UNIT 2 The universal language——共同的语言
主题语境:人与社会——音乐
大观念之单元话题:本单元在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了世界各国的音乐文化。涉及的语篇类型多样,有海报、电子邮件、杂志文章以及简介等。本单元的学习,旨在帮助学生深刻认识音乐是一种无国界的语言,是文化的重要组成部分;欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化,增强文化意识。
①percussion /p k n/ n.打击乐器
②religious /r l d s/ adj.宗教的
③representation / repr zen te n/ n.代表,陈述
④extrapolate / k str p le t/ v.外推,推断
⑤clarinet / kl r net/ n.单簧管
⑥trumpet / tr mp t/n.喇叭,小号
⑦valveless /v lvl s/ adj.无阀的
⑧vibrate /va bre t/ v.(使)振动
类文悦读·情境导学
最早的音乐形式没有符号或文字,它们的发展缓慢而稳定,到公元前700年,才有了包括人声和乐器的歌曲记录。这为音乐增加了一个全新的维度:伴奏。
Musical forms
The earliest forms of music were probably drum-based,percussion① instruments being the most readily available at the time. These simplest of simple instruments are thought to have been used in religious② ceremonies as representations③ of animals. There was no notation or writing of this kind of “music” and its sounds can only be extrapolated④ from the music of American Indians and African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices.
As for the more advanced instruments,their evolution was slow and steady. It is known that by 4000 BCE the Egyptians had created harps and flutes,and by 3500 BCE lyres and double-reeded clarinets⑤ had been developed.
In Denmark,by 2500 BCE an early form of the trumpet⑥ had been developed. This trumpet is what is now known as a “natural trumpet”. It is valveless⑦,and depends completely on manipulation of the lips to change pitch.
One of the most popular instruments today was created in 1500 BCE by the Hittites. I am talking about the guitar. This was a great step; the use of frets to change the pitch of a vibrating⑧ string would lead to later instruments such as the violin and harpsichord.
In 800 BCE the first recovered piece of recorded music was found. It was written in cuneiform and was a religious hymn. It should be noted that cuneiform is not a type of musical notation.
By 700 BCE there are records of songs that include vocals with instrumentals. This added a whole new dimension to music: accompaniment.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the picture,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
答案 Music is the universal language;we can understand culture through it.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Some information related to Butterfly Lovers.
B.Some information related to country music.
C.Some information related to the history of folk music.
D.Some information related to a violin concerto and country music.
答案 D
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
①Match the main idea with each paragraph in Alice’s email.
Para.1 A.The story and music of Butterfly Lovers work well together.
Para.2 B.Butterfly Lovers illustrates that music is a universal language.
Para.3 C.I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night.
答案 Para.1 C Para.2 A Para.3 B
②Match the main idea with each paragraph in Harry’s email.
Para.1 A.Country music has a long history and it often features certain specific instruments and lyrics that leave you deep in thought.
Para.2 B.Country music suggests a peaceful and simple life in rural America.
Para.3 C.My host family introduce me to country music.
Para.4 D.You should listen to some country music.
答案 Para.1 C Para.2 A Para.3 B Para.4 D
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Alice’s email Para.1 I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night.
Para.2 The music took me through the 1.twists and turns of the classic story about Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai.
Para.3 Butterfly Lovers is a 2.combination of Chinese and Western musical elements.
Harry’s email Para.1 My host family often introduce country music to me.
Para.2 Country music became popular in 3.the south of America and are mostly about emotions of the musicians.
Para.3 Country music can take you to enjoy the beautiful 4.countryside.
Para.4 You should listen to some country music.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the fast and cheerful section in Butterfly Lovers represent
A.Their first meeting.
B.Their three happy years of school.
C.Their separation by Zhu’s father.
D.Their transformation into butterflies.
2.How do the composers express different changes of the characters’ emotions in Butterfly Lovers
A.By changing the tunes of the music.
B.By using different musical instruments.
C.By changing the ways music is played.
D.By different people playing different parts.
3.Why does Butterfly Lovers make Alice realize that music is indeed a universal language
A.It combines Chinese and Western musical elements.
B.It is played on Western instruments.
C.It has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.
D.It is a beautiful violin concerto.
4.Why are the instruments of country music,the blues and folk music similar
A.Country music became popular only in the south of America.
B.All the songs of country music are about hardship and heartbreak.
C.The tunes of country music are easy to sing.
D.Country music develops from the blues and folk music.
5.What does country music show
A.A plenty of humour.
B.The sad life of people in rural America.
C.The green fields and simple life of the countryside.
D.The emotional connection between the audience and musicians.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.Last night,I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers,a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.(P16,Para.1)
[学会断句] 此句为简单句。主句为I watched a performance,句中a beautiful violin concerto作Butterfly Lovers的同位语,composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a beautiful violin concerto。
尝试翻译:昨晚,我看了《梁祝》的演出,这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲,由何占豪和陈钢创作。
2.Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America,but the masters of country music,like John Denver,can make you feel like you’re there.(P17,Para.3)
[学会断句] 此句为并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列的分句,第一个分句中what引导宾语从句。第二个分句中主句为the masters of country music can make you feel like you’re there,其中like John Denver是插入语,make you feel like you’re there是“make+宾语+宾补”结构。
尝试翻译:我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子,但是乡村音乐的大师们,比如约翰·丹佛,能让你觉得身临其境。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Two exchange students are discovering new music in their host countries.Alice introduces a beautiful violin concerto 1.composed(compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.Its title is Butterfly Lovers,2.which can be called a Chinese version of Romeo and Juliet.It combines Chinese and Western musical elements:it 3.is played(play) on Western instruments,but much of the music has its 4.roots(root) in Chinese Yue Opera.The unique 5.combination(combine) makes Alice realize that music is a universal language.
From the host family,Harry Yu learns a lot about country music.It 6.became(become) popular in the 7.southern (south) part of America in the 1940s and then quickly spread 8.across the nation.Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak.People can feel an emotional connection between themselves 9.and the musicians,and the simple tunes of the music are often very 10.suggestive(suggest) of countryside surroundings.
[原文呈现] Understanding culture through music
From:Alice Duncan
To:Lucy Becker
Subject:Butterfly Lovers
Hi Lucy,
So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.Last night,I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers,a beautiful violin concerto composed① by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.It’s a piece that really deserve ②to be heard[1].
