Section Ⅳ Lesson 3
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A．A race to the South Pole.
B．An exploration of the Antarctic.
C．A heroic captain，Robert Falcon Scott.
D．The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
答案 A
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1．How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A．Less than three months. B．Less than one month.
C．More than three months. D．Less than two months.
答案 C
2．What may lead to the death of Scott
A．Starvation. B．Cancer.
C．A terrible storm. D．Low spirits.
答案 A
3．What does Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？
A．He spent much money on the journey.
B．He was optimistic about the journey.
C．Scott felt hopeless and he thought he would die.
D．He should not have taken the journey.
答案 C
4．What is the author’s attitude to Scott
A．Admirable. B．Subjective.
C．Objective. D．Disapproving.
答案 A
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott was 1.on his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer Roald Amundsen，2.saying(say) that he was going to Antarctica，too.Then the race between the two was on.They first organised food bases before their journeys.Amundsen was the first 3.to leave(leave) on 8 September，1911.He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912，they returned 4.safely(safe) to their starting base.
Captain Scott left on 1 November，1911，and soon had problems.First his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious 5.difficulties(difficulty) with the snow and the cold.When Scott’s team finally arrived at the Pole，they were shocked and disappointed to see 6.the Norwegian flag and began their return journey，one of the worst in the history of 7.exploration(explore)．They were tired and running out of food.Nevertheless，they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks 8.which/that proved that in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
9.Unfortunately(fortunate)，the members died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.While Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10.heroes(hero).
1．While he was on the way to Antarctica，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too. (P36 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为复合句。while引导时间状语从句；which引导的是定语从句，修饰a message。
汉语翻译：在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
2．We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death(die)，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.(P37 Para.8)
结构分析：此句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，that引导宾语从句；第二个分句中，though引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。
3．Captain Scott left a record，for honesty(honest)，for sincerity，for bravery(brave)，for everything that makes a man.(P37 Para.11)
结构分析：此句为复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰everything。
汉语翻译：斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。
4．Scott had failed to win(win) the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.(P37 Para.11)
结构分析：此句为but连接的并列句。第二个分句中，shown by Scott and his men为过去分词短语作定语，修饰courage。
汉语翻译：斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。
preparation n．准备，预备(prepare v．使有准备；预备prepared adj.准备好)
in preparation for为……做准备
make preparations for为……做准备
be in preparation在准备中
prepare to do sth准备做……
prepare for sth为……做准备
be prepared for为……做好准备(表状态)
be prepared to do愿意做……
(1)When the doctor was preparing to do(do) the operation，he asked me if I was prepared(prepare) for it mentally.
(2)I have been working hard day and night in preparation(prepare) for the upcoming English contest.
(3)Well prepared(prepare) for the interview，I stepped into the interview room with confidence.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之节日庆祝)为庆祝端午节，我们做了充分的准备，举办了各种各样的活动来纪念屈原。
To celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival，we made full preparations and held a variety of activities in memory of Qu Yuan.
break down停止运转，出故障；坏掉；(身体、精神)垮掉
break in插嘴；打断；闯入
break into破门而入；突然开始
break out突然发生；爆发
break up破碎；解散；结束；散会；(学校)期终放假
break away from离开；脱离；突然挣脱
(1)用break短语的正确形式填空
Yesterday，my computer ①broke down unexpectedly，making me angry.Just then，my little brother ②broke in，asking me questions about his homework，which ③broke up my concentration.Suddenly，the power failure ④broke out in the entire neighborhood，adding to my frustration.Later，I managed to ⑤break away from the situation and took a walk to clear my mind.As I walked，a thought ⑥broke into my mind: emergencies can always happen，but it’s important to stay calm and keep going.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)学会放松。如果你把自己逼得太紧，你可能因为压力而崩溃。
Learn to relax.If you push yourself too hard，you might break down because of pressure.
prove vt.证明；证实(proof n．证据)
prove sth to sb 向某人证明……
prove sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n. 证明某人/某物是……
It is proved that...……被证实
(1)Give me a chance and I will prove my honesty to you.
(2)Lucas proved himself to be(be) equal to the position as a teacher.
[写作佳句]
(3)(野生动物保护)事实证明，他们所采取的保护野生动物的措施是有效的。
It has been proved that the measures they took to protect wildlife are effective.
全部倒装
Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(P36 Para.2)
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
结构分析：此句为简单句。then位于句首，句子为全部倒装。
英语中的倒装句型分为全部倒装和部分倒装。本句为全部倒装，即将整个谓语部分放于主语之前，正常语序为The total darkness of the polar winter came then。全部倒装句型要符合以下条件：
时间副词now，then，地点副词there，here，方位副词away，in，off，up，out，down，以及表示方位的介词短语等放于句首；
谓语动词常为be，come，go，lie，stand，exist等不及物动词；
句子主语是名词。
(1)这里有一些我认为会对你有益的建议。
Here are some suggestions，which I think will be of benefit to you.
(2)听到狗凶猛地吠叫，小偷匆匆逃走了。
Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief in a hurry.
(3)(读后续写之环境描写)山顶上有一个宁静的湖，它倒映出上方清澈蔚蓝的天空。
On the top of the mountain lies a peaceful lake，reflecting the clear blue sky above.
have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难
The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.(P37 Para.8)
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
结构分析：此句为复合句。who引导定语从句。
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难(麻烦)；做某事费劲
have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某事方面有困难(麻烦)
with/without difficulty/trouble有/没有困难(麻烦)
(1)他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题，但实际上他为自己的任务做了充分的准备。
It seems that he always solves problems without difficulty，but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks.
(2)不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，通过大声地朗读句子你就可以解决你的问题。
Whether you have difficulty/trouble with grammar，or have difficulty/trouble (in) memorizing new words，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.
阅读以下短文，体会加黑部分，完成下面的练习。
The ①relationship between young people and nonprofit ②organizations can be the start of a great change in the community and should be a very ③powerful ④educational experience.An open-minded and promising flow of ⑤communication between organizations and community members can be the start of social and ⑥environmental change.Together，we can make the change.
