Section Ⅴ Grammar
Grammar 1——不定式
一、不定式的句法功能
不定式保留了动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语或单独使用。
1.作主语
[先感知]
①To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. (译林版选择性必修一U1)
②It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. (教材典句)
[会发现] 句①为动词不定式作主语;句②中it作形式主语,不定式为真正的主语。句①②中谓语动词为单数形式。
[明规则] 不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数形式,其位置有以下两种:
(1)不定式置于句首。
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后。特别是不定式短语较长时,这样可以避免句子的“头重脚轻”。
2.作表语
[先感知]
①Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. (教材典句)
②For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people. (人教版选择性必修三U1)
[会发现] 句①②中动词不定式在句中作表语,位于系动词之后。句①表示将来的动作;句②说明主语的内容。
[明规则] 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容,也可表示将来的动作。
3.作宾语
[先感知]
①He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. (外研版选择性必修三U5)
②We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
[会发现] 句①②中不定式作宾语。一般位于不及物动词之后。
[明规则] 下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语:
decide、determine、learn、want、expect、hope、wish、refuse、manage、care、pretend、offer、promise、choose、plan、agree、ask、beg、help等。
口诀记忆如下:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
小题集训1 单句语法填空
①His wish is to be(be) a doctor in the future.
②It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.
③People want to know(know) who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.
④The aim of the activity is to promote(promote) people's awareness of environmental protection.
⑤We tend to do(do) what we are good at and enjoy.
4.作定语
[先感知]
①In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. (人教版必修三U4)
②That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. (外研版必修二U3)
③If you have the chance to travel anywhere in the world, where will you go (人教版必修一U2)
④We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
[会发现] 句①中不定式to get married与person之间是主谓关系;句②中不定式to play与game之间为动宾关系;句③中不定式to travel与chance之间是同位关系。句④中不定式表将来。
[明规则] 通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
[名师点津] ①不定式作定语时,若句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动意义;若句子的主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动意义。
He has a large family to support.
他有一大家人要养活。
Are you going to the conference to be held next week
你参加下周举行的会议吗
②不定式作定语,且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式须用及物动词;如果不定式动词为不及物动词,则需要有必要的介词。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
What she needs most is a room to live in.
她最需要的是一间住房。
5.作状语
[先感知]
①To achieve all I want, I must use my time well. (教材典句)
②Mr Yang was selected to attend pilot training with 13 other people. (人教版必修三U4)
③I have enjoyed my visit to China.I'll be very sorry to leave.
[会发现] 句①②③中不定式在句中作状语。
[明规则] 不定式作状语多表示目的、原因、结果等。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。
[名师点津] 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,有时在不定式前面加上only。
They arrived at the airport, only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm. (译林版必修三U2)
他们到达机场,却发现航班因暴风雪而取消了。
6.作补语
[先感知]
①The teacher had us recite the text every day.
②The boss made his men work all the night.
[会发现] 句①②中为省略不定式符号to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
[明规则]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾语补足语:
·劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend、teach、order、command、ask、tell);
·允许又警告(allow、permit、warn);
·使役表意向(cause、let、have、make、lead、set、leave、get、wish、want、expect);
·知觉动词妙(feel、hear、watch、see、observe、notice)。
(2)不定式作宾语补足语,在部分感官及使役动词后,用不带to的不定式作宾补,常见的动词有let、make、have、see、watch、notice、observe、look at、listen to、feel等。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了不定式作宾语补足语时,主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to;但在变为被动结构时,省略的to则必须加上。
She noticed a change come over his face.
她注意到他的脸色变了。
Jim was seen to pass by the window.
吉姆被看见从窗前经过。
小题集训2 单句语法填空
①John is always the first one to come(come) up with a good idea.
②After staying in China for 3 years,Mr Green has the ability to speak(speak) Chinese.
③To finish(finish) the task on time,we work late into the night every day.
④I was surprised to see(see) that a four-year-old child could sing so well.
⑤Mary hurried to school,only to be told(tell) it was Sunday.
二、“疑问词+不定式”结构
[先感知]
①How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
②He sat there, not knowing what to say. (译林版必修三U3)
③My main concern is how to get there on time. (人教版选择性必修三U2)
[会发现] 句①为“疑问词+不定式”作主语;句②为“疑问词+不定式”作宾语;句③为“疑问词+不定式”作表语。
[明规则] 疑问代词(who、which、what等)和疑问副词(how、when、where等)后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
三、不定式的否定式
[先感知]
①The doctor advised me not to smoke.
②Father warned me never to drive after drinking.
[会发现] 句①②为不定式的否定形式。
[明规则] 将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成not to do或never to do的形式。
小题集训3 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When we arrived, Thomas told us never to leave(leave) the group.
②A lecture given by a psychology professor on how to cope(cope) with pressure was held yesterday.
③When to set off for Beijing hasn't been decided.
什么时候动身去北京还没有决定。
维度一 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.My mother taught me how to play the piano.
2.I do not know what to do and where to go.
3.The best way to improve(improve) your English is to join(join) an English club.
4.I'm beginning to understand(understand) my Chinese roots,and who I am.
5.It's also a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study(study) in groups during the evening.
6.Zoos are habitats for animals to live(live) in.
7.To be (be) a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.
8.Thank you for giving me the chance to make(make) the speech.
