Section Ⅱ Lesson 1
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．The “Moskoe-strom”． B．How to survive on the sea.
C．How to fight against a storm. D．An experience of surviving in a storm.
答案 D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．What does the phrase “All at once” mean in the second paragraph
A．Suddenly. B．Only once.
C．At one time. D．At a time.
答案 A
2．When did the storyteller feel calmer
A．The moment he heard the word “Moskoe-strom”．
B．When they were on the edge of the whirlpool.
C．When they went over the edge of the whirlpool.
D．When they were going in the direction of the whirlpool.
答案 B
3．What happened to the storyteller’s elder brother
A．He was taken away by the boat.
B．He lost his life in the whirlpool.
C．He was rescued by some fishermen.
D．He jumped into the sea and escaped.
答案 B
4．Which of the following can be used to describe the storyteller
A．Generous and kind. B．Ambitious and brave.
C．Courageous and calm. D．Outgoing and honest.
答案 C
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
One day about three years ago，the storyteller and his two brothers 1.were sailing(sail) on the sea when the sky suddenly was covered 2.with/by dark clouds and then a terrible storm came.His younger brother fell into the sea.The moment his elder brother cried out “Moskoe-strom！”，they were pushed towards the edge of the whirlpool.He felt hopeless and sick.When they were on 3.the edge of the whirlpool，he felt 4.calmer(calm) than when they were moving towards it.Suddenly，they went over the edge and saw some trees and barrels in the whirlpool.After a moment，he became curious about the whirlpool itself and made three important 5.observations(observe)．Based on 6.what he found，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him float.Although he tried 7.to make(make) his elder brother understand what he should do，his brother was too 8.frightened(frighten) to understand.Without 9.waiting(wait)，he jumped into the sea and finally he 10.was saved(save) by other fishermen.
1．That was(be) the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.(P30 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰the day，在从句中作时间状语；it作形式主语，to break my body and soul是真正的主语。
汉语翻译：那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
2．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going(go) and got more fish than others.(P30 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰the islands。
汉语翻译：有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。
3．The moment I heard the word I became very frightened(frighten)．(P30 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为复合句。the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as/the minute/the instant/the second。
汉语翻译：一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
4．It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt calmer(calm) than when we were moving towards it.(P31 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为but连接的并列句。在第二个分句中，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool是when引导的时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们处在漩涡边缘的时候，我感觉自己比向它移动时更平静。
5．I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.(P31 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为复合句。两个how引导并列宾语从句，在两个从句中it作形式主语，两个动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
汉语翻译：我开始想，这样死去是多么令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。
6．I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.(P31 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为and连接的并列句。在第二个分句中，where引导定语从句，修饰an area。
汉语翻译：我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个其他渔民居住的地方。
escape v．& n．逃跑；逃离；逃避vt.被遗忘
escape from...从……逃离
escape doing/being done逃避(被)做……
sth escapes sb某事被某人忘记
have a narrow escape九死一生
(1)You won’t escape being punished(punish) if you play tricks on the old man again.
(2)Only with great courage and determination did she manage to escape from the sorrow of failure.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
At last，we had a narrow escape，fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.
survive vi.& vt.幸免于难；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者survival n．幸存；生存)
survive on靠……存活下来/生存
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B多活(……)
(1)Fortunately，these survivors(survive) can survive on the limited resources during the disaster.
(2)If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival(survive).
(3)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years.词义：比……活得长
[写作佳句]
(4)(读后续写之升华句)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的(frightening adj.令人害怕的frighten v．使害怕；使惊吓fright n．害怕)
be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事
be frightened to death 吓得要死
frighten...off/away吓跑……
frighten sb into/out of doing sth 把某人吓得做/不做某事
(1)So frightened(frighten) was she that she couldn’t speak a word.
(2)It is believed that the loud noise of fireworks can frighten the monster away/off.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)当我看到一头可怕的熊张着血盆大口，我害怕得要死，头发都竖起来了。
When I saw a frightening bear opening its bloody mouth，I was frightened to death，with my hair standing on end.
curious adj.好奇的(curiosity n．好奇心curiously adv.好奇地)
be curious to do...极想做……
be curious about...对……好奇
with curiosity好奇地
out of curiosity出于好奇
(1)I am always curious about what the world will be like in the distant future.
(2)Out of curiosity(curious)，the boy peeped into the room through a hole in the door.
(3)“What is your idea？” John asked me with curiosity，his eyes sparkling.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之咨询信)听说你们学校正在举办暑期课程，我很想知道一些相关细节。
Hearing that your school is holding a summer course，I am curious to know some details about it.
equal adj.相等的；相同的n.同等的人；相等物v.与……相等，等于；比得上(equality n．平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地)
be equal to (doing) sth等于/胜任(做)某事
(be) without equal无与伦比
equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
(1)No one can equal him in skiing；that is to say，he is without equal in the sport in my class.
(2)Education is key to achieving equality(equal) and breaking down social barriers.
(3)Equally(equal) important is that your newspaper should tell students how to study.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)我相信我可以胜任这项任务，因为我曾经当过导游。
I am sure I am equal to the task because I once worked as a tour guide.
as if/though仿佛；好像
I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(P31 Para.3)
我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
结构分析：此句为复合句，as if引导方式状语从句。
as if/though可引导方式状语从句或表语从句。从句可用陈述语气，所表示的内容与事实相符。也可用虚拟语气，常有以下3种情况：若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。
(1)班主任对待我们就像她自己的孩子一样。
Our class teacher treats us as if/though we were her own children.
