Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
Grammar——动词不定式作主语和表语
一、动词不定式(短语)作主语
通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作,并且句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。常见的不定式作主语的情况主要有三类:
1.不定式直接作主语
[先感知]
①To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(人教选三U2)
②To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.(外研选三U5)
③To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(译林选一U1)
[会发现] 句①②中,主语分别是不定式To prevent harmful habits和To use biomimicry,谓语动词是is;句③中,主语是不定式To get there,谓语是will take。
[明规则] 需要注意的是,动名词也可以作主语,但由于上述句子所表达的是一种个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作,所以只能采用不定式作主语。
为了更好地理解不定式作主语与动名词作主语的基本区别,特举例如下:
Smoking in public places is not good.
在公共场所吸烟不好。
本句采用动名词作主语,表示动作经常反复发生,而不是只针对某一次。
相反,之前不定式作主语的例句中,不定式所表达的是具体的、个别的、一次性的动作,而非经常反复性的动作。
2.it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语
[先感知]
①It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.(北师必一U1)
②It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time,not just on social media.(北师必一U1)
③It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.(译林选一U1)
④It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.(外研选三U5)
[会发现] 句①②③④中,it代替不定式作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。
[明规则] 若不定式太长,则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语,不定式移至句尾,以使句子结构平衡。it作形式主语时,常有以下几种情况:
①It+be+形容词+(for/of sb) to do sth (sb是 to do 的逻辑主语)
It’s necessary for you to read more to expand your knowledge.
你有必要多读书来扩大你的知识面。
It was kind of Alan to give up his seat on the bus to the old woman.
艾伦真善良,在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。
温馨提示:介词用of还是for
在“It+be+形容词+(for/of sb) to do sth,”句型中,for和of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语,其区别为:如果形容词描述的是人的特征、品格(如kind,rude,polite,clever等),介词用of。
②It+be+名词(短语)+to do sth
[常用名词(短语)有fun、a pleasure、a fact、good/bad manners、my honour等]
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
③It takes (sb)some time/money to do sth.
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上,我做家庭作业用了一个多小时。
3.“特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语
[先感知]
①When to start has not been decided yet.(人教选二U2)
②Now,how to spend the next three years more wisely is a new challenge for me.(北师必一U1)
③So,how to reveal this hidden dimension is not decided.(译林选一U4)
[会发现] 句①②③中,采用“特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语。
[明规则] 常见的特殊疑问词有:what、who、which、when、where、why、how等。采用“特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语,句子谓语同样采用第三人称单数形式。如:
How to finish the work is a question.
如何完成这项工作,是一个问题。
Where to finish the work is a question.
去哪里完成这项工作,是一个问题。
Why to finish the work is a question.
为什么要去完成这项工作,是一个问题。
小题集训1 单句语法填空
①To finish(finish) the work before Friday is not so easy.
②How to relieve(relieve) the pain is a question.
③It’s also important for parents to know (know) which apps their children are using.
④It is great fun to play (play) football with teachers in our spare time.
⑤It takes me a long time to finish(finish) the project so that I feel too tired to walk any further.
⑥It is worthwhile to sum/summing (sum) up the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country,two systems”.
二、动词不定式作表语
[先感知]
①My aim is to do well in every subject this term.(北师必一U1)
②During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.(人教选三U1)
③How can I make for the lost time The only way is to work harder.(译林选一U1)
④Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(外研选三U5)
[会发现] 句①②中,不定式作表语,表示目的。句③④中,不定式作表语,表示事态发展的结果。
[明规则]
1.表示目的。
①The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。
②The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是发展儿童好的品格。
2.表示事态发展的结果,不幸的命运或预言。
①He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave a wife and two children.
后来他在一次船只失事中死了,留下了妻子和两个孩子。
②You must speak out,if we are to remain friends.
如果我们还想继续做朋友的话,你就必须把话都说出来。
③He went to the station,only to find the train had left.
他去了火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
3.用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求意见。
①What am I to say if they ask me the question
要是他们问我这个问题,我该怎么回答呢
②What am I to do if I have no money
如果没有钱,我该怎么办呢
4.表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。
①They are to marry next week.(安排)
他们将在下周结婚。
②Children are not to smoke.(禁止)
儿童不准吸烟。
③You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.(愿望)
想要成功,你就必须有耐心,有毅力。
5.不定式作表语,可用主动形式表示被动意义。
①She is to blame for the mistake.
