.The sense of calm from the traditional lanterns and wooden chairs 3. (be) especially enjoyable.
2.考查副词。提示词修饰动词take，用副词immediately作状语，表示“立刻，马上”。故填immediately。
3.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。提示词作谓语，是系动词，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为The sense，是单数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。
解析
immediately
is
It is a perfect setting to relax and try different kinds of tea，4.______ famous Chinese green tea to oolong，black，and jasmine(茉莉).The tea menu is interestingly introduced by knowledgeable tea 5. (host).
4.考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填from。
5.考查名词复数。可数名词host作介词by的宾语，结合下一句中的They指代tea host可知，设空处应用复数形式。故填hosts。
解析
from
hosts
They are always happy to suggest a type of tea based on your 6.___________
(prefer).
考查名词。提示词作宾语，用名词preference，意为“喜好，偏爱”，为不可数名词。故填preference。
解析
preference
In addition to tea，the Lao She Tea House offers unique(独特的) cultural experiences，including performances of traditional Chinese opera，acrobatics，and puppet shows，making it 7.____ must-visit place in Beijing.If you’ re lucky，you may even meet some famous people 8.___________ visit the tea house regularly.
a
who/that
7.考查冠词。place是可数名词，此处表示“一个必游的地方”，泛指，且must-visit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
8.考查定语从句。“ visit the tea house regularly”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词some famous people，指人，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
解析
Overall，the Lao She Tea House perfectly combines culture，atmosphere and entertainment(娱乐).You can spend a relaxing afternoon 9. (explore) some of China’s finest tea there.The authentic(正宗的) experience of Chinese tea culture is sure 10. (impress) you.
9.考查非谓语动词。spend＋时间/金钱＋(in) doing sth为固定搭配，意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填exploring。
10.考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth为固定结构，意为“一定会做某事”。故填to impress。
解析
返 回
exploring
to impress
本课结束
