Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
一、动词-ing形式作主语
[先感知]
①Teaching children about the natural world should be treated as one of the most important events in their lives.(人教选一U3)
②But winning gold in Rio paints the most vivid portrait of the team’s competitive spirit.(外研选一U3)
③Taking notes can help you understand and remember better.(北师必修三U8)
[会发现] 句①②③中,动词-ing形式作主语。
[明规则]
1.意义:动词-ing形式作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.(浙江卷)
不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多(赞扬)一样有害。
Being brought up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
汤姆出生在一个贫困的家庭里,这让他很小的时候就非常勤奋。
2.位置:①动词-ing形式位于句首;②用it 作形式主语将动词-ing后置。
用it作形式主语且动词-ing作真正的主语的常见句型:
It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing sth.做某事没有用。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.
与他争辩这件事是浪费时间。
It is no use buying books but not reading them.买书而不读是没有意义的。
3.动词-ing形式作主语时,可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构,其形式通常有两种:
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词所有格+动词-ing
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
Mike’s returning to work is a great help to us.
迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。
4.谓语动词的单复数
①单个动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;
②当两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing 形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.
从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要花费16个小时。
Walking,running and cycling are all healthy forms of exercise.
散步、跑步和骑自行车都是有益健康的锻炼形式。
小题集训1 单句语法填空
①Producing (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.
②Generally speaking,admitting (admit)one’s mistakes in front of other people requires great courage.
③Writing (write) an essay is a difficult process for most people.
④It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview.Having(have) the answers ready will be of great help.
⑤It’s a waste of time talking(talk) without doing anything.
⑥Their passing(pass) the examination made them delighted.
二、动词-ing 形式作宾语
[先感知]
①However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.(人教选必一U4)
②Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.(人教选必一U4)
③It was difficult,but he kept practising until he had achieved his goal.(外研选必一U2)
④Just over half(51%) tried to save energy by reducing the use of air conditioning or turning off lights.(北师必修三U8)
[会发现] 句①②③④中,动词-ing形式作宾语。
[明规则] 动词-ing形式作宾语时,可位于动词之后,也可位于介词之后,具体用法如下:
1.常接动词-ing 形式作宾语的(短语)动词:appreciate(感激)、consider(思考)、delay(推迟)、avoid(避免)、finish(完成)、imagine(想象)、miss(错过)、mean(意味着)、resist(抵制)、risk(冒……的风险)、suggest(建议)、mind(介意)、escape(避开)、admit(承认)、allow(允许)、give up(放弃)、insist on(坚决要求)、feel like(想要)、be used to(习惯于)、lead to(导致)、look forward to(期待,盼望)等。
He got well prepared for the interview,for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次面试做好了准备,因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary
你把那本词典递给我好吗
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
2.作介词的宾语
动词-ing形式位于介词之后,构成介词短语,在句中作定语或状语。
The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook.
智慧就是懂得该忽略什么的艺术。
One never loses by doing a good turn.
[谚]行善者绝无一失。
After looking at his watch,he hurried to the station.
看了看表后,他匆忙赶往火车站。
3.动词-ing 形式作宾语时可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构,其形式有以下几种:
①形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
②名词所有格+动词-ing
③代词宾格+动词-ing
④名词+动词-ing
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手机吗
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
小题集训2 单句语法填空
①Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing (organize) activities in different clubs or associations.
②As a photographer,I have spent the last two years recording (record)everything I discovered.
③After studying (study)agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
④A neighbour came to ask the band to quit making (make)noises when they practised at 11:00 pm.
⑤Can you imagine man living(live) on the moon
1.greet vt.问候,欢迎,招呼 ·greeting n.问候,招呼 ·greetings (pl.) 问候的话,贺词
教材原文 The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any). 打算把音乐作为一种通用语言来问候太空中的智慧生命(如果有的话)。
感知 语言先输入
①The clerk greeted James and his wife with a smile when they came into the bank.
②As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello.(2022·全国甲卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)greet sb (with...) (用……)和某人打招呼(或问好);欢迎;迎接
greet sth with sth 对某事做出某种反应
be greeted by 被……迎接;受……欢迎;……映入眼帘;
传入耳中(或鼻中)
(2)exchange greetings 互致问候
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They exchanged greetings (greet) and sat down to lunch.