句中的黑体词是在原词后边加了后缀形成的新单词，这种构词法叫后缀构词法，是派生词的一种。如名词与-ship结合，构成名词，如①；动词与-(t)ion，-ation结合，构成名词，如②⑤；名词与-al，-ful结合，构成形容词，如③④⑥。
后缀
后缀是一种重要的构词法。通过后缀常常可以判断一个词的词性。在语言学中，后缀又被称作词尾，是一种置于其他词素后的词缀。常见的后缀有以下几种：
分类 后缀及意义 例子
名词 -ility能力；可能性 possibility可能性 ability能力 capability能力
-or，-er，-ee，-ar与……有关的人 teacher老师 actor演员 interviewee被采访者 liar说谎者
-ment ……的组织/行为 development发展 government政府 movement运动
-sion，-(t)ion ……的行为/动作/结果 action行动 creation创造 conclusion结论
-ness ……的状态/性质 illness疾病 business商业 darkness黑暗
-ship ……的关系/性质/才能 friendship友谊 ownership所有权 leadership领导能力
-ist ……家；……者 artist艺术家 scientist科学家
-ism ……主义 realism现实主义 idealism理想主义
-ian ……地方的人；……专长的人 Asian亚洲人 musician音乐家
形容词 -able能……的 comfortable舒服的 valuable有价值的
-al具有……特性的 physical身体的 national国家的 political政治的
-ern表方向 western西方的 eastern东方的
-ful有……性质的 careful仔细的 useful有用的 meaningful有意义的
-ive具有……性质的 active活跃的 positive积极的 expensive昂贵的
-less没有…… careless粗心的 harmless无害的
-some有……倾向的 handsome帅气的 awesome可怕的 troublesome麻烦的
-like有……性质的；像…… dreamlike梦一般的 childlike孩子般的
动词 -(e)n使；变得 widen加宽 strengthen增强 lengthen加长
-fy使……化 beautify美化 satisfy使满意 simplify简化
-ize/ise使成……状态 realize实现 apologize道歉 organize组织
-ate赋予某物……作用 activate使活化 motivate推动
副词 -ly以……方式 really真正地 perfectly完美地 suddenly突然
-down ……向下 facedown脸朝下地
-ward(s)向……；朝…… forward向前地 outward向外 eastward向东
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Obviously，houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are extremely(extreme) expensive.
2．Chinese New Year is a celebration(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
3．Kids and I are teaching ourselves French in preparation(prepare) for our planned vacation next autumn.
4．He never expected to have much difficulty(difficult) finding one who shared common interests with him.
5．There are some optional(option) courses for students to choose if they sign up tody.
6．Many of us once dreamed of becoming a scientist(science) when we were children.
7．To win a battle，you should clearly know your own strengths(strong) and weaknesses.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我们焦急地在阳光下等他，但是他从未现身。
We waited for him in the sun anxiously，but he never turned up.
2．我不想在生活中忙忙碌碌，而想做更有意义的事。
Instead of rushing at life，I wanted to do something more meaningful.
3．李林来到美国时，没有工作，没有朋友，还遭受着文化冲击。
Li Lin was jobless，friendless，and suffering from culture shock，when arriving in America.
4．听到这个坏消息，我们无法控制自己，悲伤的泪水像断了线的珍珠一样顺着我们的脸流下来。
On hearing the bad news，we couldn’t contain ourselves，tears of sadness running down our faces like a broken string of pearls.
5．这个机构定期组织各种各样的活动，鼓励我们说英语的同时多交朋友。
The organization regularly organizes a variety of activities，encouraging us to speak English as well as make more friends.
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
One day，I met a man with 1.disability(disable)．He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was 2.healthy(health)．He had worked in a car factory for five years，and then an accident left him disabled.Judging from his 3.expression(express)，he was an optimistic man.I told him that although he was 4.physically(physical) disabled，his heart was strong，and he could always depend on it.Besides，I have learnt from him that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others，it will not only bring 5.happiness(happy) to you，but it will also be in other people’s hearts forever.
训练4 Lesson 3
[分值：77.5分]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．The students are studying hard in preparation for the coming exam.
2．In fact，the exploration(explore) of space began a long time ago.
3．There is no proof(prove) that they were the first to arrive at the continent.
4．No matter how serious your mistakes might be，honesty(honest) is always the best policy.
5．It was with sincerity(sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
6．Her cheerful(cheer) smile brightened up the entire room，filling it with warmth and laughter.
7．His new film，based(base) on a true story，has attracted people’s attention.
8．To an extent，a large variety of wild animals have difficulty with survival as a result of human activities.
9．Anxiously(anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
10．So ambitious(ambition) was the captain that he was willing to take any risk to achieve his goals.
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．上周三，我们买了食物和其他东西来准备徒步旅行。(in preparation for)
Last Wednesday，we bought food and other things in preparation for the hike.
2．星期四，我是最后一个到达目的地的，我没能和朋友们会合。(the last to do)
On Thursday，I was the last to arrive at the destination，and I failed to join up with my friends.
3．实际上，是我记错了时间，我很快意识到我很难赶上他们。(have difficulty in doing)
It turned out that I made a mistake about time，and I soon realized I had difficulty catching up with them.
4．天气越来越热，我越来越累，也越来越绝望。(比较级＋and＋比较级)
It got hotter and hotter，and I became more and more tired and hopeless.
5．幸运的是，当天下午稍晚时候，我发现山脚下有我的朋友在等我。(完全倒装)
Luckily，later in the afternoon，I found that at the foot of the hill were my friends，who were waiting for me.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
参考范文
Last Wednesday，we bought food and other things in preparation for the hike.On Thursday，I was the last to arrive at the destination，and I failed to join up with my friends.It turned out that I made a mistake about time，and I soon realized I had difficulty catching up with them.It got hotter and hotter，and I became more and more tired and hopeless.Luckily，later in the afternoon，I found that at the foot of the hill were my friends，who were waiting for me.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏淮安高一上期中)
The Arctic trip with Quark Expeditions is an amazing experience，and I am thankful for it.However，it also makes me realize our presence here sounds pointless in this great setting，like we are visitors from another world.