9.Sometimes they have disagreements,and decide not to talk(talk) to each other.
10.It made me happy to find (find) Mary there.
维度二 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.Julia failed to pass the exam.
朱丽叶未能通过考试。
2.The map can show you where to go.
这张地图可以告诉你往哪走。
3.I'm sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
听到你妈妈病了,我很难过。
4.To catch up with others, my cousin is working hard.
为了赶上别人,我表弟正在努力学习。
5.Please tell him not/never to be late for the meeting.
请告诉他开会不要迟到。
维度三 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
Last week,I was invited 1.to attend (attend) a birthday party for a friend.2.To catch(catch) the first bus,I set off in the early morning.However,I was still the last 3.to arrive(arrive).I reached the appointed place,only 4.to find(find) a messy room with many birthday decorations,but no one there.I decided 5.to go(go) back home.I was about to leave when my friends suddenly came out from behind the curtain,shouting,“April Fools' Day!” What a surprising party! (共33张PPT)
Section Ⅴ Grammar
Grammar１——不定式
内
容
索
引
课时精练
一、不定式的句法功能
不定式保留了动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语或单独使用。
1.作主语
[先感知]
①To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.(译林版选择性必修一U1)
②It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.(教材典句)
[会发现] 句①为动词不定式作 ;句②中it作 ,不定式为真正的主语。句①②中谓语动词为
形式。
主语
形式主语
单数
[明规则] 不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数形式,其位置有以下两种:
(1)不定式置于句首。
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后。特别是不定式短语较长时,这样可以避免句子的“头重脚轻”。
2.作表语
[先感知]
①Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.(教材典句)
②For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be to criticise other people.(人教版选择性必修三U1)
[会发现] 句①②中动词不定式在句中作 ,位于
之后。句①表示将来的动作;句②说明主语的内容。
[明规则] 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语,通常说明或解释主语的内容,也可表示将来的动作。
表语
系动词
3.作宾语
[先感知]
①He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way.(外研版选择性必修三U5)
②We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
[会发现] 句①②中不定式作 。一般位于不及物动词之后。
宾语
[明规则] 下列动词一般用动词不定式作宾语:
decide、determine、learn、want、expect、hope、wish、refuse、manage、care、pretend、offer、promise、choose、plan、agree、ask、beg、help等。
口诀记忆如下:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
小题集训1 单句语法填空
①His wish is (be) a doctor in the future.
② was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.
③People want (know) who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.
④The aim of the activity is (promote) people’s awareness of environmental protection.
⑤We tend (do) what we are good at and enjoy.
to be
It
to know
to promote
to do
4.作定语
[先感知]
①In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.(人教版必修三U4)
②That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. (外研版必修二U3)
③If you have the chance to travel anywhere in the world, where will you go (人教版必修一U2)
④We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
[会发现] 句①中不定式to get married与person之间是 关系;句②中不定式to play与game之间为 关系;句③中不定式to travel与chance之间是 关系。句④中不定式表 。
[明规则] 通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。
主谓
动宾
同位
将来
[名师点津] ①不定式作定语时,若句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动意义;若句子的主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动意义。
He has a large family to support.
他有一大家人要养活。
Are you going to the conference to be held next week
你参加下周举行的会议吗
②不定式作定语,且与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式须用及物动词;如果不定式动词为不及物动词,则需要有必要的介词。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支钢笔写字。
What she needs most is a room to live in.
她最需要的是一间住房。
5.作状语
[先感知]
①To achieve all I want, I must use my time well.(教材典句)
②Mr Yang was selected to attend pilot training with 13 other people.(人教版必修三U4)
③I have enjoyed my visit to China.I’ll be very sorry to leave.
[会发现] 句①②③中不定式在句中作 。
状语
[明规则] 不定式作状语多表示目的、原因、结果等。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。
[名师点津] 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,有时在不定式前面加上only。
They arrived at the airport, only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.(译林版必修三U2)
他们到达机场,却发现航班因暴风雪而取消了。
6.作补语
[先感知]
①The teacher had us recite the text every day.
②The boss made his men work all the night.
[会发现] 句①②中为省略不定式符号to的动词不定式作 。
宾语补足语
[明规则]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾语补足语:
·劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend、teach、order、command、ask、tell);·允许又警告(allow、permit、warn);·使役表意向(cause、let、have、make、lead、set、leave、get、wish、want、expect);·知觉动词妙(feel、hear、watch、see、observe、notice)。
(2)不定式作宾语补足语,在部分感官及使役动词后,用不带to的不定式作宾补,常见的动词有let、make、have、see、watch、notice、observe、look at、listen to、feel等。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了不定式作宾语补足语时,主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to;但在变为被动结构时,省略的to则必须加上。
She noticed a change come over his face.
她注意到他的脸色变了。
Jim was seen to pass by the window.
吉姆被看见从窗前经过。
小题集训2 单句语法填空
①John is always the first one (come) up with a good idea.
②After staying in China for 3 years,Mr Green has the ability
(speak) Chinese.
③ (finish) the task on time,we work late into the night every day.
④I was surprised (see) that a four-year-old child could sing so well.
⑤Mary hurried to school,only (tell) it was Sunday.
to come
to speak
To finish
to see
to be told
二、“疑问词+不定式”结构
[先感知]
①How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
②He sat there, not knowing what to say.(译林版必修三U3)
③My main concern is how to get there on time.