②They bowed to their mother as they greeted (greet)her.
③When she opened the door,she was greeted by a scene of confusion.
她打开门,一片混乱不堪的景象呈现在她的眼前。
2.get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事,开始认真注意(或对待)某事
教材原文 A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.
一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。
感知 语言先输入
①She had compiled pages of notes,but she had not yet gotten down to doing the actual writing.
②The final exam is drawing near,so I must get down to reading the book.
记牢 知识再梳理
get across 使通过;使被理解;把……讲清楚
get over 越过;克服
get through 通过;接通电话;熬过困难时期
get away 逃脱;离开
get along/on with 相处;进展
get into 进入;陷入;染上(坏习惯);开始;参与
[名师点津] get down to中的to是介词,后面一般跟名词或动词-ing形式。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If we get over the present difficulties,then everything should be all right.
②I’m sorry to hear that you have got into the habit of smoking.
③A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
④After Christmas I’m going to get down to some serious job-hunting.
⑤With the election out of the way,the government can get down to business.
选举已结束,政府能够着手处理正事了。
3.suitable adj.合适的,适宜的,适当的,适用的
·suit vt.适合;合(某人)心意 n.一套衣服;套装 ·suited adj.合适的;般配的
感知 语言先输入
①A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
②These clothes are not suitable to wear on formal occasions.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be suitable for... 适合于……
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
(2)suit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
suit...to... 使……适合……
(3)be suited to/for... 适合于……
[名师点津] “适当的”种种表达
①suitable合适的;适宜的
②appropriate适当的;合适的
③proper适当的;正当的
④fit适合的;合格的
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don’t have anything suitable (suit) to wear for the party.
②These colorful crayons are not suitable to use(use) in very hot weather.
③Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating,so they are thrown away.
④It is suitable to carry some fruit when you go to your Chinese friend’s home for dinner.
当你去中国朋友家吃饭时,带些水果是合适的。
[基础语境练]
维度一 基础填空题(每小题1分,共5分)
1.It’s no use arguing with him.
和他争论是没有用的。
2.It’s a waste of time waiting here.
在这里等是浪费时间的。
3.I regret not having accepted your advice.
我后悔没听你的劝告。
4.It is worthwhile helping him.
能够帮助到他是值得的。
5.I couldn’t stop/help laughing as soon as I saw him yesterday.
昨天一见到他我忍不住笑了。
维度二 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Reading (read) widely is necessary for you to enlarge your vocabulary.
2.I discover that listening (listen) to something that you’re interested in is the secret to language learning.
3.Being educated (educate) in a famous university is what most students desire for.
4.Being accustomed (accustom) to speaking in public is what the position of sales director requires.
5.Keep in mind that it is no good reciting(recite) without understanding.
6.The young students are so energetic that I enjoy being surrounded(surround) by them.
7.TED is a non-profit organization devoted to ideas worth spreading (spread).
8.We would appreciate you letting (let) us know of the problems beforehand.
9.What made her parents excited was her being admitted(admit) to her dream university.
10.Charles often attempts to escape being fined (fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
维度三 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.她忍受不了当众被人看不起。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.
2.自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired.
3.考试失败使他们都很失望。
Their failing in the examination made them all very disappointed.
4.等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
5.既然我们已经完成了工作,再待下去就没有意义了。
Now that we have finished our work,there is no point staying any longer.
维度四 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
As the party went on,the topic turned to the coming festival.There was no doubt that 1.talking about Christmas(谈论圣诞节) made everyone extremely excited.However,2.being in a new environment (置身新环境里) made Kelly totally silent,a sense of loss creeping up on her.Jennifer’s 3.being aware of what happened (意识到发生了什么) drove her to ask,“Kelly,what do Thai people celebrate at this time ” The other kids 4.couldn’t resist asking her(忍不住问她) with overwhelming curiosity.“5.Celebrating a grand festival(庆祝一个大型的节日) to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.”
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You,this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later,it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry,as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats,has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.
Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain,according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.
“It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache,but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman,a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston,Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted,“there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).”
The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while,the researchers stuck a hot object—similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin—to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences,people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs.
With millions of songs available,one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain,the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题).
“It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius,a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。
1.Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph
A.To reach a conclusion.
