Section Ⅱ Lesson 1
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．How Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin.
B．Tu Youyou’s being awarded the Nobel Prize.
C．A brief introduction of Tu Youyou and her achievements.
D．The challenges Tu Youyou and her team were faced with during their research.
答案 C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Tu Youyou Basic information Date of birth：30 December,1930 Birthplace：1.Zhejiang Province Education：Studying 2.medicine at Peking University
Scientific work Task and difficulties：Task is to find a 3.cure for malaria. Difficulties are 4.limited resources，not enough staff and poor 5.working conditions. Research： tested more than 6. 240,000 chemicals researched hundreds of traditional recipes tested herself Discovery：7.artemisinin，the world’s most effective drug for fighting malaria
Attitudes Towards the honour：Not interested in 8.fame Towards future research：Feels it’s a 9.recognition and 10.motivation for all scientists in China
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A．How Tu Youyou reacted to her being awarded.
B．Why Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize.
C．Tu Youyou owed her achievements to her team.
D．The comments from the Nobel Prize Committee.
答案 B
2．Why was the research task not easy to finish
A．The staff were not qualified.
B．They didn’t have enough resources.
C．They failed to find a promising chemical.
D．There were no human volunteers to test the medicine.
答案 B
3．What is the significance of Tu Youyou’s team’s research according to the passage
A．Improving people’s awareness of health.
B．Showing promise in fighting against malaria.
C．Obtaining some important materials about malaria.
D．Promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine.
答案 B
4．What can we know from what Tu Youyou said
A．Doing is better than saying.
B．Many hands make light work.
C．There is no royal way to success.
D．Experience is the mother of wisdom.
答案 B
5．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou
A．Generous and hard-working.
B．Selfless and strong-willed.
C．Determined and out-going.
D．Friendly and kind-hearted.
答案 B
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province in 1930.She majored in medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre，and after her graduation，she went on to work at China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Later，she 1.studied(study) Chinese medicine for two and a half years.
Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin in the 1970s,2.which saved millions of lives.Because of her 3.discovery(discover) of artemisinin，she won the Nobel Prize in 2015，and was selected by the BBC as one of the most 4.influential(influence) scientists in the 20th century in 2019.
In 1969，Tu Youyou 5.was given(give) the task of finding a cure for a serious disease—malaria.With no success in the testing of a lot of chemicals before，Tu Youyou turned 6.to Chinese herbs for help.During this process，she ran into countless difficulties.
Tu Youyou 7.eventually(eventual) came across a promising chemical，artemisinin，which needed to be tested on human beings.Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human subject and the rest of her team followed her.The test turned out to be successful，and artemisinin ended up 8.becoming(become) the most effective drug for fighting malaria.
Though Tu Youyou has become world-famous，she is not interested in fame.She remains humble about all the honours she has received and keeps 9.an open mind and inclusive attitude towards her research，as she continues to work 10.to bridge(bridge) the gap between Chinese and Western medicine.
1．She began to talk about the life-saving drug，artemisinin，which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s.(P52 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为复合句。artemisinin是the life-saving drug的同位语，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artemisinin，which在从句中作宾语。
汉语翻译：她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。
2．A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called(call) Hans Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”．(P53 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为复合句。who引导限制性定语从句，修饰scientist；that引导宾语从句；which引导限制性定语从句，修饰new drugs。
汉语翻译：诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现使得新药得以开发，这些药物拯救了数百万人的生命。”
3．When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition(recognize) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”(P53 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为复合句。When thanking...the honour为状语从句的省略，此处省略了she was。
汉语翻译：屠呦呦感谢诺委会授予她如此殊荣，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
4．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional(tradition) practices.(P53 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为复合句。句中from whom为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experts。
汉语翻译：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医学，从中对传统医学有了深刻的了解。
5．In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen to establish(establish) a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions(million) of people every year.(P53 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为复合句。to find a cure for malaria为不定式短语作目的状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a disease，that在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法，疟疾每年导致数百万人死亡。
6．The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited(limit) resources.(P53 Para.4)
结构分析：此句为复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，why在从句中作原因状语；that引导表语从句。
汉语翻译：这不是一项容易的任务，因为团队资源有限。
7．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested(interest) in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally(international) renowned.(P53 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为复合句。even though引导让步状语从句；whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a scientist，whose在从句中作定语。
汉语翻译：尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的科学家。
8．Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery(brave) in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China，her ability to use(use) old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds，saving millions of lives.(P53 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为复合句。to achieve her goals是不定式短语作目的状语；that引导的同位语从句，解释fact的内容；saving millions of lives是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
汉语翻译：屠呦呦在中国科学的困难时期坚持做一名科研人员，用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标，她的事业贯通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命，因此她闻名世界。
award vt.授予；给予n.奖；奖品；奖金
win/receive/get an award for sth因……而得奖
award sth to sb＝award sb sth授予/判给某人某物
award sb (sth) for...因……奖励某人(某物)
(1)He got first award for his remarkable performance in the English speech contest.
(2)The Nobel Prize in Medicine of 2015 was awarded to Tu Youyou for her great contribution to treating malaria.
[写作佳句]
(3)学校因为他的优异学业成绩而授予他奖学金。
The school awarded him a scholarship for his excellent academic performance.
honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt.尊敬；表彰；赞扬(honourable adj.可敬的；值得钦佩的 honoured adj.荣幸的；光荣的)
in honour of＝in one’s honour为纪念……；为向……表示敬意
It’s an honour for sb to do sth.某人很荣幸做某事。
sb feel(s) it an honour to do sth某人感到很荣幸做某事
honour sb for sth因为……表彰某人
be/feel honoured to do sth做某事感到荣幸
(1)Tu Youyou was honoured for her contribution to finding a cure for malaria.
(2)A monument was built in honour of those who contributed to the welfare of mankind.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之演讲稿)我很荣幸能代表学校作一场关于野生动物保护的演讲。
①I am/feel honoured to give a speech about wildlife protection on behalf of my school.
②It’s an honour for me to give a speech about wildlife protection on behalf of my school.(it作形式主语)
③I feel it an honour to give a speech about wildlife protection on behalf of my school.(it作形式宾语)
recognition n．表彰；赞扬 (recognize/recognise v．认出；承认；公认)
beyond recognition认不出来
recognize sb/sth to be/as...公认某人/某物为……
It is widely recognized that...普遍认为……
(1)Years passing by，he has changed beyond recognition(recognize) physically.
