Period 2 Reading and Thinking
1．Which is the right order of the following events
①Scotland was joined.
②The Kingdom of Ireland was added.
③Wales was joined.
④The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland came into being.
⑤The southern part of Ireland broke away.
A．①③②⑤④ B．③②①⑤④
C．①③⑤②④ D．③①②⑤④
答案 D
2．How does the writer develop paragraph 3
A．By using a couple of quotes.
B．By listing some examples.
C．By referring to a social phenomenon.
D．By expressing some personal opinions.
答案 B
3．Which of the following is the achievement of the Normans
A．Building towns and roads.
B．Changing the legal system.
C．Changing the way of building houses.
D．Leaving behind lots of Roman vocabulary.
答案 B
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history of the UK
A．Neutral. B．Doubtful.
C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.
答案 D
5．What is the main idea of the text
A．The people of the United Kingdom.
B．The politics of the United Kingdom.
C．The history of the United Kingdom.
D．The geography of the United Kingdom.
答案 C
WHAT’S IN A NAME
The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by1 [1]what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them，if any2 [2]Getting to know a little bit about3 British history will help you solve this puzzle4.
[1]what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作mean的宾语。
[2]getting to know...British history是动名词短语作主语。
词块翻译：
1．对……感到困惑
2．如果有的话
3．稍微了解一下……
4．解开这个谜题
In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century，the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from5 the UK，[3]which resulted in6 the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”．People from the UK are called “British”，[4]which means the UK is also often referred to as7 Britain or Great Britain.
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。
[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容；means后是省略了引导词that的宾语从句(that在该从句中不作任何成分，无实际意义)。
5.脱离
6．导致
7．被称为……
The four countries [5]that belong to8 the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag，[6]known as9 the Union Jack，as well as10 share the same currency and military defence11.However，they also have some differences.For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems12.They also have their own traditions，like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
[5]that引导定语从句，修饰The four countries，that在从句中作主语。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰flag。
8.属于
9．被称为
10．同(一样也)；和；还
11．拥有同样的货币和国防
12．有不同的教育和法律制度
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history13.Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.[7]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by14 evidence of four different groups of people [8]who took over15 at different times throughout history16.The first group，[9]the Romans，came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads.Next，the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way [10]people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind17 lots of new vocabulary，as well as the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They [11]had castles built all around England，and made changes18 to the legal system.The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into19 the English language.
[7]everywhere 意为“所有地方”，引导地点状语从句。
[8]who引导定语从句，修饰people，who在从句中作主语。
[9]the Romans作the first group的同位语。
[10]people built houses是省略了关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way。
[11]“have sth done”结构，表示“让某事被做”。
13.有着悠久而有趣的历史
14．被……包围
15．接管，控制
16．在不同历史时期
17．留下
18．做出改变
19．进入；成为……的一部分
[12]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.[13]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London is a great place to start，[14]as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way20 back to21 Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK22.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture23，with both new and old traditions.[15]If you keep your eyes open24，you will be surprised to25 find that you can see both its past and its present.
[12]“there be sth to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
[13]studying the history of the country为动名词短语作主语；make your visit much more enjoyable是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)”结构。
[14]as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句；dating...Roman times是现在分词短语作后置定语。
[15]if引导条件状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
20.一直；自始至终
21．追溯至
22．全英国
23．历史与现代文化的迷人交融
24．留心；留意
25．很惊奇地做某事
析篇章结构
puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑(puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 puzzling adj.令人困惑的；令人费解的)
[教材原句P40]Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
[北师大版]Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的话使我很困惑，因为当时我什么都不理解，除非我能用手摸到它。
·a puzzle to sb对某人来说是个谜 ·puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨
(1)It puzzled(puzzle) me that the boy did not puzzle about/over the puzzling(puzzle) problem，which was also a puzzle to other classmates.
(2)Facing this tough situation，I was puzzled(puzzle) and tears of anxiety streamed down my face.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)使我感到困惑的是如何和他相处，您可以好心给我一些建议吗？
What puzzles me is how to get along with him.Could you be kind enough to offer me some tips？
break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
[教材原句P40]Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
break down出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉；分解 break in破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发，突然发生(无被动语态) break up解体；拆开；驱散；分手
(选词填空)The thieves broke in and began to steal expensive goods in the jewelry store，unaware that the silent alarm still worked.As they broke open display cases，police sirens(警报器) broke out suddenly.The engine of their truck broke down halfway，forcing them to break away from their escape route.As the police ran after the thieves，the youngest thief suddenly broke into tears.“We’re finished！” he sobbed.The thief’s leader grabbed him，shouting “Break it up！Run！” But police officers had surrounded them，leaving them with no way to escape.
belong vi.应在(某处)；适应 [belonging n．归属；(pl.)财物；动产]
[教材原句P40]The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
[外研版]Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person 你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？
belong to意为“属于”，没有被动形式，也不用于进行时，后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。
(1)Keep in mind that you should carry all your belongings(belong) before getting off the bus.
(2)He always inspires us to concentrate on our studies，saying that the future belongs(belong) to the well-educated.
(3)The author tells me that the book belongs on that bookshelf.词义：应在(某处)
[写作佳句]
(4)(话题写作之传统文化)剪纸属于中国传统艺术，已有1 500多年的历史。
Paper-cutting belonging to traditional Chinese art/which/that belongs to traditional Chinese art has a history of over 1,500 years.
as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[教材原句P40]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
[北师大版]Their school lives are now more attractive and interesting，and they enjoy playing football in the playground，as well as singing songs they’ve learnt.孩子们的学校生活现在更有吸引力也更有趣，他们喜欢在操场上踢足球，也喜欢唱学过的歌。
·as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。 ·用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外(还)”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。 ·as well表示“也”，相当于too，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
(1)As well as travel(l)ing(travel) in Shandong Province，we will visit Zhejiang Province.
(2)It has been confirmed that he as well as I is(be) responsible for the matter.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)只有通过均衡饮食和锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
Only by means of balanced diets and exercise can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy.
(4)(申请信之介绍个人优势)我有组织各种活动的能力，我也善于与他人沟通。
I have the ability to organize various activities，and I am good at communicating with others as well.
defence n．防御；保卫(defend vt.防御；保卫；辩护defensive adj.防御的；防守的；戒备的)
[教材原句P40]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
[译林版]In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
·in defence of保卫；为……辩护 ·defend...from/against...保护……不受……
(1)These residents built a long wall in defence(defend) of the safety of the neighborhood.
(2)Like their children，parents are often defensive(defend) about their private lives.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免于受伤。
Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed like an arrow to defend his son against being hurt/in defence of his son against being hurt.
surround vt.围绕；包围(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n．环境)
[教材原句P40]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.在英国，几乎无论你走到哪里，你都会被四个不同民族的遗迹所包围，他们在历史的不同时期接管了英国。
[北师大版]Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
surround...with...用……包围…… be surrounded by被……包围
(1)Surround yourself with positive individuals who challenge you to be better.
(2)The surrounding(surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight，which almost takes our breath away.