B.To lead in the topic.
C.To offer a suggestion.
D.To provide the background.
答案 B [写作意图题。根据第一段可推断,作者在第一段提到Adele是为了引出话题,说明她的音乐能够引起听众的情感共鸣,并引出音乐对减轻疼痛的研究。故选B项。]
2.What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Unclear. D.Unconcerned.
答案 B [观点态度题。根据第三段“‘It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache,but music can help reduce your pain,’”和“there is no side effect or risk in listening to music”可知,音乐可以帮助减轻你的疼痛,听音乐没有副作用或风险(只需将音量保持在合理的水平),可推断Stroman对于听音乐减轻痛苦的效果持“肯定的”态度。故选B项。]
3.What did the participants do in the new study
A.They reported their feelings of pain.
B.They interviewed many musicians.
C.They made various kinds of teacups.
D.They picked out the music they don’t like.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段“When rating their experiences,people were...the unfamiliar relaxing songs.”可知,研究的参与者会在实验中报告他们对于痛苦的感受。故选A项。]
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music
B.How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly
C.The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music
D.Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain
答案 D [标题归纳题。根据第二段“Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain”和“And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.”可知,某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。故短文的标题为“某些类型的音乐可以帮助你减轻痛苦”。故选D项。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
When visiting China in early April,French President Emmanuel Macron enjoyed a music performance during his trip to Guangdong,Chinese music High Mountains and Flowing Water 1. (play)with a 1,267-year-old Chinese instrument guqin.
The guqin is a seven-stringed plucked instrument,which 2. (pass)down for more than 3,000 years so far.On November 7,2003,Chinese guqin art was listed by UNESCO as a masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity,3. (make)it an important spiritual treasure.
The guqin is divided 4. two parts: the physical instrument,which is a static material heritage,and the art of the guqin,a dynamic intangible cultural heritage.The key to learning to play the guqin is how 5. (express)the connotations of ancient music with your own emotions.Dong,6. enthusiast of guqin,said that compared with other traditional instruments such as the pipa and guzheng,the guqin can make her 7. (happy)and improve her cultural knowledge.
Through playing the guqin,people have more knowledge and a better understanding of traditional culture.Because the guqin is 8. (close)linked to poetry,painting,calligraphy and history,these elements complement each other.
The guqin is the earliest plucked instrument and it has deep cultural 9. (root)in China.Unlike other musical instruments,the guqin is more about the dialogue between the player and the audience’s own soul.“The sound of the guqin can be integrated into my soul,and this is 10. I want,” Dong added.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古琴在中国音乐中的地位和意义。
1.played [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语为enjoyed,故本空为非谓语。Chinese music High Mountains and Flowing Water与play为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词played,作后置定语。故答案为played。]
2.has been passed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,which引导定语从句,修饰The guqin,本空为从句谓语。 由more than 3,000 years so far判断,从句用现在完成时;从句主语which代替The guqin,与pass为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。The guqin为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故答案为has been passed。]
3.making [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,was listed为句子谓语,故本空为非谓语。此处表示自然而然的结果,故填动词-ing形式making作结果状语。故答案为making。]
4.into [考查介词。句意:古琴分为两部分:实物乐器,这是一种静态的物质遗产;古琴艺术,这是一种动态的非物质文化遗产。divide...into...意为“把……分成……”,为固定短语。主语The guqin与divide为被动关系,故用is divided into。故答案为into。]
5.to express [考查非谓语动词。句意:学习演奏古琴的关键是如何用自己的情感表达古乐的内涵。分析句子结构可知,how the connotations of ancient music with your own emotions为句子的表语。动词express意为“表达”。用“特殊疑问词+不定式”的结构在句中作表语。故答案为to express。]
6.an [考查冠词。由空后发音以元音音素开头的可数名词单数enthusiast (爱好者)可知,本空填不定冠词an,表示泛指。故答案为an。]
7.happier [考查比较等级。由空前的compared with other traditional instruments可知,本空填happy的比较级happier,作宾语补足语。故答案为happier。]