[1]此处that引导定语从句,deserves to be done=deserve doing 值得做。
The music took me through the twists and turns③ of a classic story about a young couple torn apart④ by their families.When the two lovers,Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai,first meet,the music is light and pleasant⑤,as if whispering⑥ to the audience.It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents⑦ their three happy years of school[2].Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes⑧ and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu’s father forces her to marry another man.Angry and sad[3],Liang falls sick⑨ and dies.Zhu weeps⑩ bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow ,she jumps into his grave .Finally,during the most exciting part,the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note ,telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.It is an amazing journey!
[2]此处which 引导定语从句。
[3]此处为形容词作状语。
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin,but more significantly ,much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.This unique combination has made me realize that music is indeed a universal language[4].You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers—I bet you’ll like it!
All the best,
Alice
[4]此处为make复合结构,其中that 引导宾语从句。
To: Stephen Lin
From: Harry Yu
Subject: Country music
Dear Stephen,
Life here in Nashville is as interesting as I thought it would be.My host family are big fans of country music,so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time!
It turns out that country music became popular right here in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation[5].It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music,so the musicians use many similar instruments,such as the guitar.The tunesare easy to sing,and the lyricsoften leave you deep in thought [6].Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak,but also about hope—with plenty of humour thrown in for good measure.You can feel an emotional connection between you and the musicians.
[5]此处为it turns out that...句型,it 为形式主语,that 引导主语从句。
[6]此处为“leave +宾语+宾补”结构,其中形容词短语作宾补。
Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside.Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America,but the masters of country music,like John Denver,can make you feel like you’re there.The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings:
Almost heaven,West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains,Shenandoah River
Life is old there,older than the trees
Younger than the mountains,growing like a breeze
(From “Take Me Home,Country Roads” by John Denver)
Why don’t you try to listen to some great country music[7] I guarantee you’ll enjoy it!
Best wishes,
Harry
[7]Why don’t you... 为提建议的句型。
[名师圈点]
①compose /k m p z/ vt.&vi.作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静
②deserve /d z v/ vt.值得,应得
③twists and turns(故事或情况的)转折,转变,突然变化
ups and downs 浮沉,兴衰,荣辱
④tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离,分开
⑤light /la t/ adj.[熟词生义](意义,风格或方式)不严肃的,供消遣的,轻松的
pleasant / pleznt/ adj.令人愉快的,可喜的;友好的,和善的
⑥whisper / w sp (r)/ vi. & vt.耳语,低语;私下说;沙沙作响 n.低语;轻柔的声音;传言
⑦represent / repr zent/ vt.代表,象征;描绘
represent...as...把……描绘成……
⑧heavy note 沉重的音调
note /n t/ n.[熟词生义] [C]单音,音调,音符
⑨fall sick 病倒
fall在此意为“进入(某状态);开始变成(某事物)”,后常跟形容词。
⑩weep /wi p/ vi.& vt.(wept,wept)哭泣,流泪
weep at/over...因……而哭泣
weep for joy 喜极而泣
overcome with sorrow悲痛欲绝
overcome / v k m/ vt.(overcame,overcome)受到……的极大影响;克服,解决;战胜
sorrow / s r / n.悲伤,悲痛;伤心事
sorrowful / s r fl/ adj.悲伤的,悲痛的,悲哀的
grave /ɡre v/ n.坟墓;死亡,去世 adj.严重的;严肃的
end on a bittersweet note以苦乐参半的调子结束
end on a(n)...note以……的调子结束
bittersweet adj.苦乐参半的;又苦又甜的
transform /tr ns f m/ vi.&vt.(使)变形,(使)改观,(使)转化
transform into...变为……
combine /k m ba n/ vt. & vi.(使)融合;(使)结合,(使)混合;兼做;合并
on /on/ prep.[熟词生义] 通过,使用,借助于
significantly /s ɡ n f k ntli/ adv.有重大意义地,显著地,明显地;有某种意义
have its roots in...起源于……
be rooted in 起源于
I bet...我敢说;我保证
big /b ɡ/ adj.[熟词生义] 热衷于……的;狂热的
rely on 依赖,依靠;信任
introduce / ntr dju s/ v.[熟词生义] 使初次了解;使尝试
turn out 证明是,结果是
right /ra t/ adv.[熟词生义]正好;恰好
grow out of 产生于,源于(某事物)
blues /blu z/ n.(the blues)布鲁斯音乐,蓝调;忧郁,悲伤
tune /tju n/ n.曲调,曲子vt.调音;调频道;调整
lyric / l r k/ n.歌词;抒情诗 adj.抒情的;吟唱的
deep in thought 陷入深思
heartbreak n.强烈的悲痛感,心碎
throw in奉送,额外赠送
for good measure 作为额外增添
obviously / bvi sli/ adv.显然
obvious / bvi s/ adj.显然的
rural / r r l/ adj.乡村的,农村的
rural areas/scenes 农村地区/乡村风光
simple / s mpl/ adj.[熟词生义] 朴素的;简朴的;不加装饰的
suggestive /s d est v/ adj.使人想起……的
heaven / hevn/ n.极乐之地
breeze /bri z/ n.微风,和风
guarantee / ɡ r n ti / vt.保证,担保;确保;为(产品)提供保修 n.保证,担保;保修单
[参考译文] 通过音乐了解文化
你好,露茜,
很高兴收到你的邮件。我希望你一切都好。昨晚,我看了《梁祝》的演出,这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲,由何占豪和陈钢创作。它是一首真的值得一听的曲子。
这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事,故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。当梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时,音乐轻快悦耳,仿佛在向观众耳语。接下来是一个快速且愉快的部分,代表他们三年的快乐学校生活。然后音乐变得戏剧化,音调变重,这时这对恋人被分开了,因为祝英台的父亲强迫她嫁给另一个男人。既愤怒又悲伤,梁山伯生病死了。祝英台因失去爱人而痛哭。她悲痛欲绝,于是跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。最后,在最激动人心的部分,音乐转向柔和,以苦乐参半的调子结束,告诉我们这对情侣如何变成蝴蝶飞走,永远在一起。这是一个奇妙的旅程!
《梁祝》融合了中西方音乐元素: 它是用小提琴等西方乐器演奏的,但更重要的是,它的大部分音乐都起源于中国越剧。这种独特的融合让我意识到音乐确实是一种世界性的语言。你一定要听听《梁祝》——我敢说你会喜欢的!
祝你一切顺利,
爱丽丝
亲爱的斯蒂芬,
在纳什维尔的生活和我想的一样有趣。我的房东一家是乡村音乐的超级粉丝,所以我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。我喜欢了解乡村音乐,而且我一直在问他们关于乡村音乐的问题!