Our 10-day journey explored the Svalbard islands in northern Norway.At our farthest point，the North Pole was still 600 miles away，but I had never been so far north.It felt like we were at the top of the world.
The story of humans in the Norwegian Arctic is all about looting(掠夺) the natural world for fur，coal and other resources(资源)．The first recorded visit was by Dutch sailor Willem Barentsz in June 1596，searching for a northeast passage to China.History presenter Federico Gargiulo explained that this discovery put the Arctic on the map.That attracted people to come and try to take those resources.
Today，there are environmental controls on visiting this area.On our first day，we watched videos that laid down the law: Do not touch or take anything，and stay with your armed guide for protection from polar bears.We also washed our shoes and feet before boarding or leaving the ship to make the land free of pollution.
Tourists pay a lot and travel far to see Arctic wildlife.On our last night，we finally got a close-up of a polar bear.Everyone rushed to the decks(甲板) with cameras.We saw the bear swimming towards us，and as it got closer，we could make out its black eyes and rounded ears.
Quark Expeditions’ guides are experienced in different fields.I learned a lot from them.The guide Austin Hart’s words impressed me: “It’s not much of a human planet.Dinosaurs were around for 180 million years.I don’t know if humans have that long.” As I stood among ice and snowy mountains，this made me feel unbelievably small.
1．Why did Willem Barentsz come to the Norwegian Arctic
A．To draw a map of Norway.
B．To find a northeast path to China.
C．To explore the local history.
D．To search for a passage to Holland.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first recorded visit was by Dutch sailor Willem Barentsz in June 1596，searching for a northeast passage to China.”可知，Willem Barentsz来挪威北极地区是为了找到一条通往中国的东北通道，故选B。
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Strict rules on visiting the Arctic.
B．The rising number of tourists.
C．The measures to protect wildlife.
D．Useful tips on watching birds.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段“Today，there are environmental controls on visiting this area.On our first day，we watched videos that laid down the law：Do not touch or take anything...”可知，本段主要是讲参观北极的严格规定，故选A。
3．How does the author feel after the journey
A．Our presence fits in with the planet.
B．It’s too cold on the Svalbard islands.
C．Human beings are tiny in this world.
D．We must stop using natural resources.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As I stood among ice and snowy mountains，this made me feel unbelievably small.”可知，作者在这次旅行后感觉人类在这个世界上是如此渺小，故选C。
4．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A history book. B．A news report.
C．A research paper. D．A travel magazine.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。根据第一段“The Arctic trip with Quark Expeditions is an amazing experience...”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者随Quark Expeditions前往北极旅行的经历，所以这篇文章可能出现在旅游杂志中。故选D。
B
Scientists agree glacial melting is linked to climate change caused by human activity.Each year in the Swiss Alps，a group of residents(居民) makes its way to the Rh ne Glacier to cover up the ice in huge white blankets that reflect the sun to prevent melting.
The blankets might seem like a quick fix，but they could reduce seasonal melting by up to 70 percent.The residents near the Swiss glacier have used the blankets every summer for the last eight years.It’s a popular tourist destination，but the ice has been melting over the last 10 years.About 131 feet of the roughly 5-mile-long glacier have disappeared in that time.
And it’s not the only effort to stop or slow glacial melting.Scientists are now proposing higher-tech solutions to further slow the impact of global warming on glacial ice around the world.One idea is to build mounds(土石堆) of sand and stone underwater at the mouth of at-risk glaciers near the sea，such as Thwaites Glacier in the Antarctic.The walls，which would stretch(延伸) for miles on the sea floor，would slow or prevent their collapse.
Robinson Meyer explained that if these mounds work，glaciers that would otherwise collapse in 100 years could last for another millennium(千年)．The proposal would not only protect the glacier but also hold off sea-level rise by preventing the melt water from entering the ocean.
Last year，another group of scientists came up with a plan to cover a part of glaciers in the Swiss Alps with artificial(人工的) snow.The idea was a higher-tech version of the huge blankets; both the blankets and the snow reflect the sun rather than absorbing it.Unlike the use of blankets to protect ice，these ideas are still hypothetical.So whether these fixes have any real potential on a large，real-life scale remains to be seen.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为防止或减缓冰川融化所做出的努力，包括使用巨大白色毯子覆盖冰川、在海底建造土石堆以减缓或防止冰川崩塌，以及提出用人造雪覆盖冰川等方案。
5．What do we know about the white blanket way according to the text
A．Effective and quick. B．Convenient but costly.
C．Approachable but fancy. D．Adaptive but impractical.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The blankets might seem like a quick fix，but they could reduce seasonal melting by up to 70 percent.”可知，白色毯子方法虽然看起来是一个权宜之计，但却非常有效，能大幅减少冰川的季节性融化。因此，白色毯子的方式是“有效且快速”的。故选A项。
6．How would scientists protect Thwaites Glacier
A．Prevent sea water from covering up glaciers.
B．Apply new technology to reducing global warming.
C．Build walls at the meeting point of the glacier and the sea.
D．Expand seashore and sea floor around and in the Antarctic.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One idea is to build mounds(土石堆) of sand and stone underwater at the mouth of at-risk glaciers near the sea...The walls，which would stretch(延伸)...slow or prevent their collapse.”可知，科学家保护斯韦茨冰川的方法是在靠近海洋的危险的冰川口建造水下沙石堆。这些墙将在海底延伸数英里，以减缓或防止冰川崩塌。故选C项。
7．How many ways to slow glaciers melting are introduced in the text
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“to cover up the ice in huge white blankets...”；第三段中的“One idea is to build mounds(土石堆) of sand and stone underwater...”和最后一段中的“to cover a part of glaciers ...with artificial(人工的) snow”可知，文中共介绍了三种减缓冰川融化的方法：用白色毯子覆盖冰川、在海底建造土石堆以减缓或防止冰川崩塌和用人工雪覆盖冰川。故选B项。
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Artificial snow can absorb more sunlight.
B．These strategies have been put into practical use.
C．New technology could cause more glaciers melting.