(2)(记叙文之人物传记)Mary Curie is recognized as one of the most influential women in the 20th century.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之环境问题)人们普遍认为，气候变化是一个需要全球关注的紧迫问题。
It is widely recognized that climate change is a pressing issue that requires global attention.
limited adj.有限的(limit n．限制；限度vt.限定；限制 limitless adj.无限制的 limitation n．局限性；限制)
limit...to...把……限制在……之内
without limit无限地
(1)As the saying goes，life is limited，while knowledge is limitless.(limit)
(2)The main limitation of our study was the limited access to reliable data sources.(limit)
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之通知)要求你的文章字数不超过800字。
It is required that you should limit your essay to no more than 800 words.
advance n．发展；进步v.前进；提出；进步；促进(advanced adj.高级的；先进的)
in advance提前；预先；事先
(1)Thanks to the advanced(advance) technology，we live a more and more convenient life.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之书信)如果你的计划有任何变化，请提前告诉我。
If there are any changes in your plan，please tell me in advance.
come across偶遇；偶然发现
come out出版；发行；真相大白；开花
come up走近；发生；被提及
come up with提出；想出
come about发生；产生
when it comes to (doing) sth当涉及某事(或做某事)的时候
(1)用come短语的正确形式填空
①When it comes to improving your English reading，I have ②come up with some advice.Firstly，you can read some articles that have recently ③come out.Secondly，don’t turn to a dictionary every time you ④come across a new word.Last but not least，no matter what happens，you should make it a rule to read every day.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之升华句)不论何时我们遇到那些处于困境中的人，我们应该毫不迟疑地伸出援手。
Whenever we come across those in trouble，we should not hesitate to give them a hand.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do
The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.(P52－53 Para.1)
这位女士就是屠呦呦，第一位因其(卓越)工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。
结构分析：此句为简单句，主系表结构，the first Chinese female scientist...作Tu Youyou的同位语；不定式短语to be awarded a．..for her work作后置定语，修饰scientist。
————————————————————————————————————————
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况：
被修饰词前有序数词，the only，the very，the next，the last等词时。
抽象名词time，way，ability，reason，chance，courage，opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。
不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)我不能错过这样一个展示才华的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance to show my talent.
(2)当Jane在寻找东西吃的时候，搜救队正在搜山找她。
As Jane was searching for something to eat，the rescue team was searching the mountain for her.
(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。因此毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am the only student in my class to go abroad for further study，so there is no doubt that I am the best person to be responsible for the job.
阅读以下短文，体会加黑部分，并完成下面的练习。
Our senior high school is a place ①in which there are many trees.Each spring，the headmaster plants trees with us in the garden，②many of which are transported from other cities.There are many buildings in our school，③the tallest of which is the teaching building.The library ④from which we borrow books is quite large.There are 300 teachers，⑤most of whom are strict with us.We have been in this school for 2 years，⑥during which we have learned a great deal of knowledge.
通读上文发现，加黑部分都是定语从句。有的由“介词＋关系代词”引导，如①④⑥；有的由“代词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”引导，如②③⑤。
“介词＋关系代词”和whose引导的定语从句
一、基本构成
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替which或whom。
Do you know the girl to/with whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number.
他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。
二、介词的选用原则
介词的选用可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我度过童年时光的那个乡下的农场。
I still remember the day on which I graduated from college.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
Mr Field graduated in 2009，after which he entered a famous IT company.
菲尔德先生毕业于2009年，之后他进入了一家著名的IT公司。
三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
(1)有些“动词＋介词”构成的短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果将介词提前，那么动词短语将会失去意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the book which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本书吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.
护士们正照看的婴儿都很健康。
(2)关系副词有时可用“介词＋which”来替换。
The reason for which(＝why) he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which(＝where) I was born.
我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
(3)the way后定语从句的关系词。
the way作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用that/in which，也可省略关系词；若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等，则用which/that，作宾语时可省略关系词。
The way (that/in which) he treats his children is very good.
他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn’t work.
你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
四．whose引导的定语从句
当定语从句的主语和先行词构成所属关系时，常常用whose引导定语从句。whose既可以指人，也可以指物。“whose＋n.”可以转换成“of which/whom＋the＋n.”或者“the＋n.＋of which/whom”结构。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation.
狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功取决于合作。
Do you know the boy whose father is being operated on
你认识那个其父亲正在接受手术的男孩吗？
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
＝The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
＝The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
窗户被打破的这栋房子是空的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．My computer without which I can’t surf the Internet broke down yesterday.
2．The building，the roof of which was damaged again in the hurricane，had been repaired.
3．The reason for which she was absent was that she missed the train.
4．The journalist is a reliable man to whom you can turn for help in any condition.
5．The woman whose purse was lost cried anxiously at the station.
6．I wanted to find someone with whom I could freely discuss these topics.
7．Is she the girl from whom you borrowed the dress yesterday evening
8．I will never forget the day on which I was admitted to the key university.
9．Would you be kind enough to help the boy for whom Chinese is really hard to learn
10．The meeting ended at noon，after which we all went out for lunch.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她跟我说话的方式非常粗鲁。
The way (in which/that) she spoke to me was very rude.
2．今年夏天发生了几次洪水，其中大部分都没有造成太大的破坏。(代词＋of＋which)
There were a few floods this summer，most of which didn’t cause much damage.
3．五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是最好的。(代词＋of＋whom)
Your speech is heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agree that it is the best one.
4．历史是我们学校里的每个学生都很感兴趣的学科。(介词＋which)
History is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.
5．你能告诉我你没来参加她的生日聚会的原因吗？(介词＋which)
Can you tell me the reason for which you didn’t come to her birthday party
Ⅲ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成语段
If teenagers are threatened by other students at school，they may experience a tough time 1.during which they may lose confidence and can’t concentrate on their study at school.Some may have trouble finding friends 2.to/with whom they can talk about their problems.Others may think it useless telling it to others.This is the main reason 3.for which school bullying is not known by teachers and parents.Actually，they can turn to parents and teachers,4.with whose help the problem can be solved.The best way 5.in which we can prevent school bullying is to stop it by law and punish those who harm others.
训练2 Lesson 1 [分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．It is apparent that social life is the fountain of the wisdom(wise) of writers.
2．Much to our shock，the famous organisation has very limited(limit) resources.
3．The volunteers attempted to teach the children to learn to communicate effectively(effective)．
4．Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach，the forest was silent.
5．The talented boy has the potential to become(become) a world-class musician.
6．When walking(walk) in the park，I came across my former history teacher.
7．When it comes to the Internet，we have to admit it has both advantages and disadvantages.
8．If you want to have a happy journey，you’d better book your accommodation in advance.
9．Eventually(eventual)，your child will leave home to live her own life as a fully independent adult.
10．With the establishment(establish) of the national park，we are confident that we can succeed in protecting the wildlife.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
(记叙文——对社会有突出贡献的人)
1．袁隆平被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。(be recognized as)
Yuan Longping is recognized as one of the greatest scientists in China.
2．人们之所以钦佩他是因为他帮助中国人摆脱了饥饿。(the reason why...is that...)
The reason why people admire him is that he helped Chinese people to get rid of hunger.
3．心怀全体中国人民，他致力于提高水稻的产量。(have...in mind)
Having all the Chinese people in mind，he committed himself to increasing the production of rice.
4．尽管他是一位在国际上享有盛誉的科学家，但他对名声并不太在意。
Even though he was a scientist who enjoyed an international reputation，he cared little about fame.
5．他的杂交水稻不仅养育着中国人，还养育着其他国家的数十亿人。(not only...but also...)
