Period 3 Grammar and usage—Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成文后的练习
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
So，if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep，it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
以上加黑的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，它们分别是：when，where，why。这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系副词要用 when，如：①③；如果先行词是reason，关系副词要用 why，如：②；如果先行词是表示地点的名词或抽象的地点名词如situation，stage等时，关系副词要用 where，如：④。
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I was under a lot of pressure.
曾有一段时间我压力很大。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I played the piano for the first time.
我永远不会忘记我第一次弹钢琴的那一天。
2．关系副词where
where引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the guy works is not far from here.
这个小伙子工作的办公室离这里不远。
[疑难点津] 有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
You would get into a position where you have to decide immediately.
你会陷入一个必须立即做出决定的境地。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语等成分时，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作直接宾语)
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．This is the reason why I passed out that day.
2．Do you still remember the day when I first saw you
3．I’ll never forget the day when I was attacked by a shark.
4．The picture called up the days that/which we spent together.
5．The main reason why he got the job in that company was his hard work.
6．The reason that/which he told me for his being late was that he got up late.
7．The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.
8．After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village where he grew up.
Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子
1．他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason why he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2．你可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店步行就能到。
You can visit the City Museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.
3．那时我还不明白死亡意味着什么。
It was a time when I didn’t understand what death meant.
4．他们现在处于必须做计划的境地。
They are now in a situation where they have to make a plan.
作业3 Grammar and usage
[分值：74.5分]
Ⅰ.用定语从句合并句子(共4小题；每小题3分，满分12分)
1．I didn’t perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.
The reason why I didn’t perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
2．I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.
I miss those days when I used to sleep really well.
3．The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.
The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
4．I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能地运用定语从句(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.which often organizes various activities for us students(体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动)．
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2.where students can take exercise or practise their skills(在学校体育馆学生可以锻炼或者练习他们的技能)．At weekends，it is available for all students 3.who are interested in sports events(对体育赛事感兴趣的)．The reason 4.why we like the Sports Club(我们喜欢体育俱乐部的) is that it enriches our campus life.
All in all，all of us can do a moderate amount of exercise every day,5.through which we can strengthen our body(通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质)．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·江苏南通高一上期中)
Many of us start exercising in the hope of losing unwanted pounds.Unquestionably，aiming to be more active is a good thing.But if the main reason is to lose weight，your resolution could very well come to nothing.
For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.Take walking for example.A 150-pound person who walks for 30 minutes will burn，on average，around 140 calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
When exercise is added to a diet，the results are equally unimpressive.Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.At 12 months，the diet-and-exercise combination showed a positive change，but it was slight—about 4 pounds on average.
In studies where exercise has produced meaningful weight loss，participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that，a 150-pound person would need to walk a minimum of 90 minutes or run 30 minutes per day.In short，sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to make that much effort，our bodies often compensate by boosting desire for food and slowing down metabolism(新陈代谢)，which over time limits how many pounds we lose.
When exercise fails to meet our weight-loss expectations，we often stop working out.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into punishment—a price we have to pay for a slimmer body.How many times have you heard someone say “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much We treat exercise as a form of self-punishment for being “bad”．In this case，we’re unlikely to keep doing it for very long.The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了以减肥为主要目的的锻炼往往效果不佳，并分析了其中的原因。
1．What does the underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Necessary. B．Fruitless.
C．Basic. D．Painful.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Take walking for example.A 150-pound person...investment of time and effort.”可知，步行30分钟所消耗的热量很少，回报并不大。这是对上文“For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.”的举例说明，由此推知，画线词意思为“无效的，徒劳的”，与Fruitless同义。故选B项。
2．What happens when you run 30 minutes on a daily basis
A．You might eat more than usual.
B．You will burn 500 calories a week.
C．You might have a higher metabolic rate.