她应该因这个错误受到责备。
②A great deal is yet to do.
还有许多事要做。
③Something is still to find out.
有些东西还有待查明。
温馨提示:
①如果主语中含有实义动词do的形式,表语中的to可以省略。
What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
②“特殊疑问词+不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构,作be动词的表语。
The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time.
小题集训2 单句语法填空
①His dream since childhood has been to become(become) a great basketball player.
②The purpose of this activity is to encourage(encourage) the students to speak English.
③The purpose of new technologies is to make(make) life more convenient.
④As a volunteer,her mission is to take(take) good care of these young children.
⑤When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground,time seemed to stand(stand) still.
1.throw oneself into 投身于,热衷于
教材原文 I’ve thrown myself into home cooking,from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. 我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中,从在锅里煮面到在平底锅里煎牛排。
感知 语言先输入
①Despite the difficulties,he threw himself into the research.
②A science camp will be held next month with the aim of encouraging more students to throw themselves into scientific research.(活动介绍)
记牢 知识再梳理
throw away 扔掉,丢弃
throw out 扔掉;扔出
throw in/into 扔进
throw at 投向,掷向;向……投去
throw open 开放;突然打开
throw light on 使……显得清楚;阐明……
within a stone’s throw 一箭之遥;就在附近
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To keep things together,he threw(throw) himself into his work last week.
②Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks.
③He still could not throw any further light on why the lift could have become jammed.
④I hope everyone can throw themselves into the course of building a harmonious society.
我希望大家都能投身到构建和谐社会的进程中去。
⑤My house is within a stone’s throw from the railway station.
我的房子离火车站仅一箭之遥。
2.impress vt.& vi.使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到
·impression n.印象,感想;影响,效果 ·impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
教材原文 As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaurant in the city centre.
只要你不恐高,市中心最新的天空自助餐厅就会给你留下深刻的印象。
感知 语言先输入
①What impresses us most are your art skills,in which you show outstanding talent.
②Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.(2024·全国甲卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)impress sth on/upon sb=impress sb with sth 使某人对某事印象深刻
What impresses sb is (that)... 让某人印象深刻的是……
(2)be impressed by/with... 对……印象深刻
(3)leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb 给某人留下一个……的印象
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The singer impressed the audience with the song A Lovesick Knitted Brow in Vain.
②He wasn’t mean or abusive; he just gave me the impression (impress) that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
③I was still impressed by/with the happy days when I decorated our house with red lanterns,put up couplets and made dumplings with my parents happily.(传统文化)
我仍然对那些快乐的日子印象深刻,那时我用红灯笼装饰我们的房子,贴对联,和我的父母开心地包饺子。
[基础语境练]
维度一 基础填空题(每小题1分,共5分)
1. It takes me thirteen minutes to get to school from home.
从家到学校要花我13分钟。
2.It is not hard for us to learn English well in six years.
六年内学好英语对我们来说不算难。
3.It’s very kind of you to come and help us.
你真好来帮助我。
4.What he is considering is to get enough money to buy a car.
他在考虑的是搞到足够的钱买辆车。
5.What he wants to do now is to find a good job.
他现在想做的是找到一份好工作。
维度二 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1. To negotiate(negotiate) for more pay has always been what we expect.
2.It is my great pleasure to welcome(welcome) all of you,officially,to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders’ Meeting.
3.His ultimate goal was to participate(participate)in the World Marathon and become the champion.
4.It is good to know(know) that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
5.Sometimes you yourself are to blame(blame) for daily personal mood.
6.Her work is to look(look) after the children.
7.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make(make) it more difficult.
8.The purpose of the new teaching method is to make (make) study easier.
9.She told us that her only wish here was to get (get) information about her old friends.
10.Her job is to keep(keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible until the end of the festival.
维度三 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.他又迟到了。他总是让大家等着。(It is+adj.+of sb to do sth)
He was late again. It’s typical of him to keep everybody waiting.
2.什么时候再讨论这个问题还没有被决定。(特殊疑问句+不定式)
When to discuss the problem again has not been decided.
3.嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。[It is+名词(短语)+to do sth]
It is bad manners to laugh at people in trouble.