8.closely [考查词性转换。句意:因为古琴与诗歌、绘画、书法和历史紧密相连,这些元素相辅相成。分析句子结构可知,本空填副词closely,意为“紧密地”,表示程度上的“紧密”,作状语,修饰动词短语is linked to。故答案为closely。]
9.roots [考查名词的数。句意:古琴是最早的弹拨乐器,在中国有着深厚的文化底蕴。root意为“根,基础”,为可数名词。cultural roots意为“文化根源”,此处用复数表示泛指。故答案为roots。]
10.what [考查名词性从句。句意:“古琴的声音可以融入我的灵魂,这就是我想要的。”董补充道。分析句子结构可知,is后为表语从句,故用引导词what作动词want的宾语。故答案为what。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 阅读理解:artistry n.艺术技巧 heartbreak n.心碎 语法填空:masterpiece n.代表作;杰作;名著 spiritual adj.精神的;心灵的
主题词块 阅读理解:bittersweet and emotional experiences苦乐参半的情感体验 语法填空:seven-stringed plucked instrument七弦弹拨乐器 intangible heritage of humanity人类非物质文化遗产 dynamic intangible cultural heritage动态非物质文化遗产
熟词生义 阅读理解:beat n.熟义:(鼓的)一击;(翅的)一振;(心脏等的)跳动 生义:n.(音乐、诗歌等的)主节奏,节拍 This type of music has a strong beat to it.这种音乐节奏感很强。
难句剖析 阅读理解:When rating their experiences,people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs. [译文] 在评价他们的体验时,与听不熟悉的放松歌曲相比,人们更有可能在听自己喜欢的歌曲时感到更少的痛苦。 [分析] 主句是people were more likely to report feeling less pain,When rating和when listening是状语从句的省略,compared with...是过去分词短语作状语。(共59张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
语法知识过关
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
语言知识精析
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar——非限制性定语从句
一、动词－ing形式作主语
[先感知]
①Teaching children about the natural world should be treated as one of the most important events in their lives.(人教选一U3)
②But winning gold in Rio paints the most vivid portrait of the team’s competitive spirit.(外研选一U3)
③Taking notes can help you understand and remember better.
(北师必修三U8)
[会发现] 句①②③中,动词－ing形式作 。
[明规则]
1.意义:动词－ing形式作主语时常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作。
Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.(浙江卷) 不给予足够的赞扬和给予太多(赞扬)一样有害。
Being brought up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
汤姆出生在一个贫困的家庭里,这让他很小的时候就非常勤奋。
主语
2.位置:①动词－ing形式位于句首;②用it 作形式主语将动词－ing后置。
用it作形式主语且动词－ing作真正的主语的常见句型:
It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
It is no good/use doing sth.做某事没有用。
It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.
与他争辩这件事是浪费时间。
It is no use buying books but not reading them.
买书而不读是没有意义的。
3.动词－ing形式作主语时,可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构,其形式通常有两种:
①形容词性物主代词＋动词－ing
②名词所有格＋动词－ing
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
Mike’s returning to work is a great help to us.
迈克回来工作对我们来说是一大帮助。
4.谓语动词的单复数
①单个动词－ing形式作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;
②当两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词－ing 形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours from here.
从这儿乘火车到杭州大约要花费16个小时。
Walking,running and cycling are all healthy forms of exercise.
散步、跑步和骑自行车都是有益健康的锻炼形式。
小题集训1 单句语法填空
① (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.
②Generally speaking, (admit)one’s mistakes in front of other people requires great courage.
③ (write) an essay is a difficult process for most people.
④It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. (have) the answers ready will be of great help.
Producing
admitting
Writing
Having
⑤It’s a waste of time (talk) without doing anything.
⑥Their (pass) the examination made them delighted.
talking
passing
二、动词－ing 形式作宾语
[先感知]
①However,you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany,as it is not considered polite.(人教选必一U4)
②Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.(人教选必一U4)
③It was difficult,but he kept practising until he had achieved his goal.(外研选必一U2)
④Just over half(51％) tried to save energy by reducing the use of air conditioning or turning off lights.(北师必修三U8)
[会发现] 句①②③④中,动词－ing形式作 。
宾语
[明规则] 动词－ing形式作宾语时,可位于动词之后,也可位于介词之后,具体用法如下:
1.常接动词－ing 形式作宾语的(短语)动词:appreciate(感激)、consider(思考)、delay(推迟)、avoid(避免)、finish(完成)、imagine(想象)、miss(错过)、mean(意味着)、resist(抵制)、risk(冒……的风险)、suggest(建议)、mind(介意)、escape(避开)、admit(承认)、allow(允许)、give up(放弃)、insist on(坚决要求)、feel like(想要)、be used to(习惯于)、lead to(导致)、look forward to(期待,盼望)等。
He got well prepared for the interview,for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次面试做好了准备,因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
Do you mind passing me that dictionary
你把那本词典递给我好吗
I have been looking forward to hearing from you.