D．You will lose about 4 pounds per month.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“To achieve that，a 150-pound...over time limits how many pounds we lose.”可知，当你每天跑步30分钟，你的身体会通过增加对食物的渴望来做出补偿，即你可能会比平时吃得更多。故选A项。
3．Compared with dieting alone，what can we learn about the combination of dieting and exercising
A．It’s less effective than dieting alone.
B．It’s much more useful within six months.
C．It shows little advantage after six months.
D．It displays an impressive advantage after a year.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.”可知，与单独节食相比，节食加运动的组合在六个月后几乎没有优势。故选C项。
4．How can we keep exercising
A．By lowering our expectations.
B．By focusing less on our weight.
C．By sticking to our exercise routine.
D．By paying more attention to our well-being.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.”可知，我们可以通过更关注自己的健康来坚持锻炼。故选D项。
B(此篇精读)
Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century.Whether male or female，people since ancient times have experienced judgement being passed by others based on their appearance，whether in stating preferences for marriage partners，in the securing of a job，or even in offering help to a stranger.
From a biological angle，human beings are able to appreciate their own as well as the outer appearance of others.This has its basis in the physical world around us，where many living things found in nature are closely linked to the perfection that the golden ratio(黄金比例) shows.So，the pure physical perfection in the build of a male happens when the shoulder-to-waist ratio of a man is equal to 1.618，the golden ratio.Bodybuilders thus train to get a perfect figure in males.Likewise，women try to have an hourglass figure，through whatever ways，whether by dieting and exercise，or through make-up or plastic surgery.
However，is beauty an objective feature or a subjective one considered through the “eye of the beholder”？ Research carried out worldwide on beauty shows that the way people view beauty differs across time and culture.Hardly any common features exist across all cultures.This completely explains that cultural evaluations of beauty greatly differ.
Indeed，to borrow the words of the great poet，John Keats，“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”，as long as we，as a human race，have the power to recognize and appreciate different forms of beauty in our fellow human beings，we will continue to increase our awareness of aesthetic(美学) and find a reason to admire and value the different aspects of beauty which make each of us uniquely beautiful.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人类对美的衡量标准及其历史、文化差异性。文章强调，只要人类能够认识和欣赏彼此身上不同形式的美，就能不断提升审美意识，并找到理由去欣赏并珍视使每个人独特美丽的不同方面。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The standard of beauty is measurable.
B．People are increasingly worried about appearance.
C．Good-looking people are perfect marriage partners.
D．Physical appearance is important throughout history.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段“Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure...offering help to a stranger.”可知，人类长久以来一直担心美的衡量标准，从古至今，人们的外貌一直是评判的焦点。因此，本段主要讨论的是外貌在历史上一直很重要。故选D。
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning the golden ratio
A．People are born to appreciate appearance.
B．Many living things in nature are perfect.
C．Men try different ways to build up strength.
D．Women get into shape by dieting and exercise.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“From a biological angle，human beings...that the golden ratio(黄金比例) shows.”可知，从生物学角度来说，人类欣赏自己和他人外貌的能力是有基础的，即我们周围的物理世界——自然界中的许多生物都与黄金比例所展现的完美紧密相连。因此，作者提到黄金比例是想表明人们天生就具有欣赏外貌的能力。故选A。
7．What does the author probably agree
A．We can judge a book by its cover.
B．Evaluations of beauty are unchangeable.
C．Beauty standards are closely related to culture.
D．Beautiful face excuses someone from punishment.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research carried out worldwide...evaluations of beauty greatly differ.”可知，不同的文化对于美的看法大不相同，由此推断作者可能同意美的标准与文化密切相关。故选C。
8．What is stressed in the last paragraph
A．Poems have the power to express beauty.
B．Human beings have the right to create beauty.
C．Beauty can be found in different aesthetic standards.