原来乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部流行起来,然后传遍全国。它起源于像蓝调和民间音乐这样的音乐类型,因此音乐家使用许多类似的乐器,如吉他。曲调很容易唱,歌词经常让你陷入沉思。大多数歌曲都是关于困苦和悲伤的,但也有关于希望的——还加入了大量的幽默元素。你可以感受到你与音乐家之间的情感联系。
乡村音乐展示了宁静的绿色田野和简单的乡村生活。显然,我不知道在美国乡村长大是什么感觉,但乡村音乐大师,比如约翰·丹佛,会让你有身居其中的感觉。简单的曲调和美丽的自然意象常常让人联想到乡村的环境:
西弗吉尼亚州,简直就是天堂
蓝岭山脉,雪兰多河
那里生活久远,比树木要悠久
比群山年轻,像轻风般成长
(选自约翰·丹佛的《乡村路带我回家》)
你为什么不试着听一些很好听的乡村音乐呢 我保证你会喜欢的!
给你最美好的祝福,
哈利
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
The greater Rochester area is filled with opportunities to study and perform music in the summer!
Roberts Community School
Roberts Community Music School has exciting summer musical opportunities for families on the west side of Rochester. It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes,Piano Discoveries,and a Ukulele Choir. Lessons are available for piano,voice,stringed instruments,and woodwind & brass (铜管乐器).
School of Rock—Rochester
With camp choices for all ages and skill levels,School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child. Our summer music camps are performance-based,meaning students learn to play by performing together in a fun environment. From beginner camps to songwriting and themed camps,we offer a wide variety of options to ensure your child has an amazing musical experience. Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage.
Eastman Community Music School
The Eastman Community Music School offers different day programs and overnight music camps this summer for middle and high school students,including Adventure Music Camp for Middle Schoolers,Summer Jazz Studies for High School Students,Baroque workshops,and New Horizons Orchestra Camp. Private lessons are also available of all ages,levels,instruments or voice.
Bach to Rock Music School
Bach to Rock’s Music School runs each week all summer long for all ages and levels! Our camps are designed for students to work with our highly experienced teachers to learn how to play their instrument of choice,develop a band,learn to play songs they love,and have the opportunity to write and create their music. Each weekly camp ends with an opportunity to record in our studio! Full or half-day camps are available. No experience is necessary.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是关于四个音乐夏令营的介绍。
1.Which school’s programs are designed to get students on stage performing
A.Roberts Community School.
B.School of Rock—Rochester.
C.Eastman Community Music School.
D.Bach to Rock Music School.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据School of Rock—Rochester部分中“Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage.”可知,这个学校的夏令营专注于学生的舞台表演。故选B项。]
2.What is special about Bach to Rock Music School
A.They offer overnight camps.
B.They require related experience.
C.They offer chances to perform in a TV station.
D.They can train different kinds of musical skills.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据Bach to Rock Music School部分中“Our camps are designed...create their music.”可知,Bach to Rock Music School专注于培训学生不同的音乐技能。故选D项。]
3.Who can take part in the music camps introduced in the text
A.Rochester artists.
B.Local families.
C.School students.
D.Experienced teachers.
答案 C [细节理解题。由Roberts Community School中“It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes,Piano Discoveries,and a Ukulele Choir.”;School of Rock—Rochester中“With camp choices for all ages and skill levels,School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child.”;Eastman Community Music School中“The Eastman Community Music...Horizons Orchestra Camp.”以及Bach to Rock Music School中“Our camps are designed for students to...and create their music.”可知,学校学生可以参加文中介绍的音乐营。故选C项。]
B
Kendall Griffith is a student at Bard College majoring in both the pipa,a four-stringed Chinese lute,and Asian studies. Born and raised in Boston,Griffith started her journey into Chinese culture nine years ago,when she began learning Chinese for its writing system and tones.
While learning Chinese,she was captivated by traditional Chinese music in a drama she was watching. Griffith did some research and discovered that the instrument she was drawn to was the pipa.
“I like the sound of the pipa,especially the techniques that are incorporated with it,” Griffith says,adding that her parents and friends have been very supportive of her learning Chinese traditional music.
Griffith’s father helped her discover the instrument and she found her first pipa teacher,who was part of the Boston Chinese Ensemble. Sometimes,after performances,people would tell her,“I’ve never seen a non-Chinese person play this before. That’s very cool.”
Last semester,Griffith studied at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing. Learning the pipa in the city,where “Chinese music is happening”,Griffith felt pushed beyond her comfort zone and learned more about her passion.
“There was an interesting lecture that talked about how most Chinese music emulates things in calligraphy. There’s a lot of empty space,and I can now incorporate that feeling into a lot of the music I play,” she says.
“Chinese music also emulates nature in a way. The sound it makes can resemble a horse; you can visualize it. There are many techniques not seen in Western instruments,such as bending the strings or using your five fingers to create a tremolo. I enjoy telling my friends about it,” she says. Griffith’s friends,who were amazed by her impressions,started attending more Chinese music concerts,wanting to learn more.
Diving into another culture through music makes Griffith value the culture more. She said,“When you learn about a different type of music,it makes you appreciate the culture more. It makes you realize how important it is to be open-minded. I feel more open-minded about why things are the way they are.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Kendall Griffith,一位Bard College的学生,如何通过学习和演奏中国传统乐器琵琶,深入了解和体验中国文化的故事。
4.How did Griffith begin to learn the pipa
A.Inspired by her Asian studies.
B.Influenced by her friends.
C.Attracted by its unique sound.
D.Encouraged by her father.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第三段“I like the sound of the pipa,especially the techniques that are incorporated with it”可知,Griffith被琵琶独特的声音吸引,所以才开始学习琵琶。故选C。]
5.What do some people think of Griffith’s pipa playing
A.Amazing. B.Odd.
C.Shocking. D.Curious.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第四段“I’ve never seen a non-Chinese person play this before. That’s very cool.”可知,有些人对Griffith的琵琶演奏的看法是觉得很了不起,故选A。]
6.Why does Griffith mention the calligraphy in Paragraph 6
A.To explain the Chinese writing system.
B.To display its link with Chinese music.
C.To show different forms of Chinese arts.
D.To explore the origin of Chinese music.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第六段“There was an interesting...of the music I play”可知,Griffith在第六段提到书法是为了显示其与中国音乐的联系。故选B。]
7.What benefit does Griffith get from learning Chinese music
A.It has promoted her Chinese learning.
B.It makes her abandon western music.
C.It has developed her critical thinking.