4.这个女孩的愿望是长大后当一名医生。(不定式作表语表示主语的内容)
The girl’s wish is to be a doctor when she grows up.
5.我弟弟的梦想是上清华大学,我相信他的梦想能成真。(不定式表示将来)
My brother’s dream is to go to Tsinghua University,and I believe his dream will come true.
维度四 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
These days,the attitude of many people is 1.to eat food that they think tastes good (吃他们认为好吃的食物).However,this can lead to having an unbalanced diet,which often results in short-term or long-term health issues.If your aim is 2.to stay healthy (保持健康),then you need a balanced diet.Needless to say,it is not always easy 3.to plan such a diet(计划这样的饮食),but the good thing is that here is a lot of advice.
To save yourself some time,you could try looking at a “food pyramid”-a chart whose function is 4.to show you how to eat healthily(告诉你如何健康饮食).You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid eating take-out or fast food.It is important for you 5.to eat healthy food(吃健康的食物).You will feel better,have more energy,and have fewer health problems in later life.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Do you like to eat many different foods at the same time Most of us do,but to buy twenty dishes at a restaurant is just too expensive for most Americans.A good way is to eat a potluck (百乐餐).
The idea is to have each family in a community prepare one or two dishes only and bring them to a large room.Many soups,salads,meats,hot dishes,cold dishes,desserts,and drinks are put on the table at one time.Each family member then takes a paper plate,a plastic knife,a fork,a spoon and a paper cup.In turn,they pick out the food they want to eat and fill their own plates with a balanced meal.Then,they sit with either their family or friends.
When they finish,they may go back to the table and eat more food for there is always more than the group can eat at one time.Following the meal,everyone puts their paper plates and cups as well as the plastic knives,forks,and spoons into the rubbish container.
At many potlucks,the people then begin having fun.A group of four men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.A pianist or a violinist may play a solo.Often there is group singing.Sometimes there is a liar’s contest.Three people are chosen to tell a story.They leave the room and come back and two tell a true story while one tells a lie.The lie must be a clever story so it will be hard to choose which of the three stories is not true.The liar’s contest always causes everyone to laugh loudly.
Everyone leaves the potluck in good spirits as they have all eaten a very good meal and they have enjoyed themselves very much.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正在美国流行的一项社区活动——百乐餐。
1.How does the author explain a potluck
A.A meal contained in a pot that will bring you good luck.
B.An ordinary meal for several families.
C.A big meal for some special guests.
D.A meal where many families eat together and each family prepares one or two dishes.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句作者的解释“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,potluck指把很多家庭聚在一起吃饭,并且参加的每个家庭需要准备一到两道菜。故选D。]
2.How can people at a potluck enjoy themselves
A.A group of three men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.
B.A pianist or a violinist may play as a Barbershop Quartet.
C.Three people are often chosen to have a liar’s contest.
D.Three people are chosen to tell a true story.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,在百乐餐上,通常会选出三个人来进行说谎者比赛,这给大家带来快乐。故选C。]
3.Why is it hard for people to choose the lie in the liar’s contest
A.The lie is also a true story.
B.The lie is told by a clever liar.
C.The lie is required to be a clever story.
D.The true stories are easy to tell.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“The lie must be...is not true.”可知,说谎者比赛中的谎言是一个巧妙的故事,所以人们很难把它选出来。故选C。]
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To introduce a community activity.
B.To speak highly of a social activity.
C.To show a very effective way to eat well.
D.To show the importance of a potluck.