(人教版选择性必修三U2)
[会发现] 句①为“疑问词+不定式”作 ;句②为“疑问词+不定式”作 ;句③为“疑问词+不定式”作 。
主语
宾语
表语
[明规则] 疑问代词(who、which、what等)和疑问副词(how、when、where等)后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
三、不定式的否定式
[先感知]
①The doctor advised me not to smoke.
②Father warned me never to drive after drinking.
[会发现] 句①②为不定式的 形式。
[明规则] 将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成not to do或never to do的形式。
否定
小题集训3 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When we arrived, Thomas told us never (leave) the group.
②A lecture given by a psychology professor on how (cope) with pressure was held yesterday.
③ hasn’t been decided.
什么时候动身去北京还没有决定。
to leave
to cope
When to set off for Beijing
课 时 精 练
维度一 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.My mother taught me to play the piano.
2.I do not know to do and where to go.
3.The best way (improve) your English is
(join) an English club.
4.I’m beginning (understand) my Chinese roots,and who I am.
how
what
to improve
to join
to understand
5.It’s also a good idea for parents to allow teenagers
(study) in groups during the evening.
6.Zoos are habitats for animals (live) in.
7. (be) a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.
8.Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.
to study
to live
To be
to make
9.Sometimes they have disagreements,and decide not (talk) to each other.
10.It made me happy (find) Mary there.
to talk
to find
维度二 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.Julia failed .
朱丽叶未能通过考试。
2.The map can show you .
这张地图可以告诉你往哪走。
3.I’m sorry .
听到你妈妈病了,我很难过。
to pass the exam
where to go
to hear that your mother is ill
4. , my cousin is working hard.
为了赶上别人,我表弟正在努力学习。
5.Please tell .
请告诉他开会不要迟到。
To catch up with others
him not/never to be late for the meeting
维度三 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共10分)
Last week,I was invited 1. (attend) a birthday party for a friend.2. (catch) the first bus,I set off in the early morning.However,I was still the last 3. (arrive).
I reached the appointed place,only 4. (find) a messy room with many birthday decorations,but no one there.I decided
5. (go) back home.I was about to leave when my friends suddenly came out from behind the curtain,shouting,“April Fools’ Day!” What a surprising party!
to attend
To catch
to arrive
to find
to go
Thanks！
本
讲
内
容
结
束Grammar 2——-ed/-ing形容词
一、句法功能
[先感知]
①Not all of us were frightened at the news he told us.
②When he heard the words,there was a satisfied smile on the expert's face.
③The intense study made me stressed greatly.
④Many of us usually think it boring to revise the knowledge we have learnt.
⑤The man often uses his frightening look to scare the naughty boys away.
⑥Unfortunately,the injury on his back is becoming more serious,which is worrying.
[会发现] 句①⑥中-ed/-ing形容词在句中作表语;句②⑤中-ed/-ing形容词在句中作定语;
句③④中-ed/-ing形容词在句中作宾语补足语。
[明规则] -ed/-ing形容词在句中可以用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
二、-ed形容词
[先感知]
①The boy was delighted with his new knife.He had been wanting one for a long time.
②The audience were very excited by the show.
③The frightened child began to cry.
④I'm tired of living abroad.
[会发现] 句①②③④中-ed形容词意为“感到……的”。
[明规则] 这类形容词主要用来说明人的感受,含有“感到……的”之意,其中比较常见的有:astonished 惊讶的;delighted高兴的;disappointed 失望的;excited 激动的;frightened 恐惧的;interested 感兴趣的;moved 感动的;pleased 高兴的;satisfied 满意的;surprised 吃惊的;tired 疲劳的;worried 担心的。
三、-ing形容词
[先感知]
①The scope of the exhibition is disappointing.
②Seen from the students' viewpoint,the oral exam can be frightening.
[会发现] 句①②中-ing形容词意为“令人……的”。
[明规则] 这类形容词主要用来说明给人的感受,含有“令人……的”之意,其中比较常见的有:disappointing 令人失望的;exciting 令人激动的;frightening 可怕的;interesting 有趣的;moving 动人的;satisfying 令人满意的;surprising 令人吃惊的;tiring 令人疲劳的;worrying 令人担心的。
[名师点津]
(1)-ed形容词通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与人相关的事物(如人的表情、声音、笑容等),如 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”,即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
(2)-ing形容词主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
The man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。
(3)比较并体会:
a frightened look害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)
a frightening look吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕)
an excited talk心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)
an exciting talk令人激动的谈话(指“谈话”令人激动)
小题集训 单句语法填空
①I was astonished (astonish) that Henry lost his job.
②She was disappointed (disappoint) at his refusal.
③My doctor says she is pleased (please) with my progress.
④It is exciting (excite) that our monitor has won the English speech competition.
⑤Hearing our voice, the frightened (frighten) rabbit ran into the bushes quickly.
⑥There was a surprised look on his face when he heard the surprising news. (surprise)
[基础语境练]
维度一 用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.She was moved(move) when her neighbour remembered her in his will.
2.At a conscious level,I was quite satisfied(satisfy) with my life.
3.I was worried (worry) that the branch wouldn't take my weight.
4.I could listen to him for hours.He's one of the most interesting(interest) people I've ever met.