(2)爸爸满意地看着我，好像他已经知道了比赛的结果。
My father looked at me with satisfaction as if he had known the result of the competition.
(3)天空中有越来越多的乌云。看起来好像要下雨了。
There are more and more dark clouds in the sky.It looks as if/though it is going to rain.
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
...the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(P31 Para.4)
……物体越大，下落越快……
结构分析：此句为复合句。含有“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，第一个“the＋比较级”为条件状语从句。
“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。
“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
(1)随着期末考试的临近，我变得越来越焦虑。
With the final examination approaching，I become more and more anxious.
(2)你练习得越多，你的英语口语就会越好。
The more you practice，the better you will speak English.
(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我越读这份报纸，就越是喜欢它。
The more I read the newspaper，the more I like it.
The reason why...is that...
As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(P31 Para.5)
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
结构分析：此句为复合句。why引导定语从句，先行词是the reason；that引导表语从句。
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
This/That is because...这/那是因为……
This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因。
The reason is that...原因是……
(1)我喜欢阅读的原因是，它能丰富我的知识并拓宽我的视野。
The reason why I love reading is that it enriches my knowledge and broadens my horizons.
(2)读经典作品能够丰富我们的日常生活，减轻我们的压力。这就是我们应该多读经典作品的原因。
Reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.This is why we should read more classics.(why)
→We should read more classics.This is because reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure.(because)
阅读以下短文，体会加黑部分，完成下面的练习。
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution may also contribute to sleep problems.Lack of a good sleep undoubtedly does harm to people’s mental and physical health，and it is especially dangerous for teenagers who are still growing，and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
以上加黑的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，分别是：when，where，why，这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词要用when，如：①③；如果先行词是表示地点的名词或抽象的地点名词如situation，stage等时，关系词要用where，如：④；如果先行词是reason，关系词要用why，如：②。
定语从句(2)
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated running.曾有一段时间我讨厌跑步。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college with my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
2．关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[疑难点津] 有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，其后所跟定语从句常用where引导，并在从句中作地点状语。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.
我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t attend his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作时间状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
The talented pianist returned to the city where he grew up.
这位天才钢琴家回到了他成长的那座城市。(where在从句中作地点状语)
The talented pianist returned to the city that/which he visited last year.
这位天才钢琴家回到了他去年去过的那座城市。(that或which在从句中作visited的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
We don’t believe the reason that/which you have given us.
我们不相信你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The picture called up the days that/which we spent together.
2．I have reached a point in my career where I need to decide which way to go.
3．I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.
4．Have you ever been to the university where your daughter is studying
5．Have you visited the amazing palace which/that was built 300 years ago
6．I don’t believe the reason that/which he told me yesterday at all.
7．Obviously，we are now in a situation where we will have to give in to our competitor.
8．I have to admit that we are in a period when dreams have the best chance of coming true.
9．The boss of the company is trying to create an atmosphere where his employees can enjoy their work.
10．After living in Paris for fifty years，the sailor returned to the small village where he grew up.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason why he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2．这是一位著名艺术家多年前住过的房子。
This is the house where a famous artist lived years ago.
3．曾经有一段时间，他们被瞧不起。
There was a time when they were looked down on/upon.
4．我长大的那个城市这些年变化很大。
The city where I grew up has changed a lot over the years.
5．你梦想成真的那一天很快就会到来。
The day will soon come when your dream comes true.
Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的关系词
There was a time 1.when I often visited the town called Keswick，which lies at the heart of Lake District.Each time I would stay in the Derwent Hotel，2.which overlooks the town.Robin and his wife，3.who bought this small hotel three years ago，have already won a good reputation(声誉)．Robin’s excellent cooking is one of the reasons 4.why the hotel is so popular.Peter，5.who once stayed at the hotel，described it as “great”．I believe the town 6.where the great poet Wordsworth once lived will not disappoint you.
训练2 Lesson 1
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．He lives on the edge of poverty，struggling to make ends meet.
2．To some extent，it is your sharp comments that make her so upset.
3．The sailor escaped from the whirlpool and survived the huge waves.
4．Some people were almost frightened(frighten) to death by the horrible movie.
5．As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
6．Having a good command of computer skills，I am confident that I am equal to the job.
7．Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation(observe) and wisdom.
8．The travellers witnessed a lucky survival(survive) of a rabbit from the attack of an eagle.
9．The painting was horribly(horrible) damaged in the flood and could never be restored.
10．His lecture had a huge impact on the students，greatly arousing students’ curiosity(curious) about science.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．这些台阶似乎会延伸到云端。(as if/though)
It seemed as if/though the steps would extend into the clouds.
2．我们爬得越高，呼吸就越困难。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
The higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.
3．我们花了大约两个小时才到达山顶。(It takes/took sb...to do sth)
It took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.
4．我们一到达山顶，就大声欢呼。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.
5．我们如此高兴的原因是我们最终通过巨大努力实现了我们的目标。(the reason why...is/was that...)
The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
Climbing the mountain was a challenge.It seemed as if the steps would extend into the clouds.What’s worse，the higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.However，none of us gave up.Finally，it took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Rogues(疯狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)．These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly unpredictable(不可预测) and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，forming huge walls of water，according to NOAA.However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”．
The system used AI to assess various elements that might lead to rogue waves.The team trained a neural(神经的) network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So Hafner’s team used a different machine learning method that provides an equation when given data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis shows that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we collected 100,000 waves in our data set that can be named as rogue waves by definition(定义)，” Hafner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，Hafner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“疯狗浪”这一极端海洋现象，并详细描述了科学家们如何利用人工智能技术创建了一个预测系统，以预测这些危险波浪的出现，从而保护海上航行的船只。
1．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By using an example.