答案 A [写作意图题。根据第一段及第二段第一句“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍美国的一项社区活动——百乐餐。故选A。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt,which was started by the medical community 1. a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 2. (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3. (process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4. (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5. result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6. (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7. (be) full of fat and salt; by 8. (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However,be 9. (care) not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,10. is not good for the health.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。食品服务行业最近出现了低脂肪、低盐的趋势,这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病的方法,但也存在一些意想不到的副作用。
1.as [考查介词。根据句意“这一趋势一开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病的方法”可知,这里表达“作为”之意,所以填as。]
2.effects [考查名词的数。由前面的修饰词some且effect为可数名词,可知,这里应该用effect的复数,所以填effects。]
3.to process [考查非谓语动词。根据固定短语be required to do sth“被要求做某事”可知,此处填to process。]
4.are removed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处是由When引导的时间状语从句,主语是fat and salt(复数),因此remove要充当谓语,根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时,而fat and salt与remove存在被动关系,故填are removed。]
5.a [考查冠词。根据固定短语as a result“因此”,可知填a。]
6.worse [考查比较等级。所给词bad前面有Even修饰,所以要用比较级,所以填worse。]
7.is [考查时态和主谓一致。此句主语是Fast food,后面的be作谓语,根据上下文语境可知用一般现在时,Fast food是不可数名词,所以填is。]
8.eating [考查非谓语动词。by是介词,后接动名词作宾语,所以填eating。]
9.careful [考查词性转换。此句是一个祈使句,以系动词be开头,系动词后面接形容词作表语,所以care转换成形容词careful,所以填careful。]
10.which [考查定语从句。根据句意“跟其他食物一样,吃得太多也是有可能的,但这对健康不利”,设空处应该指代前面整句话,所以只能用which引导非限制性定语从句,所以填which。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 阅读理解:liar n.撒谎者 container n.容器;集装箱,货柜 语法填空:unintended adj.无意识的;非计划中的
主题词块 阅读理解:in good spirits心情愉快 语法填空:side effect副作用 lower fat content低脂肪含量 go to extremes走极端,过火
熟词生义 语法填空:side熟义:adj.旁边的,侧面的 生义:adj.次要的,附带的 ...has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease. ……带来了一些意想不到的副作用,比如超重和心脏病。
难句剖析 语法填空:Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food. [译文] 在你的膳食中加入足够的脂肪和盐会减少你在两餐之间吃零食的冲动,并会改善你的食物的味道。 [分析] Having enough fat and salt为动名词短语作主语, reduce和improve为并列谓语。(共66张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
语法知识过关
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
语言知识精析
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar——动词不定式作主语和表语
一、动词不定式(短语)作主语
通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作,并且句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。常见的不定式作主语的情况主要有三类:
1.不定式直接作主语
[先感知]
①To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(人教选三U2)
②To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.(外研选三U5)
③To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(译林选一U1)
[会发现] 句①②中,主语分别是不定式_________________________和 , 谓语动词是is;句③中,主语是不定式 ,谓语是will take。
To prevent harmful habits
To use biomimicry
To get there
[明规则] 需要注意的是,动名词也可以作主语,但由于上述句子所表达的是一种个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作,所以只能采用不定式作主语。
为了更好地理解不定式作主语与动名词作主语的基本区别,特举例如下:
Smoking in public places is not good.在公共场所吸烟不好。
本句采用动名词作主语,表示动作经常反复发生,而不是只针对某一次。
相反,之前不定式作主语的例句中,不定式所表达的是具体的、个别的、一次性的动作,而非经常反复性的动作。
2.it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语
[先感知]
①It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.(北师必一U1)
②It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time,not just on social media.(北师必一U1)
③It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.(译林选一U1)
④It is natural to think in this way,but of course it wasn’t the umbrella that inspired the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone.
(外研选三U5)
[会发现] 句①②③④中,it代替不定式作 ,不定式作 。
[明规则] 若不定式太长,则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语,不定式移至句尾,以使句子结构平衡。it作形式主语时,常有以下几种情况:
①It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb) to do sth (sb是to do的逻辑主语)
It’s necessary for you to read more to expand your knowledge.
你有必要多读书来扩大你的知识面。
形式主语
真正的主语
It was kind of Alan to give up his seat on the bus to the old woman.
艾伦真善良,在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。
温馨提示:介词用of还是for
在“It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb) to do sth,”句型中,for和of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语,其区别为:如果形容词描述的是人的特征、品格(如kind,rude,polite,clever等),介词用of。
②It＋be＋名词(短语)＋to do sth
[常用名词(短语)有fun、a pleasure、a fact、good/bad manners、my honour等]
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘坐宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
③It takes (sb)some time/money to do sth.
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上,我做家庭作业用了一个多小时。
3.“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语
[先感知]
①When to start has not been decided yet.(人教选二U2)
②Now,how to spend the next three years more wisely is a new challenge for me.(北师必一U1)
③So,how to reveal this hidden dimension is not decided.
