Section Ⅴ Grammar
Grammar 1——定语从句(1)
一、定语从句的定义与关系词的分类
1.在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose、as)和关系副词(when、where、why)两类。
关系代词
↑
is a very beautiful city.
中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1.which引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection (which)we share. (译林版必修一U3)
②Friendships are like flowers which need to be taken good care of. (译林版必修一U3)
[会发现] 句①②中关系代词which指物;which在句①中作宾语,可以省略,在句②中作主语。
[明规则] which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。
2.that引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①From this story we can see that friends are people that support you through thick and thin. (译林版必修一U3)
②There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. (人教版必修一U4)
③The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience(that) my great-grandma cannot forget. (人教版必修一U4)
[会发现] 句①中关系代词that指人,句②③中关系代词that指物;that在句①②中作主语,在句③中作宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
[明规则] that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略。
3.who引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. (译林版必修一U3)
②The man (who) we met in the street just now used to be my English teacher. (译林版必修一U3)
[会发现] 句①②中who指人;who在句①中作主语,在句②中作宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
[明规则] who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略。
4.whom引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①Tim is someone (whom) I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me. (译林版必修一U3)
②The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked during the quake. (人教版必修一U4)
[会发现] 句①②中whom指人,在句中作宾语,句①whom可以省略,句②中whom不可以省略。
[明规则] whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可用who代替,作及物动词的宾语可省略,“介词+whom”中whom不可以省略。
5.whose引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①William Sydney Porter (1862—1910), whose pen name was O. Henry, was a world-famous American short story writer. (外研版必修一U4)
②It is an Australian company whose logo looks like a red kangaroo. (译林版必修一U3)
[会发现] 句①中whose指人,句②中whose指物;whose在句①②中作定语。
[明规则] whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系,在定语从句中作定语。
小题集训1 用适当的关系代词填空
①He has two sons who/that work in the same company.
②In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
③Look out! Don't get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.
④Do you work near the building whose colour is yellow
⑤The passengers who/that were injured in the accident are reported to have entirely recovered.
⑥Look,here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.
⑦The problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
⑧Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries.
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
[先感知]
①Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside
②All that can be done has been done.
③This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.
④Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
⑤That's the only thing that we can do now.
⑥This is the very scarf that my mother has been looking for.
⑦We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
[会发现] 句①②中,先行词为不定代词;句③④中先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰;句⑤⑥中先行词被the only,the very修饰;句⑦中先行词既有人又有物。
[明规则] (1)当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、much等不定代词时。
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)当先行词被all、every、no、the only、the very、the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词既指人,又指物时。
在以上情况中,定语从句的关系词只能用that而不用which。
小题集训2 完成句子
①This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的人和地方。
③This is the best dictionary that I've ever used.
这是我曾用过的最好词典。
维度一 用适当的关系代词填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.The letter that/which is written in pencil is hard to read.
2.Do you know the girl who/that has won the championship
3.This is the young man who/whom I often talk about.
4.The bike whose wheels were damaged has now been repaired.
5.The students whom the teacher praised for their excellent performance in the exam are all hardworking.
6.Our monitor is the boy whose father is a lawyer.
7.Li Ming succeeded in graduating from the college, which made his parents proud.
8.At the party, they talked about the things and people that were still in their memory.
维度二 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.You can also share your unhappy things with somebody (that/who/whom) you trust and listen to their suggestions.
你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。
2.This is the very hotel (that) I stayed at when I was travelling here.
这正是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
3.He is a man (whom/who/that) we are all ready to learn from.
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
4.This is the very book (that) I am looking for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
5.This is the most interesting story (that) I've ever read.
这是我读过的最有趣的故事。
维度三 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共16分)
A real friend is someone 1.who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone 2.whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone 3.who sees our true self,not just the face 4.that we show to the world.Yet these days,the modern tools 5.that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online,but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends 6.whom we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values 7.which is important to us.“Liking” our friends' photos online does not develop the connection 8.which we share.To make friends a real part of our lives,we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.(共28张PPT)
Section Ⅴ Grammar
Grammar 1——定语从句(1)
内
容
索
引
课时精练
一、定语从句的定义与关系词的分类
1.在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫定语从句。引
导定语从句的词叫关系词,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1.which引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection (which)we share.(译林版必修一U3)
②Friendships are like flowers which need to be taken good care of.(译林版必修一U3)
[会发现] 句①②中关系代词which指 ;which在句①中作 ,可以省略,在句②中作 。
[明规则] which指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。
物
宾语
主语
2.that引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①From this story we can see that friends are people that support you through thick and thin.(译林版必修一U3)
②There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
(人教版必修一U4)
③The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience(that) my great-grandma cannot forget. (人教版必修一U4)
[会发现] 句①中关系代词that指 ,句②③中关系代词that指 ;that在句①②中作 ,在句③中作 ,作宾语时可以 。
[明规则] that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略。
人
物
主语
宾语
省略
3.who引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me.