B．By giving a definition.
C．By drawing a comparison.
D．By making an assumption.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Rogues(疯狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them...”可知，科学家称疯狗浪为“极端风暴浪”，是巨大、意外且危险的波浪，其高度至少是周围其他波浪的两倍。作者通过给出疯狗浪的定义来引入话题。故选B。
2．What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A．Monitor huge sea creatures.
B．Guide ships around in the sea.
C．Prevent rogue waves from occurring.
D．Predict the hitting of rogue waves.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’．”可知，通过使用包括历史记录和全球158个地点的数据在内的700年间的海洋数据，研究人员现在创建了一个预测这些“巨大野兽”的系统。即该系统可以预测“疯狗浪”的袭击。故选D。
3．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A．They are invisible.
B．They depend on too many elements.
C．They make incorrect predictions.
D．They don’t deal with data system.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，AI的方法隐藏在一个黑匣子中，这意味着科学家们无法知道AI是如何工作的。所以AI方法的缺点是它们的工作过程是不可见的。故选A。
4．How does Hafner find the system
A．It requires more field tests.
B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further improvement.
D．It has a promising future.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave...can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.”可推知，Hafner认为该系统有一个光明的未来。故选D。
B
(2025·四川宜宾高一上期末)
Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.The resulting videos have given scientists new information about the sea lions，and also about the sea floor.
Australian sea lions are endangered.Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.Scientists wanted to learn more about how sea lions use different areas of the sea floor to gather food.
But studying the sea floor is difficult.Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.So scientists at the University of Adelaide came up with a different plan—tying cameras to sea lions.The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.
The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.They chose females because they would soon return to land to feed their young pups.That meant the scientists could easily get the cameras back.The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.The team worked with animal experts to make sure the sea lions were treated well.Before long，the sea lions woke up and headed out to sea.
Over the next few days，the eight sea lions traveled 348,560 kilometers underwater，diving as deep as 110 meters below the surface.In all，the animals collected 89 hours of video，letting the researchers see exactly what the animals saw.The results were exciting.The videos showed the sea lions hunting for food and proved that mother sea lions teach their pups how to hunt.
The videos recorded the sea floor in places that had never been seen before.The researchers were able to identify six different types of sea floor environments，such as areas with lots of marine plants，or with bare sand.The videos gave the team a good idea of the kinds of plants and animals living in each of those environments.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家将摄像机绑在海狮身上研究海底难以到达的区域，海狮助力科学家获取海底及自身相关信息。
5．What does the underlined word “endangered” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Rare and valuable. B．In need of training.
C．Common and popular. D．In face of disappearing.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.”可知，在过去40年里，海狮的数量下降了60%以上。由此可知，海狮处于濒危状态。画线词与in face of disappearing“面临消失”意思相近。故选D项。
6．Why were sea lions chosen for studying the sea floor
A．Because underwater robots are less developed.
B．Because sea lions are easy to catch and release.
C．Because sea lions can reach where humans can’t.
D．Because sea lions have a strong sense of direction.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.”以及“The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.”可知，选择海狮研究海底是因为海狮能代替昂贵的机器人到达人类无法到达的地方。故选C项。
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Scientists observed sea lions’ hunting behavior.
B．Scientists prepared the sea lions for the journey.
C．The sea lions were chosen based on their age and sex.
D．Sea lions were carefully monitored during the research.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段中“The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.”以及“The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.”等内容可知，本段主要介绍了科学家选择出健康的海狮，然后让它们进入睡眠状态，并在它们身上安装设备，这些都是为海狮潜入海底之旅做的准备工作。故选B项。
8．What is probably the best title for the passage
A．The Diet of Australian Sea Lions
B．Underwater Journeys of Sea Lions
C．Sea Lions Help to Map Ocean Floor
D．The Importance of Protecting Sea Lions
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章开篇提到“Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.”，接着讲述海狮帮助科学家获取海底信息等内容，所以文章主要讲了海狮帮助绘制海底地图。C选项适合作本文标题。故选C项。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·豫东名校高一上期末)
In the U.S.，7.5 million acres of land are lost to wildfires every year，mostly with human-related causes.Weather can affect these fires，but what people do makes it worse.The main reasons for these fires are burning rubbish，overheated or sparking(冒火花) machines，and campfires. 1 .It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.By taking into account the methods of preventing wildfires，we can keep the big problems under control.
Practicing responsible farming and rubbish disposal(处理)
Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground. 2 .While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal，many people do it，especially in faraway places.These activities are often the cause of wildfires.When ashes are not properly put out or weather conditions are poor，fires grow and spread to nearby ecosystems.
Preventing machinery-related hazards(隐患)
3 .Therefore，it is recommended to avoid using spark-producing tools as they can light dry plants on fire.Additionally，refueling heated engines is dangerous，as it can cause fires.In general，it is a good idea to have fire-extinguishing equipment on hand to prevent the growth of small fires that could be caused by machines.
4
While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.One such example includes making sure that campfires are completely put out.If fireworks are being lit，it is important to take wildfire prevention measures.Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy. 5 .