D．The blankets and snow fixes are based on a similar rule.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The idea was a higher-tech version of the huge blankets; both the blankets and the snow reflect the sun rather than absorbing it.”可知，无论是用毯子还是用人造雪，其原理都是反射阳光，而不是吸收阳光，从而减缓冰川的融化。故推知，毯子和雪的修复方法是基于相似的原理。故选D项。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·湖北武汉高一上期中)
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year.This annual movement is called migration. 1 One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
Every autumn，millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey.Somehow they manage to travel around 4,000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico. 2
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. 3 It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.Eventually，it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
4 Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the last few years.Sadly，human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.In many of the places where the butterfly can be found，people are destroying the natural environment.They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars(毛虫) eat.
The research on the monarch’s behavior has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. 5 The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
A．However，until recently no one knew how they did this.
B．They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.
C．They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.
D．In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.
E．If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
F．The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
G．The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙以及人类活动是导致其数量下降的主要原因，最后作者呼吁大家行动起来保护这种美丽的生物。
1．答案 C
解析 根据前文“This annual movement is called migration.”和后文“One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.”可知，空前对迁徙做出了解释，空后进一步提到了黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙，C项“它们迁徙是为了寻找食物，寻找伴侣，或者寻找温暖的天气”是对前文的进一步解释，并引出下文。故选C项。
2．答案 A
解析 上文提到的“begin a long and difficult journey”说明这些蝴蝶开始了漫长又艰难的旅行，下文则提到一个科学家团队找到了答案，由此可知，空处承上启下，对黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙方式提出疑问。A项“然而直到最近，才有人知道它们是如何做到这一点的”承接上文，引出下文。故选A项。
3．答案 B
解析 根据空后“It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.”可知，后文解释了蝴蝶如何知道每天的时间和路程的方向。B项“他们发现黑脉金斑蝶能够辨别一天中的时间”照应下文中的“the time of day”，故选B项。
4．答案 F
解析 空后“Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the last few years.”说明在过去的几年里，黑脉金斑蝶的数量减少了90%。F项“解开黑脉金斑蝶惊人能力之谜的方法出现在它陷入严重危机的时候”符合语境，引出下文，空后是对“in serious trouble”的解释，故选F项。
5．答案 E
解析 空前“People have been working together...feed on.说明了人类为保护黑脉金斑蝶采取的措施，E项“如果这有效，那么黑脉金斑蝶的数量可能会再次增加”承接上文，this指代上文对黑脉金斑蝶的保护措施，此处是保护的效果。故选E项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·浙江宁波高一上期中)
We are on a hike on the plains of Xizang to observe Tibetan antelopes，a species 1._______ once faced serious threats from illegal hunting and habitat 2. (lose)．Valued for their fur，they were mercilessly hunted and killed.Besides，some of their habitats gave way 3.________ new roads and railways.In the 1980s and 1990s，their population dropped sharply by over 50%.
In order to prevent Tibetan antelopes from 4. (die) out，the Chinese government set up the Changtang National Nature Reserve and took a series of measures，such as building bridges and gates on the plains 5. (help) them move freely and safely.Moreover，volunteers like Zhaxi，our local guide，were asked to conduct round-the-clock patrols(巡逻)．Zhaxi considers 6. land sacred，believing protecting the wildlife 7. (be) important not only for the animals but also for the people there.
These efforts proved to be 8. (effect)．Starting from 2015，Tibetan antelopes were no longer an endangered species.However，the government continues the protection programs，as the species still faces some threats.
We should realize that although great progress 9. (make) in protecting wildlife in the past years，much remains to be done.We must learn to live in harmony with nature if we want to 10. (true) save our planet.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在西藏平原徒步观察藏羚羊的经历，介绍了藏羚羊曾面临的威胁，以及为了保护藏羚羊，中国政府所采取的措施。
1．答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a species，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，所以空处需用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。故填which/that。
2．答案 loss/losses
解析 考查名词。空处为介词from的宾语，应用所给词lose的名词形式loss，意为“丧失；损失”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此处可用其复数形式losses表示多处栖息地的丧失，故填loss/losses。
3．答案 to
解析 考查介词。give way to为固定短语，意为“被……替代；为……所取代”。故填to。
4．答案 dying
解析 考查非谓语动词。prevent sb/sth from doing sth为固定短语，意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”。故填dying。
5．答案 to help
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to help。
6．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。land为可数名词，此处表特指，所以用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
7．答案 is
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。believing后为省略that的宾语从句，设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述事实应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
8．答案 effective
解析 考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语，描述主语These efforts，effect的形容词形式为effective，意为“有效的”。故填effective。
9．答案 has been made
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。make在句中作谓语动词，且根据时间状语in the past years可知应用现在完成时，并且make与主语great progress构成被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，great progress为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been made。
10．答案 truly
解析 考查副词。根据句意，空处修饰动词save，作状语，应用副词形式，true的副词形式为truly。故填truly。(共90张PPT)
Section Ⅳ
Lesson 3
HUMANS AND NATURE
UNIT 5
内容索引
Part 1 课文深度理解
Part 2 长句难句分析
Part 3 语言知识梳理
Part 4 语法项目精讲
训练4
课文深度理解
Step 1 速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the text
A.A race to the South Pole.
B.An exploration of the Antarctic.
C.A heroic captain，Robert Falcon Scott.
D.The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
√
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Antarctica
dogs
progress
flag
back
tired
food
terrible
exploration
failed
courage
Step 2 细读——深度获取细节
1.How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A.Less than three months.
B.Less than one month.
C.More than three months.
D.Less than two months.
√
2.What may lead to the death of Scott
A.Starvation.
B.Cancer.
C.A terrible storm.
D.Low spirits.
√
3.What does Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？
A.He spent much money on the journey.
B.He was optimistic about the journey.
C.Scott felt hopeless and he thought he would die.
D.He should not have taken the journey.
√
4.What is the author’s attitude to Scott
A.Admirable.
B.Subjective.
C.Objective.
D.Disapproving.