D．Different aspects of our life are affected by aesthetic.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Indeed，to borrow the words...make each of us uniquely beautiful.”可知，只要我们人类有能力认识和欣赏彼此身上不同形式的美，我们就能持续提高美学意识、欣赏美的不同方面。因此，本段强调的是在不同的审美标准中都可以发现美。故选C。
[词汇积累] 1．judgement(派)＝judge＋ment n．评价，判断 2．appearance(派)＝appear＋ance n．外貌 3．state v．陈述(本文为此义) n．状态 4．preference(派)＝prefer＋ence n．偏爱，偏好 5．objective adj.客观的→(反)subjective adj.主观的 [句式分析] Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century. 分析：that引导限制性定语从句，and连接两个并列的分句。 翻译：美丽只是肤浅的，但对美的衡量标准却是长期以来困扰人类的问题，而且这在21世纪仍然是一个热门话题。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东省实验中学高一上期中)
Daniel Shore，the chair of Georgetown’s English Department，said that his students have trouble staying focused on even a sonnet(十四行诗)．A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had no problem taking part in complex discussions of Pride and Prejudice one week and Crime and Punishment the next. 1
2 But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.Anthony，a Princeton historian，said his students arrive on campus with a narrower vocabulary and less understanding of language than they used to have.Jack Chen，a Chinese-literature professor at the University of Virginia，finds his students less able to stick to a challenging text than they used to be.
Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction suggests one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices. 3 After all，reading books，even for fun，can’t compete with social platforms where appealing videos and pictures suck viewers in.
Young adults appear to see fewer books in the classrooms as well.Educational measures emphasize informational texts and standardized tests.There is no testing skill that can be related to.Can you sit down and read Tolstoy If a skill is not easily measured，instructors are not always pushed to teach it. 4 Some top private schools seem to be slower to shift away from reading complete volumes.
Deep reading stimulates valuable mental habits，including critical thinking and self-reflection，in ways that reading short passages does not. 5 They transport readers into the minds of someone who lived hundreds of years ago or a person who lived in a different culture.
A．No complete data exist on this trend.
B．Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C．These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D．Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E．But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F．This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G．Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要分析了现在学生阅读能力和阅读兴趣下降的现象，及其原因，并说明了深度阅读的好处。
1．答案 D
解析 根据前文“A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had...Crime and Punishment the next.”可知，前文提到十年前Daniel Shore的学生能够阅读并讨论复杂的文学作品，D选项描述现状，与前文形成了对比，符合语境，故选D。
2．答案 A
解析 根据后文“But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.”可知，阅读能力下降实际上是一个普遍的现象。A选项指出没有关于这一趋势的完整数据，与后文构成转折，故选A。
3．答案 F
解析 根据前文“...one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices.”可知，青少年沉迷于智能手机是导致青少年阅读能力下降的常见解释。F选项承接前文，指出沉迷手机导致学生很少读书，其中的This指代前文的“沉迷于手机”，故选F。
4．答案 E
解析 根据前文“Educational measures...to teach it.”可知，教育措施强调信息文本和标准化测试，而不太重视阅读技能的培养。E选项中的this upsetting phenomenon指代前文的“教育措施不太重视阅读技能的培养”的现象，同时a comforting practice引出下文讲的仍有一些顶尖的私立学校在重视阅读。故选E。
5．答案 B
解析 根据前文“Deep reading stimulates...passages does not.”可知，此处强调深度阅读可以激发宝贵的思维习惯。B选项强调书籍还可以培养理解他人的能力，进一步说明了深度阅读的重要性，且引出下文说明书籍带读者了解他人的思想，选项中的books是下文中的They的指代对象。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
(2025·湖南长沙高一上期中)
In ancient China，beauty was a complex concept that went beyond mere physical appearance.It was not just about 1. (look) good；beauty was also about being good inside.Many ideas about beauty came from Confucian philosophy 2. a person’s moral virtues and inner qualities were the true reflections of beauty.
In the past，fair skin and delicate features 3. (prefer) because they showed that a person was noble and did not work outside.These ideas 4. (change) over time but still affect today’s ideas about beauty.For instance，fair skin is still often associated with elegance and refinement in many cultures.