A．Maintaining a safe environment
B．The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C．Burning rubbish is another related activity
D．These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E．Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F．Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G．Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
1．答案 G
解析 前文讲了引发野火的三个主要的人为原因，结合空后“It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.”可知空格处总结上文，并涉及空后It所指代的内容，即减少起火因素的关键。G选项“只有通过负责任的行为才能预防和控制火灾”回应了上文提到的人类活动对野火的影响，也与下文衔接紧密，其中的responsible behavior就是下文中It指代的内容。故选G。
2．答案 C
解析 根据小标题可知，本段建议负责任地进行农业活动和垃圾处理。空前“Farmers sometimes burn dry plants...”提到了容易引发野火的农业活动，结合空后“While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal...faraway places.”可推断出空格处所说的是一种处理垃圾的方式，为this指代的内容，C选项“焚烧垃圾是另一项相关活动”与上文并列并且引出下文。故选C。
3．答案 F
解析 本段小标题讲的是“防止与机械有关的隐患”，结合空后“Therefore，it is recommended to avoid...”可知，空格处与后文为因果关系，涉及避免使用产生火花的工具的原因，F选项“高温设备和过热的发动机很容易引发野火”引起下文，符合语境。故选F。
4．答案 A
解析 空格处是本段小标题，通过浏览各选项可将答案定位于A项或E项。根据空后“While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.”可知，本段主要讲的是要确保在安全的环境中玩耍，A选项“保持安全的环境”概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题。故选A。
5．答案 D
解析 空前“Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.”是一些防火措施，空格处应该说明这些措施会有什么作用，D选项“这些措施将防止意外的火灾”说明了空前的措施会起到的作用，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·广东深圳高一上期末)
Because of the fast pace of social life，a good sleep is sometimes beyond our reach.Maybe you didn’t get enough sleep last night，but chances are you’re still doing better than the 1. (type) northern elephant seal.Scientists 2. (discover) the massive creatures are often getting less shut-eye than most others in the animal kingdom recently.
For months at a time，they go on long voyages 3. they migrate thousands of miles off the Pacific coast and back again as they hunt for food.While out at sea，they’re 4. (continuous) diving more than 3,000 feet underwater.“So there’s a bit of a puzzle，” explains McKnight.“5.___________ you’re diving all the time，and spending 90% of your time at sea underwater without access 6. air，when do you sleep？”
7． study published on Thursday in the journal Science now offers an answer: Northern elephant seals rely on short power naps during those deep 8. (dive)，which altogether add up to about two hours of sleep per day，says Jessica Kendall-Bar，the study’s lead author and an eco-physiologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.“And they do that while 9.___________(hold) their breath very deep below the ocean surface，” she says.
The new findings mean that northern elephant seals now beat African elephants who currently hold the world record for the 10. (short) daily sleep time among mammals.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家研究发现，北象海豹在深海潜水时靠短暂小睡每天睡觉约两小时，这一发现使其取代非洲象成为哺乳动物中每日睡眠时间最短的动物。
1．答案 typical
解析 考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语northern elephant seal，用type的形容词形式typical，意为“典型的”。故填typical。
2．答案 have discovered
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“recently”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语Scientists是复数，助动词应用have。故填have discovered。
3．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。句意：它们一次要进行几个月的长途跋涉，在太平洋海岸外迁徙数千英里，然后再回来寻找食物。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词voyages，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。
4．答案 continuously
解析 考查副词。空处修饰动词diving，应用continuous的副词形式continuously，意为“持续地”。故填continuously。
5．答案 If
解析 考查条件状语从句。句末的“when do you sleep？”提出疑问，此处表示疑问所基于的假设，空处应用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填If。
6．答案 to
解析 考查介词。access to...是固定搭配，表示“使用……的机会，接近……的权利”。故填to。
7．答案 A
解析 考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一项研究”，应用不定冠词，且study的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填A。
8．答案 dives
解析 考查名词复数。空处作during的宾语，those后可数名词dive“潜水”应用复数形式。故填dives。
9．答案 holding
解析 考查状语从句的省略。此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，所以省略了从句主语they和be动词are，hold和被省略的主语they之间是主动关系，hold应用现在分词形式。故填holding。
10．答案 shortest
解析 考查形容词最高级。根据前面的“hold the world record”以及定冠词the可知，此处应用short的最高级。故填shortest。(共104张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
HUMANS AND NATURE
UNIT 5
内容索引
Part 1 课文深度理解
Part 2 长句难句分析
Part 3 语言知识梳理
Part 4 语法项目精讲
训练2
课文深度理解
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A.The “Moskoe-strom”.
B.How to survive on the sea.
C.How to fight against a storm.
D.An experience of surviving in a storm.
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
was covered with
dark clouds
covered our boat
fell into the sea
cried out
frightened
towards the direction of the whirl-
pool
on the edge of
went over the edge
hopeless
the huge whirlpool
in circles at great speed
a barrel to help me float
understand
too frightened to get it
curious and calm
became less wild
picked me up
tired
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1.What does the phrase “All at once” mean in the second paragraph
A.Suddenly.
B.Only once.
C.At one time.
D.At a time.
√
2.When did the storyteller feel calmer
A.The moment he heard the word “Moskoe-strom”.
B.When they were on the edge of the whirlpool.
C.When they went over the edge of the whirlpool.
D.When they were going in the direction of the whirlpool.
√
3.What happened to the storyteller’s elder brother
A.He was taken away by the boat.
B.He lost his life in the whirlpool.
C.He was rescued by some fishermen.
D.He jumped into the sea and escaped.
√
4.Which of the following can be used to describe the storyteller
A.Generous and kind.
B.Ambitious and brave.
C.Courageous and calm.
D.Outgoing and honest.