(3)This insect can take on the color of its surroundings(surround) in defence of itself.
[写作佳句]
(4)(话题写作之景点介绍)这座小镇被青山绿水环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
The small town is surrounded by green mountains and clear rivers，attracting visitors from all over the world.
if条件状语从句的省略形式
[教材原句P40]So what is the difference between them，if any
那么，如果它们(这些名称)有区别的话，区别何在？
[结构分析]句中if any是if条件状语从句的省略形式，意为“如果有的话”。
与if any类似的结构还有： if so如果这样的话 if not如果不这样的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果有可能的话
(1)(应用文写作之邀请信)我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空，咱们一起参加我校的音乐节吧。
I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend.If so，let’s attend the music festival in my school.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我的文章可能有些错误。如果有的话，请指出来。
There may be some mistakes in my article.If any，please point them out.
(3)(话题写作之健康生活)如果可能的话，试着每天在同一时间睡觉和起床来保持健康。
If possible，try to go to bed and get up at the same time every day to be in shape.
(4)如果有必要，你可以随时和我聊聊你正在经历的事情。
If necessary，you can chat with me about what you are going through at any time.
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句P41]They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
[结构分析]此句中had castles built是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，由过去分词充当宾语补足语。
have sth done意为“使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇了某种不幸” have/let/make sb do sth＝get sb to do sth使/让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth使/让某人/某物一直做某事(与can’t连用表“不允许，不容忍”) have sth to do有某事要做(不定式作定语)
(1)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你遵循上面的建议，你会发现你的情况很容易改变。
If you follow the above suggestions，you will find it easy to have your situation changed.
(2)(话题写作之绿色校园)为了建设绿色校园，我们绝不应让灯整夜亮着。
To build a green campus，in no case should we have lights burning all night.
(3)(应用文写作之道歉信)星期五我有一件重要的事情要处理，所以很抱歉我不能陪你了。
I have an important thing to deal with on Friday，so I am terribly sorry that I can’t keep you company.
(4)我会让汤姆去机场接你，他中等身高，戴着一副眼镜。
I will have Tom pick you up at the airport and he is of medium height and wears a pair of glasses.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
1．In other words，your health will break down if you work too hard.(身体)垮掉
2．With time going by，she learned to belong in the unfamiliar culture.vi.适应
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1．As descendants(后代) of Confucius，they have a better understanding of his world-famous philosophy.
2．In the sixteenth century，the nearby(附近的) country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
3．I wonder if anyone can tell me the chief function of the battery.
4．In this case，even individuals(个人) make a difference to environmental protection.
5．With the famous general’s guidelines，the brave soldiers soon conquered this important city.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．If someone belongs(belong) to a particular group，they are members of that group.
2．The policeman，as well as some related people，has(have) been trying to find the exact location of the missing boy.
3．It was on account of some misunderstanding that the boy wanted to break away from the Ballet Club.
4．The poor boy was surrounded(surround) by some students，who were curious about his identity.
5．Honestly speaking，I feel puzzled(puzzle) about the author’s opinion，so could you please explain it to me
6．All the soldiers were battling against enemies bravely in defence(defend) of their country.
7．Could you please offer me some tips？ If so，I can easily deal with this embarrassing situation.
8.Press the button on the machine and you can have such daily goods produced(produce) immediately.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by 1.what these different names mean.Wales and Scotland 2.were joined(join) to the Kingdom of England in the 16th and 18th centuries respectively.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break) away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today.However，most people just use the 4.shortened(shorten) name: the UK.The four countries 5.that/which belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
There were four sets of 6.invaders(invade) and the last group were the Normans.They had castles built all around England and made changes 7.to the legal system.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 8.more enjoyable(enjoy)．The capital city London is 9.an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date) back to Roman times.
作业2 Reading and Thinking
[分值：60分]
Ⅰ.短语填空(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1．As far as the author is concerned，it is time that he made changes(做出改变) to his writing style.
2．I was confused by(对……感到困惑) this tough puzzle and I had no choice but to turn to you for help.
3．He often blogs his daily life online and he is referred to as(被称为) a blogger.
4．His serious mistake resulted in(导致) his breaking away from the organisation，which put him in low spirits.
5．Leaving behind(留下) your real identity online likely makes you a target for privacy theft.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——优秀传统文化展览(满分15分)
1．众所周知，属于中国传统艺术的剪纸深受国内外人们的喜爱。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
As we all know，paper-cutting belonging to traditional Chinese art is popular with people at home and abroad.
2．来自西方国家的游客对中国艺术家如何用一些纸和一把剪刀创作出如此美丽的作品感到困惑。(how引导宾语从句)
Visitors from Western countries are puzzled about how Chinese artists create such beautiful works with just some paper and a pair of scissors.
3．举办这样的展览将使中华文化在外国人当中更广泛地传播。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Holding such exhibitions will have Chinese culture spread more widely among foreigners.
4．这样的展览也可以让中国的年轻人为我们的文化和我们的国家感到自豪。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Such exhibitions can also make the young in China proud of our culture and our country.
5．如果可能的话，这样的展览也可以在国外举行。(if条件状语从句的省略)
If possible，such exhibitions can be held in foreign countries as well.
[组句成篇] 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
(2025·福建福州高一上期末)
Since farmers began digging up ancient bone pieces in the fields around the Yellow River in eastern China over 100 years ago，researchers have been studying the script(文字符号) found on them.But up until now script study has been a task that requires a lot of time and effort.
“A piece of oracle bone(甲骨) may have been recorded several times.Because these recordings are different in how clear and complete they are，a lot of work is needed to relate，compare and explain them，” said Yubin Jiang，a researcher from Fudan University.“In the past，this responsibility fell only on the shoulders of researchers with rich experience and excellent memory，but their research only led to accidental findings.”
Now researchers in Beijing are using AI to speed up the basic but necessary work of comparing each script sample with thousands of others in databases(数据库)．This work helps researchers understand them better and sheds light on everything from the daily concerns of people in ancient times to how Chinese writing first developed.
The AI model，named Diviner，was developed by professor Bofeng Mo and senior researcher Zhirong Wu.In November 2022，within one week，the Diviner project compared 181,134 script samples across 100 databases.It not only found tens of thousands of exact copies that people had already identified，but also discovered more than 300 new pairs.Now Diviner has managed to complete this work more quickly.
This is just the first step.
“The job now is to clean the data and recover the data to the original form by joining small pieces to the original big one，” said Wu.With this，they hope to move on to the final challenge—understanding the meaning of these characters，which could have important effects on different fields.“To archaeologists，they are the cultural remains of humans.To historians，they are the historical material of the Shang Dynasty.To language researchers，they are the earliest system of Chinese characters，” said Mo.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了甲骨文研究的相关情况。过去，甲骨文文字符号的研究耗时费力，现在研究人员借助名为Diviner的AI模型加速了研究进程，文章还阐述了这项研究的重要意义。
1．What do we know about the script study
A．It started just a few years ago.
B．It has been a long and tiring task.
C．It has been completed successfully.