His hybrid rice feeds not only Chinese people but also billions of people in other countries.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
Yuan Longping is widely recognized as one of the greatest scientists in China.In my opinion，the reason why people admire him is that he helped Chinese people to get rid of hunger.Having all the Chinese people in mind，he committed himself to increasing the production of rice.Even though he was a scientist who enjoyed an international reputation，he cared little about fame.His hybrid rice feeds not only Chinese people but also billions of people in other countries.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·湖北高一上期末)
Wang Guihong，a 23-year-old girl from a farming family in Hubei Province，experienced a few “bumps” at the starting line.At age 3，she lost her right leg in a traffic accident，and later，during high school，suffered from serious hydronephrosis(肾盂积水)．
Despite these challenges，Wang entered Wuhan University of Biotechnology in 2019 to study Business English.She lived her school life with walking sticks，competing for and winning the position of an assistant in her class，impressing others with her positive energy.“She never complains about her challenges or disability，” said a close friend.
The long run of using walking sticks led to scoliosis(脊柱侧凸)，but hope came when a classmate got news about a prosthetic leg(假肢)．Despite the high cost，her family managed to raise the funds.After a period of adaptation and many falls，Wang successfully got used to her prosthetic leg.
The university supported Wang by offering her a sunnier dorm and aiding her in applying for scholarships.Despite her condition，Wang devoted herself to volunteering and taking part in community service，adding up to over 400 hours of service.“I’ve received so much help，and I want to give back，” she said.
Wang was excellent，graduating with high scores and passing the postgraduate entrance exam，although she was first accepted to a junior college course，known as Zhuanke in Chinese.She chose to run after graduate studies in Marxism at Hubei Minzu University.“My experience of volunteering has shown me that this major can help me better serve society and realize my value in the future，” explained Wang.She believed it would help her serve society better.“With all help and company I have，I face the unknown journey ahead without fear，” Wang said，having overcome many difficulties in life.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自湖北省一个农民家庭的23岁女孩王贵红虽然遭遇了许多困难，但她凭借自己的努力和周围人的帮助，在大学里取得了优异的成绩，并积极参与志愿服务，决定继续深造马克思主义专业以便更好地服务社会的故事。
1．What does the underlined word “bumps” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Failures. B．Adventures.
C．Hardships. D．Weaknesses.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At age 3，she lost her right leg in a traffic accident，and later，during high school，suffered from serious hydronephrosis(肾盂积水)．”可知，她3岁时失去了右腿，在高中期间患上了严重的肾盂积水，说明经历了很多艰辛。故画线词意思是“艰辛”。故选C。
2．What can we know about Wang Guihong
A．She was born without her right leg.
B．She got a lot of help from others.
C．She got used to her prosthetic leg easily.
D．She often complained about her disability.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The long run of using walking sticks led to scoliosis(脊柱侧凸)，but hope came when a classmate got news about a prosthetic leg(假肢)．”以及第四段中“The university supported Wang by offering her a sunnier dorm and aiding her in applying for scholarships.”可知，王贵红从同学、学校那里得到了很多帮助。故选B。
3．Which of the following can best describe Wang Guihong
A．Positive and caring.
B．Brave and curious.
C．Responsible and honest.
D．Wise and generous.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“She lived her school life with walking sticks，competing for and winning the position of an assistant in her class，impressing others with her positive energy.”以及第四段中“Despite her condition，Wang devoted herself to volunteering and taking part in community service，adding up to over 400 hours of service.”可知，王贵红充满正能量，且参与志愿服务和社区服务帮助他人。由此推知，她积极、有爱心。故选A。
4．What lesson does the author want to teach
A．Well begun is half done.
B．Where there is a will，there is a way.
C．Failure is the mother of success.
D．Facts speak louder than words.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了王贵红虽然遭遇了许多困难，但凭借自己的努力和周围人的帮助，在大学里取得了优异的成绩，并积极参与志愿服务，决定继续深造马克思主义专业以便更好地服务社会的故事。由此推知，作者想告诉我们：有志者，事竟成。故选B。
B
Hiao Khanh,29，is a member of the Community Malaria(疟疾) Action Team in Chu’ Rcǎm commune，Kr ng pa district，Gia Lai Province，which is known for having the highest number of malaria cases in Vietnam.In 2020，more than 200 cases were reported across the district.
Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019，after he recovered from malaria.“It was a near-death experience，” said Hiao Khanh.“I had a high fever before getting medical support.After that，I was determined to help reduce sickness and deaths from malaria in my community.”
People in this community depend heavily on the forest to earn a living.They go into the forest to work，and sleep there，putting them at high risk of contracting(感染) malaria.When it rains，the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded.Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria.
The team’s main activities are to raise awareness about malaria prevention，provide protective items，and find out people who might have malaria and then transport them to healthcare facilities for testing.
With the right treatment，patients can now be cured in a shorter period of time.However，ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge.Forest workers，for example，often prefer to return to work as soon as their fever breaks.Part of Hiao Khanh’s work is to find and persuade(说服) patients to come back for munication is an important aspect of his team’s work.They actively listen to people’s concerns，respond to their questions，and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course.“Just a ‘thank you’ from the people is enough to give me strength to continue this job to reduce malaria in my homeland，” said Hiao Khanh.
语篇解读 本文是新闻报道。文章报道了一个关于疟疾防治的故事，重点介绍了一位名叫Hiao Khanh的社区疟疾行动团队成员在疟疾预防和控制方面所做的努力。
5．What led Hiao Khanh to take a role in malaria prevention and control
A．His suffering from malaria.
B．A report about malaria cases in Vietnam.
C．His visit to a nearby forest.
D．The deaths from malaria in his community.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019，after he recovered from malaria.”可知，Hiao Khanh患过疟疾，(这次经历)促使他在疟疾预防和控制方面发挥积极作用。故选A项。
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．It often rains in Hiao Khanh’s hometown.
B．Hiao Khanh’s community is accessible only by motorbikes.
C．Natural disasters frequently hit Hiao Khanh’s hometown.
D．Forests are not beneficial to malaria control.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They go into the forest to work，and sleep there，putting them at high risk of contracting(感染) malaria.When it rains，the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded.Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria.”可知，待在森林里使得当地人处于感染疟疾的高风险之中。即森林不利于疟疾的控制。故选D项。
7．Which of the following is part of the work of the Community Malaria Action Team
A．Treating patients with malaria.
B．Educating people about malaria prevention.
C．Relocating villagers to other places.
D．Improving hospitals and healthcare facilities.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，他们的主要活动是提高人们对疟疾预防的认识，提供防护物品，找出可能患有疟疾的人，然后将他们送到医疗机构接受检查，故教育人们预防疟疾是社区疟疾行动小组工作的一部分。故选B项。
8．What is a challenge in Hiao Khanh’s work
A．Curing patients in a short period of time.
B．Persuading the villagers to leave the forests.
C．Talking patients into finishing the full treatment.
D．Responding to patients’ questioning on his ability.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However，ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge...and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course.”可知，确保患者继续接受治疗仍然是一项挑战。即Hiao Khanh工作中的挑战是说服病人完成全部治疗。故选C项。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
How to Be a Good Scientist
Perhaps you’re a young person who loves science and wants to help the world.Or maybe you’ve been doing science for a while and want to improve. 1 They can help you do good things for science and maybe for the world too.