(译林版必修一U3)
②The man (who) we met in the street just now used to be my English teacher.(译林版必修一U3)
[会发现] 句①②中who指 ;who在句①中作 ,在句②中作 ,作宾语时可以 。
[明规则] who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可以省略。
人
主语
宾语
省略
4.whom引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①Tim is someone (whom) I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me.(译林版必修一U3)
②The soldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked during the quake.(人教版必修一U4)
[会发现] 句①②中whom指 ,在句中作 ,句①whom可以 ,句②中whom不可以省略。
[明规则] whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可用who代替,作及物动词的宾语可省略,“介词+whom”中whom不可以省略。
人
宾语
省略
5.whose引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①William Sydney Porter (1862—1910), whose pen name was O. Henry, was a world-famous American short story writer.
(外研版必修一U4)
②It is an Australian company whose logo looks like a red kangaroo.(译林版必修一U3)
[会发现] 句①中whose指 ,句②中whose指 ;whose在句①②中作 。
[明规则] whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所属”关系,在定语从句中作定语。
人
物
定语
小题集训1 用适当的关系代词填空
①He has two sons work in the same company.
②In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to she could turn for help.
③Look out! Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.
④Do you work near the building colour is yellow
who/that
whom
whose
whose
⑤The passengers were injured in the accident are reported to have entirely recovered.
⑥Look,here are some people I want you to meet.
⑦The problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
⑧Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries.
who/that
who/whom/that
that/which
who/that
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
[先感知]
①Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside
②All that can be done has been done.
③This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city.
④Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
⑤That’s the only thing that we can do now.
⑥This is the very scarf that my mother has been looking for.
⑦We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
[会发现] 句①②中,先行词为 ;句③④中先行词被
和 修饰;句⑤⑥中先行词被
修饰;句⑦中先行词既有 又有 。
不定代词
序数词
形容词最高级
the only,the very
人
物
[明规则] (1)当先行词为all、everything、nothing、anything、much等不定代词时。
(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)当先行词被all、every、no、the only、the very、the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词既指人,又指物时。
在以上情况中,定语从句的关系词只能用that而不用which。
小题集训2 完成句子
①This is the most beautiful park .
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②She described in her composition the people and places
.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的人和地方。
③This is the best dictionary .
这是我曾用过的最好词典。
that I have visited
that impressed her most
that I've ever used
课 时 精 练
维度一 用适当的关系代词填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.The letter is written in pencil is hard to read.
2.Do you know the girl has won the championship
3.This is the young man I often talk about.
4.The bike wheels were damaged has now been repaired.
that/which
who/that
who/whom
whose
5.The students the teacher praised for their excellent performance in the exam are all hardworking.
6.Our monitor is the boy father is a lawyer.
7.Li Ming succeeded in graduating from the college, made his parents proud.
8.At the party, they talked about the things and people
were still in their memory.
whom
whose
which
that
维度二 语法与写作(每小题2分,共10分)
1.You can also share your unhappy things with somebody
and listen to their suggestions.
你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。
2.This is the very hotel when I was travelling here.
这正是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。
(that/who/whom) you trust
(that) I stayed at
3.He is a man .
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
4.This is the very book .
这正是我要找的那本书。
5.This is .