√
Step 3 读后——课文语法填空
On 1 June，1910，Captain Robert Falcon Scott was 1. his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer Roald Amundsen，2. (say) that he was going to Antarctica，too.Then the race between the two was on.They first organised food bases before their journeys.Amundsen was the first 3. (leave) on 8 September，1911. He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912，they returned 4. (safe) to their starting base.
on
saying
to leave
safely
Captain Scott left on 1 November，1911，and soon had problems. First his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious 5. (difficulty) with the snow and the cold.When Scott’s team finally arrived at the Pole，they were shocked and disappointed to see 6. Norwegian flag and began their return journey，one of the worst in the history of 7. (explore).They were tired and running out of food.Nevertheless，they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks 8. proved that in the distant past，the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
difficulties
the
exploration
which/that
9. (fortunate)，the members died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.While Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole，the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10. (hero).
Unfortunately
heroes
返 回
长句难句分析
1.While he was on the way Antarctica，he received a message the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too. (P36 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为 句。while引导 从句；which引导的是_____从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to
from
复合
时间状语
定语
a message
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
2.We knew that poor Oates was walking to his (die)，but though we tried to stop him，we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.(P37 Para.8)
结构分析：此句为but连接的 句。第一个分句中，that引导 从句；第二个分句中，though引导 从句，that引导 从句。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
death
并列
宾语
让步状语
宾语
我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。
3.Captain Scott left a record，for (honest)，for sincerity，for ________(brave)，for everything that makes a man.(P37 Para.11)
结构分析：此句为 句。that引导 从句，修饰 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
honesty
bravery
复合
定语
everything
斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。
4.Scott had failed (win) the race to the Pole，but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.(P37 Para.11)
结构分析：此句为but连接的 句。第二个分句中，shown by Scott and his men为过去分词短语作 ，修饰 。
汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
to win
并列
定语
courage
斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。
返 回
语言知识梳理
n.准备，预备(prepare v.使有准备；预备prepared adj.准备好)
1
preparation
·in preparation for为……做准备
make preparations for为……做准备
be in preparation在准备中
·prepare to do sth准备做……
prepare for sth 为……做准备
·be prepared for为……做好准备(表状态)
be prepared to do愿意做……
(1)When the doctor was preparing (do) the operation，he asked me if I was (prepare) for it mentally.
(2)I have been working hard day and night in (prepare) for the upcoming English contest.
(3)Well (prepare) for the interview，I stepped into the interview room with confidence.
to do
prepared
preparation
prepared
写作佳句
(4)(应用文写作之节日庆祝)为庆祝端午节，我们做了充分的准备，举办了各种各样的活动来纪念屈原。
To celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival，____________________
in memory of Qu Yuan.
we made full
preparations and held a variety of activities
停止运转，出故障；坏掉；(身体、精神)垮掉
2
break down
break in插嘴；打断；闯入
break into破门而入；突然开始
break out突然发生；爆发
break up破碎；解散；结束；散会；(学校)期终放假
break away from离开；脱离；突然挣脱
(1)用break短语的正确形式填空
Yesterday，my computer ① unexpectedly，making me angry.Just then，my little brother ② ，asking me questions about his homework，which ③ my concentration.Suddenly，the power failure ④ in the entire neighborhood，adding to my frustration.Later，I managed to ⑤ the situation and took a walk to clear my mind.As I walked，a thought ⑥ my mind: emergencies can always happen，but it’s important to stay calm and keep going.
broke down
broke in
broke up
broke out
break away from
broke into
写作佳句
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)学会放松。如果你把自己逼得太紧，你可能因为压力而崩溃。
Learn to relax.If you push yourself too hard，_______________
.
you might break
down because of pressure
vt.证明；证实(proof n.证据)
3
prove
prove sth to sb 向某人证明……
prove sb/sth (to be)＋adj./n. 证明某人/某物是……
It is proved that...……被证实
(1)Give me a chance and I will prove my honesty you.
(2)Lucas proved himself (be) equal to the position as a teacher.
to
to be
写作佳句
(3)(野生动物保护)事实证明，他们所采取的保护野生动物的措施是有效的。
the measures they took to protect wildlife are effective.
It has been proved that
4
全部倒装
Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(P36 Para.2)
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
结构分析：此句为简单句。then位于句首，句子为全部倒装。
英语中的倒装句型分为全部倒装和部分倒装。本句为全部倒装，即将整个谓语部分放于主语之前，正常语序为The total darkness of the polar winter came then。全部倒装句型要符合以下条件：
·时间副词now，then，地点副词there，here，方位副词away，in，off，up，out，down，以及表示方位的介词短语等放于句首；
·谓语动词常为be，come，go，lie，stand，exist等不及物动词；
·句子主语是名词。
(1)这里有一些我认为会对你有益的建议。
，which I think will be of benefit to you.
(2)听到狗凶猛地吠叫，小偷匆匆逃走了。
Hearing the dog barking fiercely， in a hurry.
(3)(读后续写之环境描写)山顶上有一个宁静的湖，它倒映出上方清澈蔚蓝的天空。
，reflecting the clear blue sky above.
Here are some suggestions
away fled the thief
On the top of the mountain lies a peaceful lake
做某事有困难
5
have difficulty (in) doing sth
The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.(P37 Para.8)
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
结构分析：此句为复合句。who引导定语从句。
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难(麻烦)；做某事费劲
have difficulty/trouble with sth 在某事方面有困难(麻烦)
with/without difficulty/trouble有/没有困难(麻烦)
(1)他似乎总是毫不费力地解决问题，但实际上他为自己的任务做了充分的准备。
It seems that he always ，but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks.
(2)不论你是在语法方面有困难，还是记新单词费劲，通过大声地朗读句子你就可以解决你的问题。
Whether you ，or ______________
，you can solve your problem by reading sentences aloud.
solves problems without difficulty
have difficulty/trouble with grammar
have difficulty/
trouble (in) memorizing new words
返 回
语法项目精讲
情境导读
阅读以下短文，体会加颜色部分，完成下面的练习。
The ①relationship between young people and nonprofit ②organizations can be the start of a great change in the community and should be a very ③powerful ④educational experience.An open-minded and promising flow of ⑤communication between organizations and community members can be the start of social and ⑥environmental change.Together，we can make the change.