D．It was mainly carried out by farmers.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But up until now script study has been a task that requires a lot of time and effort.”可知，文字符号研究是一项漫长且累人的任务。故选B。
2．What do Yubin Jiang’s words suggest
A．The study in the past was not scientific enough.
B．The skilled researchers made great achievements.
C．The researchers didn’t have to spend so much time.
D．The recordings of oracle bones made the study easy.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the past，this responsibility fell only on the shoulders of researchers with rich experience and excellent memory，but their research only led to accidental findings.”可知，过去的研究主要依赖经验丰富和记忆力好的研究人员，且成果多为偶然发现，可推理出过去的研究科学性不足。故选A。
3．What does the underlined phrase “sheds light on” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Makes clear. B．Takes over.
C．Hides away. D．Shows off.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“This work helps researchers understand them better and...everything from the daily concerns of people in ancient times to how Chinese writing first developed.”可知，AI 帮助研究人员更好地理解文字符号，对古代人们日常的关注和文字发展等方面也能起到清晰解释的作用，可推理出“sheds light on”应意为“使清楚明白”，故选A。
4．Which is the best title of the text
A．How Is AI Aiding Oracle Bone Script Study
B．The Hidden Stories Behind Oracle Bone Script
C．Oracle Bone Script: Uncovering the Unknown Field
D．Should Researchers Give Way to the AI Model Diviner
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是人工智能如何助力甲骨文文字符号研究。A选项表达的含义能准确概括文章主旨，是本文的最佳标题。故选A。
B(此篇精读)
(2024·浙江高一下期中)
Built in 1990，the Moriyama City Firefly Forest Museum has been trying to recover the number of the Genji firefly(源氏萤火虫)，whose population was near extinction in the first half of the 20th century.
In Japan，fireflies have long been the sign of summer.Moriyama’s Genji fireflies were especially prized for their vivid，yellow-green glow.However，from 1868 to 1912，a commercial firefly industry developed.In just one night，a single hunter could catch about as many as 3,000 fireflies，sweeping the earth with brushes to frighten just egg-laying fireflies from riverbanks.It was easiest to catch female fireflies when they laid their eggs.Thus，there were fewer and fewer left to produce the next generation.At the same time，a fast-urbanizing Japan was turning Moriyama’s once ideal habitats into places where few fireflies could survive.Concrete was laid on the banks where there was once grass.Wastewater ran into the waters where the larvae(幼虫) grew.
The founders set its museum in the kind of habitat that Genji fireflies would find attractive.They created an artificial river and planted its banks with grass.Inside the museum，they mate and reproduce Genji fireflies; it is still the only organization to do so in a large size.Fireflies lay thousands of eggs.When the larvae come out，they are moved to boxes with flowing water.They grow there until February when the larvae are moved to the man-made river.Then，the fireflies leave the water and take flight in June.
The museum also has educational purpose.Throughout the year，it lectures on the insect’s history and ecology in schools.They also lead museum activities and other training and awareness campaigns，including the museum’s magazine，From the Firefly Forest.Cleanup activities around waters are also organized.
The action is reasonable but，despite their efforts，the number of Genji fireflies hasn’t increased so much in Moriyama.Most other habitats continue to become worse due to urbanization.Unless people preserve them，fireflies will continue to suffer.“The only chance at recovering Genji firefly populations is to act now，” ecologist Kato warns.“We’re running out of time to provide the environmental education to save Japan’s beloved insect.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了日本的森山市萤火虫森林博物馆为了恢复源氏萤火虫的数量所做的努力。
5．What led to the death of the larvae of the Genji firefly
A．The banks where they once lived disappeared.
B．Waters where the larvae grew were polluted.
C．Over 3,000 female fireflies were caught every night.
D．A commercial firefly industry developed their habitats.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wastewater ran into the waters where the larvae(幼虫) grew.”可知，源氏萤火虫幼虫死亡的原因是幼虫生长的水域被污染了。故选B。
6．What efforts has the Firefly Forest Museum made
A．It has organized various educational activities.
B．It has helped Genji fireflies lay thousands of eggs.
C．It has helped Genji fireflies leave the water and take flight in June.
D．It has created the kind of habitat that the Genji fireflies would find attractive.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Throughout the year，it lectures on the insect’s history and ecology in schools.They also lead museum activities and other training and awareness campaigns，including the museum’s magazine，From the Firefly Forest.”可推知，森山市萤火虫森林博物馆组织了各种教育活动。故选A。
7．What does Kato think of the task of recovering the Genji fireflies population
A．It is reasonable.
B．It makes no sense.
C．It wastes lots of time.
D．It needs immediate action.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘The only chance at recovering Genji firefly populations is to act now，’ ecologist Kato warns.‘We’re running out of time to provide the environmental education to save Japan’s beloved insect.’”可推知，加藤认为恢复源氏萤火虫数量的任务需要立即行动。故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The extinction of Genji fireflies in Japan.
B．The reappearance of Genji fireflies in Japan.
C．Efforts made to recover Genji fireflies by a Japanese museum.
D．The effect of urbanization on Japan’s favorite glowing insect.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段点明主旨，说明日本的森山市萤火虫森林博物馆自1990年创建至今一直在为恢复源氏萤火虫的数量而努力，第三、四段对该博物馆所做的努力进行了详细介绍。故短文主要是关于一家日本博物馆为恢复源氏萤火虫所做的努力。故选C。
[词汇积累]
1．glow n．微弱稳定的光
2．comercial adj.商业的→commerce n．商业
3．urban adj.城市的→urbanize v．使城市化→urbanization n．城市化，都市化
4．artificial adj.人工的
5．run out of用完；耗尽
[句式分析]
1．Built in 1990，the Moriyama City Firefly Forest Museum has been trying to recover the number of the Genji firefly，whose population was near extinction in the first half of the 20th century.
分析：本句为复合句。Built in 1990为过去分词短语作状语；whose引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Genji firefly，先行词与population构成所属关系，whose在从句中充当定语。
翻译：森山市萤火虫森林博物馆建于1990年，一直在努力恢复源氏萤火虫的数量，源氏萤火虫的数量在20世纪上半叶几乎灭绝。
2．At the same time，a fast-urbanizing Japan was turning Moriyama’s once ideal habitats into places where few fireflies could survive.
分析：本句为复合句。where引导限制性定语从句，先行词为places，where在从句中充当地点状语。
翻译：与此同时，快速城市化的日本正在把森山曾经理想的栖息地变成萤火虫几乎无法生存的地方。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
(2025·河南南阳高一上期末)
Every day，kindness happens somewhere in this world.Country music star Brad Paisley and his wife，Kimberly， 1 that they had chosen a place for their second 2 grocery store—The Store.It was designed to 3 families that didn’t have enough food.
The couple 4 opened The Store on Belmont University’s campus in 2020，when people had some 5 because of the serious results of terrible tornadoes in Nashville.
The Store 6 fresh and healthy food to over 700 families every other month，and most importantly，families that would receive the food don’t have to pay.
“When seeing that we could make some difference to others，we were 7 ，” the Paisleys said.“It has always been our goal to increase this 8 .So the second one was decided with the help of our friends.They got encouraged and wanted to 9 their strength.”