5.Remember that people can be boring but only if they make other people feel bored. (bore)
6.He was surprised(surprise) to see Helen.She'd told him she was going to Australia.
7.Feeling tired(tire) and depressed,he went to bed.
8.It's astonishing (astonish) that she should say that sort of thing to you.
9.We could tell from his expression that this was a satisfying (satisfy) result.
10.Seeing a snake, the woman has a frightened (frighten) look on her face.
维度二 用所给词的正确形式完成语段(每小题2分,共10分)
On Saturday,I took my children to the circus (马戏团). I thought I would have a 1.boring(bore) time,but actually I was quite 2.interested(interest) in the 3.amazing(amaze) acts.We were 4.shocked (shock) by the acrobats (杂技演员). We were really attracted by their 5.exciting (excite) performances.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
(2025·龙岩市高一上期中)
Study Abroad Programs in New Zealand
New Zealand is a land of breathtaking natural beauty, friendly locals, and a unique cultural heritage.Here are some study abroad programs for high school students.
Homestay Exchange
Students who come to New Zealand for a semester or a whole year usually stay with local host families.This provides a great chance for them to experience the typical daily life in New Zealand.Students learning the language can improve their language abilities by communicating with their host families.And for those who are already good at the language, they can gain a deeper understanding of the local lifestyle.
Adventure Study Tours
These tours are an excellent choice for high school students who want to have a short but meaningful study experience abroad.The tours are often based on different themes such as art exploration, outdoor exploration, or community service.Students will have a special and enjoyable time while combining educational elements such as history or nature studies—without leaving their regular schoolwork behind.
Winter Study Program
For students who only have their winter break available, a specialized winter program is ideal.Remember, the winter in the northern hemisphere (半球) is the summer in New Zealand.Frequently, these winter programs are connected with colleges, enabling students to get university credits.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新西兰为高中生提供的几个海外留学项目,包括寄宿家庭交流、探险学习之旅和冬季学习项目,并对每个项目进行了简要的描述和说明。
1.What can Homestay Exchange offer
A.A complete knowledge of our textbooks.
B.A better chance to understand New Zealand's culture.
C.A great method to communicate with expert educators.
D.A valuable opportunity to make friends from all over the world.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章“Homestay Exchange”部分中的“Students who come to...daily life in New Zealand.”以及“And for those who are...of the local lifestyle.”可知,寄宿家庭交流能提供一个更好地了解新西兰文化和生活方式的机会。故选B项。]
2.Who might be interested in Adventure Study Tours
A.Those who are interested in music.
B.Those who are fond of art exploration.
C.Those who like indoor activities.
D.Those who wish to do part-time jobs.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章“Adventure Study Tours”部分中的“The tours are often...or community service.”可知,那些喜欢艺术探索的人可能会对探险学习之旅感兴趣。故选B项。]
3.What do these three programs in New Zealand have in common
A.They all give university credits to students.
B.They all only focus on language learning.
C.They all offer educational activities to foreign students.
D.They all provide an opportunity to explore different themes.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章“Homestay Exchange”部分中的“Students who come to...with local host families.”“Adventure Study Tours”部分中的“These tours are an excellent...meaningful study experience abroad.”以及“Winter Study Program”部分中的“For students who only have...winter program is ideal.”可知,这三个项目都向外国学生提供了教育活动。故选C项。]
B
“Gluten free (无麸质), lactose free, vegan...” These ideas on diet might sound unfamiliar to many in China.That's why Wang Jiaqi, a 16-year-old girl from Beijing, opened a special ice cream store called EIS Engelchen in Beijing's Sanlitun, to spread a healthier way to enjoy ice cream.
“My friends and I love ice cream, but we've never encountered an ice cream that really ‘wows' us,” Wang said.Then one day she heard her mom say that she had the best ice cream of her life at a café in a little town in Germany.“I immediately wanted to go there and try it for myself,” she added.
Lucky for her, during her summer holiday, Wang was able to go to the town and work as a waitress in the café selling ice cream.“I not only got to taste it myself, but also learned about the healthy idea.In China, where many people are lactose intolerant (乳糖不耐受) or vegan, finding suitable ice cream is challenging due to the common use of milk and eggs.” So, Wang decided to bring this ice cream back to China to be enjoyed by even more people.
At the time, the brand was only sold to cafés and hotels in Germany.But after discussions with the brand's management, Wang not only gained the right to sell the ice cream but also opened the first physical EIS Engelchen store—all the way in China.
Wang believes that starting a business begins with something small and is a step-by-step process.“When I was in primary school, I sold products like cookies made by myself among students,” Wang said.“I think business is about noticing problems around you and working out ways to solve them.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁的北京女孩王佳琪因对健康饮食的兴趣,将德国的一款特别冰淇淋引进中国,开设了EIS Engelchen冰淇淋店,旨在提供更健康的冰淇淋选择。
4.Where did Wang Jiaqi hear of the German ice cream for the first time
A.From her mother.
B.In the café.
C.From her friend.
D.From the internet.
答案 A [细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Then one day she heard...a little town in Germany.”可知,她是从她妈妈那里第一次听说德国冰淇淋的。故选A项。]
5.Why did Wang Jiaqi open the ice cream store in Beijing
A.She wanted to provide a place for friends to hang out.
B.She was trying to promote traditional Chinese ice cream flavors.
C.She wanted to solve the problem of lactose intolerance in China.