(译林选一U4)
[会发现] 句①②③中,采用“ ” 作主语。
[明规则] 常见的特殊疑问词有:what、who、which、when、where、why、how等。采用“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作主语,句子谓语同样采用第三人称单数形式。如:
How to finish the work is a question.
如何完成这项工作是一个问题。
特殊疑问词＋不定式
Where to finish the work is a question.
去哪里完成这项工作是一个问题。
Why to finish the work is a question.
为什么要去完成这项工作是一个问题。
小题集训1 单句语法填空
① (finish) the work before Friday is not so easy.
②How (relieve) the pain is a question.
③It’s also important for parents (know) which apps their children are using.
④It is great fun (play) football with teachers in our spare time.
To finish
to relieve
to know
to play
⑤It takes me a long time (finish) the project so that I feel too tired to walk any further.
⑥It is worthwhile (sum) up the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country,two systems”.
to finish
to sum/summing
二、动词不定式作表语
[先感知]
①My aim is to do well in every subject this term.(北师必一U1)
②During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.(人教选三U1)
③How can I make for the lost time The only way is to work harder.(译林选一U1)
④Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.(外研选三U5)
[会发现] 句①②中,不定式作 ,表示 。句③④中,不定式作 ,表示 。
表语
目的
表语
事态发展的结果
[明规则]
1.表示目的。
①The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要弄清楚真正需要的是什么。
②The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是发展儿童好的品格。
2.表示事态发展的结果,不幸的命运或预言。
①He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave a wife and two children.
后来他在一次船只失事中死了,留下了妻子和两个孩子。
②You must speak out,if we are to remain friends.
如果我们还想继续做朋友的话,你就必须把话都说出来。
③He went to the station,only to find the train had left.
他去了火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
3.用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求意见。
①What am I to say if they ask me the question
要是他们问我这个问题,我该怎么回答呢
②What am I to do if I have no money
如果没有钱,我该怎么办呢
4.表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。
①They are to marry next week.(安排)
他们将在下周结婚。
②Children are not to smoke.(禁止)
儿童不准吸烟。
③You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.(愿望)
想要成功,你就必须有耐心,有毅力。
5.不定式作表语,可用主动形式表示被动意义。
①She is to blame for the mistake.
她应该因这个错误受到责备。
②A great deal is yet to do.
还有许多事要做。
③Something is still to find out.
有些东西还有待查明。
温馨提示:
①如果主语中含有实义动词do的形式,表语中的to可以省略。
What we can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
②“特殊疑问词＋不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构,作be动词的表语。
The greatest problem we are facing now is how to finish the work on time.
小题集训2 单句语法填空
①His dream since childhood has been (become) a great basketball player.
②The purpose of this activity is (encourage) the students to speak English.
③The purpose of new technologies is (make) life more convenient.
to become
to encourage
to make
④As a volunteer,her mission is (take) good care of these young children.
⑤When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground,time seemed _______________(stand) still.
to take
to stand
语 言 知 识 精 析
1.throw oneself into 投身于,热衷于
教材原文 I’ve thrown myself into home cooking,from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.
我全身心投入到家庭烹饪中,从在锅里煮面到在平底锅里煎牛排。
感知 语言先输入
①Despite the difficulties,he threw himself into the research.
②A science camp will be held next month with the aim of encouraging more students to throw themselves into scientific research.(活动介绍)
记牢 知识再梳理
throw away 扔掉,丢弃
throw out 扔掉;扔出
throw in/into 扔进
throw at 投向,掷向;向……投去
throw open 开放;突然打开
throw light on 使……显得清楚;阐明……
within a stone’s throw 一箭之遥;就在附近
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①To keep things together,he (throw) himself into his work last week.
②Byrd at once ordered his men to throw two heavy food sacks.
③He still could not throw any further light why the lift could have become jammed.
threw
out
on
④I hope everyone can________________________________________ of building a harmonious society.
我希望大家都能投身到构建和谐社会的进程中去。
⑤My house is the railway station.
我的房子离火车站仅一箭之遥。
throw themselves into the course
within a stone’s throw from
2.impress vt.& vi.使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到
·impression n.印象,感想;影响,效果 ·impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
教材原文 As long as you are not afraid of heights,you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,the latest restaurant in the city centre.
只要你不恐高,市中心最新的天空自助餐厅就会给你留下深刻的印象。
感知 语言先输入
①What impresses us most are your art skills,in which you show outstanding talent.