The Store provides a unique shopping experience， 10 families to choose food just as they would in any other store.“We don’ t want to let them get awkward，” the Paisleys said.
The couple mentioned the 11 of this method，saying，“This isn’t a simple food storeroom where we hand out left food and vegetables. 12 ，by developing a space into a store，we have 13 a respectful interaction(互动) that hopefully makes people feel like they’re not in a hard situation where they can’t 14 .”
The new store will welcome its first 15 in the summer of 2025，increasing the store’s reach to serve more than 2,000 families facing the problem of lacking food.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了乡村音乐明星Brad Paisley和他的妻子Kimberly宣布他们的第二家免费杂货店——The Store已经选好了地点，来帮助那些食物不足的家庭，为他们免费提供新鲜健康的食物。
1．A.announced B．agreed
C．imagined D．realized
答案 A
解析 announce宣布；agree同意；imagine想象；realize意识到。根据下文“they had chosen a place for their second grocery store”可知，他们已经为第二个杂货店选好了地址，此处指“宣布”了这个消息。故选A。
2．A.big B．free
C．well-organized D．colorfully-painted
答案 B
解析 big大的；free免费的；well-organized组织良好的；colorfully-painted彩色绘制的。根据下文“families that would receive the food don’t have to pay”可知，接受食物的家庭不需要支付费用，因此这是一家“免费的”杂货店。故选B。
3．A.reward B．connect
C．remind D．support
答案 D
解析 reward奖励；connect连接；remind提醒；support支持，帮助。根据空后“families that didn’t have enough food”以及下文“families that would receive the food don’t have to pay”可知，这家店是为了“帮助”那些没有足够食物的家庭。故选D。
4．A.fortunately B．secretly
C．originally D．finally
答案 C
解析 fortunately幸运地；secretly秘密地；originally最初；finally最终。根据上文“that they had chosen a place for their second grocery store—The Store”可知，这对夫妇最初于2020年在贝尔蒙特大学校园里开了第一家免费杂货店The Store，此处介绍了他们当初开第一家免费杂货店的时间、地点和原因。originally符合语境。故选C。
5．A.adventures B．opportunities
C．regrets D．challenges
答案 D
解析 adventure冒险；opportunity机会；regret遗憾；challenge挑战。根据下文“because of the serious results of terrible tornadoes in Nashville”可知，此处指2020年纳什维尔可怕的龙卷风造成的严重后果给人们的生活带来了“挑战”。故选D。
6．A.lends B．offers
C．returns D．sells
答案 B
解析 lend借出；offer提供，自愿给予；return归还；sell出售。根据下文“and most importantly，families that would receive the food don’t have to pay”可知，这家店免费提供新鲜健康的食物给700多个家庭。故选B。
7．A.cheerful B．relaxed
C．confident D．calm
答案 A
解析 cheerful愉快的；relaxed放松的；confident自信的；calm冷静的。根据上文“When seeing that we could make some difference to others”可知，当他们看到自己能为别人带来一些改变时，他们感到“愉快”。故选A。
8．A.interest B．need
C．ability D．effort
答案 D
解析 interest兴趣；need需要；ability能力；effort努力。根据下文“increasing the store’s reach to serve more than 2,000 families facing the problem of lacking food”可知，他们决定开设第二家店是为了能够为更多家庭提供免费健康的事物，给更多人带来一些改变；因此，此处指他们的目标是加强这方面的努力。故选D。
9．A.seek B．share
C．stress D．build
答案 B
解析 seek寻求；share分享；stress强调；build建立。根据上文“So the second one was decided with the help of our friends”可知，Brad Paisley和Kimberly的朋友们受到了鼓舞，想要“分享”他们的力量，在他们的帮助下，Brad Paisley和Kimberly决定开第二家免费杂货店来帮助更多家庭。故选B。
10．A.promising B．driving
C．teaching D．allowing
答案 D
解析 promise承诺；drive驾驶，驱使；teach教授；allow允许，使可能。根据下文“families to choose food just as they would in any other store”以及“We don’t want to let them get awkward”可知，免费杂货店The Store提供独特的购物体验：为了不让这些家庭尴尬，使他们能够像在其他商店一样选择食物。故选D。
11．A.form B．requirement
C．importance D．disadvantage
答案 C
解析 form形式；requirement要求；importance重要性；disadvantage缺点。根据下文“ ，by developing a space into a store，we have a respectful interaction(互动) that hopefully makes people feel like they’re not in a hard situation where they can’t .”可知，夫妇二人提到了这种方法的“重要性”。故选C。
12．A.Anyway B．Instead
C．Therefore D．Besides
答案 B
解析 anyway无论如何；instead相反，而是；therefore因此；besides此外。根据上文“This isn’t a simple food storeroom”以及下文“by developing a space into a store”可知，他们并不是简单地开设一个分发剩下的食物和蔬菜的食品储藏室，而是创造了一种表示尊重的互动，让这些缺少食物的家庭觉得他们并没有陷入困境，instead“相反，而是”符合语境。故选B。
13．A.created B．explained
C．missed D．reported
答案 A
解析 create创造；explain解释；miss错过；report报道。根据上文“‘We don’ t want to let them get awkward, ’the Paisleys said.”以及空后“a respectful interaction(互动)”可知，他们不想让这些获得免费食物的人们尴尬，因此通过将一个空间变成一个商店，“创造”一种表示尊重的互动。故选A。
14．A.break down B．step back
C．move on D．turn up
答案 C
解析 break down崩溃；step back后退；move on继续前进；turn up出现。根据上文“hopefully makes people feel like they’re not in a hard situation where they can’t”可知，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，C选项move on符合语境，表示“无法继续前进的困境”；也就是说，夫妇二人是想让人们感觉他们并不是处于无法继续前进的困境中。故选C。
15．A.customers B．designers
C．reformers D．helpers
答案 A
解析 customer顾客；designer设计师；reformer改革者；helper帮手。根据空前“The new store will welcome its first”以及空后“increasing the store’s reach to serve more than 2,000 families facing the problem of lacking food”可知，此处指新店将于2025年夏天开业，迎来首批“顾客”。故选A。(共102张PPT)
Period 2
Reading and Thinking
History and
traditions
Unit 4
内容索引
Step 1 课文深度理解
Step 2 语言知识梳理
Step 3 基础达标检测
作业2
课文深度理解
1.Which is the right order of the following events
①Scotland was joined.
②The Kingdom of Ireland was added.
③Wales was joined.
④The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland came into being.
⑤The southern part of Ireland broke away.
A.①③②⑤④ B.③②①⑤④
C.①③⑤②④ D.③①②⑤④
√
泛读速选
2.How does the writer develop paragraph 3
A.By using a couple of quotes.
B.By listing some examples.
C.By referring to a social phenomenon.
D.By expressing some personal opinions.
√
3.Which of the following is the achievement of the Normans
A.Building towns and roads.
B.Changing the legal system.
C.Changing the way of building houses.
D.Leaving behind lots of Roman vocabulary.