这是我读过的最有趣的故事。
(whom/who/that) we are all ready to learn from
(that) I am looking for
the most interesting story (that) I’ve ever read
维度三 语法与语篇(每小题2分,共16分)
A real friend is someone 1. walks in when the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone 2. support we can count on.A real friend is someone 3. sees our true self,not just the face 4. we show to the world.Yet these days,the modern tools 5. keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be
who
whose
who
that
that
able to make many friends online,but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends
6. we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values 7. is important to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection 8. we share.To make friends a real part of our lives,we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
whom
which
which
Thanks！
本
讲
内
容
结
束Grammar 2——不定代词
一、概念
不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
二、常见不定代词
可数/不可数 不定代词
代替可数名词 one、each、many、another、other、either、neither、(a) few等
代替不可数名词 much、(a) little等
代替可数/不可数名词 none、any、all、some等
复合不定代词 anyone、anybody、anything;someone、somebody、something;everyone、everybody、everything;nobody、no one、nothing等
三、几组常见不定代词的区别
1.many,much,few,a few,little,a little
含义 对象
许多 有点/些 (表示肯定) 几乎没有 (表示否定)
可数 many a few few
不可数 much a little little
2.another,other,the other,others,the others
不定代词 词义 用法
another 另一个,又一个 泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个,后接可数名词单数形式
other 其他的,另外的 表泛指,作定语,后接名词复数形式
the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用,构成“one...the other...”(一个……另一个……)结构
others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式,不能作定语,常构成“some...others...”结构
the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other的复数形式,常构成“some...the others...”结构
3.it,one,the one,ones,the ones,that,those
不定代词 用法
it 用来代替前面出现的可数名词单数、不可数名词或者前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作,以避免重复,也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等
one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词,泛指其同类中的某一个
the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数,特指其同类中的某一个
ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数,为泛指
the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数,为特指
that 代替“the+不可数名词”,也可代替“the+可数名词单数”,这时可以和the one互换
those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数,避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones通用
4.both,neither,either
不定 代词 意义 在句中所 作成分 谓语动词 的形式
both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语,可以和of短语连用 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
neither 两者 都不 作主语、宾语或定语,可以和of短语连用 作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式
either 两者中 任一个 作主语、宾语或定语,可以和of短语连用 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
小题集训 用适当的不定代词填空
①To our surprise,the pens in this shop are cheaper than those in that one.
②There are two packs on the desk.You can take either/both of them.
③Nothing is impossible if you have confidence as well as work hard.
④The doctor thought it would be good for you to do exercise regularly.
⑤Cycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is another.
⑥Helping others is a habit,one that you can learn even at an early age.
⑦Of all the books on the desk,none is of any benefit to your study.
⑧You can ask anyone/anybody here for help when you are in trouble.
⑨Make sure you've got everything before you leave,such as the passport and the ticket.
[基础语境练]
维度一 用适当的不定代词填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.All of the students are interested in the subject.
2.Henry has two children, neither of whom works beside him.
3.She has a red dress, and I have one too.
4.The boy had nothing to do all day, so he felt bored.
5.Of all the toys on the table, none of them is my favorite.
6.If you want to change for a double room, you'll have to pay another 50 yuan.
7.Air pollution is getting worse.We must do something to protect the environment.
8.The teacher asked the question again, but still nobody answered.
9.On Sundays, some people go to play basketball, and others stay at home watching TV.
10.It's impossible to get everything/all that you want.
维度二 用适当的不定代词完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
1.We should focus our attention on something that really matters.
我们应该把注意力集中在真正重要的事情上。
2.He has two twin sons. One is a lawyer while the other is a doctor.
他有一对双胞胎儿子,一个是律师,一个是医生。
3.Bruce always reminds his students that chances only favour those who are well prepared.
布鲁斯经常提醒他的学生:机会只眷顾那些有准备的人。
4.To be honest, I don't like the way(that/in which) you are speaking to your parents.
说实话,我不喜欢你跟父母讲话的方式。
5.As the saying goes, “Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.”
正如谚语所说,“世上无难事,只怕有心人。”
维度三 选择适当的不定代词完成下面语段(每小题2分,共18分)
everyone,every,all,other,others,both,one,some,many
As senior high school students,1.all of us have too much homework 2.every day.Only 3.some of us can finish it during the day,so the 4.others have to stay up at night.Fortunately,our teachers told us 5.many ways to study effectively,among which the two are beneficial to me in particular.6.One is previewing before class and the 7.other is being attentive in class.I think 8.both of them can be applied to 9.everyone.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
(2025·西安市高一上期中)
As the excitement of the Summer Olympics attracts audiences worldwide, it presents a golden opportunity to inspire our younger generation not just in sports but in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).Here, we explore a series of innovative STEM challenges designed for both lower elementary and upper elementary students, aimed at sparking their curiosity and fostering a love for learning.
Surfing STEM Challenge
The Surfing STEM Challenge invites students to explore the fascinating world of magnetic forces (磁力) by keeping a surfer suspended in mid-air.Using a magnetic stick, students guide the surfer's track, mirroring the fluid movements of surfing waves.