√
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
One day about three years ago，the storyteller and his two brothers 1. (sail) on the sea when the sky suddenly was covered 2.________ dark clouds and then a terrible storm came.His younger brother fell into the sea.The moment his elder brother cried out “Moskoe-strom！”，they were pushed towards the edge of the whirlpool.He felt hopeless and sick.When they were on 3. edge of the whirlpool，he felt 4. (calm) than when they were moving towards it.Suddenly，they went over the edge and saw some trees and barrels in the whirlpool.
were sailing
with/by
the
calmer
After a moment，he became curious about the whirlpool itself and made three important 5. (observe).Based on 6. he found，he tied himself to a barrel，which helped him float.Although he tried 7.____
(make) his elder brother understand what he should do，his brother was too 8. (frighten) to understand.Without 9._______ (wait)，he jumped into the sea and finally he 10. (save) by other fishermen.
observations
what
to
make
frightened
waiting
was saved
返 回
长句难句分析
1.That (be) the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.(P30 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为 句。when引导 从句，修饰 ，在从句中作 ；it作 ，to break my body and soul是 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
was
复合
定语
the day
时间状语
形式主语
真正的主语
那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。
2.One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked (go) and got more fish than others.(P30 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为 句。where引导 从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
going
复合
定语
the islands
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。
3.The moment I heard the word I became very (frighten).(P30 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为 句。the moment引导 从句，意为“ ”，相当于 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
frightened
复合
时间状语
一……就……
as soon as/the minute/the instant/the second
一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
4.It may appear strange，but at that moment，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool，I felt (calm) than when we were moving towards it.(P31 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为but连接的 句。在第二个分句中，when we were on the edge of the whirlpool是when引导的 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
calmer
并列
时间状语
看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们处在漩涡边缘的时候，我感觉自己比向它移动时更平静。
5.I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die such a way，and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.(P31 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为 句。两个how引导并列 从句，在两个从句中it作 ，两个动词不定式短语作 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
in
复合
宾语
形式主语
真正的主语
我开始想，这样死去是多么令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。
6.I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me an area where the other fishermen were.(P31 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为and连接的 句。在第二个分句中，where引导____从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to
并列
定语
an area
我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个其他渔民居住的地方。
返 回
语言知识梳理
v.& n.逃跑；逃离；逃避vt.被遗忘
1
escape
·escape from...从……逃离
escape doing/being done逃避(被)做……
sth escapes sb某事被某人忘记
·have a narrow escape九死一生
(1)You won’t escape (punish) if you play tricks on the old man again.
(2)Only with great courage and determination did she manage to escape _____ the sorrow of failure.
being punished
from
写作佳句
(3)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。
At last，we ，fortunately ______________
the hungry polar bear.
had a narrow escape
escaping being
hurt by
vi.& vt.幸免于难；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长(survivor n.幸存者survival n.幸存；生存)
2
survive
survive on靠……存活下来/生存
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B多活(……)
(1)Fortunately，these (survive) can survive the limited resources during the disaster.
(2)If he couldn’t find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of (survive).
(3)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5 years. 词义：_____________
survivors
on
survival
比……活得长
写作佳句
(4)(读后续写之升华句)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。
Life isn’t about ；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
how to survive the storm
adj.受惊的；害怕的(frightening adj.令人害怕的frighten v.使害怕；使惊吓fright n.害怕)
3
frightened
·be frightened of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事
be frightened to death 吓得要死
·frighten...off/away吓跑……
frighten sb into/out of doing sth 把某人吓得做/不做某事
(1)So (frighten) was she that she couldn’t speak a word.
(2)It is believed that the loud noise of fireworks can frighten the monster _________.
frightened
away/off
写作佳句
(3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)当我看到一头可怕的熊张着血盆大口，我害怕得要死，头发都竖起来了。
When I saw opening its bloody mouth，I _____________________，with my hair standing on end.
a frightening bear
was frightened to death
adj.好奇的(curiosity n.好奇心curiously adv.好奇地)
4
curious
·be curious to do...极想做……
be curious about...对……好奇
·with curiosity好奇地
out of curiosity出于好奇
(1)I am always curious what the world will be like in the distant future.
(2)Out of (curious)，the boy peeped into the room through a hole in the door.
(3)“What is your idea？” John asked me curiosity，his eyes sparkling.
about
curiosity
with
写作佳句
(4)(应用文写作之咨询信)听说你们学校正在举办暑期课程，我很想知道一些相关细节。
Hearing that your school is holding a summer course，I ____________________________________.
am curious to know some details about it
adj.相等的；相同的n.同等的人；相等物v.与……相等，等于；比得上(equality n.平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地)
5
equal
·be equal to (doing) sth等于/胜任(做)某事
·(be) without equal无与伦比
·equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
(1)No one can equal him skiing；that is to say，he is equal in the sport in my class.
(2)Education is key to achieving (equal) and breaking down social barriers.
(3) (equal) important is that your newspaper should tell students how to study.
in
without
equality
Equally
写作佳句
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)我相信我可以胜任这项任务，因为我曾经当过导游。
I am sure I because I once worked as a tour guide.
am equal to the task
仿佛；好像
6
as if/though
I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(P31 Para.3)
我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
结构分析：此句为复合句，as if引导方式状语从句。
·as if/though可引导方式状语从句或表语从句。从句可用陈述语气，所表示的内容与事实相符。也可用虚拟语气，常有以下3种情况：若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
·as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。
(1)班主任对待我们就像她自己的孩子一样。
Our class teacher treats us .
(2)爸爸满意地看着我，好像他已经知道了比赛的结果。
My father looked at me with satisfaction ____________________________
.