√
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history of the UK
A.Neutral. B.Doubtful.
C.Indifferent. D.Supportive.
√
5.What is the main idea of the text
A.The people of the United Kingdom.
B.The politics of the United Kingdom.
C.The history of the United Kingdom.
D.The geography of the United Kingdom.
√
WHAT’S IN A NAME
The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by1 [1]what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them，if any2 [2]Getting to know a little bit about3 British history will help you solve this puzzle4.
[1]what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作mean的宾语。
[2]getting to know...British history是动名词短语作主语。
词块翻译：
1._______________
2.____________
3._________________
4._____________
精读细研
对……感到困惑
如果有的话
稍微了解一下……
解开这个谜题
In the 16th century，the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century，the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from5 the UK，
词块翻译：
5.______
脱离
[3]which resulted in6 the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.People from the UK are called “British”，[4]which means the UK is also often referred to as7 Britain or Great Britain.
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。
[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容；means后是省略了引导词that的宾语从句(that在该从句中不作任何成分，无实际意义)。
词块翻译：
6.______
7.____________
导致
被称为……
The four countries [5]that belong to8 the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag，[6]known as9 the Union Jack，as well as10 share the same currency and military defence11.
[5]that引导定语从句，修饰The four countries，that在从句中作主语。
[6]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰flag。
词块翻译：
8._______
9._________
10.____________________
11.______________________
属于
被称为
同(一样也)；和；还
拥有同样的货币和国防
However，they also have some differences.For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems12.They also have their own traditions，like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
词块翻译：
12._______________________
有不同的教育和法律制度
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history13.Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.[7]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by14 evidence of four different groups of people [8]who took over15 at different times throughout history16.
[7]everywhere 意为“所有地方”，引导地点状语从句。
[8]who引导定语从句，修饰people，who在从句中作主语。
词块翻译：
13.______________________
14.____________
15.____________
16.________________
有着悠久而有趣的历史
被……包围
接管，控制
在不同历史时期
The first group，[9]the Romans，came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads.Next，the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way [10]people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind17 lots of new vocabulary，
[9]the Romans作the first group的同位语。
[10]people built houses是省略了关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way。
词块翻译：
17.________
留下
as well as the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They [11]had castles built all around England，and made changes18 to the legal system.The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into19 the English language.
[11]“have sth done”结构，表示“让某事被做”。
词块翻译：
18.__________
19._______________________
做出改变
进入；成为……的一部分
[12]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.[13]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
[12]“there be sth to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
[13]studying the history of the country为动名词短语作主语；make your visit much more enjoyable是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)”结构。
The capital city London is a great place to start，[14]as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way20 back to21 Roman times.
[14]as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句；dating...Roman times是现在分词短语作后置定语。
词块翻译：
20.______________
21._______
一直；自始至终
追溯至
There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK22.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture23，with both new and old traditions.[15]If you keep your eyes open24，you will be surprised to25 find that you can see both its past and its present.
[15]if引导条件状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
词块翻译：
22._________
23._________________________
24.___________
25.________________
全英国
历史与现代文化的迷人交融
留心；留意
很惊奇地做某事
析篇章结构
返 回
Confusion
formed
differences
influencing
introduction
traditions
语言知识梳理
n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑(puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 puzzling adj.令人困惑的；令人费解的)
[教材原句P40]Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
[北师大版]Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的话使我很困惑，因为当时我什么都不理解，除非我能用手摸到它。
1
puzzle
·a puzzle to sb对某人来说是个谜
·puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨
(1)It (puzzle) me that the boy did not puzzle the ____________(puzzle) problem，which was also ___puzzle to other classmates.
(2)Facing this tough situation，I was (puzzle) and tears of anxiety streamed down my face.
puzzled
about/over
puzzling
a
puzzled
(3)(应用文写作之求助信)使我感到困惑的是如何和他相处，您可以好心给我一些建议吗？
____________________________________________.Could you be kind enough to offer me some tips？
写作佳句
What puzzles me is how to get along with him
脱离；背叛；逃脱
2
break away (from sb/sth)
[教材原句P40]Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
break down出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉；分解
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发，突然发生(无被动语态)
break up解体；拆开；驱散；分手
(选词填空)The thieves and began to steal expensive goods in the jewelry store，unaware that the silent alarm still worked.As they broke open display cases，police sirens(警报器) suddenly.The engine of their truck halfway，forcing them to ___________
________their escape route.As the police ran after the thieves，the youngest thief suddenly tears.“We’re finished！” he sobbed.The thief’s leader grabbed him，shouting “ it ！Run！” But police officers had surrounded them，leaving them with no way to escape.
broke in
broke out
broke down
break away
from
broke into
Break
up
[教材原句P40]The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
[外研版]Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person 你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？
vi.应在(某处)；适应 [belonging n.归属；(pl.)财物；动产]
3
belong
belong to意为“属于”，没有被动形式，也不用于进行时，后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。
(1)Keep in mind that you should carry all your (belong) before getting off the bus.
(2)He always inspires us to concentrate on our studies，saying that the future (belong) to the well-educated.
(3)The author tells me that the book belongs on that bookshelf.
词义：_____________
belongings
belongs
应在(某处)
(4)(话题写作之传统文化)剪纸属于中国传统艺术，已有1 500多年的历史。
Paper-cutting __________________________________________
_______________________________has a history of over 1,500 years.
写作佳句
belonging to traditional Chinese art/which/that belongs to traditional Chinese art
[教材原句P40]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
[北师大版]Their school lives are now more attractive and interesting，and they enjoy playing football in the playground，as well as singing songs they’ve learnt.孩子们的学校生活现在更有吸引力也更有趣，他们喜欢在操场上踢足球，也喜欢唱学过的歌。
4
as well as
同(一样也)；和；还
·as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词
等，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的
数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
·用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意为“除……之
外(还)”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
·as well表示“也”，相当于too，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
(1)As well as (travel) in Shandong Province，we will visit Zhejiang Province.
(2)It has been confirmed that he as well as I (be) responsible for the matter.
travel(l)ing
is
(3)(应用文写作之建议信)只有通过均衡饮食和锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
Only by means of balanced diets and exercise________________
__________________________.
(4)(申请信之介绍个人优势)我有组织各种活动的能力，我也善于与他人沟通。
I have the ability to organize various activities，and__________
___________________________________.
写作佳句
can you keep your
figure as well as stay healthy
I am good
at communicating with others as well
[教材原句P40]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，联合王国国旗。
[译林版]In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
5
defence
n.防御；保卫(defend vt.防御；保卫；辩护defensive adj.防御的；防守的；戒备的)
·in defence of保卫；为……辩护
·defend...from/against...保护……不受……
(1)These residents built a long wall in (defend) of the safety of the neighborhood.
(2)Like their children，parents are often (defend) about their private lives.
defence
defensive
(3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免于受伤。
Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed like an arrow _____________
______________________________________________________.
写作佳句
to defend his
son against being hurt/in defence of his son against being hurt
vt.围绕；包围(surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 surroundings n.环境)
[教材原句P40]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.在英国，几乎无论你走到哪里，你都会被四个不同民族的遗迹所包围，他们在历史的不同时期接管了英国。
[北师大版]Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
6
surround
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by被……包围
(1)Surround yourself positive individuals who challenge you to be better.