我一直盼望着收到你的来信。
2.作介词的宾语
动词－ing形式位于介词之后,构成介词短语,在句中作定语或状语。
The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook.
智慧就是懂得该忽略什么的艺术。
One never loses by doing a good turn.
[谚]行善者绝无一失。
After looking at his watch,he hurried to the station.
看了看表后,他匆忙赶往火车站。
3.动词－ing 形式作宾语时可以有自己的逻辑主语以构成复合结构,其形式有以下几种:
①形容词性物主代词＋动词－ing
②名词所有格＋动词－ing
③代词宾格＋动词－ing
④名词＋动词－ing
Would you mind my/me using your cell phone
你介意我用你的手机吗
I knew nothing about the window being open.
我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。
小题集训2 单句语法填空
①Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time ___________(organize) activities in different clubs or associations.
②As a photographer,I have spent the last two years ______________ (record)everything I discovered.
③After (study)agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
④A neighbour came to ask the band to quit____________ (make) noises when they practised at 11:00 pm.
⑤Can you imagine man (live) on the moon
organizing
recording
studying
making
living
语 言 知 识 精 析
1.greet vt.问候,欢迎,招呼 ·greeting n.问候,招呼
·greetings (pl.) 问候的话,贺词
教材原文 The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any).
打算把音乐作为一种通用语言来问候太空中的智慧生命(如果有的话)。
感知 语言先输入
①The clerk greeted James and his wife with a smile when they came into the bank.
②As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins longing to say hello.(2022·全国甲卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)greet sb (with...) (用……)和某人打招呼(或问好);欢迎;迎接
greet sth with sth 对某事做出某种反应
be greeted by 被……迎接;受……欢迎;……映入眼帘;
传入耳中(或鼻中)
(2)exchange greetings 互致问候
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①They exchanged (greet) and sat down to lunch.
②They bowed to their mother as they _________________(greet)her.
③When she opened the door,she .
她打开门,一片混乱不堪的景象呈现在她的眼前。
greetings
greeted
was greeted by a scene of confusion
2.get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事,开始认真注意(或对待)某事
教材原文 A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music. 一群科学家和艺术家开始选择合适的音乐。
感知 语言先输入
①She had compiled pages of notes,but she had not yet gotten down to doing the actual writing.
②The final exam is drawing near,so I must get down to reading the book.
记牢 知识再梳理
get across 使通过;使被理解;把……讲清楚
get over 越过;克服
get through 通过;接通电话;熬过困难时期
get away 逃脱;离开
get along/on with 相处;进展
get into 进入;陷入;染上(坏习惯);开始;参与
[名师点津] get down to中的to是介词,后面一般跟名词或动词－ing形式。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①If we get the present difficulties,then everything should be all right.
②I’m sorry to hear that you have got the habit of smoking.
③A smile can help us get difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
over
into
through
④After Christmas I’m going to get down some serious job－hunting.
⑤With the election out of the way,the government can
.
选举已结束,政府能够着手处理正事了。
to
get down to business
3.suitable adj.合适的,适宜的,适当的,适用的
·suit vt.适合;合(某人)心意 n.一套衣服;套装
·suited adj.合适的;般配的
感知 语言先输入
①A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
②These clothes are not suitable to wear on formal occasions.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be suitable for... 适合于……
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
(2)suit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
suit...to... 使……适合……
(3)be suited to/for... 适合于……
[名师点津] “适当的”种种表达
①suitable合适的;适宜的 ②appropriate适当的;合适的
③proper适当的;正当的 ④fit适合的;合格的
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don’t have anything (suit) to wear for the party.
②These colorful crayons are not suitable (use) in very hot weather.
③Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable _______________ eating,so they are thrown away.
④ when you go to your Chinese friend’s home for dinner.