Women in ancient China used special beauty routines 5. (make) themselves look beautiful.They used things like rice powder for fair skin and natural products for 6. nice look.These routines were not only about enhancing physical beauty but also about maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle.
In different times,7. people thought about beauty was different.For example，during the Tang Dynasty，a fuller figure was seen as 8. (attract) because it showed health.Later，the Song Dynasty favored a 9. (slim) look.
In short，ancient Chinese ideas of beauty were more than skin deep.They mixed the way people looked 10. who they were on the inside.These ideas are still important today.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了古代中国对美的看法。
1．答案 looking
解析 考查非谓语动词。空前为介词about，设空处为动名词作宾语。故填looking。
2．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句且在该从句中作地点状语。故填where。
3．答案 were preferred
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为主句的谓语动词，和主语fair skin and delicate features之间是被动关系，根据时间状语In the past可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，故设空处用一般过去时的被动语态；主语ideas为复数，be动词用were。故填were preferred。
4．答案 have changed
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语over time可知，句子的时态为现在完成时；主语ideas为复数，助动词用have。故填have changed。
5．答案 to make
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处用动词不定式表示目的。故填to make。
6．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。look为名词单数，表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且nice的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
7．答案 what
解析 考查主语从句。设空处引导主语从句且在从句中作表物的宾语，应用what。故填what。
8．答案 attractive
解析 考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作补语。故填attractive。
9．答案 slimmer
解析 考查形容词的比较级。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰空后的名词，根据上句中的fuller可知，设空处应用slim的比较级。故填slimmer。
10．答案 and
解析 考查连词。the way people looked和who they were on the inside为并列的宾语，应用and连接。故填and。(共62张PPT)
Period 3
Looking good，feeling good
Unit 4
Grammar and usage—Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs
内容索引
情境导读
语法精讲
作业3
达标检测
情境导读
阅读以下短文，感知加颜色部分，并完成文后的练习
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
So，if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep，it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
以上加颜色的定语从句的关系词都是关系副词，它们分别是：__________
_____________。这些词在从句中都作状语，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，关系副词要用_______，如：_______；如果先行词是reason，关系副词要用_______，如：______；如果先行词是表示地点的名词或抽象的地点名词如situation，stage等时，关系副词要用_______ ，如：_____ 。
when，
where，why
when
①③
why
②
where
④
返 回
语法精讲
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I was under a lot of pressure.
曾有一段时间我压力很大。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I played the piano for the first time.
我永远不会忘记我第一次弹钢琴的那一天。
2.关系副词where
where引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the guy works is not far from here.
这个小伙子工作的办公室离这里不远。
[疑难点津]有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
You would get into a position where you have to decide immediately.
你会陷入一个必须立即做出决定的境地。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语等成分时，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作直接宾语)
返 回
达标检测
1.This is the reason _____ I passed out that day.
2.Do you still remember the day ______ I first saw you
3.I’ll never forget the day ______ I was attacked by a shark.
4.The picture called up the days __________ we spent together.
5.The main reason ______ he got the job in that company was his hard work.
6.The reason _____________ he told me for his being late was that he got up late.
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
why
when
when
that/which
why
that/which
7.The accident has reached to the point ______ both their parents are to be called in.
8.After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village ________ he grew up.
where
where
1.他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason _______________________ was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2.你可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店步行就能到。
You can visit the City Museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel ______________.
3.那时我还不明白死亡意味着什么。
It was a time _______________________________________.
4.他们现在处于必须做计划的境地。
They are now in a situation _____________________________.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子
返 回
why he was late for work
where you stay
when I didn’t understand what death meant
where they have to make a plan
作业3
1.I didn’t perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.
_______________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.用定语从句合并句子
The reason why I didn’t perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
I miss those days when I used to sleep really well.