(2)The (surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight，which almost takes our breath away.
(3)This insect can take on the color of its (surround) in defence of itself.
with
surrounding
surroundings
(4)(话题写作之景点介绍)这座小镇被青山绿水环绕，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。
The small town _________________________________________
_________，attracting visitors from all over the world.
写作佳句
is surrounded by green mountains and clear
rivers
[教材原句P40]So what is the difference between them，if any
那么，如果它们(这些名称)有区别的话，区别何在？
[结构分析]句中if any是if条件状语从句的省略形式，意为“如果有的话”。
if条件状语从句的省略形式
7
与if any类似的结构还有：
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不这样的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果有可能的话
(1)(应用文写作之邀请信)我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空，咱们一起参加我校的音乐节吧。
I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend.___________________
____________________________.
(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我的文章可能有些错误。如果有的话，请指出来。
There may be some mistakes in my article. .
(3)(话题写作之健康生活)如果可能的话，试着每天在同一时间睡觉和起床来保持健康。
，try to go to bed and get up at the same time every day to be in shape.
If so，let’s attend
the music festival in my school
If any，please point them out
If possible
(4)如果有必要，你可以随时和我聊聊你正在经历的事情。
，you can chat with me about what you are going through at any time.
If necessary
[教材原句P41]They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
[结构分析]此句中had castles built是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，由过去分词充当宾语补足语。
8
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
have sth done意为“使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇了某种不幸”
have/let/make sb do sth＝get sb to do sth使/让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth使/让某人/某物一直做某事(与can’t连用表“不允许，不容忍”)
have sth to do有某事要做(不定式作定语)
(1)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你遵循上面的建议，你会发现你的情况很容易改变。
If you follow the above suggestions，______________________________
___________________.
(2)(话题写作之绿色校园)为了建设绿色校园，我们绝不应让灯整夜亮着。
To build a green campus，in no case ______________________________
_________.
you will find it easy to have your
situation changed
should we have lights burning all
night
(3)(应用文写作之道歉信)星期五我有一件重要的事情要处理，所以很抱歉我不能陪你了。
，so I am terribly sorry that I can’t keep you company.
(4)我会让汤姆去机场接你，他中等身高，戴着一副眼镜。
I at the airport and he is of medium height and wears a pair of glasses.
I have an important thing to deal with on Friday
will have Tom pick you up
返 回
基础达标检测
1.In other words，your health will break down if you work too hard.
2.With time going by，she learned to belong in the unfamiliar culture.
Ⅰ.品句猜词
____________
________
(身体)垮掉
vi.适应
1.As (后代) of Confucius，they have a better understanding of his world-famous philosophy.
2.In the sixteenth century，the (附近的) country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
3.I wonder if anyone can tell me the function of the battery.
4.In this case，even (个人) make a difference to environmental protection.
5.With the famous general’s guidelines，the brave soldiers soon _____________this important city.
Ⅱ.单词拼写
descendants
nearby
chief
individuals
conquered
1.If someone (belong) to a particular group，they are members of that group.
2.The policeman，as well as some related people， (have) been trying to find the exact location of the missing boy.
3.It was on account of some misunderstanding that the boy wanted to break away the Ballet Club.
4.The poor boy (surround) by some students，who were curious about his identity.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
belongs
has
from
was surrounded
5.Honestly speaking，I feel (puzzle) about the author’s opinion，so could you please explain it to me
6.All the soldiers were battling against enemies bravely in (defend) of their country.
7.Could you please offer me some tips？ ____so，I can easily deal with this embarrassing situation.
8.Press the button on the machine and you can have such daily goods __________(produce) immediately.
puzzled
defence
If
produced
The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by 1. these different names mean.Wales and Scotland 2. (join) to the Kingdom of England in the 16th and 18th centuries respectively.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，the southern part of Ireland 3. (break) away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today.However，most people just use the 4. (shorten) name: the UK.The four countries 5.__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
what
were joined
broke
shortened
that/which
There were four sets of 6. (invade) and the last group were the Normans.They had castles built all around England and made changes 7. the legal system.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much 8. (enjoy).The capital city London is 9. ancient port city that has a history 10. (date) back to Roman times.
invaders
to
more enjoyable
返 回
an
dating
作业2
1.As far as the author is concerned，it is time that he _________________
(做出改变) to his writing style.
2.I (对……感到困惑) this tough puzzle and I had no choice but to turn to you for help.
3.He often blogs his daily life online and he (被称为) a
blogger.
4.His serious mistake (导致) his breaking away from the organisation，which put him in low spirits.
Ⅰ.短语填空
made changes
was confused by
is referred to as
resulted in
5. (留下) your real identity online likely makes you a target for privacy theft.
Leaving behind
1.众所周知，属于中国传统艺术的剪纸深受国内外人们的喜爱。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
As we all know，paper-cutting is popular with people at home and abroad.
2.来自西方国家的游客对中国艺术家如何用一些纸和一把剪刀创作出如此美丽的作品感到困惑。(how引导宾语从句)
Visitors from Western countries are puzzled about ____________________
__________________________with just some paper and a pair of scissors.
Ⅱ.主题微写作——优秀传统文化展览
belonging to traditional Chinese art
how Chinese artists
create such beautiful works
3.举办这样的展览将使中华文化在外国人当中更广泛地传播。(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Holding such exhibitions will _____________________________________
__________________.
4.这样的展览也可以让中国的年轻人为我们的文化和我们的国家感到自豪。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Such exhibitions can also_________________________________________
____________________.
have Chinese culture spread more widely
among foreigners
make the young in China proud of our culture
and our country
5.如果可能的话，这样的展览也可以在国外举行。(if条件状语从句的省略)
，such exhibitions can be held in foreign countries as well.
组句成篇 以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
If possible
A
(2025·福建福州高一上期末)
Since farmers began digging up ancient bone pieces in the fields around the Yellow River in eastern China over 100 years ago，researchers have been studying the script(文字符号) found on them.But up until now script study has been a task that requires a lot of time and effort.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了甲骨文研究的相关情况。过去，甲骨文文字符号的研究耗时费力，现在研究人员借助名为Diviner的AI模型加速了研究进程，文章还阐述了这项研究的重要意义。
Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读
“A piece of oracle bone(甲骨) may have been recorded several times.Because these recordings are different in how clear and complete they are，a lot of work is needed to relate，compare and explain them，” said Yubin Jiang，a researcher from Fudan University.“In the past，this responsibility fell only on the shoulders of researchers with rich experience and excellent memory，but their research only led to accidental findings.”
Now researchers in Beijing are using AI to speed up the basic but necessary work of comparing each script sample with thousands of others in databases(数据库).This work helps researchers understand them better and sheds light on everything from the daily concerns of people in ancient times to how Chinese writing first developed.