句中的加颜色词是在原词后边加了 形成的新单词，这种构词法叫_____
，是派生词的一种。如名词与-ship结合，构成 词，如①；动词与-(t)ion，-ation结合，构成 词，如②⑤；名词与-al，-ful结合，构成 词，如③④⑥。
后缀
后缀
构词法
名
名
形容
语法精讲
后缀
后缀是一种重要的构词法。通过后缀常常可以判断一个词的词性。在语言学中，后缀又被称作词尾，是一种置于其他词素后的词缀。常见的后缀有以下几种：
分类 后缀及意义 例子
名词 -ility能力；可能性 possibility可能性
ability能力
capability能力
-or，-er，-ee，-ar与……有关的人 teacher老师
actor演员
interviewee被采访者
liar说谎者
-ment ……的组织/行为 development发展
government政府
movement运动
分类 后缀及意义 例子
名词 -sion，-(t)ion ……的行为/动作/结果 action行动
creation创造
conclusion结论
-ness ……的状态/性质 illness疾病
business商业
darkness黑暗
-ship ……的关系/性质/才能 friendship友谊
ownership所有权
leadership领导能力
分类 后缀及意义 例子
名词 -ist ……家；……者 artist艺术家
scientist科学家
-ism ……主义 realism现实主义
idealism理想主义
-ian ……地方的人；……专长的人 Asian亚洲人
musician音乐家
形容词 -able能……的 comfortable舒服的
valuable有价值的
分类 后缀及意义 例子
形容词 -al具有……特性的 physical身体的
national国家的
political政治的
-ern表方向 western西方的
eastern东方的
-ful有……性质的 careful仔细的
useful有用的
meaningful有意义的
分类 后缀及意义 例子
形容词 -ive具有……性质的 active活跃的
positive积极的
expensive昂贵的
-less没有…… careless粗心的
harmless无害的
-some有……倾向的 handsome帅气的
awesome可怕的
troublesome麻烦的
-like有……性质的；像…… dreamlike梦一般的
childlike孩子般的
分类 后缀及意义 例子
动词 -(e)n使；变得 widen加宽
strengthen增强
lengthen加长
-fy使……化 beautify美化
satisfy使满意
simplify简化
-ize/ise使成……状态 realize实现
apologize道歉
organize组织
分类 后缀及意义 例子
动词 -ate赋予某物……作用 activate使活化
motivate推动
副词 -ly以……方式 really真正地
perfectly完美地
suddenly突然
-down ……向下 facedown脸朝下地
-ward(s)向……；朝…… forward向前地
outward向外
eastward向东
达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Obviously，houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are __________ (extreme) expensive.
2.Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
3.Kids and I are teaching ourselves French in (prepare) for our planned vacation next autumn.
4.He never expected to have much (difficult) finding one who shared common interests with him.
extremely
celebration
preparation
difficulty
5.There are some (option) courses for students to choose if they sign up tody.
6.Many of us once dreamed of becoming a (science) when we were children.
7.To win a battle，you should clearly know your own (strong) and weaknesses.
optional
scientist
strengths
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.我们焦急地在阳光下等他，但是他从未现身。
，but he never turned up.
2.我不想在生活中忙忙碌碌，而想做更有意义的事。
Instead of rushing at life，I wanted to do .
3.李林来到美国时，没有工作，没有朋友，还遭受着文化冲击。
，and suffering from culture shock，when arriving in America.
We waited for him in the sun anxiously
something more meaningful
Li Lin was jobless，friendless
4.听到这个坏消息，我们无法控制自己，悲伤的泪水像断了线的珍珠一样顺着我们的脸流下来。
On hearing the bad news，we couldn’t contain ourselves，____________
running down our faces like a broken string of pearls.
5.这个机构定期组织各种各样的活动，鼓励我们说英语的同时多交朋友。
，encouraging us to speak English as well as make more friends.
tears of
sadness
The organization regularly organizes a variety of activities
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文。
One day，I met a man with 1. (disable).He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was 2. (health).He had worked in a car factory for five years，and then an accident left him disabled.Judging from his 3. (express)，he was an optimistic man.I told him that although he was 4. (physical) disabled，his heart was strong，and he could always depend on it.Besides，I have learnt from him that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others，it will not only bring 5. (happy) to you，but it will also be in other people’s hearts forever.
disability
healthy
expression
physically
happiness
返 回
训练4
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The students are studying hard in preparation the coming exam.
2.In fact，the (explore) of space began a long time ago.
3.There is no (prove) that they were the first to arrive at the continent.
4.No matter how serious your mistakes might be， (honest) is always the best policy.
5.It was with (sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
for
exploration
proof
honesty
sincerity
6.Her (cheer) smile brightened up the entire room，filling it with warmth and laughter.
7.His new film， (base) on a true story，has attracted people’s attention.
8.To an extent，a large variety of wild animals have difficulty _____ survival as a result of human activities.
9. (anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
10.So (ambition) was the captain that he was willing to take any risk to achieve his goals.
cheerful
based
with
Anxiously
ambitious
Ⅱ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)
1.上周三，我们买了食物和其他东西来准备徒步旅行。(in preparation for)
Last Wednesday，we bought food and other things ___________________
.
2.星期四，我是最后一个到达目的地的，我没能和朋友们会合。(the last to do)
On Thursday， ，and I failed to join up with my friends.
in preparation for the
hike
I was the last to arrive at the destination
3.实际上，是我记错了时间，我很快意识到我很难赶上他们。(have difficulty in doing)
It turned out that I made a mistake about time，and I soon realized I ____
.
4.天气越来越热，我越来越累，也越来越绝望。(比较级＋and＋比较级)
It got hotter and hotter， .
5.幸运的是，当天下午稍晚时候，我发现山脚下有我的朋友在等我。(完全倒装)
Luckily，later in the afternoon，I found that ________________________
，who were waiting for me.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
had
difficulty catching up with them
and I became more and more tired and hopeless
at the foot of the hill were
my friends
参考范文
Last Wednesday，we bought food and other things in preparation for the hike.On Thursday，I was the last to arrive at the destination，and I failed to join up with my friends.It turned out that I made a mistake about time，and I soon realized I had difficulty catching up with them.It got hotter and hotter，and I became more and more tired and hopeless.Luckily，later in the afternoon，I found that at the foot of the hill were my friends，who were waiting for me.