3.The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.______________________________________________
________ (体育俱乐部经常为我们学生组织各种各样的活动).
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2.___________________
_______________________________(在学校体育馆学生可以锻炼或者练习他们的技能).At weekends，it is available for all students 3.____________
_______________________(对体育赛事感兴趣的).The reason 4.___________
_______________(我们喜欢体育俱乐部的) is that it enriches our campus life.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能地运用定语从句
which often organizes various activities for us
students
where students can
take exercise or practise their skills
who are
interested in sports events
why we like
the Sports Club
All in all，all of us can do a moderate amount of exercise every day, 5.______________________________________(通过锻炼我们可以增强我们的体质).
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
through which we can strengthen our body
A
(2025·江苏南通高一上期中)
Many of us start exercising in the hope of losing unwanted pounds.Unquestionably，aiming to be more active is a good thing.But if the main reason is to lose weight，your resolution could very well come to nothing.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了以减肥为主要目的的锻炼往往效果不佳，并分析了其中的原因。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.Take walking for example.A 150-pound person who walks for 30 minutes will burn，on average，around 140 calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
When exercise is added to a diet，the results are equally unimpressive.Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.At 12 months，the diet-and-exercise combination showed a positive change，but it was slight—about 4 pounds on average.
In studies where exercise has produced meaningful weight loss，participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that，a 150-pound person would need to walk a minimum of 90 minutes or run 30 minutes per day.In short，sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to make that much effort，our bodies often compensate by boosting desire for food and slowing down metabolism(新陈代谢)，which over time limits how many pounds we lose.
When exercise fails to meet our weight-loss expectations，we often stop working out.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into punishment—a price we have to pay for a slimmer body.How many times have you heard someone say “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much We treat exercise as a form of self-punishment for being “bad”.In this case，we’re unlikely to keep doing it for very long.The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.
1.What does the underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Necessary. B.Fruitless.
C.Basic. D.Painful.
√
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Take walking for example.A 150-pound person...investment of time and effort.”可知，步行30分钟所消耗的热量很少，回报并不大。这是对上文“For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.”的举例说明，由此推知，画线词意思为“无效的，徒劳的”，与Fruitless同义。故选B项。
解析
2.What happens when you run 30 minutes on a daily basis
A.You might eat more than usual.
B.You will burn 500 calories a week.
C.You might have a higher metabolic rate.
D.You will lose about 4 pounds per month.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中“To achieve that，a 150-pound...over time limits how many pounds we lose.”可知，当你每天跑步30分钟，你的身体会通过增加对食物的渴望来做出补偿，即你可能会比平时吃得更多。故选A项。
解析
3.Compared with dieting alone，what can we learn about the combination of dieting and exercising
A.It’s less effective than dieting alone.
B.It’s much more useful within six months.
C.It shows little advantage after six months.
D.It displays an impressive advantage after a year.
√
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.”可知，与单独节食相比，节食加运动的组合在六个月后几乎没有优势。故选C项。
解析
4.How can we keep exercising
A.By lowering our expectations.
B.By focusing less on our weight.
C.By sticking to our exercise routine.
D.By paying more attention to our well-being.
√
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.”可知，我们可以通过更关注自己的健康来坚持锻炼。故选D项。
解析
B(此篇精读)
Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century.Whether male or female，people since ancient times have experienced judgement being passed by others based on their appearance，whether in stating preferences for marriage partners，in the securing of a job，or even in offering help to a stranger.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人类对美的衡量标准及其历史、文化差异性。文章强调，只要人类能够认识和欣赏彼此身上不同形式的美，就能不断提升审美意识，并找到理由去欣赏并珍视使每个人独特美丽的不同方面。
From a biological angle，human beings are able to appreciate their own as well as the outer appearance of others.This has its basis in the physical world around us，where many living things found in nature are closely linked to the perfection that the golden ratio(黄金比例) shows.So，the pure physical perfection in the build of a male happens when the shoulder-to-waist ratio of a man is equal to 1.618，the golden ratio. Bodybuilders thus train to get a perfect figure in males.Likewise，women try to have an hourglass figure，through whatever ways，whether by dieting and exercise，or through make-up or plastic surgery.