D.She wanted to promote a healthier way to enjoy ice cream in China.
答案 D [细节理解题。由文章第三段中“‘I not only got to taste it myself...milk and eggs.’...enjoyed by even more people.”可知,她想在中国推广一种更健康的享用冰淇淋的方式,因此在北京开冰淇淋店。故选D项。]
6.Which of the following word can best describe Wang Jiaqi
A.Business-minded. B.Kind-hearted.
C.Hard-working. D.Strong-willed.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,她从小就有商业头脑。故选A项。]
7.What's the main idea of the text
A.A teenager called on people to eat healthy food.
B.A Chinese girl started her own ice cream business.
C.Bringing German food to China faced great challenges.
D.Traditional ice cream was increasingly popular among students.
答案 B [主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段可知,本文主要讲述了一个中国女孩开始了自己的冰淇淋生意。故选B项。]
C
(2025·连云港市高一上期中)
Have you ever heard of the online topic “20 minutes for parks” It's all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time.This year, a trend (趋势) is rising in China—young people are choosing to hang out in parks more often.
Huang Bingbing, a Shenzhen resident, is one of them.Three years ago, she started going to the small park downstairs from her office for lunch breaks on weekdays.“On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals.It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained.She believes parks can feel like your own secret hideaway.Being introverted (内向的), she finds parks to be ideal relaxing places for people like her.
Yet, parks are also shared spaces.They are different from shopping malls and cinemas for a particular reason, according to young stage designer Liu Xi, who sees parks as places that contradict consumerism (消费主义).In parks, people can walk, boat, read under the trees, or simply be lost in thought on a bench.
Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan.She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them.Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants.
Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to parks by building a sense of ownership.She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things.“I hope our group takes more social responsibility.Each of us can become a guardian and contributor to the parks and our city,” she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国年轻人越来越喜欢在公园里度过时光,以减轻压力和增进与自然的联系。
8.What do we know about “20 minutes for parks”
A.It can make people less stressed.
B.It is more suitable for active people.
C.It is increasingly popular among the old.
D.It encourages people to exercise more in parks.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段“It's all about the idea...out in parks more often.”可知,“20 minutes for parks”即每天只需在公园里待上20分钟,无论你如何度过这段时间,都可以帮助减轻压力。故选A项。]
9.What does the underlined word “contradict” in paragraph 3 mean
A.push for B.focus on
C.go against D.agree with
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据第三段“They are different from shopping...to young stage designer”以及“In parks, people can walk...in thought on a bench.”可知,在公园散步、划船、在树下阅读或者在长椅上沉思,与在购物中心和电影院的消费行为不同,在公园不涉及消费行为,可推测“contradict”意为“go against”,即与消费主义相反。故选C项。]
10.What does Cheng inspire her Douban group members to do
A.Follow local practices.
B.Visit local parks more often.
C.Make contributions to parks.
D.Donate benches without names.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第四段“She noticed that locals...schedules of the plants.”以及最后一段可知,Cheng鼓励她的小组成员为公园做贡献。故选C项。]
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Finding peace of mind in parks.
B.Keeping more connected to parks.
C.Making parks more attractive to visit.
D.Enjoying the popularity of local parks.
答案 A [标题归纳题。根据第一段“It's all about the idea...out in parks more often.”可知,文章主要介绍了中国年轻人越来越喜欢在公园里度过时光,以减轻压力和增进与自然的联系,来找到内心的平静。故选A项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·景德镇市高一上期中)
Healthy habits that stick
Here are five rules that helped me develop good habits.
1.Pick habits you honestly want to have
I didn't choose habits I thought I should add because of what anyone else was doing. 1 It was about listening to myself.
2.Build your habit your own way
When I started to build up an exercise routine (习惯), I only went when I wanted to go.For me, that was around 2 pm every day. 2 If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike, I'd do only 20 minutes and then leave.
3.Start small
I knew that if I tried to take on too much, I'd find a way to make an excuse. 3 I started with two minutes of exercise, which were finally built up to 10, then 20 minutes.I realized that just doing something, no matter how small, meant I was more likely to do it again the next day.
4.Be kind to yourself
4 When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise, I didn't beat myself up.Instead of punishing myself, I tried to love myself—and that had a more enjoyable and lasting effect.
5.Celebrate every small victory
When I began keeping a diary every morning, I put a number in the corner of each page to show how many diaries I had written. 5 Finally, after I filled up a notebook, I celebrated buying a new notebook.
A.If I missed a day, I let it go.
B.I can make exercise less boring.
C.So my daily purposes were very small.
D.I celebrated my pen running out of ink.
E.It wasn't about keeping up with other people.
F.I should celebrate my success with my friends.