D.It makes her love Chinese culture more.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Diving into another culture through music makes Griffith value the culture more.”可知,Griffith从学习中国音乐中得到的好处是这让她更加热爱中国文化。故选D。]
C
Some songs might speak to your soul even if you don’t know the words. The almost magical way that music reflects and influences our emotions led American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to declare it the “universal language of mankind”. But how universal is it really
A team of more than a dozen researchers and countless undergraduates set out to collect and interpret descriptions and recordings of musical performances around the world. Their first finding: Music is indeed universal. Or at least statistical modeling strongly suggests that more than 99% of societies have music. Then,they analyzed the song descriptions for sixty very different societies and looked at different qualities related to song performance.
As they classified the songs,they found that three dimensions(方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs. The first was how formal or informal a song was. Songs high in formality had large audiences and lots of instruments,often involved ceremonial events,and frequently had adult-only audiences. Informal events had smaller audiences,including children,or no audience at all. The second was how arousing a song was to its listeners. Lively events involving lots of dancing were high on this dimension,while a low value reflected a calmer event,like someone singing to themselves or a baby. The last was how religious song was. Songs used in ceremonies were high in religiosity,while those without a spiritual context scored low.
The researchers applied their findings to four widespread categories of music:lullabies (摇篮曲),dance songs,love songs and healing songs,and found clear trend. Most dance was highly arousing and formal,but low in religiosity. Lullabies were mostly low in formality and low in arousal. And healing songs scored high in all dimensions while love songs were low in all dimensions. Even more interestingly,the distribution of these behaviors was similar in all societies studied.
Scholars say that their database could fuel future research into even more inspiring questions about music universals. And their method might be used to pick out patterns in other hard-to-analyze fields,like storytelling or visual art.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对音乐普遍性进行了分析和研究。音乐普遍性具有启发性,也有助于探索其他领域。
8.How was the research conducted
A.By making comparison and contrast.
B.By finding similarities.
C.By collecting and analyzing data.
D.By illustrating examples.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第二段“A team of more than...performances around the world.”以及第三段“As they classified the songs,they found that three dimensions (方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs.”可推知,研究是通过收集和分析数据进行的。故选C。]
9.Which kind of music may involve the most audiences and instruments
A.Lullabies. B.Dance songs.
C.Love songs. D.Healing songs.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第三段“Songs high in formality...had adult-only audiences.”以及第四段“Most dance was highly arousing and formal,but low in religiosity.”可推知,舞曲可能涉及最多的观众和乐器。故选B。]
10.How is the future of their research findings according to the scholars
A.Promising. B.Unpredictable.
C.Impractical. D.Limited.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholars say that their...fields,like storytelling or visual art.”可推知,学者们认为,他们的研究结果是很有前景的。故选A。]
11.What can be concluded from the passage
A.Songs can speak to your soul only if you know their words.
B.Differences in formality lead to the variability between songs.
C.Music is classified by the number of audience and instruments.
D.Research on the universals of music can help explore other fields.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholars say that their...like storytelling or visual art.”可推知,对音乐普遍性的研究有助于探索其他领域。故选D。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
How similar are language and music
Language is part of our daily lives,no matter where we live in the world. 1 Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
Both language and music have a writing system.
In English we record language using the alphabet,which is a collection of letters. Similarly,we use notes (音符) to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. 2 By writing pieces of text or music,we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition (作品) of someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
3
You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way,we know that styles of music are different around the world,giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
4 Of course you may be able to see it in my face,but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly,music can sound angry,sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling,and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy,you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 5 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions,often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词).
A.Both are expressive.
B.Both vary with culture.
C.How do you know that I am angry
D.We use language to express our thoughts.
E.Similarly,music is part of many people’s lives.
F.So just as you read English,you can read music.
G.In contrast,you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色,两者有着多个相似之处:有书写系统,依附于各自的文化,能分享情感。
1.E [根据上文“Language is part of our daily lives,no matter where we live in the world.”和下文“Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.”可知,上文指出语言是我们日常生活的一部分,后文说语言和音乐在文化中都扮演着重要的作用。由此可知,音乐和语言一样——是日常生活的一部分。E项“Similarly,music is part of many people’s lives.”符合题意,承接上下文。故选E项。]
2.F [根据上文“In English we record language using the alphabet,which is a collection of letters...Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music.”可知,英语是一种以字母记录的语言,音乐是音符组成的篇章,也有可读性。F项“So just as you read English,you can read music.”,音乐也可以像英语一样进行阅读,上下文衔接连贯。故选F项。]
3.B [空处为本段小标题。根据下文“You can make a good...for every situation.”可知,音乐和语言一样都承载了很多不同的文化。B项“Both vary with culture.(两者都因文化而异)”,both指代下文的language和music,可以作为小标题。故选B项。]
4.C [根据小标题“Both share emotion.”可知,本段和情绪有关。C项“How do you know that I am angry ”符合题意,且下文“Of course you may be able to see it in my face,but you will know for sure through my words.”承接C项,是对选项问题的回答。故选C项。]
5.G [根据上文“When you feel happy,you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.”可知,快乐的时候,想听令人快乐的歌曲。由此推知,下文陈述,当不快乐的时候,可能想听悲伤的音乐。G项“In contrast,you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.”与上文形成对比。故选G项。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 A篇:ensure v.确保,保证;保护,使安全 B篇:supportive adj.支持的,拥护的,给予帮助的 emulate v.仿效,模仿;仿真;努力赶上 visualize v.想象,使形象化;使可见,使显现 C篇:interpret v.解释,说明;口译;把……理解为;演绎
主题词块 A篇:live performance现场表演 develop a band组建乐队 B篇:a four-stringed Chinese lute中国的四弦琵琶 incorporate with与……合并 七选五:keep a record of记录,记载
熟词生义 A篇:run v.熟义:跑 生义:n.(有关某事的)竞选v.运转;管理;用车送;渗色 Teach me how to run the business. 教我怎样做买卖吧。 The ink had run on the wet paper. 墨迹在那张湿纸上渗开了。
难句剖析 B篇:Born and raised in Boston,Griffith started her journey into Chinese culture nine years ago,when she began learning Chinese for its writing system and tones. [译文] 格里菲斯在波士顿出生和长大,九年前开始学习中文的书写系统和声调,开始了她的中国文化之旅。 [分析] 主句是Griffith started her journey into Chinese culture,Born and raised in Boston为过去分词短语作状语,when引导定语从句。(共87张PPT)
主题语境:人与社会——音乐
UNIT 2 The universal language
大观念之单元话题:本单元在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了世界各国的音乐文化。涉及的语篇类型多样,有海报、电子邮件、杂志文章以及简介等。本单元的学习,旨在帮助学生深刻认识音乐是一种无国界的语言,是文化的重要组成部分;欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化,增强文化意识。
①percussion /p k n/ n.打击乐器
②religious /r l d s/ adj.宗教的
③representation / repr zen te n/ n.代表,陈述
④extrapolate / k str p le t/ v.外推,推断
⑤clarinet / kl r net/ n.单簧管
⑥trumpet / tr mp t/n.喇叭,小号
⑦valveless /v lvl s/ adj.无阀的
⑧vibrate /va bre t/ v.(使)振动
类文悦读·情境导学
最早的音乐形式没有符号或文字,它们的发展缓慢而稳定,到公元前700年,才有了包括人声和乐器的歌曲记录。这为音乐增加了一个全新的维度:伴奏。
Musical forms
The earliest forms of music were probably drum－based,percussion① instruments being the most readily available at the time. These simplest of simple instruments are thought to have been used in religious② ceremonies as representations③ of animals. There was no notation or writing of this kind of “music” and its sounds can only be extrapolated④ from the music of American Indians and African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices.