However，is beauty an objective feature or a subjective one considered through the “eye of the beholder”？ Research carried out worldwide on beauty shows that the way people view beauty differs across time and culture.Hardly any common features exist across all cultures.This completely explains that cultural evaluations of beauty greatly differ.
Indeed，to borrow the words of the great poet，John Keats，“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”，as long as we，as a human race，have the power to recognize and appreciate different forms of beauty in our fellow human beings，we will continue to increase our awareness of aesthetic(美学) and find a reason to admire and value the different aspects of beauty which make each of us uniquely beautiful.
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.The standard of beauty is measurable.
B.People are increasingly worried about appearance.
C.Good-looking people are perfect marriage partners.
D.Physical appearance is important throughout history.
√
段落大意题。根据第一段“Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure... offering help to a stranger.”可知，人类长久以来一直担心美的衡量标准，从古至今，人们的外貌一直是评判的焦点。因此，本段主要讨论的是外貌在历史上一直很重要。故选D。
解析
6.What does the author want to show by mentioning the golden ratio
A.People are born to appreciate appearance.
B.Many living things in nature are perfect.
C.Men try different ways to build up strength.
D.Women get into shape by dieting and exercise.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中“From a biological angle，human beings... that the golden ratio(黄金比例) shows.”可知，从生物学角度来说，人类欣赏自己和他人外貌的能力是有基础的，即我们周围的物理世界——自然界中的许多生物都与黄金比例所展现的完美紧密相连。因此，作者提到黄金比例是想表明人们天生就具有欣赏外貌的能力。故选A。
解析
7.What does the author probably agree
A.We can judge a book by its cover.
B.Evaluations of beauty are unchangeable.
C.Beauty standards are closely related to culture.
D.Beautiful face excuses someone from punishment.
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research carried out worldwide... evaluations of beauty greatly differ.”可知，不同的文化对于美的看法大不相同，由此推断作者可能同意美的标准与文化密切相关。故选C。
解析
√
8.What is stressed in the last paragraph
A.Poems have the power to express beauty.
B.Human beings have the right to create beauty.
C.Beauty can be found in different aesthetic standards.
D.Different aspects of our life are affected by aesthetic.
√
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Indeed，to borrow the words...make each of us uniquely beautiful.”可知，只要我们人类有能力认识和欣赏彼此身上不同形式的美，我们就能持续提高美学意识、欣赏美的不同方面。因此，本段强调的是在不同的审美标准中都可以发现美。故选C。
解析
1.judgement(派)＝judge＋ment n.评价，判断
2.appearance(派)＝appear＋ance n.外貌
3.state v.陈述(本文为此义) n.状态
4.preference(派)＝prefer＋ence n.偏爱，偏好
5.objective adj.客观的→(反)subjective adj.主观的
词汇积累
Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century.
分析：that引导限制性定语从句，and连接两个并列的分句。
翻译：美丽只是肤浅的，但对美的衡量标准却是长期以来困扰人类的问题，而且这在21世纪仍然是一个热门话题。
句式分析
(2025·山东省实验中学高一上期中)
Daniel Shore，the chair of Georgetown’s English Department，said that his students have trouble staying focused on even a sonnet(十四行诗).