G.It also meant that I would do whatever I wanted to do once I got there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养成好习惯的五条规则。
1.E [根据空前后句可知,我并没有因为别人的所作所为而选择我认为应该增加的习惯。我要倾听自己内心的声音。所以小题1起到承上启下的作用。故E选项“这不是为了追逐他人的脚步。”切题。故选E项。]
2.G [根据下文中的“If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike, I'd do only 20 minutes and then leave.”可知,如果我想骑车20分钟,我只会骑20分钟,然后离开。所以小题2先总说,然后再接下一句进行分说。G选项“这也意味着一旦我到了那里,我会做任何我想做的事。”切题。故选G项。]
3.C [根据该段小标题 Start small 及画线处上一句中的“I knew that if I tried to take on too much, I'd find a way to make an excuse.”可知,我知道如果我承担得太多,我会找借口的。所以小题3要承接上文说明每次只给自己制定一些小目标。故C选项“所以我的日常目标很小。”切题。 故选C项。]
4.A [根据下一句中的“When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise, I didn't beat myself up.”可知,当我感冒错过了几天的锻炼时,我并没有自责。所以小题4要说明如果作者错过了什么的时候,作者的态度是怎么样的,以此说明主题。故A 选项“如果我落下一天,那就落下吧。”切题。故选A项。]
5.D [根据该段小标题 Celebrate every small victory 以及画线处下一句中的“Finally, after I filled up a notebook, I celebrated buying a new notebook.”可知,我会庆祝自己的每一个小成功,当笔记本写满了的时候,我庆祝买一个新的笔记本。所以小题5与上下句为并列关系,来说明庆祝的内容。故D选项“我庆祝我的笔没墨水了”切题。故选D项。](共56张PPT)
Grammar 2——-ed/-ing形容词
内
容
索
引
课时精练
一、句法功能
[先感知]
①Not all of us were frightened at the news he told us.
②When he heard the words,there was a satisfied smile on the expert’s face.
③The intense study made me stressed greatly.
④Many of us usually think it boring to revise the knowledge we have learnt.
⑤The man often uses his frightening look to scare the naughty boys away.
⑥Unfortunately,the injury on his back is becoming more serious,which is worrying.
[会发现] 句①⑥中-ed/-ing形容词在句中作 ;句②⑤中-ed/-ing形容词在句中作 ;句③④中-ed/-ing形容词在句中作 。
[明规则] -ed/-ing形容词在句中可以用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
表语
定语
宾语补足语
二、-ed形容词
[先感知]
①The boy was delighted with his new knife.He had been wanting one for a long time.
②The audience were very excited by the show.
③The frightened child began to cry.
④I’m tired of living abroad.
[会发现] 句①②③④中-ed形容词意为“ ”。
感到……的
[明规则] 这类形容词主要用来说明人的感受,含有“感到……的”之意,其中比较常见的有:astonished 惊讶的;delighted高兴的;disappointed 失望的;excited 激动的;frightened 恐惧的;interested 感兴趣的;moved 感动的;pleased 高兴的;satisfied 满意的;surprised 吃惊的;tired 疲劳的;worried 担心的。
三、-ing形容词
[先感知]
①The scope of the exhibition is disappointing.
②Seen from the students’ viewpoint,the oral exam can be frightening.
[会发现] 句①②中-ing形容词意为“ ”。
令人……的
[明规则] 这类形容词主要用来说明给人的感受,含有“令人……的”之意,其中比较常见的有:disappointing 令人失望的;exciting 令人激动的;frightening 可怕的;interesting 有趣的;moving 动人的;satisfying 令人满意的;surprising 令人吃惊的;tiring 令人疲劳的;worrying 令人担心的。
[名师点津]
(1)-ed形容词通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与人相关的事物(如人的表情、声音、笑容等),如 excited voice 指的是“激动的声音”,即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。
(2)-ing形容词主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
The man is very interesting.这个人很有趣。
(3)比较并体会:
a frightened look害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)
a frightening look吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕)
an excited talk心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)
an exciting talk令人激动的谈话(指“谈话”令人激动)
小题集训 单句语法填空
①I was (astonish) that Henry lost his job.
②She was (disappoint) at his refusal.
③My doctor says she is (please) with my progress.
④It is (excite) that our monitor has won the English speech competition.
⑤Hearing our voice, the (frighten) rabbit ran into the bushes quickly.
⑥There was a look on his face when he heard the
news.(surprise)
astonished
disappointed
pleased
exciting
frightened
surprise
surprising
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一 用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.She was (move) when her neighbour remembered her in his will.
2.At a conscious level,I was quite (satisfy) with my life.
3.I was (worry) that the branch wouldn’t take my weight.
moved
satisfied
worried
4.I could listen to him for hours.He’s one of the most
(interest) people I’ve ever met.
5.Remember that people can be but only if they make other people feel .(bore)
6.He was (surprise) to see Helen.She’d told him she was going to Australia.
interesting
boring
bored
surprised
7.Feeling (tire) and depressed,he went to bed.
8.It’s (astonish) that she should say that sort of thing to you.
9.We could tell from his expression that this was a (satisfy) result.
10.Seeing a snake, the woman has a (frighten) look on her face.
tired
astonishing
satisfying
frightened
维度二 用所给词的正确形式完成语段(每小题2分,共10分)
On Saturday,I took my children to the circus (马戏团). I thought I would have a 1. (bore) time,but actually I was quite 2. (interest) in the 3. (amaze) acts.We were 4. (shock) by the acrobats (杂技演员). We were really attracted by their 5. (excite) performances.
boring
interested
amazing
shocked
exciting
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
(2025·龙岩市高一上期中)
Study Abroad Programs in New Zealand
New Zealand is a land of breathtaking natural beauty, friendly locals, and a unique cultural heritage.Here are some study abroad programs for high school students.