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
A
(2025·江苏淮安高一上期中)
The Arctic trip with Quark Expeditions is an amazing experience，and I am thankful for it.However，it also makes me realize our presence here sounds pointless in this great setting，like we are visitors from another world.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，主要描述了作者随Quark Expeditions前往北极旅行的经历。
Our 10-day journey explored the Svalbard islands in northern Norway.At our farthest point，the North Pole was still 600 miles away，but I had never been so far north.It felt like we were at the top of the world.
The story of humans in the Norwegian Arctic is all about looting(掠夺) the natural world for fur，coal and other resources(资源).The first recorded visit was by Dutch sailor Willem Barentsz in June 1596，searching for a northeast passage to China.History presenter Federico Gargiulo explained that this discovery put the Arctic on the map.That attracted people to come and try to take those resources.
Today，there are environmental controls on visiting this area.On our first day，we watched videos that laid down the law: Do not touch or take anything，and stay with your armed guide for protection from polar bears.We also washed our shoes and feet before boarding or leaving the ship to make the land free of pollution.
Tourists pay a lot and travel far to see Arctic wildlife.On our last night，we finally got a close-up of a polar bear.Everyone rushed to the decks(甲板) with cameras.We saw the bear swimming towards us，and as it got closer，we could make out its black eyes and rounded ears.
Quark Expeditions’ guides are experienced in different fields.I learned a lot from them.The guide Austin Hart’s words impressed me: “It’s not much of a human planet.Dinosaurs were around for 180 million years.I don’t know if humans have that long.” As I stood among ice and snowy mountains，this made me feel unbelievably small.
1.Why did Willem Barentsz come to the Norwegian Arctic
A.To draw a map of Norway.
B.To find a northeast path to China.
C.To explore the local history.
D.To search for a passage to Holland.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The first recorded visit was by Dutch sailor Willem Barentsz in June 1596，searching for a northeast passage to China.”可知，Willem Barentsz来挪威北极地区是为了找到一条通往中国的东北通道，故选B。
解析
2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Strict rules on visiting the Arctic.
B.The rising number of tourists.
C.The measures to protect wildlife.
D.Useful tips on watching birds.
√
段落大意题。根据第四段“Today，there are environmental controls on visiting this area.On our first day，we watched videos that laid down the law：Do not touch or take anything...”可知，本段主要是讲参观北极的严格规定，故选A。
解析
3.How does the author feel after the journey
A.Our presence fits in with the planet.
B.It’s too cold on the Svalbard islands.
C.Human beings are tiny in this world.
D.We must stop using natural resources.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As I stood among ice and snowy mountains，this made me feel unbelievably small.”可知，作者在这次旅行后感觉人类在这个世界上是如此渺小，故选C。
解析
4.Where is this text probably taken from
A.A history book.
B.A news report.
C.A research paper.
D.A travel magazine.
√
文章出处题。根据第一段“The Arctic trip with Quark Expeditions is an amazing experience...”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者随Quark Expeditions前往北极旅行的经历，所以这篇文章可能出现在旅游杂志中。故选D。
解析
B
Scientists agree glacial melting is linked to climate change caused by human activity.Each year in the Swiss Alps，a group of residents(居民) makes its way to the Rh ne Glacier to cover up the ice in huge white blankets that reflect the sun to prevent melting.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们为防止或减缓冰川融化所做出的努力，包括使用巨大白色毯子覆盖冰川、在海底建造土石堆以减缓或防止冰川崩塌，以及提出用人造雪覆盖冰川等方案。
The blankets might seem like a quick fix，but they could reduce seasonal melting by up to 70 percent.The residents near the Swiss glacier have used the blankets every summer for the last eight years.It’s a popular tourist destination，but the ice has been melting over the last 10 years.About 131 feet of the roughly 5-mile-long glacier have disappeared in that time.
And it’s not the only effort to stop or slow glacial melting.Scientists are now proposing higher-tech solutions to further slow the impact of global warming on glacial ice around the world.One idea is to build mounds(土石堆) of sand and stone underwater at the mouth of at-risk glaciers near the sea，such as Thwaites Glacier in the Antarctic.The walls，which would stretch(延伸) for miles on the sea floor，would slow or prevent their collapse.
Robinson Meyer explained that if these mounds work，glaciers that would otherwise collapse in 100 years could last for another millennium(千年). The proposal would not only protect the glacier but also hold off sea-level rise by preventing the melt water from entering the ocean.
Last year，another group of scientists came up with a plan to cover a part of glaciers in the Swiss Alps with artificial(人工的) snow.The idea was a higher-tech version of the huge blankets; both the blankets and the snow reflect the sun rather than absorbing it.Unlike the use of blankets to protect ice，these ideas are still hypothetical.So whether these fixes have any real potential on a large，real-life scale remains to be seen.
5.What do we know about the white blanket way according to the text
A.Effective and quick.
B.Convenient but costly.
C.Approachable but fancy.
D.Adaptive but impractical.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The blankets might seem like a quick fix，but they could reduce seasonal melting by up to 70 percent.”可知，白色毯子方法虽然看起来是一个权宜之计，但却非常有效，能大幅减少冰川的季节性融化。因此，白色毯子的方式是“有效且快速”的。故选A项。
解析
6.How would scientists protect Thwaites Glacier
A.Prevent sea water from covering up glaciers.
B.Apply new technology to reducing global warming.
C.Build walls at the meeting point of the glacier and the sea.
D.Expand seashore and sea floor around and in the Antarctic.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One idea is to build mounds(土石堆) of sand and stone underwater at the mouth of at-risk glaciers near the sea...The walls，which would stretch(延伸)...slow or prevent their collapse.”可知，科学家保护斯韦茨冰川的方法是在靠近海洋的危险的冰川口建造水下沙石堆。这些墙将在海底延伸数英里，以减缓或防止冰川崩塌。故选C项。
解析
7.How many ways to slow glaciers melting are introduced in the text
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
√
细节理解题。通读全文，根据第一段中的“to cover up the ice in huge white blankets...”；第三段中的“One idea is to build mounds(土石堆) of sand and stone underwater...”和最后一段中的“to cover a part of glaciers ...with artificial(人工的) snow”可知，文中共介绍了三种减缓冰川融化的方法：用白色毯子覆盖冰川、在海底建造土石堆以减缓或防止冰川崩塌和用人工雪覆盖冰川。故选B项。
解析
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Artificial snow can absorb more sunlight.