Love for science is key to being a good scientist.When you love what you do，you’ll study and learn with passion.Being passionate about your work makes you better at it. 2 It’s important to feel happy and proud of your work.Doing something you love is the best way to succeed.
To be a good scientist，you need to be open to new ideas and willing to change your mind based on the facts. 3 It’s important to accept the results of your experiments，even if they’re not what you expected.This helps you learn and improve your work.
Practice your writing and reading skills.Create a writing process that works for you，like going into an area with peace and quiet or putting on classical music to help you focus，and stick to it.Try to do a little writing every day，and put your ideas or thoughts down on the page so you get into the habit of recording your ideas. 4
5 Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day.Don’t be shy about your ideas.As a scientist in a competitive field，you need to create your own opportunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further.
A．Take charge of your ideas.
B．Make time for a hobby outside of scientific work.
C．If you enjoy science，you’re already on the right path.
D．A good scientist should be good at explaining scientific ideas.
E．Either way，there are important steps to become a good scientist.
F．Don’t just stick to your own ideas；consider what other scientists have found too.
G．They could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your latest research.
1．答案 E
解析 上文“Perhaps you’re a young person...Or maybe you’ve been doing science...”可知，上文描述两种不同背景但都有成为优秀科学家愿望的人。E选项“无论哪种情况，成为一个好的科学家都有一些重要的步骤”承接上文。下文“They can help you do good things for science and maybe for the world too.”中的They指代E选项中的steps。E项能够承上启下。故选E项。
2．答案 C
解析 根据上文“When you love what you do，you’ll study and learn with passion.Being passionate about your work makes you better at it.”可知，选项承接上文继续说明热爱让你的选择更正确。C选项“如果你喜欢科学，你已经在正确的道路上了”符合语境。passionate呼应enjoy。故选C项。
3．答案 F
解析 上文“To be a good scientist，you need to be open to new ideas and willing to change your mind based on the facts.”强调科学家要接受新思想并根据事实调整观点，F选项“不要只坚持自己的想法；也要考虑其他科学家的发现”回应前文对新思想的开放态度，强调了接受其他科学家发现的重要性。下文体现选项F所强调的开放性和接纳新思想的态度。故选F项。
4．答案 G
解析 根据上文“Try to do a little writing every day，and put your ideas or thoughts down on the page so you get into the habit of recording your ideas.”可知，选项承接上文说明这么做的作用是什么。选项G“它们将来可能会发表在论文中，或者在你相关研究的讲座中被提及”符合语境。选项中的They指代上文中的ideas。故选G项。
5．答案 A
解析 根据下文内容“每天挑战自己想出一个与你项目相关的想法。不要对自己的创意心怀顾忌。作为竞争激烈领域中的科学家，你需要通过拥有自己的想法并努力进一步发展它们来创造自己的机会”可知，本段主要讲要掌控自己的想法。故选A项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
During the peak holiday travel period beginning in spring，tourists booked all 16 rooms of the village home run by Paden Chodron，a 39-year-old member of the Tibetan ethnic group.
“The tourists are mostly young people，many of 1. are part of tour groups.They want to know about our 2. (tradition) lifestyle，like planting highland barley(青稞) and harvesting mushrooms.We also learn about their homes and their life，” Paden says.
He and his wife Baima Quzhen made their dream of starting a family hotel a 3. (real) ten years ago.4. (locate) in Zhaxigang village in Lulang town in Nyingchi，Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region，the couple’s hotel is now one of more than 50 households in the village getting good returns from improved highways and the nearby airport.The roads and communications have improved greatly,5. (help) them open up to the outside world.More and more tourists are drawn to the beautiful environment and ethnic attractions of the area.Paden says his family enjoys 6. annual income(收入) of 100,000 yuan，tourism and farming included.
The Zhaxigang village successfully uses its ethnic heritage，natural attractions and connectivity 7. (develop) the important industries of tourism and animal feeding.Last year it 8. (give) several national-level honors.
As is reflected by residents like Paden，so far our Chinese government’s powerful and effective measures 9. (enable) local communities to be in line 10. the country’s increasing focus on shared and inclusive growth.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西藏自治区扎西岗村利用自身资源发展旅游业和畜牧业，帮助村民实现经济增收和个人梦想。
1．答案 whom
解析 考查定语从句。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是young people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
2．答案 traditional
解析 考查形容词。本空用形容词traditional“传统的”，修饰名词lifestyle，作定语。故填traditional。
3．答案 reality
解析 考查名词。本空用名词reality“现实”，作宾语their dream of starting a family hotel的补足语，构成make sth a reality结构，意为“使……成为现实”。故填reality。
4．答案 Located
解析 考查非谓语动词。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且hotel与locate“把……安置在(或建造于)”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Located。
5．答案 helping
解析 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为have improved，此处为非谓语动词，本空用现在分词helping“帮助”，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填helping。
6．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个每年10万元的收入”，且annual的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
7．答案 to develop
解析 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为uses，此处为非谓语动词，本空用develop“发展”的不定式，作目的状语，说明利用这些资源的目的是发展产业。故填to develop。
8．答案 was given
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据Last year可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语it(指代Zhaxigang village)与give“给”为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was given。
9．答案 have enabled
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据so far可知，enable“使能够”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语是measures，所以助动词用have。故填have enabled。
10．答案 with
解析 考查介词。本空用with，构成短语be in line with，意为“与……保持一致”。故填with。(共106张PPT)
Section Ⅱ
Lesson 1
THE ADMIRABLE
UNIT 6
内容索引
Part 1 课文深度理解
Part 2 长句难句分析
Part 3 语言知识梳理
Part 4 语法项目精讲
训练2
课文深度理解
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A.How Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin.
B.Tu Youyou’s being awarded the Nobel Prize.
C.A brief introduction of Tu Youyou and her achievements.
D.The challenges Tu Youyou and her team were faced with during their
research.
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Tu Youyou Basic information Date of birth：30 December,1930
Birthplace：1.__________________
Education：Studying 2. at Peking University
Zhejiang Province
medicine
Tu Youyou Scientific work Task and difficulties：Task is to find a 3. for malaria.
Difficulties are 4. resources，not enough staff and poor 5. .
Research：
tested more than 6. chemicals
researched hundreds of traditional recipes
tested herself
Discovery：7. ，the world’s most effective drug for fighting malaria
cure
limited
working conditions
240,000
artemisinin
Tu Youyou Attitudes Towards the honour：Not interested in 8.______
Towards future research：Feels it’s a 9.____________
and 10. for all scientists in China
fame
recognition
motivation
1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A.How Tu Youyou reacted to her being awarded.
B.Why Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize.
C.Tu Youyou owed her achievements to her team.
D.The comments from the Nobel Prize Committee.
√
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
2.Why was the research task not easy to finish
A.The staff were not qualified.
B.They didn’t have enough resources.
C.They failed to find a promising chemical.
D.There were no human volunteers to test the medicine.
√
3.What is the significance of Tu Youyou’s team’s research according to the passage
A.Improving people’s awareness of health.
B.Showing promise in fighting against malaria.
C.Obtaining some important materials about malaria.
D.Promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine.
√
4.What can we know from what Tu Youyou said
A.Doing is better than saying.