Homestay Exchange
Students who come to New Zealand for a semester or a whole year usually stay with local host families.This provides a great chance for them to experience the typical daily life in New Zealand.Students learning the language can improve their language abilities by communicating with their host families.And for those who are already good at the language, they can gain a deeper understanding of the local lifestyle.
Adventure Study Tours
These tours are an excellent choice for high school students who want to have a short but meaningful study experience abroad.The tours are often based on different themes such as art exploration, outdoor exploration, or community service.Students will have a special and enjoyable time while combining educational elements such as history or nature studies—without leaving their regular schoolwork behind.
Winter Study Program
For students who only have their winter break available, a specialized winter program is ideal.Remember, the winter in the northern hemisphere (半球) is the summer in New Zealand.Frequently, these winter programs are connected with colleges, enabling students to get university credits.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新西兰为高中生提供的几个海外留学项目,包括寄宿家庭交流、探险学习之旅和冬季学习项目,并对每个项目进行了简要的描述和说明。
1.What can Homestay Exchange offer
A.A complete knowledge of our textbooks.
B.A better chance to understand New Zealand's culture.
C.A great method to communicate with expert educators.
D.A valuable opportunity to make friends from all over the world.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章“Homestay Exchange”部分中的“Students who come to...daily life in New Zealand.”以及“And for those who are...of the local lifestyle.”可知,寄宿家庭交流能提供一个更好地了解新西兰文化和生活方式的机会。故选B项。
√
2.Who might be interested in Adventure Study Tours
A.Those who are interested in music.
B.Those who are fond of art exploration.
C.Those who like indoor activities.
D.Those who wish to do part-time jobs.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章“Adventure Study Tours”部分中的“The tours are often...or community service.”可知,那些喜欢艺术探索的人可能会对探险学习之旅感兴趣。故选B项。
√
3.What do these three programs in New Zealand have in common
A.They all give university credits to students.
B.They all only focus on language learning.
C.They all offer educational activities to foreign students.
D.They all provide an opportunity to explore different themes.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据文章“Homestay Exchange”部分中的“Students who come to...with local host families.”“Adventure Study Tours”部分中的“These tours are an excellent...meaningful study experience abroad.”以及“Winter Study Program”部分中的“For students who only have...winter program is ideal.”可知,这三个项目都向外国学生提供了教育活动。故选C项。
B
“Gluten free (无麸质), lactose free, vegan...” These ideas on diet might sound unfamiliar to many in China.That's why Wang Jiaqi, a 16-year-old girl from Beijing, opened a special ice cream store called EIS Engelchen in Beijing's Sanlitun, to spread a healthier way to enjoy ice cream.
“My friends and I love ice cream, but we've never encountered an ice cream that really ‘wows' us,” Wang said.Then one day she heard her mom say that she had the best ice cream of her life at a café in a little town in Germany.“I immediately wanted to go there and try it for myself,” she added.
Lucky for her, during her summer holiday, Wang was able to go to the town and work as a waitress in the café selling ice cream.“I not only got to taste it myself, but also learned about the healthy idea.In China, where many people are lactose intolerant (乳糖不耐受) or vegan, finding suitable ice cream is challenging due to the common use of milk and eggs.” So, Wang decided to bring this ice cream back to China to be enjoyed by even more people.
At the time, the brand was only sold to cafés and hotels in Germany.But after discussions with the brand's management, Wang not only gained the right to sell the ice cream but also opened the first physical EIS Engelchen store—all the way in China.
Wang believes that starting a business begins with something small and is a step-by-step process.“When I was in primary school, I sold products like cookies made by myself among students,” Wang said.“I think business is about noticing problems around you and working out ways to solve them.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁的北京女孩王佳琪因对健康饮食的兴趣,将德国的一款特别冰淇淋引进中国,开设了EIS Engelchen冰淇淋店,旨在提供更健康的冰淇淋选择。
4.Where did Wang Jiaqi hear of the German ice cream for the first
time
A.From her mother.
B.In the café.
C.From her friend.
D.From the internet.
解析 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Then one day she heard...a little town in Germany.”可知,她是从她妈妈那里第一次听说德国冰淇淋的。故选A项。
√
5.Why did Wang Jiaqi open the ice cream store in Beijing
A.She wanted to provide a place for friends to hang out.
B.She was trying to promote traditional Chinese ice cream flavors.
C.She wanted to solve the problem of lactose intolerance in China.
D.She wanted to promote a healthier way to enjoy ice cream in
China.
√
解析 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“‘I not only got to taste it myself...milk and eggs.’...enjoyed by even more people.”可知,她想在中国推广一种更健康的享用冰淇淋的方式,因此在北京开冰淇淋店。故选D项。
6.Which of the following word can best describe Wang Jiaqi
A.Business-minded. B.Kind-hearted.
C.Hard-working. D.Strong-willed.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,她从小就有商业头脑。故选A项。
√
7.What's the main idea of the text
A.A teenager called on people to eat healthy food.
B.A Chinese girl started her own ice cream business.
C.Bringing German food to China faced great challenges.
D.Traditional ice cream was increasingly popular among students.
√
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段可知,本文主要讲述了一个中国女孩开始了自己的冰淇淋生意。故选B项。
C
(2025·连云港市高一上期中)
Have you ever heard of the online topic “20 minutes for parks” It's all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time.This year, a trend (趋势) is rising in China—young people are choosing to hang out in parks more often.