Basketball STEM challenge
The Basketball STEM challenge attracts students by tasking them with inventing a basketball game tailored for one-handed play, making use of materials at hand.The activity highlights the importance of creativity, engineering capability, and collaborative effort, all within the vibrant atmosphere of the Summer Olympics.
Skateboarding STEM Activity
The Skateboarding STEM Activity challenges students to craft a small skateboard, along with constructing a skatepark to demonstrate their fingerboarding skills.It's an engaging way to connect with the dynamic world of skateboarding in the Summer Olympics, encouraging teamwork, innovation, and hands-on learning.
Golf STEM Challenge
The Golf STEM Challenge tasks students with the exciting project of designing and building a mini golf course, along with creating their own golf club.This innovative approach to learning not only brings the spirit of the Summer Olympics into the classroom but also fosters teamwork, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of the scientific concepts behind the game of golf.
Click Here to find out more information.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项结合夏季奥运会的STEM挑战活动,旨在通过体育运动激发小学生对科学、技术、工程和数学的兴趣和学习热情,同时培养他们的创造力、团队合作能力和解决问题的能力。
1.What is the main goal of the STEM challenges described in the passage
A.To train students for future careers in STEM.
B.To encourage students' curiosity and love for learning.
C.To help students understand complex scientific theories.
D.To promote the importance of sports and physical activity.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Here, we explore a series of...fostering a love for learning.”可知,文章描述的STEM挑战的主要目标是激发学生的好奇心并培养他们对学习的热爱。故选B项。]
2.Which two STEM challenges encourage students to build something physical
A.Surfing STEM Challenge and Golf STEM Challenge.
B.Surfing STEM Challenge and Basketball STEM Challenge.
C.Skateboarding STEM Activity and Golf STEM Challenge.
D.Basketball STEM Challenge and Skateboarding STEM Activity.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The Skateboarding STEM Activity...demonstrate their fingerboarding skills.”和第五段中的“The Golf STEM Challenge tasks...creating their own golf club.”可知,滑板STEM活动和高尔夫STEM挑战都鼓励学生制作实体物品,即滑板和迷你高尔夫球场。故选C项。]
3.Where is this passage most likely to be found
A.A sports magazine.
B.A travel blog.
C.A scientific report.
D.An educational website.
答案 D [文章出处题。根据文章第一段中的“Here, we explore a series of...and fostering a love for learning.”和最后一段“Click Here to find more information.”可知,文章主要介绍了几个与奥运会相关的STEM挑战,旨在激发学生的好奇心和学习热情;且最后一段说“了解更多信息需点击链接”符合教育类网站的特点。故选D项。]
B
Real legacy of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games may be creation of new generation of young athletes.Schoolchildren slid around on roller skates, passing the puck (冰球) on an artificial ice field and practicing cross-country skiing skills on roller skis on a cool afternoon at the Yangfangdian Central Primary School in Beijing's Haidian District.In one of the classrooms, photos commemorating (用以纪念) the school's connection with the Olympics and trophies (奖杯) won at numerous competitions were on display.
Zhou Chenguang, the sports teacher for the fourth, fifth and sixth grades, is one of the teachers who helped make all of this happen.He has taught at the school for 32 years and is a crazy fan of the Games.“Our physical education classes are about enjoyment and competition, and ultimately, they've taught our children about the Winter Olympics and generated a passion for winter sports,” said Zhou, 52.“By knowing more about sports, our children have a greater chance of competing in the real Games in the future.”
In 2016, Zhou introduced hockey lessons to the primary school's PE classes.“Demonstrating the popularity of winter sports at schools in Beijing should not just be a slogan.We must let students play real winter sports and learn the rules,” he said.
Students from the fourth grade and above can participate in winter sports classes, but Xu Hengyu, a 10-year-old fifth grader, began to learn cross-country skiing on roller skis by herself when she was in the third grade.“I saw some senior class students practicing and thought it would be fun to do,” Xu said.“When I got home, I asked my father to buy me a pair of roller skis and started to practice in our neighborhood.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了北京市海淀区羊坊店中心小学的孩子们在体育老师周晨光的带领下,接触并热爱上了冬季运动,学校与奥运会建立了联系,展示了冬奥会精神在年轻人中的闪耀。
4.What can be seen from the classroom mentioned in the first paragraph
A.Information about cross-country skiing skills.
B.Pictures recording the creation of the school.
C.Prizes won by the students in different contests.