As for the more advanced instruments,their evolution was slow and steady. It is known that by 4000 BCE the Egyptians had created harps and flutes,and by 3500 BCE lyres and double－reeded clarinets⑤ had been developed.
In Denmark,by 2500 BCE an early form of the trumpet⑥ had been developed. This trumpet is what is now known as a “natural trumpet”. It is valveless⑦,and depends completely on manipulation of the lips to change pitch.
One of the most popular instruments today was created in 1500 BCE by the Hittites. I am talking about the guitar. This was a great step; the use of frets to change the pitch of a vibrating⑧ string would lead to later instruments such as the violin and harpsichord.
In 800 BCE the first recovered piece of recorded music was found. It was written in cuneiform and was a religious hymn. It should be noted that cuneiform is not a type of musical notation.
By 700 BCE there are records of songs that include vocals with instrumentals. This added a whole new dimension to music: accompaniment.
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
课时测评作业
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the picture,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
Music is the universal language;we can understand culture through it.
Step Two:While－reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Some information related to Butterfly Lovers.
B.Some information related to country music.
C.Some information related to the history of folk music.
D.Some information related to a violin concerto and country music.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
①Match the main idea with each paragraph in Alice’s email.
Para.1 A.The story and music of Butterfly Lovers work well together.
Para.2 B.Butterfly Lovers illustrates that music is a universal language.
Para.3 C.I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night.
答案 Para.1 C Para.2 A Para.3 B
②Match the main idea with each paragraph in Harry’s email.
Para.1 A.Country music has a long history and it often features certain specific instruments and lyrics that leave you deep in thought.
Para.2 B.Country music suggests a peaceful and simple life in rural America.
Para.3 C.My host family introduce me to country music.
Para.4 D.You should listen to some country music.
答案 Para.1 C Para.2 A Para.3 B Para.4 D
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Alice’s email Para.1 I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night.
Para.2 The music took me through the 1. of the classic story about Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai.
Para.3 Butterfly Lovers is a 2. of Chinese and Western musical elements.
twists and turns
combination
Harry’s email Para.1 My host family often introduce country music to me.
Para.2 Country music became popular in 3.______________ ____________and are mostly about emotions of the musicians.
Para.3 Country music can take you to enjoy the beautiful
4. .
Para.4 You should listen to some country music.
the south of
America
countryside
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the fast and cheerful section in Butterfly Lovers represent
A.Their first meeting.
B.Their three happy years of school.
C.Their separation by Zhu’s father.
D.Their transformation into butterflies.
√
2.How do the composers express different changes of the characters’ emotions in Butterfly Lovers
A.By changing the tunes of the music.
B.By using different musical instruments.
C.By changing the ways music is played.
D.By different people playing different parts.
√
3.Why does Butterfly Lovers make Alice realize that music is indeed a universal language
A.It combines Chinese and Western musical elements.
B.It is played on Western instruments.
C.It has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.
D.It is a beautiful violin concerto.
√
4.Why are the instruments of country music,the blues and folk music similar
A.Country music became popular only in the south of America.
B.All the songs of country music are about hardship and heartbreak.
C.The tunes of country music are easy to sing.
D.Country music develops from the blues and folk music.
√
5.What does country music show
A.A plenty of humour.
B.The sad life of people in rural America.
C.The green fields and simple life of the countryside.
D.The emotional connection between the audience and musicians.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.Last night,I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers,a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.(P16,Para.1)
[学会断句] 此句为简单句。主句为 , 句中a beautiful violin concerto作Butterfly Lovers的__________语, composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang为过去分词短语作 ,修饰a beautiful violin concerto。
I watched a performance
同位
后置定语
尝试翻译:___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
昨晚,我看了《梁祝》的演出,这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲,由何占豪和陈钢创作。
2.Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America,but the masters of country music,like John Denver,can make you feel like you’re there.(P17,Para.3)
[学会断句] 此句为并列复合句。句中but连接两个并列的分句,第一个分句中what引导 从句。第二个分句中主句为
, 其中like John Denver是插入语,make you feel like you’re there是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
宾语
the masters of country music can make you feel like you’re there
尝试翻译:___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
我显然不知道在美国乡村长大究竟是什么样子,但是乡村音乐的大师们,比如约翰·丹佛,能让你觉得身临其境。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Two exchange students are discovering new music in their host countries.Alice introduces a beautiful violin concerto 1.____________ (compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.Its title is Butterfly Lovers, 2. can be called a Chinese version of Romeo and Juliet.It combines Chinese and Western musical elements:it 3.______________ (play) on Western instruments,but much of the music has its 4._______ (root) in Chinese Yue Opera.The unique 5. (combine) makes Alice realize that music is a universal language.
composed
which
is played
roots
combination
From the host family,Harry Yu learns a lot about country music.It 6. (become) popular in the 7.__________ (south) part of America in the 1940s and then quickly spread 8.____________ the nation.Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak. People can feel an emotional connection between themselves 9._______ the musicians,and the simple tunes of the music are often very 10._____________ (suggest) of countryside surroundings.
became
southern
across
and
suggestive
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
[原文呈现] Understanding culture through music
From:Alice Duncan
To:Lucy Becker
Subject:Butterfly Lovers
Hi Lucy,
So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.Last night,I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers,a beautiful violin concerto composed① by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.It’s a piece that really deserve ②to be heard[1].