B.Many hands make light work.
C.There is no royal way to success.
D.Experience is the mother of wisdom.
√
5.Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou
A.Generous and hard-working.
B.Selfless and strong-willed.
C.Determined and out-going.
D.Friendly and kind-hearted.
√
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province in 1930.She majored in medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre，and after her graduation，she went on to work at China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Later，she 1. (study) Chinese medicine for two and a half years.
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
studied
Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin in the 1970s,2._____
saved millions of lives.Because of her 3. (discover) of artemisinin，she won the Nobel Prize in 2015，and was selected by the BBC as one of the most 4. (influence) scientists in the 20th century in 2019.
In 1969，Tu Youyou 5. (give) the task of finding a cure for a serious disease—malaria.With no success in the testing of a lot of chemicals before，Tu Youyou turned 6. Chinese herbs for help.During this process，she ran into countless difficulties.
which
discovery
influential
was given
to
Tu Youyou 7. (eventual) came across a promising chemical，artemisinin，which needed to be tested on human beings.Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human subject and the rest of her team followed her.The test turned out to be successful，and artemisinin ended up 8. (become) the most effective drug for fighting malaria.
Though Tu Youyou has become world-famous，she is not interested in fame.She remains humble about all the honours she has received and keeps 9. open mind and inclusive attitude towards her research，as she continues to work 10. (bridge) the gap between Chinese and Western medicine.
eventually
返 回
becoming
an
to bridge
长句难句分析
她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。
1.She began to talk about the life-saving drug，artemisinin，which she had discovered the help of her team in the 1970s.(P52 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为 句。artemisinin是the life-saving drug的 ，which引导 从句，修饰先行词artemisinin，which在从句中作 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
with
复合
同位语
非限制性定语
宾语
2.A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee (call) Hans Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”.(P53 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为 句。who引导 从句，修饰 ；that引导 从句；which引导 从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
called
to
复合
限制性定语
scientist
宾语
限制性定语
new drugs
诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现使得新药得以开发，这些药物拯救了数百万人的生命。”
3.When thanking the Committee the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also (recognize) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”(P53 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为 句。When thanking...the honour为 从句的省略，此处省略了 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
for
recognition
复合
状语
she was
屠呦呦感谢诺委会授予她如此殊荣，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
4.Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years _______
experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about
(tradition) practices.(P53 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为 句。句中from whom为“介词＋关系代词”引导的
从句，修饰先行词 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
with
traditional
复合
定语
experts
后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医学，从中对传统医学有了深刻的了解。
5.In 1969，Tu Youyou was chosen (establish) a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed (million) of people every year.(P53 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为 句。to find a cure for malaria为不定式短语作
；that引导 从句，修饰先行词 ，that在从句中作 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
to establish
millions
复合
目的状语
定语
a disease
主语
1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法，疟疾每年导致数百万人死亡。
6.The reason why this was difficult was that the team had (limit) resources.(P53 Para.4)
结构分析：此句为 句。why引导 从句，修饰先行词 ，why在从句中作 ；that引导 从句。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
limited
复合
定语
reason
原因状语
表语
这不是一项容易的任务，因为团队资源有限。
7.Even though Tu Youyou is not (interest) in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is (international) renowned.
(P53 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为 句。even though引导 从句；whose 引导
从句，修饰先行词 ，whose在从句中作 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
interested
internationally
复合
让步状语
定语
a scientist
定语
尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一名国际知名的科学家。
8.Tu Youyou was noted for her (brave) in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China，her ability (use) old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds，saving millions of lives.(P53 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为 句。to achieve her goals是不定式短语作 ；that引导的 从句，解释fact的内容；saving millions of lives是现在分词短语作 。
汉语翻译：____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
bravery
to use
复合
目的状语
同位语
伴随状语
屠呦呦在中国科学的困难时期坚持做一名科研人员，用古老的智慧和全新的方法实现目标，她的事业贯通了东西方世界，拯救了数百万人的生命，因此她闻名世界。
返 回
语言知识梳理
vt.授予；给予n.奖；奖品；奖金
1
award
win/receive/get an award for sth因……而得奖
award sth to sb＝award sb sth授予/判给某人某物
award sb (sth) for...因……奖励某人(某物)
(1)He got first award his remarkable performance in the English speech contest.
(2)The Nobel Prize in Medicine of 2015 was awarded Tu Youyou for her great contribution to treating malaria.
for
to
(3)学校因为他的优异学业成绩而授予他奖学金。
The school his excellent academic performance.
awarded him a scholarship for
写作佳句
n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 vt.尊敬；表彰；赞扬(honourable adj.可敬的；值得钦佩的 honoured adj.荣幸的；光荣的)
2
honour
in honour of＝in one’s honour为纪念……；为向……表示敬意
It’s an honour for sb to do sth.某人很荣幸做某事。
sb feel(s) it an honour to do sth某人感到很荣幸做某事
honour sb for sth因为……表彰某人
be/feel honoured to do sth做某事感到荣幸
(1)Tu Youyou was honoured her contribution to finding a cure for malaria.
(2)A monument was built honour of those who contributed to the welfare of mankind.
for
in
(3)(应用文写作之演讲稿)我很荣幸能代表学校作一场关于野生动物保护的演讲。
① to give a speech about wildlife protection on behalf of my school.
② to give a speech about wildlife protection on behalf of my school.(it作形式主语)
③ to give a speech about wildlife protection on behalf of my school.(it作形式宾语)
写作佳句
I am/feel honoured
It’s an honour for me
I feel it an honour
n.表彰；赞扬 (recognize/recognise v.认出；承认；公认)
3
recognition
beyond recognition认不出来
recognize sb/sth to be/as...公认某人/某物为……
It is widely recognized that...普遍认为……
(1)Years passing by，he has changed beyond (recognize) physically.
(2)(记叙文之人物传记)Mary Curie is recognized one of the most influential women in the 20th century.
recognition
as
(3)(话题写作之环境问题)人们普遍认为，气候变化是一个需要全球关注的紧迫问题。
climate change is a pressing issue that requires global attention.
写作佳句
It is widely recognized that
adj.有限的(limit n.限制；限度vt.限定；限制 limitless adj.无限制的 limitation n.局限性；限制)
4
limited
limit...to...把……限制在……之内
without limit无限地
(1)As the saying goes，life is ，while knowledge is .(limit)
(2)The main of our study was the access to reliable data sources.(limit)
limited
limitless
limitation
limited
(3)(应用文写作之通知)要求你的文章字数不超过800字。
It is required that _______________________________________
.
写作佳句
you should limit your essay to no more than
800 words
n.发展；进步v.前进；提出；进步；促进(advanced adj.高级的；先进的)
5
advance
in advance提前；预先；事先
(1)Thanks to the (advance) technology，we live a more and more convenient life.
advanced
(2)(应用文写作之书信)如果你的计划有任何变化，请提前告诉我。
If there are any changes in your plan， .