D.Photos involving the school's link with the Olympics.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“In one of the classrooms...competitions were on display.”可知,这间教室的墙上张贴着纪念学校与奥运会之间的联系的照片。故选D项。]
5.How old was Zhou Chenguang when he began teaching in the school
A.20. B.22.
C.32. D.52.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段的“He has taught at the school for 32 years and is a crazy fan of the Games.‘Our physical education...winter sports,’said Zhou, 52.” 可知,他最初来这所学校任教时应是 20 岁。故选A项。]
6.Which of the following can describe Zhou Chenguang best
A.Competent and critical.
B.Intelligent and creative.
C.Devoted and determined.
D.Considerate and caring.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第二段中“Zhou Chenguang, the sports teacher...crazy fan of the Games.”以及第三段中“In 2016, Zhou introduced hockey...and learn the rules,’ he said.”可知,周晨光把 32 年的光阴都投入到自己的教学事业中, 他把冬季运动引入到实际的体育教学中,让学生们亲身体验并学习运动规则。由此可推知,他热爱自己的事业并且意志坚定。故选C项。]
7.What is the best title for the text
A.A Common Teacher Affects Generations of Students
B.Capital's School Kids Get a Taste of Winter Sports
C.Sports Classes Are Popular with Primary School Students
D.The Spirits of Winter Olympic Games Shine in Young People
答案 B [标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了北京市海淀区羊坊店中心小学的孩子们在学校体育老师周晨光的带领下,接触并体验了各种冬季运动,如滑冰、冰球和越野滑雪等,并展示了学校与奥运会的联系。因此,选项B最能概括文章的主要内容,符合标题。故选B项。]
C
(2025·宁波市高一上期中)
In an ideal world, we would be able to devote as much time to sports as we feel we need.But in reality, with growing demands in both work and family, we can only jump at the chance for our physical exercise when we can.Making the most of that time to practice Yin Yang yoga, which mixes the dynamic and slow-paced elements of yoga, helps keep you active and relaxed.
Yin and Yang are the Taoist concepts representing a balance of opposite forces which are also interconnected.Yin is inactive, cooling, and negative, associated with the female force.Yang is active, warming, and positive, associated with action and movement.They are complementary to one another, as one cannot exist without the other.
Yin Yang yoga is a combination of high-energy movement which builds energy, increases strength and promotes stamina (耐力), followed by the more restful practice of Yin to give us a deeper stretch (拉伸) and calm the nervous system.
If you have a busy and active life you may feel more in Yang, so taking some cooler, slower Yin yoga practice into your routine may help you feel calmer and more balanced.
If you are practicing for an hour, divide the time in half. Warm up with sun salutations (拜日式瑜伽), continue into a dynamic flow and then move on to some standing postures.After half an hour your heart will be pumping, muscles tighten up and you are hopefully feeling energetic, but ready for a rest.Then pick five Yin postures to hold for 3-5 minutes, or even longer if you are enjoying them!
As ever with yoga, if you are a beginner or have health issues, always attend a class with a trained instructor first to guide you safely through the yoga practice and avoid injury.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阴阳瑜伽。阴阳瑜伽是一种高能运动的结合,它能增强能量、增强力量、提高耐力。
8.What can be inferred from paragraph 1
A.Most of our sports time should be spent on Yin Yang yoga.
B.We'd better devote as much time to physical exercise as we can.
C.Busy schedule makes it impossible for us to do any form of sports.
D.Yin Yang yoga can be a choice of physical exercise when time is tight.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,当时间紧张时,阴阳瑜伽是一种体育锻炼的选择。故选D项。]
9.What does the underlined word “complementary” in the second paragraph probably mean
A.Independent from one another.
B.Competitive against one another.
C.Similar to each other but unable to work together as a whole.
D.Different from each other but together making a good combination.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据画线处上句“Yin is inactive, cooling, and...with action and movement.”可知,阴阳彼此不同,但在一起形成了一个很好的组合,故选D项。]
10.Which of the following might be the benefit of Yin postures
A.Relaxing muscles.
B.Building stamina.
C.Strengthening the body.
D.Quickening the heartbeat.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据文章第三段“followed by the more restful...and calm the nervous system”以及文章第四段可知,阴的姿势可以放松肌肉。故选A项。]
11.What suggestion does the writer give in the last two paragraphs
A.Hold each Yin posture for longer than 5 minutes.
B.Do not practice yoga when you are not in good health.
C.Start your yoga practice under the guidance of a trainer.