[1]此处that引导定语从句,deserves to be done＝deserve doing 值得做。
The music took me through the twists and turns③ of a classic story about a young couple torn apart④ by their families.When the two lovers,Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai,first meet,the music is light and pleasant⑤,as if whispering⑥ to the audience.It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents⑦ their three happy years of school[2].Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes⑧ and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu’s father forces her to marry another man.Angry and sad[3],Liang falls sick⑨ and dies.Zhu
weeps⑩ bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow , she jumps into his grave .Finally,during the most exciting part,the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note ,telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.It is an amazing journey!
[2]此处which 引导定语从句。
[3]此处为形容词作状语。
To: Stephen Lin
From: Harry Yu
Subject: Country music
Dear Stephen,
Life here in Nashville is as interesting as I thought it would be.My host family are big fans of country music,so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.I love learning about country music and I keep asking them questions about it all the time!
[5]此处为it turns out that...句型,it 为形式主语,that 引导主语从句。
[6]此处为“leave ＋宾语＋宾补”结构,其中形容词短语作宾补。
Country music shows the peaceful green fields and simple life of the countryside.Obviously I don’t know what it’s truly like to grow up in rural America,but the masters of country music,like John Denver,can make you feel like you’re there.The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings:
Almost heaven ,West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains,Shenandoah River
Life is old there,older than the trees
[名师圈点]
①compose /k m p z/ vt.&vi.作曲;组成;撰写;使镇静
②deserve /d z v/ vt.值得,应得
③twists and turns(故事或情况的)转折,转变,突然变化
ups and downs 浮沉,兴衰,荣辱
④tear apart 使(关系密切的人)分离,分开
⑤light /la t/ adj.[熟词生义](意义,风格或方式)不严肃的,供消遣的,轻松的
pleasant / pleznt/ adj.令人愉快的,可喜的;友好的,和善的
⑥whisper / w sp (r)/ vi. & vt.耳语,低语;私下说;沙沙作响 n.低语;轻柔的声音;传言
⑦represent / repr zent/ vt.代表,象征;描绘
represent...as...把……描绘成……
⑧heavy note 沉重的音调
note /n t/ n.[熟词生义] [C]单音,音调,音符
⑨fall sick 病倒
fall在此意为“进入(某状态);开始变成(某事物)”,后常跟形容词。
⑩weep /wi p/ vi.& vt.(wept,wept)哭泣,流泪
weep at/over...因……而哭泣
weep for joy 喜极而泣
overcome with sorrow悲痛欲绝
overcome / v k m/ vt.(overcame,overcome)受到……的极大影响;克服,解决;战胜
sorrow / s r / n.悲伤,悲痛;伤心事
sorrowful / s r fl/ adj.悲伤的,悲痛的,悲哀的
grave /ɡre v/ n.坟墓;死亡,去世 adj.严重的;严肃的
end on a bittersweet note以苦乐参半的调子结束
end on a(n)...note以……的调子结束
bittersweet adj.苦乐参半的;又苦又甜的
transform /tr ns f m/ vi.&vt.(使)变形,(使)改观,(使)转化
transform into...变为……
combine /k m ba n/ vt. & vi.(使)融合;(使)结合,(使)混合;兼做;合并
on /on/ prep.[熟词生义] 通过,使用,借助于
significantly /s ɡ n f k ntli/ adv.有重大意义地,显著地,明显地;有某种意义
have its roots in...起源于……
be rooted in 起源于
I bet...我敢说;我保证
big /b ɡ/ adj.[熟词生义] 热衷于……的;狂热的
rely on 依赖,依靠;信任
introduce / ntr dju s/ v.[熟词生义] 使初次了解;使尝试
turn out 证明是,结果是
right /ra t/ adv.[熟词生义]正好;恰好
grow out of 产生于,源于(某事物)
blues /blu z/ n.(the blues)布鲁斯音乐,蓝调;忧郁,悲伤
tune /tju n/ n.曲调,曲子vt.调音;调频道;调整
lyric / l r k/ n.歌词;抒情诗 adj.抒情的;吟唱的
deep in thought 陷入深思
heartbreak n.强烈的悲痛感,心碎
throw in奉送,额外赠送
for good measure 作为额外增添
obviously / bvi sli/ adv.显然
obvious / bvi s/ adj.显然的
rural / r r l/ adj.乡村的,农村的
rural areas/scenes 农村地区/乡村风光
simple / s mpl/ adj.[熟词生义] 朴素的;简朴的;不加装饰的
suggestive /s d est v/ adj.使人想起……的
heaven / hevn/ n.极乐之地
breeze /bri z/ n.微风,和风
guarantee / ɡ r n ti / vt.保证,担保;确保;为(产品)提供保修 n.保证,担保;保修单
[参考译文] 通过音乐了解文化
你好,露茜,
很高兴收到你的邮件。我希望你一切都好。昨晚,我看了《梁祝》的演出,这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲,由何占豪和陈钢创作。它是一首真的值得一听的曲子。
这首乐曲带着我体验了一个跌宕起伏的经典故事,故事讲的是一对被双方家庭拆散的年轻情侣。当梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时,音乐轻快悦耳,仿佛在向观众耳语。接下来是一个快速且愉快的
部分,代表他们三年的快乐学校生活。然后音乐变得戏剧化,音调变重,这时这对恋人被分开了,因为祝英台的父亲强迫她嫁给另一个男人。既愤怒又悲伤,梁山伯生病死了。祝英台因失去爱人而痛哭。她悲痛欲绝,于是跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。最后,在最激动人心的部分,音乐转向柔和,以苦乐参半的调子结束,告诉我们这对情侣如何变成蝴蝶飞走,永远在一起。这是一个奇妙的旅程!
《梁祝》融合了中西方音乐元素: 它是用小提琴等西方乐器演奏的,但更重要的是,它的大部分音乐都起源于中国越剧。这种独特的融合让我意识到音乐确实是一种世界性的语言。你一定要听听《梁祝》——我敢说你会喜欢的!
祝你一切顺利,
爱丽丝
亲爱的斯蒂芬,
在纳什维尔的生活和我想的一样有趣。我的房东一家是乡村音乐的超级粉丝,所以我总是可以依靠他们介绍一些好歌曲给我听。我喜欢了解乡村音乐,而且我一直在问他们关于乡村音乐的问题!