写作佳句
please tell me in advance
偶遇；偶然发现
6
come across
come out出版；发行；真相大白；开花
come up走近；发生；被提及
come up with提出；想出
come about发生；产生
when it comes to (doing) sth当涉及某事(或做某事)的时候
(1)用come短语的正确形式填空
① improving your English reading，I have ② some advice.Firstly，you can read some articles that have recently ③ .Secondly，don’t turn to a dictionary every time you ④ a new word.Last but not least，no matter what happens，you should make it a rule to read every day.
When it comes to
come up with
come out
come across
(2)(读后续写之升华句)不论何时我们遇到那些处于困境中的人，我们应该毫不迟疑地伸出援手。
Whenever we ，we should not hesitate to give them a hand.
写作佳句
come across those in trouble
7
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do
The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.(P52－53 Para.1)
这位女士就是屠呦呦，第一位因其(卓越)工作而获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。
结构分析：此句为简单句，主系表结构，the first Chinese female scientist...作Tu Youyou的同位语；不定式短语to be awarded a...for her work作后置定语，修饰scientist。
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况：
被修饰词前有序数词，the only，the very，the next，the last等词时。
抽象名词time，way，ability，reason，chance，courage，opportunity
等后常用不定式作定语。
不定代词something, nothing, little等后常用不定式作定语。
(1)我不能错过这样一个展示才华的宝贵机会。
I can’t afford to miss such a precious chance .
(2)当Jane在寻找东西吃的时候，搜救队正在搜山找她。
As ，the rescue team was searching the mountain for her.
(3)我能说一口流利的英语，而且我是班上唯一一个出国深造的学生。因此毫无疑问我是负责这项工作的最佳人选。
I can speak fluent English and I am ____________________________________
for further study，so there is no doubt that I am _____________________
.
to show my talent
返 回
Jane was searching for something to eat
the only student in my class to go abroad
the best person to be
responsible for the job
语法项目精讲
阅读以下短文，体会加颜色部分，并完成下面的练习。
Our senior high school is a place ①in which there are many trees.Each spring，the headmaster plants trees with us in the garden，②many of which are transported from other cities.There are many buildings in our school，③the tallest of which is the teaching building.The library ④from which we borrow books is quite large.There are 300 teachers，⑤most of whom are strict with us.We have been in this school for 2 years，⑥during which we have learned a great deal of knowledge.
情境导读
通读上文发现，加颜色部分都是 从句。有的由“介词＋关系代词”引导，如 ；有的由“代词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”引导，如 。
定语
①④⑥
②③⑤
“介词＋关系代词”和whose引导的定语从句
一、基本构成
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替which或whom。
Do you know the girl to/with whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number.
他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。
语法精讲
二、介词的选用原则
介词的选用可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我度过童年时光的那个乡下的农场。
I still remember the day on which I graduated from college.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.
这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
Mr Field graduated in 2009，after which he entered a famous IT company.
菲尔德先生毕业于2009年，之后他进入了一家著名的IT公司。
三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
(1)有些“动词＋介词”构成的短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果将介词提前，那么动词短语将会失去意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the book which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本书吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.
护士们正照看的婴儿都很健康。
(2)关系副词有时可用“介词＋which”来替换。
The reason for which(＝why) he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which(＝where) I was born.
我出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
(3)the way后定语从句的关系词。
the way作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用that/in which，也可省略关系词；若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等，则用which/that，作宾语时可省略关系词。
The way (that/in which) he treats his children is very good.
他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn’t work.
你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
四.whose引导的定语从句
当定语从句的主语和先行词构成所属关系时，常常用whose引导定语从句。whose既可以指人，也可以指物。“whose＋n.”可以转换成“of which/whom＋the＋n.”或者“the＋n.＋of which/whom”结构。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation.
狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功取决于合作。
Do you know the boy whose father is being operated on
你认识那个其父亲正在接受手术的男孩吗？
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
＝The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
＝The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
窗户被打破的这栋房子是空的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.My computer without I can’t surf the Internet broke down yesterday.
2.The building，the roof which was damaged again in the hurricane，had been repaired.
3.The reason which she was absent was that she missed the train.
4.The journalist is a reliable man whom you can turn for help in any condition.
达标检测
which
of
for
to
5.The woman purse was lost cried anxiously at the station.
6.I wanted to find someone whom I could freely discuss these topics.
7.Is she the girl whom you borrowed the dress yesterday evening
8.I will never forget the day which I was admitted to the key university.
9.Would you be kind enough to help the boy whom Chinese is really hard to learn
10.The meeting ended at noon， which we all went out for lunch.
whose
with
from
on
for
after
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.她跟我说话的方式非常粗鲁。
The way was very rude.
2.今年夏天发生了几次洪水，其中大部分都没有造成太大的破坏。(代词＋of＋which)
There were a few floods this summer，_____________________________
.
(in which/that) she spoke to me
most of which didn’t cause much
damage
3.五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是最好的。(代词＋of＋whom)
Your speech is heard by a group of five judges，_____________________
.
4.历史是我们学校里的每个学生都很感兴趣的学科。(介词＋which)
History is the subject .
5.你能告诉我你没来参加她的生日聚会的原因吗？(介词＋which)
Can you tell me the reason _______________________________________
all of whom agree that it
is the best one
in which every student in our school is interested
for which you didn’t come to her birthday
party
Ⅲ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成语段
If teenagers are threatened by other students at school，they may experience a tough time 1. they may lose confidence and can’t concentrate on their study at school.Some may have trouble finding friends 2. they can talk about their problems.Others may think it useless telling it to others.This is the main reason 3.____________
school bullying is not known by teachers and parents.Actually，they can turn to parents and teachers,4. help the problem can be solved.
The best way 5. we can prevent school bullying is to stop it by law and punish those who harm others.
during which
返 回
to/with whom
for which
with whose
in which
训练2
1.It is apparent that social life is the fountain of the (wise) of writers.
2.Much to our shock，the famous organisation has very (limit) resources.
3.The volunteers attempted to teach the children to learn to communicate
(effective).
4.Apart an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach，the forest was silent.
5.The talented boy has the potential (become) a world-class musician.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
wisdom
limited
effectively
from
to become
6.When (walk) in the park，I came across my former history teacher.
7.When it comes the Internet，we have to admit it has both advantages and disadvantages.
8.If you want to have a happy journey，you’d better book your accommodation advance.
9. (eventual)，your child will leave home to live her own life as a fully independent adult.
10.With the (establish) of the national park，we are confident that we can succeed in protecting the wildlife.
walking
to
in
Eventually
establishment
(记叙文——对社会有突出贡献的人)
1.袁隆平被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。(be recognized as)
Yuan Longping in China.
2.人们之所以钦佩他是因为他帮助中国人摆脱了饥饿。(the reason why...is that...)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.心怀全体中国人民，他致力于提高水稻的产量。(have...in mind)
，he committed himself to increasing the production of rice.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
is recognized as one of the greatest scientists
The reason why people admire him is that he helped Chinese people to get rid of hunger.
Having all the Chinese people in mind
4.尽管他是一位在国际上享有盛誉的科学家，但他对名声并不太在意。
who enjoyed an international reputation，he cared little about fame.
5.他的杂交水稻不仅养育着中国人，还养育着其他国家的数十亿人。(not only...but also...)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Even though he was a scientist
His hybrid rice feeds not only Chinese people but also billions of people in other countries.