D.Spare half an hour for five Yin postures in every yoga practice.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As ever with yoga, if...yoga practice and avoid injury.”可知,作者建议在教练的指导下开始你的瑜伽练习。故选C项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·南昌市高一上期中)
Dealing with Stress in Sports
Sports are a great way to have fun while staying fit.Sports also teach important life lessons like working as a team. 1 .Having a healthy attitude about sports and learning to deal with the stress that comes with competing can help you perform your best.
Competing always leads to some stress.And that can be good. 2 .But too much stress can take the fun out of a sport and make it hard to perform.If you think there might be too much stress around competing, talk to your parents and coach.Making some changes can help.If you have too much going on, think about limiting practice time or only doing one sport or activity per season.
3 .So it's important to know how to deal with it.Trying different ways during practice helps you know what will work best for you during competition.You can try to take a deep breath and hold it in for about 5 seconds, then release (释放) it slowly.Repeat those five times.You can also think positively and develop positive self-talk, like saying “I learn from my mistakes.” “I'm in control of my feelings.” “I can make this goal!” to help keep the negative (消极的) thoughts away.
Keep stress levels down when you aren't competing. 4 .Besides, doing something fun and relaxing is great, such as taking a break from competing and going for a walk, riding a bike, seeing a movie or hanging out with friends.
Finally don't forget that no one is perfect.Everyone makes mistakes in sports.It is part of the game. 5
Whether you play on the school team or at a weekend pick-up game, the point is to have fun.By keeping that as the first place, you can learn to deal with the stress that is a natural part of competition.
A.There will always be some stress in sports
B.A little stress helps the body face a challenge
C.Why not be quick to forgive mistakes and move on
D.If you have too much going on, think about doing more exercising
E.It is best to eat well and get enough sleep, especially before games
F.Aren't sports about staying active, developing as a player and making friends
G.But it's not always easy to keep it together when it feels like winning is everything
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何学会处理运动竞争带来的压力。
1.G [根据下文“Having a healthy attitude about...help you perform your best.” 可知,上一句谈及对待运动的态度。再结合上文对体育运动好处的阐述可知,此处涉及对运动的一个消极态度。故选G项。]
2.B [根据上文“Competing always leads to some stress.And that can be good.”可知,此处说明竞争带来压力是件好事的具体体现。与上文构成因果关系。故选B项。]
3.A [根据下文“So it's important to know how...best for you during competition.”可知,此处谈及在竞赛中总会有一些压力。后一句的it指代some stress。故选A项。]
4.E [根据上文“Keep stress levels down when you aren't competing.”可知,此处涉及不参加比赛时降低运动压力水平的一个方法。故选E项。]
5.C [根据上文“Finally don't forget that no...It is part of the game”可知,此处应涉及对在运动中犯错误的态度。即迅速原谅错误,继续前进。结合后文的问号可知本句是疑问句。故选C项。](共61张PPT)
Grammar 2——不定代词
内
容
索
引
课时精练
一、概念
不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
二、常见不定代词
可数/不可数 不定代词
代替可数名词 one、each、many、another、other、either、neither、(a) few等
代替不可数名词 much、(a) little等
代替可数/不可数名词 none、any、all、some等
复合不定代词 anyone、anybody、anything;someone、somebody、something;everyone、everybody、everything;nobody、no one、nothing等
三、几组常见不定代词的区别
1.many,much,few,a few,little,a little
含义 对象 许多 有点/些 (表示肯定) 几乎没有
(表示否定)
可数 many a few few
不可数 much a little little
2.another,other,the other,others,the others
不定代词 词义 用法
another 另一个,又一个 泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个,后接可数名词单数形式
other 其他的,另外的 表泛指,作定语,后接名词复数形式
the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用,构成“one...the other...”(一个……另一个……)结构
others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式,不能作定语,常构成“some...others...”结构
the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other的复数形式,常构成“some...the others...”结构
3.it,one,the one,ones,the ones,that,those
不定代词 用法
it 用来代替前面出现的可数名词单数、不可数名词或者前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作,以避免重复,也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等
one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词,泛指其同类中的某一个
the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数,特指其同类中的某一个
ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数,为泛指
the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数,为特指
that 代替“the+不可数名词”,也可代替“the+可数名词单数”,这时可以和the one互换
those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数,避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones通用
4.both,neither,either
不定代词 意义 在句中所作成分 谓语动词的形式
both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语,可以和of短语连用 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
neither 两者 都不 作主语、宾语或定语,可以和of短语连用 作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式
either 两者中 任一个 作主语、宾语或定语,可以和of短语连用 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
小题集训 用适当的不定代词填空
①To our surprise,the pens in this shop are cheaper than
in that one.