Huang Bingbing, a Shenzhen resident, is one of them.Three years ago, she started going to the small park downstairs from her office for lunch breaks on weekdays.“On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals.It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained.She believes parks can feel like your own secret hideaway.Being introverted (内向的), she finds parks to be ideal relaxing places for people like her.
Yet, parks are also shared spaces.They are different from shopping malls and cinemas for a particular reason, according to young stage designer Liu Xi, who sees parks as places that contradict consumerism (消费主义).In parks, people can walk, boat, read under the trees, or simply be lost in thought on a bench.
Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan.She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them.Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants.
Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to parks by building a sense of ownership.She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things.“I hope our group takes more social responsibility.Each of us can become a guardian and contributor to the parks and our city,” she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国年轻人越来越喜欢在公园里度过时光,以减轻压力和增进与自然的联系。
8.What do we know about “20 minutes for parks”
A.It can make people less stressed.
B.It is more suitable for active people.
C.It is increasingly popular among the old.
D.It encourages people to exercise more in parks.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“It's all about the idea...out in parks more often.”可知,“20 minutes for parks”即每天只需在公园里待上20分钟,无论你如何度过这段时间,都可以帮助减轻压力。故选
A项。
√
9.What does the underlined word “contradict” in paragraph 3 mean
A.push for B.focus on
C.go against D.agree with
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段“They are different from shopping...to young stage designer”以及“In parks, people can walk...in thought on a bench.”可知,在公园散步、划船、在树下阅读或者在长椅上沉思,与在购物中心和电影院的消费行为不同,在公园不涉及消费行为,可推测“contradict”意为“go against”,即与消费主义相反。故选C项。
√
10.What does Cheng inspire her Douban group members to do
A.Follow local practices.
B.Visit local parks more often.
C.Make contributions to parks.
D.Donate benches without names.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“She noticed that locals...schedules of the plants.”以及最后一段可知,Cheng鼓励她的小组成员为公园做贡献。故选C项。
√
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Finding peace of mind in parks.
B.Keeping more connected to parks.
C.Making parks more attractive to visit.
D.Enjoying the popularity of local parks.
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段“It's all about the idea...out in parks more often.”可知,文章主要介绍了中国年轻人越来越喜欢在公园里度过时光,以减轻压力和增进与自然的联系,来找到内心的平静。故选A项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·景德镇市高一上期中)
Healthy habits that stick
Here are five rules that helped me develop good habits.
1.Pick habits you honestly want to have
I didn't choose habits I thought I should add because of what anyone else was doing. 1 It was about listening to myself.
2.Build your habit your own way
When I started to build up an exercise routine (习惯), I only went when I wanted to go.For me, that was around 2 pm every day. 2 If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike, I'd do only 20 minutes and then leave.
3.Start small
I knew that if I tried to take on too much, I'd find a way to make an excuse. 3 I started with two minutes of exercise, which were finally built up to 10, then 20 minutes.I realized that just doing something, no matter how small, meant I was more likely to do it again the next day.
4.Be kind to yourself
4 When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise, I didn't beat myself up.Instead of punishing myself, I tried to love myself—and that had a more enjoyable and lasting effect.
5.Celebrate every small victory
When I began keeping a diary every morning, I put a number in the corner of each page to show how many diaries I had written.
5 Finally, after I filled up a notebook, I celebrated buying a new notebook.
A.If I missed a day, I let it go.
B.I can make exercise less boring.
C.So my daily purposes were very small.
D.I celebrated my pen running out of ink.
E.It wasn't about keeping up with other people.
F.I should celebrate my success with my friends.
G.It also meant that I would do whatever I wanted to do once I got
there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养成好习惯的五条规则。
1.E [根据空前后句可知,我并没有因为别人的所作所为而选择我认为应该增加的习惯。我要倾听自己内心的声音。所以小题1起到承上启下的作用。故E选项“这不是为了追逐他人的脚步。”切题。故选E项。]
2.G [根据下文中的“If I wanted to do 20 minutes on the bike, I'd do only 20 minutes and then leave.”可知,如果我想骑车20分钟,我只会骑20分钟,然后离开。所以小题2先总说,然后再接下一句进行分说。G选项“这也意味着一旦我到了那里,我会做任何我想做的事。”切题。故选G项。]
3.C [根据该段小标题 Start small 及画线处上一句中的“I knew that if I tried to take on too much, I'd find a way to make an excuse.”可知,我知道如果我承担得太多,我会找借口的。所以小题3要承接上文说明每次只给自己制定一些小目标。故C选项“所以我的日常目标很小。”切题。 故选C项。]
4.A [根据下一句中的“When I got a cold and missed several days of exercise, I didn't beat myself up.”可知,当我感冒错过了几天的锻炼时,我并没有自责。所以小题4要说明如果作者错过了什么的时候,作者的态度是怎么样的,以此说明主题。故A 选项“如果我落下一天,那就落下吧。”切题。故选A项。]
5.D [根据该段小标题 Celebrate every small victory 以及画线处下一句中的“Finally, after I filled up a notebook, I celebrated buying a new notebook.”可知,我会庆祝自己的每一个小成功,当笔记本写满了的时候,我庆祝买一个新的笔记本。所以小题5与上下句为并列关系,来说明庆祝的内容。故D选项“我庆祝我的笔没墨水了”切题。故选D项。]
Thanks！
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