(3)天空中有越来越多的乌云。看起来好像要下雨了。
There are more and more dark clouds in the sky.It looks ______________
.
as if/though we were her own children
as if he had known the result of
the competition
as if/though it is
going to rain
7
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
...the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(P31 Para.4)
……物体越大，下落越快……
结构分析：此句为复合句。含有“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构，第一个“the＋比较级”为条件状语从句。
·“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。
·“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
·“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
(1)随着期末考试的临近，我变得越来越焦虑。
With the final examination approaching，__________________________
.
(2)你练习得越多，你的英语口语就会越好。
The more you practice， .
(3)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我越读这份报纸，就越是喜欢它。
______________________________________________________________
I become more and more
anxious
the better you will speak English
The more I read the newspaper，the more I like it.
8
The reason why...is that...
As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(P31 Para.5)
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
结构分析：此句为复合句。why引导定语从句，先行词是the reason；that引导表语从句。
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
This/That is because...这/那是因为……
This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因。
The reason is that...原因是……
(1)我喜欢阅读的原因是，它能丰富我的知识并拓宽我的视野。
it enriches my knowledge and broadens my horizons.
(2)读经典作品能够丰富我们的日常生活，减轻我们的压力。这就是我们应该多读经典作品的原因。
Reading classics can enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure. ____________________________________.(why)
→We should read more classics. __________________________________
.(because)
The reason why I love reading is that
This is why we should read more classics
This is because reading classics can
enrich our everyday life and relieve our pressure
返 回
语法项目精讲
情境导读
阅读以下短文，体会加颜色部分，完成下面的练习。
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest？Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution may also contribute to sleep problems. Lack of a good sleep undoubtedly does harm to people’s mental and physical health，and it is especially dangerous for teenagers who are still growing，and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
以上加颜色的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，分别是：________
，这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词要用 ，如： ；如果先行词是表示地点的名词或抽象的地点名词如situation，stage等时，关系词要用 ，如： ；如果先行词是reason，关系词要用 ，如： 。
when，
where，why
when
①③
where
④
why
②
语法总览
语法精讲
定语从句(2)
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated running.
曾有一段时间我讨厌跑步。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college with my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
2.关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
疑难点津
有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，其后所跟定语从句常用where引导，并在从句中作地点状语。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with law.
我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t attend his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作时间状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
The talented pianist returned to the city where he grew up.
这位天才钢琴家回到了他成长的那座城市。(where在从句中作地点状语)
The talented pianist returned to the city that/which he visited last year.
这位天才钢琴家回到了他去年去过的那座城市。(that或which在从句中作visited的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
We don’t believe the reason that/which you have given us.
我们不相信你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The picture called up the days we spent together.
2.I have reached a point in my career I need to decide which way to go.
3.I have come around to explain the reason I was absent from the meeting.
4.Have you ever been to the university your daughter is studying
5.Have you visited the amazing palace was built 300 years ago
6.I don’t believe the reason he told me yesterday at all.
that/which
where
why
where
which/that
that/which
7.Obviously，we are now in a situation we will have to give in to our competitor.
8.I have to admit that we are in a period dreams have the best chance of coming true.
9.The boss of the company is trying to create an atmosphere his employees can enjoy their work.
10.After living in Paris for fifty years，the sailor returned to the small village he grew up.
where
when
where
where
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2.这是一位著名艺术家多年前住过的房子。
This is the house .
3.曾经有一段时间，他们被瞧不起。
There was a time .
4.我长大的那个城市这些年变化很大。
The city has changed a lot over the years.
why he was late for work
where a famous artist lived years ago
when they were looked down on/upon
where I grew up
5.你梦想成真的那一天很快就会到来。
The day will soon come .
when your dream comes true
Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的关系词
There was a time 1. I often visited the town called Keswick，which lies at the heart of Lake District.Each time I would stay in the Derwent Hotel，2. overlooks the town.Robin and his wife，3._____ bought this small hotel three years ago，have already won a good reputation(声誉).Robin’s excellent cooking is one of the reasons 4. the hotel is so popular.Peter，5. once stayed at the hotel，described it as “great”.I believe the town 6. the great poet Wordsworth once lived will not disappoint you.
when
which
who
why
who
where
返 回
训练2
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.He lives the edge of poverty，struggling to make ends meet.
2. some extent，it is your sharp comments that make her so upset.
3.The sailor escaped the whirlpool and survived the huge waves.
4.Some people were almost (frighten) to death by the horrible movie.
5. is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
6.Having a good command of computer skills，I am confident that I am equal the job.
on
To
from
frightened
As
to
7.Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of ___________ (observe) and wisdom.
8.The travellers witnessed a lucky (survive) of a rabbit from the attack of an eagle.
9.The painting was (horrible) damaged in the flood and could never be restored.
10.His lecture had a huge impact on the students，greatly arousing students’ (curious) about science.
observation
survival
horribly
curiosity
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
1.这些台阶似乎会延伸到云端。(as if/though)
______________________________________________________________
2.我们爬得越高，呼吸就越困难。(the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...)
______________________________________________________________
3.我们花了大约两个小时才到达山顶。(It takes/took sb...to do sth)
______________________________________________________________
4.我们一到达山顶，就大声欢呼。(the moment引导时间状语从句)
______________________________________________________________
It seemed as if/though the steps would extend into the clouds.
The higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.
It took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.
The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.