The AI model，named Diviner，was developed by professor Bofeng Mo and senior researcher Zhirong Wu.In November 2022，within one week，the Diviner project compared 181,134 script samples across 100 databases.It not only found tens of thousands of exact copies that people had already identified，but also discovered more than 300 new pairs.Now Diviner has managed to complete this work more quickly.
This is just the first step.
“The job now is to clean the data and recover the data to the original form by joining small pieces to the original big one，” said Wu.With this，
they hope to move on to the final challenge—understanding the meaning of these characters，which could have important effects on different fields.“To archaeologists，they are the cultural remains of humans.To historians，they are the historical material of the Shang Dynasty.To language researchers，they are the earliest system of Chinese characters，” said Mo.
1.What do we know about the script study
A.It started just a few years ago.
B.It has been a long and tiring task.
C.It has been completed successfully.
D.It was mainly carried out by farmers.
√
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But up until now script study has been a task that requires a lot of time and effort.”可知，文字符号研究是一项漫长且累人的任务。故选B。
解析
2.What do Yubin Jiang’s words suggest
A.The study in the past was not scientific enough.
B.The skilled researchers made great achievements.
C.The researchers didn’t have to spend so much time.
D.The recordings of oracle bones made the study easy.
√
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the past，this responsibility fell only on the shoulders of researchers with rich experience and excellent memory，but their research only led to accidental findings.”可知，过去的研究主要依赖经验丰富和记忆力好的研究人员，且成果多为偶然发现，可推理出过去的研究科学性不足。故选A。
解析
3.What does the underlined phrase “sheds light on” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Makes clear. B.Takes over.
C.Hides away. D.Shows off.
√
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“This work helps researchers understand them better and...everything from the daily concerns of people in ancient times to how Chinese writing first developed.”可知，AI 帮助研究人员更好地理解文字符号，对古代人们日常的关注和文字发展等方面也能起到清晰解释的作用，可推理出“sheds light on”应意为“使清楚明白”，故选A。
解析
4.Which is the best title of the text
A.How Is AI Aiding Oracle Bone Script Study
B.The Hidden Stories Behind Oracle Bone Script
C.Oracle Bone Script: Uncovering the Unknown Field
D.Should Researchers Give Way to the AI Model Diviner
√
标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是人工智能如何助力甲骨文文字符号研究。A选项表达的含义能准确概括文章主旨，是本文的最佳标题。故选A。
解析
B(此篇精读)
(2024·浙江高一下期中)
Built in 1990，the Moriyama City Firefly Forest Museum has been trying to recover the number of the Genji firefly(源氏萤火虫)，whose population was near extinction in the first half of the 20th century.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了日本的森山市萤火虫森林博物馆为了恢复源氏萤火虫的数量所做的努力。
In Japan，fireflies have long been the sign of summer.Moriyama’s Genji fireflies were especially prized for their vivid，yellow-green glow.However，from 1868 to 1912，a commercial firefly industry developed.In just one night，a single hunter could catch about as many as 3,000 fireflies，sweeping the earth with brushes to frighten just egg-laying fireflies from riverbanks.It was easiest to catch female fireflies when they laid their eggs.Thus，there were fewer and fewer left to produce the next generation.At the same time，a fast-urbanizing Japan was turning Moriyama’s once ideal habitats into places where few fireflies could survive.Concrete was laid on the banks where there was once grass.Wastewater ran into the waters where the larvae(幼虫) grew.
The founders set its museum in the kind of habitat that Genji fireflies would find attractive.They created an artificial river and planted its banks with grass.Inside the museum，they mate and reproduce Genji fireflies; it is still the only organization to do so in a large size.Fireflies lay thousands of eggs.When the larvae come out，they are moved to boxes with flowing water.They grow there until February when the larvae are moved to the man-made river.Then，the fireflies leave the water and take flight in June.
The museum also has educational purpose.Throughout the year，it lectures on the insect’s history and ecology in schools.They also lead museum activities and other training and awareness campaigns，including the museum’s magazine，From the Firefly Forest.Cleanup activities around waters are also organized.
The action is reasonable but，despite their efforts，the number of Genji fireflies hasn’t increased so much in Moriyama.Most other habitats continue to become worse due to urbanization.Unless people preserve them，fireflies will continue to suffer.“The only chance at recovering Genji firefly populations is to act now，” ecologist Kato warns.“We’re running out of time to provide the environmental education to save Japan’s beloved insect.”
5.What led to the death of the larvae of the Genji firefly
A.The banks where they once lived disappeared.
B.Waters where the larvae grew were polluted.
C.Over 3,000 female fireflies were caught every night.
D.A commercial firefly industry developed their habitats.
√
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Wastewater ran into the waters where the larvae(幼虫) grew.”可知，源氏萤火虫幼虫死亡的原因是幼虫生长的水域被污染了。故选B。
解析
6.What efforts has the Firefly Forest Museum made
A.It has organized various educational activities.
B.It has helped Genji fireflies lay thousands of eggs.
C.It has helped Genji fireflies leave the water and take flight in June.
D.It has created the kind of habitat that the Genji fireflies would find
attractive.
√
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Throughout the year，it lectures on the insect’s history and ecology in schools.They also lead museum activities and other training and awareness campaigns，including the museum’s magazine，From the Firefly Forest.”可推知，森山市萤火虫森林博物馆组织了各种教育活动。故选A。
解析
7.What does Kato think of the task of recovering the Genji fireflies population
A.It is reasonable.
B.It makes no sense.
C.It wastes lots of time.
D.It needs immediate action.
√
观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘The only chance at recovering Genji firefly populations is to act now，’ ecologist Kato warns.‘We’re running out of time to provide the environmental education to save Japan’s beloved insect.’”可推知，加藤认为恢复源氏萤火虫数量的任务需要立即行动。故选D。
解析
8.What is the text mainly about
A.The extinction of Genji fireflies in Japan.
B.The reappearance of Genji fireflies in Japan.
C.Efforts made to recover Genji fireflies by a Japanese museum.
D.The effect of urbanization on Japan’s favorite glowing insect.
√
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段点明主旨，说明日本的森山市萤火虫森林博物馆自1990年创建至今一直在为恢复源氏萤火虫的数量而努力，第三、四段对该博物馆所做的努力进行了详细介绍。故短文主要是关于一家日本博物馆为恢复源氏萤火虫所做的努力。故选C。
解析
1.glow n.微弱稳定的光
2.comercial adj.商业的→commerce n.商业
3.urban adj.城市的→urbanize v.使城市化→urbanization n.城市化，都市化
4.artificial adj.人工的
5.run out of用完；耗尽
词汇积累
1.Built in 1990，the Moriyama City Firefly Forest Museum has been trying to recover the number of the Genji firefly，whose population was near extinction in the first half of the 20th century.
分析：本句为复合句。Built in 1990为过去分词短语作状语；whose引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Genji firefly，先行词与population构成所属关系，whose在从句中充当定语。
翻译：森山市萤火虫森林博物馆建于1990年，一直在努力恢复源氏萤火虫的数量，源氏萤火虫的数量在20世纪上半叶几乎灭绝。
句式分析
2.At the same time，a fast-urbanizing Japan was turning Moriyama’s once ideal habitats into places where few fireflies could survive.