参考范文
Yuan Longping is widely recognized as one of the greatest scientists in China.In my opinion，the reason why people admire him is that he helped Chinese people to get rid of hunger.Having all the Chinese people in mind，he committed himself to increasing the production of rice.Even though he was a scientist who enjoyed an international reputation，he cared little about fame.His hybrid rice feeds not only Chinese people but also billions of people in other countries.
A
(2025·湖北高一上期末)
Wang Guihong，a 23-year-old girl from a farming family in Hubei Province，experienced a few “bumps” at the starting line.At age 3，she lost her right leg in a traffic accident，and later，during high school，suffered from serious hydronephrosis(肾盂积水).
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自湖北省一个农民家庭的23岁女孩王贵红虽然遭遇了许多困难，但她凭借自己的努力和周围人的帮助，在大学里取得了优异的成绩，并积极参与志愿服务，决定继续深造马克思主义专业以便更好地服务社会的故事。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
Despite these challenges，Wang entered Wuhan University of Biotechnology in 2019 to study Business English.She lived her school life with walking sticks，competing for and winning the position of an assistant in her class，impressing others with her positive energy.“She never complains about her challenges or disability，” said a close friend.
The long run of using walking sticks led to scoliosis(脊柱侧凸)，but hope came when a classmate got news about a prosthetic leg(假肢).Despite the high cost，her family managed to raise the funds.After a period of adaptation and many falls，Wang successfully got used to her prosthetic leg.
The university supported Wang by offering her a sunnier dorm and aiding her in applying for scholarships.Despite her condition，Wang devoted herself to volunteering and taking part in community service，adding up to over 400 hours of service.“I’ve received so much help，and I want to give back，” she said.
Wang was excellent，graduating with high scores and passing the postgraduate entrance exam，although she was first accepted to a junior college course，known as Zhuanke in Chinese.She chose to run after graduate studies in Marxism at Hubei Minzu University.“My experience of volunteering has shown me that this major can help me better serve society and realize my value in the future，” explained Wang.She believed it would help her serve society better.“With all help and company I have，I face the unknown journey ahead without fear，” Wang said，having overcome many difficulties in life.
1.What does the underlined word “bumps” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Failures. B.Adventures.
C.Hardships. D.Weaknesses.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At age 3，she lost her right leg in a traffic accident，and later，during high school，suffered from serious hydronephrosis(肾盂积水).”可知，她3岁时失去了右腿，在高中期间患上了严重的肾盂积水，说明经历了很多艰辛。故画线词意思是“艰辛”。故选C。
解析
2.What can we know about Wang Guihong
A.She was born without her right leg.
B.She got a lot of help from others.
C.She got used to her prosthetic leg easily.
D.She often complained about her disability.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The long run of using walking sticks led to scoliosis(脊柱侧凸)，but hope came when a classmate got news about a prosthetic leg(假肢).”以及第四段中“The university supported Wang by offering her a sunnier dorm and aiding her in applying for scholarships.”可知，王贵红从同学、学校那里得到了很多帮助。故选B。
解析
3.Which of the following can best describe Wang Guihong
A.Positive and caring.
B.Brave and curious.
C.Responsible and honest.
D.Wise and generous.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“She lived her school life with walking sticks，competing for and winning the position of an assistant in her class，impressing others with her positive energy.”以及第四段中“Despite her condition，Wang devoted herself to volunteering and taking part in community service，adding up to over 400 hours of service.”可知，王贵红充满正能量，且参与志愿服务和社区服务帮助他人。由此推知，她积极、有爱心。故选A。
解析
4.What lesson does the author want to teach
A.Well begun is half done.
B.Where there is a will，there is a way.
C.Failure is the mother of success.
D.Facts speak louder than words.
√
推理判断题。文章主要讲述了王贵红虽然遭遇了许多困难，但凭借自己的努力和周围人的帮助，在大学里取得了优异的成绩，并积极参与志愿服务，决定继续深造马克思主义专业以便更好地服务社会的故事。由此推知，作者想告诉我们：有志者，事竟成。故选B。
解析
B
Hiao Khanh,29，is a member of the Community Malaria(疟疾) Action Team in Chu’ Rcǎm commune，Kr ng pa district，Gia Lai Province，which is known for having the highest number of malaria cases in Vietnam.In 2020，more than 200 cases were reported across the district.
语篇解读 本文是新闻报道。文章报道了一个关于疟疾防治的故事，重点介绍了一位名叫Hiao Khanh的社区疟疾行动团队成员在疟疾预防和控制方面所做的努力。
Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019，after he recovered from malaria.“It was a near-death experience，” said Hiao Khanh.“I had a high fever before getting medical support.After that，I was determined to help reduce sickness and deaths from malaria in my community.”
People in this community depend heavily on the forest to earn a living.They go into the forest to work，and sleep there，putting them at high risk of contracting(感染) malaria.When it rains，the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded.Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria.
The team’s main activities are to raise awareness about malaria prevention，provide protective items，and find out people who might have malaria and then transport them to healthcare facilities for testing.
With the right treatment，patients can now be cured in a shorter period of time.However，ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge.Forest workers，for example，often prefer to return to work as soon as their fever breaks.Part of Hiao Khanh’s work is to find and persuade(说服) patients to come back for munication is an important aspect of his team’s work.They actively listen to people’s concerns，respond to their questions，and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course.“Just a ‘thank you’ from the people is enough to give me strength to continue this job to reduce malaria in my homeland，” said Hiao Khanh.
5.What led Hiao Khanh to take a role in malaria prevention and control
A.His suffering from malaria.
B.A report about malaria cases in Vietnam.
C.His visit to a nearby forest.
D.The deaths from malaria in his community.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019，after he recovered from malaria.”可知，Hiao Khanh患过疟疾，(这次经历)促使他在疟疾预防和控制方面发挥积极作用。故选A项。
解析
6.What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A.It often rains in Hiao Khanh’s hometown.
B.Hiao Khanh’s community is accessible only by motorbikes.
C.Natural disasters frequently hit Hiao Khanh’s hometown.
D.Forests are not beneficial to malaria control.
√
推理判断题。根据第三段中“They go into the forest to work，and sleep there，putting them at high risk of contracting(感染) malaria.When it rains，the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded.Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria.”可知，待在森林里使得当地人处于感染疟疾的高风险之中。即森林不利于疟疾的控制。故选D项。
解析
7.Which of the following is part of the work of the Community Malaria Action Team
A.Treating patients with malaria.
B.Educating people about malaria prevention.
C.Relocating villagers to other places.
D.Improving hospitals and healthcare facilities.
√
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，他们的主要活动是提高人们对疟疾预防的认识，提供防护物品，找出可能患有疟疾的人，然后将他们送到医疗机构接受检查，故教育人们预防疟疾是社区疟疾行动小组工作的一部分。故选B项。
解析
8.What is a challenge in Hiao Khanh’s work
A.Curing patients in a short period of time.
B.Persuading the villagers to leave the forests.
C.Talking patients into finishing the full treatment.