5.我们如此高兴的原因是我们最终通过巨大努力实现了我们的目标。(the reason why...is/was that...)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
参考范文
Climbing the mountain was a challenge.It seemed as if the steps would extend into the clouds.What’s worse，the higher we went，the harder it was for us to breathe.However，none of us gave up.Finally，it took us about two hours to reach the mountain top.The moment we arrived at the top of the mountain，we cheered loudly.The reason why we were so happy was that we finally achieved our goal through great efforts.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
A
Rogues(疯狗浪)，called “extreme storm waves” by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them，according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA).These abnormal waves，which happen every day and all over the world，are highly unpredictable(不可预测) and can destroy ships that meet with them.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“疯狗浪”这一极端海洋现象，并详细描述了科学家们如何利用人工智能技术创建了一个预测系统，以预测这些危险波浪的出现，从而保护海上航行的船只。
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another，forming huge walls of water，according to NOAA. However，why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
The system used AI to assess various elements that might lead to rogue waves.The team trained a neural(神经的) network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.So Hafner’s team used a different machine learning method that provides an equation when given data，rather than just a single prediction，helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis shows that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact，we collected 100,000 waves in our data set that can be named as rogue waves by definition(定义)，” Hafner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave，Hafner added，and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.
1.How does the author introduce the topic
A.By using an example.
B.By giving a definition.
C.By drawing a comparison.
D.By making an assumption.
√
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Rogues(疯狗浪)，called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists，are large，unexpected，and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them...”可知，科学家称疯狗浪为“极端风暴浪”，是巨大、意外且危险的波浪，其高度至少是周围其他波浪的两倍。作者通过给出疯狗浪的定义来引入话题。故选B。
解析
2.What can the system do according to paragraph 2
A.Monitor huge sea creatures.
B.Guide ships around in the sea.
C.Prevent rogue waves from occurring.
D.Predict the hitting of rogue waves.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data in 158 locations around the world，researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’.”可知，通过使用包括历史记录和全球158个地点的数据在内的700年间的海洋数据，研究人员现在创建了一个预测这些“巨大野兽”的系统。即该系统可以预测“疯狗浪”的袭击。故选D。
解析
3.What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods
A.They are invisible.
B.They depend on too many elements.
C.They make incorrect predictions.
D.They don’t deal with data system.
√
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box.This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，AI的方法隐藏在一个黑匣子中，这意味着科学家们无法知道AI是如何工作的。所以AI方法的缺点是它们的工作过程是不可见的。故选A。
解析
4.How does Hafner find the system
A.It requires more field tests.
B.It has been widely used.
C.It needs further improvement.
D.It has a promising future.
√
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave...can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might appear to seek an alternative course.”可推知，Hafner认为该系统有一个光明的未来。故选D。
解析
B
(2025·四川宜宾高一上期末)
Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.The resulting videos have given scientists new information about the sea lions，and also about the sea floor.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家将摄像机绑在海狮身上研究海底难以到达的区域，海狮助力科学家获取海底及自身相关信息。
Australian sea lions are endangered.Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.Scientists wanted to learn more about how sea lions use different areas of the sea floor to gather food.
But studying the sea floor is difficult.Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.So scientists at the University of Adelaide came up with a different plan—tying cameras to sea lions.The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.
The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.They chose females because they would soon return to land to feed their young pups.That meant the scientists could easily get the cameras back.The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.The team worked with animal experts to make sure the sea lions were treated well.Before long，the sea lions woke up and headed out to sea.
Over the next few days，the eight sea lions traveled 348,560 kilometers underwater，diving as deep as 110 meters below the surface. In all，the animals collected 89 hours of video，letting the researchers see exactly what the animals saw.The results were exciting.The videos showed the sea lions hunting for food and proved that mother sea lions teach their pups how to hunt.
The videos recorded the sea floor in places that had never been seen before.The researchers were able to identify six different types of sea floor environments，such as areas with lots of marine plants，or with bare sand.The videos gave the team a good idea of the kinds of plants and animals living in each of those environments.
5.What does the underlined word “endangered” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Rare and valuable. B.In need of training.
C.Common and popular. D.In face of disappearing.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“Their numbers have dropped by over 60% in the last 40 years.”可知，在过去40年里，海狮的数量下降了60%以上。由此可知，海狮处于濒危状态。画线词与in face of disappearing“面临消失”意思相近。故选D项。
解析
6.Why were sea lions chosen for studying the sea floor
A.Because underwater robots are less developed.
B.Because sea lions are easy to catch and release.
C.Because sea lions can reach where humans can’t.
D.Because sea lions have a strong sense of direction.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Underwater robots are expensive，they often move slowly，and they can’t go everywhere.”以及“The sea lions could cover large areas of the ocean floor quickly，and dive deeply to places humans can’t reach.”可知，选择海狮研究海底是因为海狮能代替昂贵的机器人到达人类无法到达的地方。故选C项。
解析
7.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Scientists observed sea lions’ hunting behavior.
B.Scientists prepared the sea lions for the journey.
C.The sea lions were chosen based on their age and sex.
D.Sea lions were carefully monitored during the research.
√
段落大意题。根据第四段中“The researchers used eight healthy females from two different groups of sea lions.”以及“The scientists put the sea lions to sleep and temporarily attached a light-weight camera and GPS tracker to the animals.”等内容可知，本段主要介绍了科学家选择出健康的海狮，然后让它们进入睡眠状态，并在它们身上安装设备，这些都是为海狮潜入海底之旅做的准备工作。故选B项。
解析
8.What is probably the best title for the passage
A.The Diet of Australian Sea Lions
B.Underwater Journeys of Sea Lions
C.Sea Lions Help to Map Ocean Floor
D.The Importance of Protecting Sea Lions
√
标题归纳题。文章开篇提到“Australian scientists have come up with a clever way to study hard-to-reach areas of the sea floor: they tied cameras to sea lions.”，接着讲述海狮帮助科学家获取海底信息等内容，所以文章主要讲了海狮帮助绘制海底地图。C选项适合作本文标题。故选C项。
解析
Ⅳ.七选五
(2025·豫东名校高一上期末)
In the U.S.，7.5 million acres of land are lost to wildfires every year，mostly with human-related causes.Weather can affect these fires，but what people do makes it worse.The main reasons for these fires are burning rubbish，overheated or sparking(冒火花) machines，and campfires.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在美国预防野火发生的关键措施。
1 .It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.By taking into account the methods of preventing wildfires，we can keep the big problems under control.