当你去中国朋友家吃饭时,带些水果是合适的。
suitable
to use
for
It is suitable to carry some fruit
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一 基础填空题(每小题1分,共5分)
1.It’s no use with him.
和他争论是没有用的。
2.It’s a waste of time here.
在这里等是浪费时间的。
3.I regret not accepted your advice.
我后悔没听你的劝告。
arguing
waiting
having
4.It is worthwhile him.
能够帮助到他是值得的。
5.I couldn’t stop/help as soon as I saw him yesterday.
昨天一见到他我忍不住笑了。
helping
laughing
维度二 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1. (read) widely is necessary for you to enlarge your vocabulary.
2.I discover that (listen) to something that you’re interested in is the secret to language learning.
3. (educate) in a famous university is what most students desire for.
Reading
listening
Being educated
4. (accustom) to speaking in public is what the position of sales director requires.
5.Keep in mind that it is no good (recite) without understanding.
6.The young students are so energetic that I enjoy________________ (surround) by them.
7.TED is a non-profit organization devoted to ideas worth__________ (spread).
Being accustomed
reciting
being surrounded
spreading
8.We would appreciate you (let) us know of the problems beforehand.
9.What made her parents excited was her (admit) to her dream university.
10.Charles often attempts to escape (fine) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
letting
being admitted
being fined
维度三 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.她忍受不了当众被人看不起。
2.自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
3.考试失败使他们都很失望。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired.
Their failing in the examination made them all very disappointed.
4.等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。
5.既然我们已经完成了工作,再待下去就没有意义了。
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
Now that we have finished our work,there is no point staying any longer.
维度四 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
As the party went on,the topic turned to the coming festival. There was no doubt that 1. (谈论圣诞节) made everyone extremely excited.However,2._____________________ ____________(置身新环境里) made Kelly totally silent,a sense of loss creeping up on her.Jennifer’s 3. (意识到发生了什么) drove her to ask,“Kelly,what do Thai people celebrate at this time ” The other kids 4. (忍不住问她) with overwhelming curiosity.“5. (庆祝一个大型的节日) to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.”
talking about Christmas
being in a new
environment
being aware of what happened
couldn’t resist asking her
Celebrating a grand festival
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You,this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later,it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry,as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats,has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.
Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain,according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.
“It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache,but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman,a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston,Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted,“there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).”
The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while,the researchers stuck a hot object—similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin—to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs.
With millions of songs available,one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain,the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题).
“It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius,a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。
1.Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph
A.To reach a conclusion.
B.To lead in the topic.
C.To offer a suggestion.
D.To provide the background.
解析 写作意图题。根据第一段可推断,作者在第一段提到Adele是为了引出话题,说明她的音乐能够引起听众的情感共鸣,并引出音乐对减轻疼痛的研究。故选B项。
√
2.What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Unclear. D.Unconcerned.
解析 观点态度题。根据第三段“‘It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache,but music can help reduce your pain,’”和“there is no side effect or risk in listening to music”可知,音乐可以帮助减轻你的疼痛,听音乐没有副作用或风险(只需将音量保持在合理的水平),可推断Stroman对于听音乐减轻痛苦的效果持“肯定的”态度。故选B项。
√
3.What did the participants do in the new study
A.They reported their feelings of pain.
B.They interviewed many musicians.
C.They made various kinds of teacups.
D.They picked out the music they don’t like.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“When rating their experiences,people were...the unfamiliar relaxing songs.”可知,研究的参与者会在实验中报告他们对于痛苦的感受。故选A项。
√
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music
B.How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly
C.The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write Music
D.Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less Pain
解析 标题归纳题。根据第二段“Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain”和“And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.”可知,某些类型的音乐能够帮助你减轻痛苦。故短文的标题为“某些类型的音乐可以帮助你减轻痛苦”。故选D项。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
When visiting China in early April,French President Emmanuel Macron enjoyed a music performance during his trip to Guangdong,Chinese music High Mountains and Flowing Water 1.____ (play)with a 1,267-year-old Chinese instrument guqin.
The guqin is a seven-stringed plucked instrument,which 2._____ (pass)down for more than 3,000 years so far.On November 7,2003, Chinese guqin art was listed by UNESCO as a masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity,3. (make)it an important spiritual treasure.