D.Responding to patients’ questioning on his ability.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However，ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge...and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course.”可知，确保患者继续接受治疗仍然是一项挑战。即Hiao Khanh工作中的挑战是说服病人完成全部治疗。故选C项。
解析
How to Be a Good Scientist
Perhaps you’re a young person who loves science and wants to help the world.Or maybe you’ve been doing science for a while and want to improve.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成为一个好的科学家。
Ⅳ.七选五
A.Take charge of your ideas.
B.Make time for a hobby outside of scientific work.
C.If you enjoy science，you’re already on the right path.
D.A good scientist should be good at explaining scientific ideas.
E.Either way，there are important steps to become a good scientist.
F.Don’t just stick to your own ideas；consider what other scientists have
found too.
G.They could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your
latest research.
√
1 They can help you do good things for science and maybe for the world too.
上文“Perhaps you’re a young person...Or maybe you’ve been doing science...”可知，上文描述两种不同背景但都有成为优秀科学家愿望的人。E选项“无论哪种情况，成为一个好的科学家都有一些重要的步骤”承接上文。下文“They can help you do good things for science and maybe for the world too.”中的They指代E选项中的steps。E项能够承上启下。故选E项。
解析
Love for science is key to being a good scientist.When you love what you do，you’ll study and learn with passion.Being passionate about your work makes you better at it.
2 It’s important to feel happy and proud of your work.Doing something you love is the best way to succeed.
A.Take charge of your ideas.
B.Make time for a hobby outside of scientific work.
C.If you enjoy science，you’re already on the right path.
D.A good scientist should be good at explaining scientific ideas.
E.Either way，there are important steps to become a good scientist.
F.Don’t just stick to your own ideas；consider what other scientists have
found too.
G.They could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your
latest research.
√
根据上文“When you love what you do，you’ll study and learn with passion.Being passionate about your work makes you better at it.”可知，选项承接上文继续说明热爱让你的选择更正确。C选项“如果你喜欢科学，你已经在正确的道路上了”符合语境。passionate呼应enjoy。故选C项。
解析
To be a good scientist，you need to be open to new ideas and willing to change your mind based on the facts.
3 It’s important to accept the results of your experiments，even if they’re not what you expected.This helps you learn and improve your work.
A.Take charge of your ideas.
B.Make time for a hobby outside of scientific work.
C.If you enjoy science，you’re already on the right path.
D.A good scientist should be good at explaining scientific ideas.
E.Either way，there are important steps to become a good scientist.
F.Don’t just stick to your own ideas；consider what other scientists have
found too.
G.They could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your
latest research.
√
上文“To be a good scientist，you need to be open to new ideas and willing to change your mind based on the facts.”强调科学家要接受新思想并根据事实调整观点，F选项“不要只坚持自己的想法；也要考虑其他科学家的发现”回应前文对新思想的开放态度，强调了接受其他科学家发现的重要性。下文体现选项F所强调的开放性和接纳新思想的态度。故选F项。
解析
Practice your writing and reading skills.Create a writing process that works for you，like going into an area with peace and quiet or putting on classical music to help you focus，and stick to it.Try to do a little writing every day，and put your ideas or thoughts down on the page so you get into the habit of recording your ideas.
4
A.Take charge of your ideas.
B.Make time for a hobby outside of scientific work.
C.If you enjoy science，you’re already on the right path.
D.A good scientist should be good at explaining scientific ideas.
E.Either way，there are important steps to become a good scientist.
F.Don’t just stick to your own ideas；consider what other scientists have
found too.
G.They could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your
latest research.
√
根据上文“Try to do a little writing every day，and put your ideas or thoughts down on the page so you get into the habit of recording your ideas.”可知，选项承接上文说明这么做的作用是什么。选项G“它们将来可能会发表在论文中，或者在你相关研究的讲座中被提及”符合语境。选项中的They指代上文中的ideas。故选G项。
解析
5 Challenge yourself to come up with one idea related to your project a day. Don’t be shy about your ideas.As a scientist in a competitive field，you need to create your own opportunities by owning your ideas and working hard to develop them further.
A.Take charge of your ideas.
B.Make time for a hobby outside of scientific work.
C.If you enjoy science，you’re already on the right path.
D.A good scientist should be good at explaining scientific ideas.
E.Either way，there are important steps to become a good scientist.
F.Don’t just stick to your own ideas；consider what other scientists have found too.
G.They could later end up in a published paper or in a lecture about your latest
research.
√
根据下文内容“每天挑战自己想出一个与你项目相关的想法。不要对自己的创意心怀顾忌。作为竞争激烈领域中的科学家，你需要通过拥有自己的想法并努力进一步发展它们来创造自己的机会”可知，本段主要讲要掌控自己的想法。故选A项。
解析
During the peak holiday travel period beginning in spring，tourists booked all 16 rooms of the village home run by Paden Chodron，a 39-year-old member of the Tibetan ethnic group.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西藏自治区扎西岗村利用自身资源发展旅游业和畜牧业，帮助村民实现经济增收和个人梦想。
Ⅴ.语法填空
“The tourists are mostly young people，many of 1. are part of tour groups.
whom
考查定语从句。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是young people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
解析
They want to know about our 2. (tradition) lifestyle，like planting highland barley(青稞) and harvesting mushrooms.We also learn about their homes and their life，” Paden says.
traditional
考查形容词。本空用形容词traditional“传统的”，修饰名词lifestyle，作定语。故填traditional。
解析
He and his wife Baima Quzhen made their dream of starting a family hotel a 3. (real) ten years ago.
reality
考查名词。本空用名词reality“现实”，作宾语their dream of starting a family hotel的补足语，构成make sth a reality结构，意为“使……成为现实”。故填reality。
解析
4. (locate) in Zhaxigang village in Lulang town in Nyingchi，Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region，the couple’s hotel is now one of more than 50 households in the village getting good returns from improved highways and the nearby airport.
Located
考查非谓语动词。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且hotel与locate“把……安置在(或建造于)”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Located。
解析
The roads and communications have improved greatly,5. (help) them open up to the outside world.More and more tourists are drawn to the beautiful environment and ethnic attractions of the area.
helping
考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为have improved，此处为非谓语动词，本空用现在分词helping“帮助”，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填helping。
解析
Paden says his family enjoys 6. annual income(收入) of 100,000 yuan，tourism and farming included.
an
考查冠词。此处泛指“一个每年10万元的收入”，且annual的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
解析
The Zhaxigang village successfully uses its ethnic heritage，natural attractions and connectivity 7. (develop) the important industries of tourism and animal feeding.
to develop
考查非谓语动词。本句谓语为uses，此处为非谓语动词，本空用develop“发展”的不定式，作目的状语，说明利用这些资源的目的是发展产业。故填to develop。
解析
Last year it 8. (give) several national-level honors.
was given
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据Last year可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语it(指代Zhaxigang village)与give“给”为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was given。
解析
As is reflected by residents like Paden，so far our Chinese government’s powerful and effective measures 9. (enable) local communities to be in line 10. the country’s increasing focus on shared and inclusive growth.
have enabled
9.考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据so far可知，enable“使能够”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语是measures，所以助动词用have。故填have enabled。
10.考查介词。本空用with，构成短语be in line with，意为“与……保持一致”。故填with。
解析
with
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