分析：本句为复合句。where引导限制性定语从句，先行词为places，where在从句中充当地点状语。
翻译：与此同时，快速城市化的日本正在把森山曾经理想的栖息地变成萤火虫几乎无法生存的地方。
(2025·河南南阳高一上期末)
Every day，kindness happens somewhere in this world.Country music star Brad Paisley and his wife，
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了乡村音乐明星Brad Paisley和他的妻子Kimberly宣布他们的第二家免费杂货店——The Store已经选好了地点，来帮助那些食物不足的家庭，为他们免费提供新鲜健康的食物。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Kimberly， 1 that they had chosen a place for their second 2 grocery store—The Store.It was designed to 3 families that didn’t have enough food.
1.A.announced B.agreed
C.imagined D.realized
2.A.big B.free
C.well-organized D.colorfully-painted
3.A.reward B.connect
C.remind D.support
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1.announce宣布；agree同意；imagine想象；realize意识到。根据下文“they had chosen a place for their second grocery store”可知，他们已经为第二个杂货店选好了地址，此处指“宣布”了这个消息。故选A。
2.big大的；free免费的；well-organized组织良好的；colorfully-painted彩色绘制的。根据下文“families that would receive the food don’t have to pay”可知，接受食物的家庭不需要支付费用，因此这是一家“免费的”杂货店。故选B。
3.reward奖励；connect连接；remind提醒；support支持，帮助。根据空后“families that didn’t have enough food”以及下文“families that would receive the food don’t have to pay”可知，这家店是为了“帮助”那些没有足够食物的家庭。故选D。
解析
The couple 4 opened The Store on Belmont University’s campus in 2020，when people had some 5 because of the serious results of terrible tornadoes in Nashville.
4.A.fortunately B.secretly
C.originally D.finally
5.A.adventures B.opportunities
C.regrets D.challenges
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4.fortunately幸运地；secretly秘密地；originally最初；finally最终。根据上文“that they had chosen a place for their second grocery store—The Store”可知，这对夫妇最初于2020年在贝尔蒙特大学校园里开了第一家免费杂货店The Store，此处介绍了他们当初开第一家免费杂货店的时间、地点和原因。originally符合语境。故选C。
5.adventure冒险；opportunity机会；regret遗憾；challenge挑战。根据下文“because of the serious results of terrible tornadoes in Nashville”可知，此处指2020年纳什维尔可怕的龙卷风造成的严重后果给人们的生活带来了“挑战”。故选D。
解析
The Store 6 fresh and healthy food to over 700 families every other month，and most importantly，families that would receive the food don’t have to pay.
6.A.lends B.offers
C.returns D.sells
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lend借出；offer提供，自愿给予；return归还；sell出售。根据下文“and most importantly，families that would receive the food don’t have to pay”可知，这家店免费提供新鲜健康的食物给700多个家庭。故选B。
解析
“When seeing that we could make some difference to others，we were 7 ，” the Paisleys said.“It has always been our goal to increase this 8 . So the second one was decided with the help of our friends.They got encouraged and wanted to 9 their strength.”
7.A.cheerful B.relaxed
C.confident D.calm
8.A.interest B.need
C.ability D.effort
9.A.seek B.share
C.stress D.build
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7.cheerful愉快的；relaxed放松的；confident自信的；calm冷静的。根据上文“When seeing that we could make some difference to others”可知，当他们看到自己能为别人带来一些改变时，他们感到“愉快”。故选A。
8.interest兴趣；need需要；ability能力；effort努力。根据下文“increasing the store’s reach to serve more than 2,000 families facing the problem of lacking food”可知，他们决定开设第二家店是为了能够为更多家庭提供免费健康的事物，给更多人带来一些改变；因此，此处指他们的目标是加强这方面的努力。故选D。
9.seek寻求；share分享；stress强调；build建立。根据上文“So the second one was decided with the help of our friends”可知，Brad Paisley和Kimberly的朋友们受到了鼓舞，想要“分享”他们的力量，在他们的帮助下，Brad Paisley和Kimberly决定开第二家免费杂货店来帮助更多家庭。故选B。
解析
The Store provides a unique shopping experience， 10 families to choose food just as they would in any other store.“We don’ t want to let them get awkward，” the Paisleys said.
10.A.promising B.driving
C.teaching D.allowing
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promise承诺；drive驾驶，驱使；teach教授；allow允许，使可能。根据下文“families to choose food just as they would in any other store”以及“We don’t want to let them get awkward”可知，免费杂货店The Store提供独特的购物体验：为了不让这些家庭尴尬，使他们能够像在其他商店一样选择食物。故选D。
解析
The couple mentioned the 11 of this method，saying，“This isn’t a simple food storeroom where we hand out left food and vegetables. 12 ，by developing a space into a store，
11.A.form B.requirement
C.importance D.disadvantage
12.A.Anyway B.Instead
C.Therefore D.Besides
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11.form形式；requirement要求；importance重要性；disadvantage缺点。根据下文“ ，by developing a space into a store，we have a respectful interaction(互动) that hopefully makes people feel like they’re not in a hard situation where they can’t .”可知，夫妇二人提到了这种方法的“重要性”。故选C。
12.anyway无论如何；instead相反，而是；therefore因此；besides此外。根据上文“This isn’t a simple food storeroom”以及下文“by developing a space into a store”可知，他们并不是简单地开设一个分发剩下的食物和蔬菜的食品储藏室，而是创造了一种表示尊重的互动，让这些缺少食物的家庭觉得他们并没有陷入困境，instead“相反，而是”符合语境。故选B。
解析
we have 13 a respectful interaction(互动) that hopefully makes people feel like they’re not in a hard situation where they can’t 14 .”
13.A.created B.explained
C.missed D.reported
14.A.break down B.step back
C.move on D.turn up
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13.create创造；explain解释；miss错过；report报道。根据上文“‘We don’ t want to let them get awkward, ’the Paisleys said.”以及空后“a respectful interaction(互动)”可知，他们不想让这些获得免费食物的人们尴尬，因此通过将一个空间变成一个商店，“创造”一种表示尊重的互动。故选A。
14.break down崩溃；step back后退；move on继续前进；turn up出现。根据上文“hopefully makes people feel like they’re not in a hard situation where they can’t”可知，where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，C选项move on符合语境，表示“无法继续前进的困境”；也就是说，夫妇二人是想让人们感觉他们并不是处于无法继续前进的困境中。故选C。
解析
The new store will welcome its first 15 in the summer of 2025，increasing the store’s reach to serve more than 2,000 families facing the problem of lacking food.
15.A.customers B.designers
C.reformers D.helpers
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customer顾客；designer设计师；reformer改革者；helper帮手。根据空前“The new store will welcome its first”以及空后“increasing the store’s reach to serve more than 2,000 families facing the problem of lacking food”可知，此处指新店将于2025年夏天开业，迎来首批“顾客”。故选A。
解析
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