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
前文讲了引发野火的三个主要的人为原因，结合空后“It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.”可知空格处总结上文，并涉及空后It所指代的内容，即减少起火因素的关键。G选项“只有通过负责任的行为才能预防和控制火灾”回应了上文提到的人类活动对野火的影响，也与下文衔接紧密，其中的responsible behavior就是下文中It指代的内容。故选G。
解析
Practicing responsible farming and rubbish disposal(处理)
Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground. 2 .
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
根据小标题可知，本段建议负责任地进行农业活动和垃圾处理。空前“Farmers sometimes burn dry plants...”提到了容易引发野火的农业活动，结合空后“While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal...faraway places.”可推断出空格处所说的是一种处理垃圾的方式，为this指代的内容，C选项“焚烧垃圾是另一项相关活动”与上文并列并且引出下文。故选C。
解析
While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal，many people do it，especially in faraway places.These activities are often the cause of wildfires.When ashes are not properly put out or weather conditions are poor，fires grow and spread to nearby ecosystems.
Preventing machinery-related hazards(隐患)
3 .
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
本段小标题讲的是“防止与机械有关的隐患”，结合空后“Therefore，it is recommended to avoid...”可知，空格处与后文为因果关系，涉及避免使用产生火花的工具的原因，F选项“高温设备和过热的发动机很容易引发野火”引起下文，符合语境。故选F。
解析
Therefore，it is recommended to avoid using spark-producing tools as they can light dry plants on fire.Additionally，refueling heated engines is dangerous，as it can cause fires.In general，it is a good idea to have fire-extinguishing equipment on hand to prevent the growth of small fires that could be caused by machines.
4
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
空格处是本段小标题，通过浏览各选项可将答案定位于A项或E项。根据空后“While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.”可知，本段主要讲的是要确保在安全的环境中玩耍，A选项“保持安全的环境”概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题。故选A。
解析
While having fun outdoors，ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.One such example includes making sure that campfires are completely put out.If fireworks are being lit，it is important to take wildfire prevention measures.Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.
5 .
A.Maintaining a safe environment
B.The forest is rapidly cleared of people
C.Burning rubbish is another related activity
D.These measures will prevent unexpected fires
E.Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger
F.Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires
G.Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior
√
空前“Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests.Additionally，water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.”是一些防火措施，空格处应该说明这些措施会有什么作用，D选项“这些措施将防止意外的火灾”说明了空前的措施会起到的作用，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2025·广东深圳高一上期末)
Because of the fast pace of social life，a good sleep is sometimes beyond our reach.Maybe you didn’t get enough sleep last night，but chances are you’re still doing better than the 1. (type) northern elephant seal. Scientists 2. (discover) the massive creatures are often getting less shut-eye than most others in the animal kingdom recently.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家研究发现，北象海豹在深海潜水时靠短暂小睡每天睡觉约两小时，这一发现使其取代非洲象成为哺乳动物中每日睡眠时间最短的动物。
typical
have discovered
1.考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语northern elephant seal，用type的形容词形式typical，意为“典型的”。故填typical。
2.考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“recently”可知，时态应用现在完成时，且主语Scientists是复数，助动词应用have。故填have discovered。
解析
For months at a time，they go on long voyages 3. they migrate thousands of miles off the Pacific coast and back again as they hunt for food.
where
考查定语从句。句意：它们一次要进行几个月的长途跋涉，在太平洋海岸外迁徙数千英里，然后再回来寻找食物。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词voyages，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。
解析
While out at sea，they’re 4. (continuous) diving more than 3,000 feet underwater.“So there’s a bit of a puzzle，” explains McKnight.
continuously
考查副词。空处修饰动词diving，应用continuous的副词形式continuously，意为“持续地”。故填continuously。
解析
“5. you’re diving all the time，and spending 90% of your time at sea underwater without access 6. air，when do you sleep？”
If
to
5.考查条件状语从句。句末的“when do you sleep？”提出疑问，此处表示疑问所基于的假设，空处应用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填If。
6.考查介词。access to...是固定搭配，表示“使用……的机会，接近……的权利”。故填to。
解析
7. study published on Thursday in the journal Science now offers an answer：Northern elephant seals rely on short power naps during those deep 8. (dive)，which altogether add up to about two hours of sleep per day，says Jessica Kendall-Bar，the study’s lead author and an eco-physiologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
A
dives
7.考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一项研究”，应用不定冠词，且study的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填A。
8.考查名词复数。空处作during的宾语，those后可数名词dive“潜水”应用复数形式。故填dives。
解析
“And they do that while 9. (hold) their breath very deep below the ocean surface，” she says.
holding
考查状语从句的省略。此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，所以省略了从句主语they和be动词are，hold和被省略的主语they之间是主动关系，hold应用现在分词形式。故填holding。
解析
The new findings mean that northern elephant seals now beat African elephants who currently hold the world record for the 10. (short) daily sleep time among mammals.
shortest
考查形容词最高级。根据前面的“hold the world record”以及定冠词the可知，此处应用short的最高级。故填shortest。
解析
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本课结束