原来乡村音乐在20世纪40年代就在美国南部流行起来,然后传遍全国。它起源于像蓝调和民间音乐这样的音乐类型,因此音乐家使用许多类似的乐器,如吉他。曲调很容易唱,歌词经常让你陷入沉思。大多数歌曲都是关于困苦和悲伤的,但也有关于希望的——还加入了大量的幽默元素。你可以感受到你与音乐家之间的情感联系。
乡村音乐展示了宁静的绿色田野和简单的乡村生活。显然,我不知道在美国乡村长大是什么感觉,但乡村音乐大师,比如约翰·丹佛,会让你有身居其中的感觉。简单的曲调和美丽的自然意象常常让人联想到乡村的环境:
西弗吉尼亚州,简直就是天堂
蓝岭山脉,雪兰多河
那里生活久远,比树木要悠久
比群山年轻,像轻风般成长
(选自约翰·丹佛的《乡村路带我回家》)
你为什么不试着听一些很好听的乡村音乐呢 我保证你会喜欢的!
给你最美好的祝福,
哈利
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
The greater Rochester area is filled with opportunities to study and perform music in the summer!
Roberts Community School
Roberts Community Music School has exciting summer musical opportunities for families on the west side of Rochester. It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes,Piano Discoveries,and a Ukulele Choir. Lessons are available for piano,voice,stringed instruments,and woodwind & brass (铜管乐器).
School of Rock—Rochester
With camp choices for all ages and skill levels,School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child. Our summer music camps are performance-based,meaning students learn to play by performing together in a fun environment. From beginner camps to songwriting and themed camps,we offer a wide variety of options to ensure your child has an amazing musical experience. Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage.
Eastman Community Music School
The Eastman Community Music School offers different day programs and overnight music camps this summer for middle and high school students,including Adventure Music Camp for Middle Schoolers,Summer Jazz Studies for High School Students,Baroque workshops,and New Horizons Orchestra Camp. Private lessons are also available of all ages,levels,instruments or voice.
Bach to Rock Music School
Bach to Rock’s Music School runs each week all summer long for all ages and levels! Our camps are designed for students to work with our highly experienced teachers to learn how to play their instrument of choice,develop a band,learn to play songs they love,and have the opportunity to write and create their music. Each weekly camp ends with an opportunity to record in our studio! Full or half-day camps are available. No experience is necessary.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是关于四个音乐夏令营的介绍。
1.Which school’s programs are designed to get students on stage performing
A.Roberts Community School.
B.School of Rock—Rochester.
C.Eastman Community Music School.
D.Bach to Rock Music School.
解析 细节理解题。根据School of Rock—Rochester部分中“Our goal is to prepare teens for live performances on stage.”可知,这个学校的夏令营专注于学生的舞台表演。故选B项。
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2.What is special about Bach to Rock Music School
A.They offer overnight camps.
B.They require related experience.
C.They offer chances to perform in a TV station.
D.They can train different kinds of musical skills.
解析 细节理解题。根据Bach to Rock Music School部分中“Our camps are designed...create their music.”可知,Bach to Rock Music School专注于培训学生不同的音乐技能。故选D项。
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3.Who can take part in the music camps introduced in the text
A.Rochester artists.
B.Local families.
C.School students.
D.Experienced teachers.
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解析 细节理解题。由Roberts Community School中“It offers two 7-week Early Childhood Classes,Piano Discoveries,and a Ukulele Choir.”;School of Rock—Rochester中“With camp choices for all ages and skill levels,School of Rock is the perfect summer activity for your child.”;Eastman Community Music School中“The Eastman Community Music...Horizons Orchestra Camp.”以及Bach to Rock Music School中“Our camps are designed for students to...and create their music.”可知,学校学生可以参加文中介绍的音乐营。故选C项。
B
Kendall Griffith is a student at Bard College majoring in both the pipa,a four-stringed Chinese lute,and Asian studies. Born and raised in Boston,Griffith started her journey into Chinese culture nine years ago,when she began learning Chinese for its writing system and tones.
While learning Chinese,she was captivated by traditional Chinese music in a drama she was watching. Griffith did some research and discovered that the instrument she was drawn to was the pipa.
“I like the sound of the pipa,especially the techniques that are incorporated with it,” Griffith says,adding that her parents and friends have been very supportive of her learning Chinese traditional music.
Griffith’s father helped her discover the instrument and she found her first pipa teacher,who was part of the Boston Chinese Ensemble. Sometimes,after performances,people would tell her,“I’ve never seen a non-Chinese person play this before. That’s very cool.”
Last semester,Griffith studied at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing. Learning the pipa in the city,where “Chinese music is happening”,Griffith felt pushed beyond her comfort zone and learned more about her passion.
“There was an interesting lecture that talked about how most Chinese music emulates things in calligraphy. There’s a lot of empty space,and I can now incorporate that feeling into a lot of the music I play,” she says.
“Chinese music also emulates nature in a way. The sound it makes can resemble a horse; you can visualize it. There are many techniques not seen in Western instruments,such as bending the strings or using your five fingers to create a tremolo. I enjoy telling my friends about it,” she says. Griffith’s friends,who were amazed by her impressions,started attending more Chinese music concerts,wanting to learn more.
Diving into another culture through music makes Griffith value the culture more. She said,“When you learn about a different type of music,it makes you appreciate the culture more. It makes you realize how important it is to be open-minded. I feel more open-minded about why things are the way they are.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了Kendall Griffith,一位Bard College的学生,如何通过学习和演奏中国传统乐器琵琶,深入了解和体验中国文化的故事。
4.How did Griffith begin to learn the pipa
A.Inspired by her Asian studies.
B.Influenced by her friends.
C.Attracted by its unique sound.
D.Encouraged by her father.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段“I like the sound of the pipa,especially the techniques that are incorporated with it”可知,Griffith被琵琶独特的声音吸引,所以才开始学习琵琶。故选C。
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5.What do some people think of Griffith’s pipa playing
A.Amazing. B.Odd.
C.Shocking. D.Curious.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“I’ve never seen a non-Chinese person play this before. That’s very cool.”可知,有些人对Griffith的琵琶演奏的看法是觉得很了不起,故选A。
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6.Why does Griffith mention the calligraphy in Paragraph 6
A.To explain the Chinese writing system.
B.To display its link with Chinese music.
C.To show different forms of Chinese arts.
D.To explore the origin of Chinese music.
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段“There was an interesting...of the music I play”可知,Griffith在第六段提到书法是为了显示其与中国音乐的联系。故选B。
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7.What benefit does Griffith get from learning Chinese music
A.It has promoted her Chinese learning.
B.It makes her abandon western music.
C.It has developed her critical thinking.