B.These strategies have been put into practical use.
C.New technology could cause more glaciers melting.
D.The blankets and snow fixes are based on a similar rule.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The idea was a higher-tech version of the huge blankets; both the blankets and the snow reflect the sun rather than absorbing it.”可知，无论是用毯子还是用人造雪，其原理都是反射阳光，而不是吸收阳光，从而减缓冰川的融化。故推知，毯子和雪的修复方法是基于相似的原理。故选D项。
解析
Ⅳ.七选五
(2025·湖北武汉高一上期中)
Many animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year.This annual movement is called migration.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙以及人类活动是导致其数量下降的主要原因，最后作者呼吁大家行动起来保护这种美丽的生物。
1 One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.
A.However，until recently no one knew how they did this.
B.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.
C.They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.
D.In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.
E.If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
F.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
G.The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.
√
根据前文“This annual movement is called migration.”和后文“One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.”可知，空前对迁徙做出了解释，空后进一步提到了黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙，C项“它们迁徙是为了寻找食物，寻找伴侣，或者寻找温暖的天气”是对前文的进一步解释，并引出下文。故选C项。
解析
Every autumn，millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey.Somehow they manage to travel around 4,000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico.
2
A.However，until recently no one knew how they did this.
B.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.
C.They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.
D.In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.
E.If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
F.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
G.The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.
√
上文提到的“begin a long and difficult journey”说明这些蝴蝶开始了漫长又艰难的旅行，下文则提到一个科学家团队找到了答案，由此可知，空处承上启下，对黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙方式提出疑问。A项“然而直到最近，才有人知道它们是如何做到这一点的”承接上文，引出下文。故选A项。
解析
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. 3 It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.
A.However，until recently no one knew how they did this.
B.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.
C.They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.
D.In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.
E.If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
F.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
G.The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.
√
根据空后“It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.”可知，后文解释了蝴蝶如何知道每天的时间和路程的方向。B项“他们发现黑脉金斑蝶能够辨别一天中的时间”照应下文中的“the time of day”，故选B项。
解析
These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually，it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
4 Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the last few years.
A.However，until recently no one knew how they did this.
B.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.
C.They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.
D.In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.
E.If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
F.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
G.The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.
√
空后“Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the last few years.”说明在过去的几年里，黑脉金斑蝶的数量减少了90%。F项“解开黑脉金斑蝶惊人能力之谜的方法出现在它陷入严重危机的时候”符合语境，引出下文，空后是对“in serious trouble”的解释，故选F项。
解析
Sadly，human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.In many of the places where the butterfly can be found，people are destroying the natural environment.They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars(毛虫) eat.
The research on the monarch’s behavior has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on.
5 The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
A.However，until recently no one knew how they did this.
B.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.
C.They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.
D.In recent years it has become ever more apparent that monarch butterflies are in rapid decline.
E.If this works，there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
F.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
G.The entire journey happens in a few weeks as monarchs flock to the sky for their unbelievable migration.
√
空前“People have been working together...feed on.说明了人类为保护黑脉金斑蝶采取的措施，E项“如果这有效，那么黑脉金斑蝶的数量可能会再次增加”承接上文，this指代上文对黑脉金斑蝶的保护措施，此处是保护的效果。故选E项。
解析
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2025·浙江宁波高一上期中)
We are on a hike on the plains of Xizang to observe Tibetan antelopes，a species 1. once faced serious threats from illegal hunting and habitat 2. (lose).
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在西藏平原徒步观察藏羚羊的经历，介绍了藏羚羊曾面临的威胁，以及为了保护藏羚羊，中国政府所采取的措施。
which/that
loss/losses
1.考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a species，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，所以空处需用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。故填which/that。
2.考查名词。空处为介词from的宾语，应用所给词lose的名词形式loss，意为“丧失；损失”，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，此处可用其复数形式losses表示多处栖息地的丧失，故填loss/losses。
解析
Valued for their fur，they were mercilessly hunted and killed.Besides，some of their habitats gave way 3. new roads and railways.In the 1980s and 1990s，their population dropped sharply by over 50%.
to
考查介词。give way to为固定短语，意为“被……替代；为……所取代”。故填to。
解析
In order to prevent Tibetan antelopes from 4. (die) out，the Chinese government set up the Changtang National Nature Reserve and took a series of measures，such as building bridges and gates on the plains 5. (help) them move freely and safely.
dying
to help
4.考查非谓语动词。prevent sb/sth from doing sth为固定短语，意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”。故填dying。
5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to help。
解析
Moreover，volunteers like Zhaxi，our local guide，were asked to conduct round-the-clock patrols(巡逻).Zhaxi considers 6. land sacred，believing protecting the wildlife 7. (be) important not only for the animals but also for the people there.
the
is
6.考查冠词。land为可数名词，此处表特指，所以用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
7.考查动词时态和主谓一致。believing后为省略that的宾语从句，设空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述事实应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
解析
These efforts proved to be 8. (effect).Starting from 2015，Tibetan antelopes were no longer an endangered species.However，the government continues the protection programs，as the species still faces some threats.
effective
考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语，描述主语These efforts，effect的形容词形式为effective，意为“有效的”。故填effective。
解析
We should realize that although great progress 9. (make) in protecting wildlife in the past years，much remains to be done.We must learn to live in harmony with nature if we want to 10. (true) save our planet.
has been made
truly
9.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。make在句中作谓语动词，且根据时间状语in the past years可知应用现在完成时，并且make与主语great progress构成被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，great progress为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been made。
10.考查副词。根据句意，空处修饰动词save，作状语，应用副词形式，true的副词形式为truly。故填truly。
解析
返 回
本课结束