②There are two packs on the desk.You can take of them.
③ is impossible if you have confidence as well as work hard.
④The doctor thought would be good for you to do exercise regularly.
those
either/both
Nothing
it
⑤Cycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is .
⑥Helping others is a habit, that you can learn even at an early age.
⑦Of all the books on the desk, is of any benefit to your study.
⑧You can ask here for help when you are in trouble.
⑨Make sure you’ve got before you leave,such as the passport and the ticket.
another
one
none
anyone/anybody
everything
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一 用适当的不定代词填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1. of the students are interested in the subject.
2.Henry has two children, of whom works beside him.
3.She has a red dress, and I have too.
4.The boy had to do all day, so he felt bored.
All
neither
one
nothing
5.Of all the toys on the table, of them is my favorite.
6.If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay
50 yuan.
7.Air pollution is getting worse.We must do to protect the environment.
none
another
something
8.The teacher asked the question again, but still answered.
9.On Sundays, some people go to play basketball, and
stay at home watching TV.
10.It’s impossible to get that you want.
nobody
others
everything /all
维度二 用适当的不定代词完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
1.We that really matters.
我们应该把注意力集中在真正重要的事情上。
2.He has two twin sons. .
他有一对双胞胎儿子,一个是律师,一个是医生。
should focus our attention on something
One is a lawyer while the other is a doctor
3.Bruce always reminds his students that chances only favour
.
布鲁斯经常提醒他的学生:机会只眷顾那些有准备的人。
4.To be honest, I don’t like____________________________________
________________________________________.
说实话,我不喜欢你跟父母讲话的方式。
5.As the saying goes, “________________________________________
_______________.” 正如谚语所说,“世上无难事,只怕有心人。”
those who are well prepared
the way(that/in which) you are speaking to your parents
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it
维度三 选择适当的不定代词完成下面语段(每小题2分,共18分)
everyone,every,all,other,others,both,one,some,many
As senior high school students,1. of us have too much homework 2. day.Only 3. of us can finish it during the day,so the 4. have to stay up at night.Fortunately,our teachers told us 5. ways to study effectively,among which the two are beneficial to me in
all
every
some
others
many
particular.6. is previewing before class and the
7. is being attentive in class.I think 8. of them can be applied to 9. .
One
other
both
everyone
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
(2025·西安市高一上期中)
As the excitement of the Summer Olympics attracts audiences worldwide, it presents a golden opportunity to inspire our younger generation not just in sports but in the fields of Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM).Here, we explore a series of innovative STEM challenges designed for both lower elementary and upper elementary students, aimed at sparking their curiosity and fostering a love for learning.
Surfing STEM Challenge
The Surfing STEM Challenge invites students to explore the fascinating world of magnetic forces (磁力) by keeping a surfer suspended in mid-air.Using a magnetic stick, students guide the surfer's track, mirroring the fluid movements of surfing waves.
Basketball STEM challenge
The Basketball STEM challenge attracts students by tasking them with inventing a basketball game tailored for one-handed play, making use of materials at hand.The activity highlights the importance of creativity, engineering capability, and collaborative effort, all within the vibrant atmosphere of the Summer Olympics.
Skateboarding STEM Activity
The Skateboarding STEM Activity challenges students to craft a small skateboard, along with constructing a skatepark to demonstrate their fingerboarding skills.It's an engaging way to connect with the dynamic world of skateboarding in the Summer Olympics, encouraging teamwork, innovation, and hands-on learning.
Golf STEM Challenge
The Golf STEM Challenge tasks students with the exciting project of designing and building a mini golf course, along with creating their own golf club.This innovative approach to learning not only brings the spirit of the Summer Olympics into the classroom but also fosters teamwork, problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of the scientific concepts behind the game of golf.
Click Here to find out more information.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项结合夏季奥运会的STEM挑战活动,旨在通过体育运动激发小学生对科学、技术、工程和数学的兴趣和学习热情,同时培养他们的创造力、团队合作能力和解决问题的能力。
1.What is the main goal of the STEM challenges described in the
passage
A.To train students for future careers in STEM.
B.To encourage students' curiosity and love for learning.
C.To help students understand complex scientific theories.