②Cats have many heightened senses,but their sense of smell is quite impressive.(2024·全国甲卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)impress sth on/upon sb＝impress sb with sth
使某人对某事印象深刻
What impresses sb is (that)... 让某人印象深刻的是……
(2)be impressed by/with... 对……印象深刻
(3)leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb
给某人留下一个……的印象
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The singer impressed the audience the song A Lovesick Knitted Brow in Vain.
②He wasn’t mean or abusive; he just gave me the_______________ (impress) that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
with
impression
③I when I decorated our house with red lanterns,put up couplets and made dumplings with my parents happily.(传统文化)
我仍然对那些快乐的日子印象深刻,那时我用红灯笼装饰我们的房子,贴对联,和我的父母开心地包饺子。
was still impressed by/with the happy days
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一 基础填空题(每小题1分,共5分)
1. takes me thirteen minutes to get to school from home.
从家到学校要花我13分钟。
2.It is not hard us to learn English well in six years.
六年内学好英语对我们来说不算难。
3.It’s very kind you to come and help us.
你真好来帮助我。
It
for
of
4.What he is considering to get enough money to buy a car.
他在考虑的是搞到足够的钱买辆车。
5.What he wants to do now is find a good job.
他现在想做的是找到一份好工作。
is
to
维度二 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1. (negotiate) for more pay has always been what we expect.
2.It is my great pleasure____________(welcome) all of you,officially,to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders’ Meeting.
3.His ultimate goal was (participate)in the World Marathon and become the champion.
To negotiate
to welcome
to participate
4.It is good (know) that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
5.Sometimes you yourself are (blame) for daily personal mood.
6.Her work is (look) after the children.
7.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not ______________(make) it more difficult.
to know
to blame
to look
to make
8.The purpose of the new teaching method is (make) study easier.
9.She told us that her only wish here was (get) information about her old friends.
10.Her job is (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible until the end of the festival.
to make
to get
to keep
维度三 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.他又迟到了。他总是让大家等着。(It is+adj.+of sb to do sth)
2.什么时候再讨论这个问题还没有被决定。(特殊疑问句+不定式)
3.嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。[It is+名词(短语)+to do sth]
He was late again. It’s typical of him to keep everybody waiting.
When to discuss the problem again has not been decided.
It is bad manners to laugh at people in trouble.
4.这个女孩的愿望是长大后当一名医生。
(不定式作表语表示主语的内容)
5.我弟弟的梦想是上清华大学,我相信他的梦想能成真。
(不定式表示将来)
The girl’s wish is to be a doctor when she grows up.
My brother’s dream is to go to Tsinghua University,and I believe his dream will come true.
维度四 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
These days,the attitude of many people is 1.__________________ ________________(吃他们认为好吃的食物).However,this can lead to having an unbalanced diet,which often results in short-term or long-term health issues.If your aim is 2. (保持健康),then you need a balanced diet.Needless to say,it is not always easy 3. (计划这样的饮食),but the good thing is that here is a lot of advice.
to eat food that they
think tastes good
to stay healthy
to plan such a diet
To save yourself some time,you could try looking at a “food pyramid”-a chart whose function is 4.____________________________ (告诉你如何健康饮食).You could also make healthy food at home and try to avoid eating take-out or fast food.It is important for you 5.____________________(吃健康的食物).You will feel better,have more energy,and have fewer health problems in later life.
to show you how to eat healthily
to eat healthy food
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Do you like to eat many different foods at the same time Most of us do,but to buy twenty dishes at a restaurant is just too expensive for most Americans.A good way is to eat a potluck (百乐餐).
The idea is to have each family in a community prepare one or two dishes only and bring them to a large room.Many soups, salads,meats,hot dishes,cold dishes,desserts,and drinks are put on the table at one time.Each family member then takes a paper plate,a plastic knife,a fork,a spoon and a paper cup.In turn,they pick out the food they want to eat and fill their own plates with a balanced meal.Then,they sit with either their family or friends.
When they finish,they may go back to the table and eat more food for there is always more than the group can eat at one time.Following the meal,everyone puts their paper plates and cups as well as the plastic knives,forks,and spoons into the rubbish container.