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要分析了现在学生阅读能力和阅读兴趣下降的现象，及其原因，并说明了深度阅读的好处。
Ⅳ.七选五阅读
A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had no problem taking part in complex discussions of Pride and Prejudice one week and Crime and Punishment the next. 1
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根据前文“A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had...Crime and Punishment the next.”可知，前文提到十年前Daniel Shore的学生能够阅读并讨论复杂的文学作品，D选项描述现状，与前文形成了对比，符合语境，故选D。
解析
2 But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.Anthony，a Princeton historian，said his students arrive on campus with a narrower vocabulary and less understanding of language than they used to have.Jack Chen，a Chinese-literature professor at the University of Virginia，finds his students less able to stick to a challenging text than they used to be.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根据后文“But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.”可知，阅读能力下降实际上是一个普遍的现象。A选项指出没有关于这一趋势的完整数据，与后文构成转折，故选A。
解析
Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction suggests one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices. 3 After all，reading books，even for fun，can’t compete with social platforms where appealing videos and pictures suck viewers in.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根据前文“...one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices.”可知，青少年沉迷于智能手机是导致青少年阅读能力下降的常见解释。F选项承接前文，指出沉迷手机导致学生很少读书，其中的This指代前文的“沉迷于手机”，故选F。
解析
Young adults appear to see fewer books in the classrooms as well.Educational measures emphasize informational texts and standardized tests.There is no testing skill that can be related to.Can you sit down and read Tolstoy If a skill is not easily measured，instructors are not always pushed to teach it. 4 Some top private schools seem to be slower to shift away from reading complete volumes.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根据前文“Educational measures...to teach it.”可知，教育措施强调信息文本和标准化测试，而不太重视阅读技能的培养。E选项中的this upsetting phenomenon指代前文的“教育措施不太重视阅读技能的培养”的现象，同时a comforting practice引出下文讲的仍有一些顶尖的私立学校在重视阅读。故选E。
解析
Deep reading stimulates valuable mental habits，including critical thinking and self-reflection，in ways that reading short passages does not. 5 They transport readers into the minds of someone who lived hundreds of years ago or a person who lived in a different culture.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根据前文“Deep reading stimulates...passages does not.”可知，此处强调深度阅读可以激发宝贵的思维习惯。B选项强调书籍还可以培养理解他人的能力，进一步说明了深度阅读的重要性，且引出下文说明书籍带读者了解他人的思想，选项中的books是下文中的They的指代对象。故选B。
解析
(2025·湖南长沙高一上期中)
In ancient China，beauty was a complex concept that went beyond mere physical appearance.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了古代中国对美的看法。
Ⅴ.语法填空
It was not just about 1._________(look) good；beauty was also about being good inside.Many ideas about beauty came from Confucian philosophy 2. ________ a person’s moral virtues and inner qualities were the true reflections of beauty.
looking
where
1.考查非谓语动词。空前为介词about，设空处为动名词作宾语。故填looking。
2.考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句且在该从句中作地点状语。故填where。
解析
In the past，fair skin and delicate features 3. (prefer) because they showed that a person was noble and did not work outside.
were preferred
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为主句的谓语动词，和主语fair skin and delicate features之间是被动关系，根据时间状语In the past可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，故设空处用一般过去时的被动语态；主语ideas为复数，be动词用were。故填were preferred。
解析
These ideas 4. (change) over time but still affect today’s ideas about beauty.For instance，fair skin is still often associated with elegance and refinement in many cultures.
have changed
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语over time可知，句子的时态为现在完成时；主语ideas为复数，助动词用have。故填have changed。
解析
Women in ancient China used special beauty routines 5.__________ (make) themselves look beautiful.They used things like rice powder for fair skin and natural products for 6._____ nice look.These routines were not only about enhancing physical beauty but also about maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle.
to make
a
5.考查非谓语动词。设空处用动词不定式表示目的。故填to make。
6.考查冠词。look为名词单数，表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且nice的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
解析
In different times,7.______people thought about beauty was different. For example，during the Tang Dynasty，a fuller figure was seen as 8.__________ (attract) because it showed health.Later，the Song Dynasty favored a 9. __________(slim) look.
what
attractive
slimmer
7.考查主语从句。设空处引导主语从句且在从句中作表物的宾语，应用what。故填what。
8.考查形容词。设空处应用形容词作补语。故填attractive。
9.考查形容词的比较级。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰空后的名词，根据上句中的fuller可知，设空处应用slim的比较级。故填slimmer。
解析
In short，ancient Chinese ideas of beauty were more than skin deep.They mixed the way people looked 10. who they were on the inside.These ideas are still important today.
and
考查连词。the way people looked和who they were on the inside为并列的宾语，应用and连接。故填and。
解析
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本课结束