D.It makes her love Chinese culture more.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Diving into another culture through music makes Griffith value the culture more.”可知,Griffith从学习中国音乐中得到的好处是这让她更加热爱中国文化。故选D。
√
C
Some songs might speak to your soul even if you don’t know the words. The almost magical way that music reflects and influences our emotions led American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to declare it the “universal language of mankind”. But how universal is it really
A team of more than a dozen researchers and countless undergraduates set out to collect and interpret descriptions and recordings of musical performances around the world. Their first finding: Music is indeed universal. Or at least statistical modeling strongly suggests that more than 99% of societies have music. Then,they analyzed the song descriptions for sixty very different societies and looked at different qualities related to song performance.
As they classified the songs,they found that three dimensions(方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs. The first was how formal or informal a song was. Songs high in formality had large audiences and lots of instruments,often involved ceremonial events,and frequently had adult-only audiences. Informal events had smaller audiences,including children,or no audience at all. The second was how arousing a song was to its listeners. Lively events involving lots of dancing were high on this dimension,while a low value reflected a calmer event,like someone singing to themselves or a baby. The last was how religious song was. Songs used in ceremonies were high in religiosity,while those without a spiritual context scored low.
The researchers applied their findings to four widespread categories of music:lullabies (摇篮曲),dance songs,love songs and healing songs,and found clear trend. Most dance was highly arousing and formal,but low in religiosity. Lullabies were mostly low in formality and low in arousal. And healing songs scored high in all dimensions while love songs were low in all dimensions. Even more interestingly,the distribution of these behaviors was similar in all societies studied.
Scholars say that their database could fuel future research into even more inspiring questions about music universals. And their method might be used to pick out patterns in other hard-to-analyze fields,like storytelling or visual art.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对音乐普遍性进行了分析和研究。音乐普遍性具有启发性,也有助于探索其他领域。
8.How was the research conducted
A.By making comparison and contrast.
B.By finding similarities.
C.By collecting and analyzing data.
D.By illustrating examples.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段“A team of more than...performances around the world.”以及第三段“As they classified the songs,they found that three dimensions (方面) accounted for more than a quarter of the variability between songs.”可推知,研究是通过收集和分析数据进行的。故选C。
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9.Which kind of music may involve the most audiences and instruments
A.Lullabies. B.Dance songs.
C.Love songs. D.Healing songs.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段“Songs high in formality...had adult-only audiences.”以及第四段“Most dance was highly arousing and formal,but low in religiosity.”可推知,舞曲可能涉及最多的观众和乐器。故选B。
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10.How is the future of their research findings according to the scholars
A.Promising. B.Unpredictable.
C.Impractical. D.Limited.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholars say that their...fields,like storytelling or visual art.”可推知,学者们认为,他们的研究结果是很有前景的。故选A。
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11.What can be concluded from the passage
A.Songs can speak to your soul only if you know their words.
B.Differences in formality lead to the variability between songs.
C.Music is classified by the number of audience and instruments.
D.Research on the universals of music can help explore other fields.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scholars say that their...like storytelling or visual art.”可推知,对音乐普遍性的研究有助于探索其他领域。故选D。
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Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
How similar are language and music
Language is part of our daily lives,no matter where we live in the world. 1 Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
Both language and music have a writing system.
In English we record language using the alphabet,which is a collection of letters. Similarly,we use notes (音符) to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. 2 By writing pieces of text or music,we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition (作品) of someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
3
You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way,we know that styles of music are different around the world,giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
4 Of course you may be able to see it in my face,but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly,music can sound angry,sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling,and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy,you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 5 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions,often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词).
A.Both are expressive.
B.Both vary with culture.
C.How do you know that I am angry
D.We use language to express our thoughts.
E.Similarly,music is part of many people’s lives.
F.So just as you read English,you can read music.
G.In contrast,you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色,两者有着多个相似之处:有书写系统,依附于各自的文化,能分享情感。
1.E [根据上文“Language is part of our daily lives,no matter where we live in the world.”和下文“Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.”可知,上文指出语言是我们日常生活的一部分,后文说语言和音乐在文化中都扮演着重要的作用。由此可知,音乐和语言一样——是日常生活的一部分。E项“Similarly,music is part of many people’s lives.”符合题意,承接上下文。故选E项。]
2.F [根据上文“In English we record language using the alphabet,which is a collection of letters...Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music.”可知,英语是一种以字母记录的语言,音乐是音符组成的篇章,也有可读性。F项“So just as you read English,you can read music.”,音乐也可以像英语一样进行阅读,上下文衔接连贯。故选F项。]
3.B [空处为本段小标题。根据下文“You can make a good...for every situation.”可知,音乐和语言一样都承载了很多不同的文化。B项“Both vary with culture.(两者都因文化而异)”,both指代下文的language和music,可以作为小标题。故选B项。]
4.C [根据小标题“Both share emotion.”可知,本段和情绪有关。C项“How do you know that I am angry ”符合题意,且下文“Of course you may be able to see it in my face,but you will know for sure through my words.”承接C项,是对选项问题的回答。故选C项。]
5.G [根据上文“When you feel happy,you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness.”可知,快乐的时候,想听令人快乐的歌曲。由此推知,下文陈述,当不快乐的时候,可能想听悲伤的音乐。G项“In contrast,you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.”与上文形成对比。故选G项。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 A篇:ensure v.确保,保证;保护,使安全 B篇:supportive adj.支持的,拥护的,给予帮助的 emulate v.仿效,模仿;仿真;努力赶上 visualize v.想象,使形象化;使可见,使显现
C篇:interpret v.解释,说明;口译;把……理解为;演绎
主题词块 A篇:live performance现场表演 develop a band组建乐队 B篇:a four-stringed Chinese lute中国的四弦琵琶 incorporate with与……合并 七选五:keep a record of记录,记载
熟词生义 A篇:run v.熟义:跑 生义:n.(有关某事的)竞选v.运转;管理;用车送;渗色
Teach me how to run the business. 教我怎样做买卖吧。
The ink had run on the wet paper. 墨迹在那张湿纸上渗开了。
难句剖析 B篇:Born and raised in Boston,Griffith started her journey into Chinese culture nine years ago,when she began learning Chinese for its writing system and tones.
[译文] 格里菲斯在波士顿出生和长大,九年前开始学习中文的书写系统和声调,开始了她的中国文化之旅。
[分析] 主句是Griffith started her journey into Chinese culture,Born and raised in Boston为过去分词短语作状语,when引导定语从句。
Thanks！
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