At many potlucks,the people then begin having fun.A group of four men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.A pianist or a violinist may play a solo.Often there is group singing.Sometimes there is a liar’s contest.Three people are chosen to tell a story.They leave the room and come back and two tell a true story while one tells a lie.The lie must be a clever story so it will be hard to choose which of the three stories is not true.The liar’s contest always causes everyone to laugh loudly.
Everyone leaves the potluck in good spirits as they have all eaten a very good meal and they have enjoyed themselves very much.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正在美国流行的一项社区活动——百乐餐。
1.How does the author explain a potluck
A.A meal contained in a pot that will bring you good luck.
B.An ordinary meal for several families.
C.A big meal for some special guests.
D.A meal where many families eat together and each family prepares one or two dishes.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句作者的解释“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,potluck指把很多家庭聚在一起吃饭,并且参加的每个家庭需要准备一到两道菜。故选D。
√
2.How can people at a potluck enjoy themselves
A.A group of three men may sing as a Barbershop Quartet.
B.A pianist or a violinist may play as a Barbershop Quartet.
C.Three people are often chosen to have a liar’s contest.
D.Three people are chosen to tell a true story.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,在百乐餐上,通常会选出三个人来进行说谎者比赛,这给大家带来快乐。故选C。
√
3.Why is it hard for people to choose the lie in the liar’s contest
A.The lie is also a true story.
B.The lie is told by a clever liar.
C.The lie is required to be a clever story.
D.The true stories are easy to tell.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句“The lie must be...is not true.”可知,说谎者比赛中的谎言是一个巧妙的故事,所以人们很难把它选出来。故选C。
√
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage
A.To introduce a community activity.
B.To speak highly of a social activity.
C.To show a very effective way to eat well.
D.To show the importance of a potluck.
解析 写作意图题。根据第一段及第二段第一句“The idea is...to a large room.”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍美国的一项社区活动——百乐餐。故选A。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt,which was started by the medical community 1. a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 2. (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3. (process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4._________ (remove) from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5.________ result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6. (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7. (be) full of fat and salt; by 8. (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However,be 9. (care) not to go to extremes.Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,10. is not good for the health.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。食品服务行业最近出现了低脂肪、低盐的趋势,这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病的方法,但也存在一些意想不到的副作用。
1.as [考查介词。根据句意“这一趋势一开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病的方法”可知,这里表达“作为”之意,所以填as。]
2.effects [考查名词的数。由前面的修饰词some且effect为可数名词,可知,这里应该用effect的复数,所以填effects。]
3.to process [考查非谓语动词。根据固定短语be required to do sth“被要求做某事”可知,此处填to process。]
4.are removed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处是由When引导的时间状语从句,主语是fat and salt(复数),因此remove要充当谓语,根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时,而fat and salt与remove存在被动关系,故填are removed。]
5.a [考查冠词。根据固定短语as a result“因此”,可知填a。]
6.worse [考查比较等级。所给词bad前面有Even修饰,所以要用比较级,所以填worse。]
7.is [考查时态和主谓一致。此句主语是Fast food,后面的be作谓语,根据上下文语境可知用一般现在时,Fast food是不可数名词,所以填is。]
8.eating [考查非谓语动词。by是介词,后接动名词作宾语,所以填eating。]
9.careful [考查词性转换。此句是一个祈使句,以系动词be开头,系动词后面接形容词作表语,所以care转换成形容词careful,所以填careful。]
10.which [考查定语从句。根据句意“跟其他食物一样,吃得太多也是有可能的,但这对健康不利”,设空处应该指代前面整句话,所以只能用which引导非限制性定语从句,所以填which。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 阅读理解:liar n.撒谎者 container n.容器;集装箱,货柜
语法填空:unintended adj.无意识的;非计划中的
主题词块 阅读理解:in good spirits心情愉快
语法填空:side effect副作用 lower fat content低脂肪含量 go to extremes走极端,过火
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
熟词生义 语法填空:side熟义:adj.旁边的,侧面的 生义:adj.次要的,附带的
...has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease.
……带来了一些意想不到的副作用,比如超重和心脏病。
难句剖析 语法填空:Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food.
[译文] 在你的膳食中加入足够的脂肪和盐会减少你在两餐之间吃零食的冲动,并会改善你的食物的味道。
[分析] Having enough fat and salt为动名词短语作主语, reduce和improve为并列谓语。
Thanks！
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