The guqin is divided 4. two parts: the physical instrument,which is a static material heritage,and the art of the guqin,a dynamic intangible cultural heritage.The key to learning to play the guqin is how 5. (express)the connotations of ancient music with your own emotions.Dong,6._________ enthusiast of guqin,said that compared with other traditional instruments such as the pipa and guzheng,the guqin can make her 7._________ (happy) and improve her cultural knowledge.
Through playing the guqin,people have more knowledge and a better understanding of traditional culture.Because the guqin is 8. (close)linked to poetry,painting,calligraphy and history,these elements complement each other.
The guqin is the earliest plucked instrument and it has deep cultural 9. (root)in China.Unlike other musical instruments,the guqin is more about the dialogue between the player and the audience’s own soul.“The sound of the guqin can be integrated into my soul,and this is 10. I want,” Dong added.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古琴在中国音乐中的地位和意义。
1.played [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语为enjoyed,故本空为非谓语。Chinese music High Mountains and Flowing Water与play为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词played,作后置定语。故答案为played。]
2.has been passed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,which引导定语从句,修饰The guqin,本空为从句谓语。 由more than 3,000 years so far判断,从句用现在完成时;从句主语which代替The guqin,与pass为被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。The guqin为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故答案为has been passed。]
3.making [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,was listed为句子谓语,故本空为非谓语。此处表示自然而然的结果,故填动词-ing形式making作结果状语。故答案为making。]
4.into [考查介词。句意:古琴分为两部分:实物乐器,这是一种静态的物质遗产;古琴艺术,这是一种动态的非物质文化遗产。divide...into...意为“把……分成……”,为固定短语。主语The guqin与divide为被动关系,故用is divided into。故答案为into。]
5.to express [考查非谓语动词。句意:学习演奏古琴的关键是如何用自己的情感表达古乐的内涵。分析句子结构可知,how the connotations of ancient music with your own emotions为句子的表语。动词express意为“表达”。用“特殊疑问词+不定式”的结构在句中作表语。故答案为to express。]
6.an [考查冠词。由空后发音以元音音素开头的可数名词单数enthusiast (爱好者)可知,本空填不定冠词an,表示泛指。故答案为an。]
7.happier [考查比较等级。由空前的compared with other traditional instruments可知,本空填happy的比较级happier,作宾语补足语。故答案为happier。]
8.closely [考查词性转换。句意:因为古琴与诗歌、绘画、书法和历史紧密相连,这些元素相辅相成。分析句子结构可知,本空填副词closely,意为“紧密地”,表示程度上的“紧密”,作状语,修饰动词短语is linked to。故答案为closely。]
9.roots [考查名词的数。句意:古琴是最早的弹拨乐器,在中国有着深厚的文化底蕴。root意为“根,基础”,为可数名词。cultural roots意为“文化根源”,此处用复数表示泛指。故答案为roots。]
10.what [考查名词性从句。句意:“古琴的声音可以融入我的灵魂,这就是我想要的。”董补充道。分析句子结构可知,is后为表语从句,故用引导词what作动词want的宾语。故答案为what。]
文本资源——说一千道一万,记住单词是关键
主题单词 阅读理解:artistry n.艺术技巧 heartbreak n.心碎
语法填空:masterpiece n.代表作;杰作;名著 spiritual adj.精神的;心灵的
主题词块 阅读理解:bittersweet and emotional experiences
苦乐参半的情感体验
语法填空:seven-stringed plucked instrument七弦弹拨乐器 intangible heritage of humanity人类非物质文化遗产 dynamic intangible cultural heritage动态非物质文化遗产
熟词生义 阅读理解:beat n.熟义:(鼓的)一击;(翅的)一振;(心脏等的)跳动 生义:n.(音乐、诗歌等的)主节奏,节拍
This type of music has a strong beat to it.这种音乐节奏感很强。
难句剖析 阅读理解:When rating their experiences,people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs.
[译文] 在评价他们的体验时,与听不熟悉的放松歌曲相比,人们更有可能在听自己喜欢的歌曲时感到更少的痛苦。
[分析] 主句是people were more likely to report feeling less pain,When rating和when listening是状语从句的省略,compared with...是过去分词短语作状语。
Thanks！
本
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结
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