D.To promote the importance of sports and physical activity.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Here, we explore a series of...fostering a love for learning.”可知,文章描述的STEM挑战的主要目标是激发学生的好奇心并培养他们对学习的热爱。故选B项。
√
2.Which two STEM challenges encourage students to build something
physical
A.Surfing STEM Challenge and Golf STEM Challenge.
B.Surfing STEM Challenge and Basketball STEM Challenge.
C.Skateboarding STEM Activity and Golf STEM Challenge.
D.Basketball STEM Challenge and Skateboarding STEM Activity.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“The Skateboarding STEM Activity...demonstrate their fingerboarding skills.”和第五段中的“The Golf STEM Challenge tasks...creating their own golf club.”可知,滑板STEM活动和高尔夫STEM挑战都鼓励学生制作实体物品,即滑板和迷你高尔夫球场。故选C项。
3.Where is this passage most likely to be found
A.A sports magazine.
B.A travel blog.
C.A scientific report.
D.An educational website.
√
解析 文章出处题。根据文章第一段中的“Here, we explore a series of...and fostering a love for learning.”和最后一段“Click Here to find more information.”可知,文章主要介绍了几个与奥运会相关的STEM挑战,旨在激发学生的好奇心和学习热情;且最后一段说“了解更多信息需点击链接”符合教育类网站的特点。故选D项。
B
Real legacy of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games may be creation of new generation of young athletes.Schoolchildren slid around on roller skates, passing the puck (冰球) on an artificial ice field and practicing cross-country skiing skills on roller skis on a cool afternoon at the Yangfangdian Central Primary School in Beijing's Haidian District.In one of the classrooms, photos commemorating (用以纪念) the school's connection with the Olympics and trophies (奖杯) won at numerous competitions were on display.
Zhou Chenguang, the sports teacher for the fourth, fifth and sixth grades, is one of the teachers who helped make all of this happen.He has taught at the school for 32 years and is a crazy fan of the Games.“Our physical education classes are about enjoyment and competition, and ultimately, they've taught our children about the Winter Olympics and generated a passion for winter sports,” said Zhou, 52.“By knowing more about sports, our children have a greater chance of competing in the real Games in the future.”
In 2016, Zhou introduced hockey lessons to the primary school's PE classes.“Demonstrating the popularity of winter sports at schools in Beijing should not just be a slogan.We must let students play real winter sports and learn the rules,” he said.
Students from the fourth grade and above can participate in winter sports classes, but Xu Hengyu, a 10-year-old fifth grader, began to learn cross-country skiing on roller skis by herself when she was in the third grade.“I saw some senior class students practicing and thought it would be fun to do,” Xu said.“When I got home, I asked my father to buy me a pair of roller skis and started to practice in our neighborhood.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了北京市海淀区羊坊店中心小学的孩子们在体育老师周晨光的带领下,接触并热爱上了冬季运动,学校与奥运会建立了联系,展示了冬奥会精神在年轻人中的闪耀。
4.What can be seen from the classroom mentioned in the first
paragraph
A.Information about cross-country skiing skills.
B.Pictures recording the creation of the school.
C.Prizes won by the students in different contests.
D.Photos involving the school's link with the Olympics.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“In one of the classrooms...competitions were on display.”可知,这间教室的墙上张贴着纪念学校与奥运会之间的联系的照片。故选D项。
√
5.How old was Zhou Chenguang when he began teaching in the school
A.20. B.22.
C.32. D.52.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的“He has taught at the school for 32 years and is a crazy fan of the Games.‘Our physical education...winter sports,’said Zhou, 52.” 可知,他最初来这所学校任教时应是 20 岁。故选A项。
√
6.Which of the following can describe Zhou Chenguang best
A.Competent and critical.
B.Intelligent and creative.
C.Devoted and determined.
D.Considerate and caring.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Zhou Chenguang, the sports teacher...crazy fan of the Games.”以及第三段中“In 2016, Zhou introduced hockey...and learn the rules,’ he said.”可知,周晨光把 32 年的光阴都投入到自己的教学事业中, 他把冬季运动引入到实际的体育教学中,让学生们亲身体验并学习运动规则。由此可推知,他热爱自己的事业并且意志坚定。故选C项。
7.What is the best title for the text
A.A Common Teacher Affects Generations of Students
B.Capital's School Kids Get a Taste of Winter Sports
C.Sports Classes Are Popular with Primary School Students
D.The Spirits of Winter Olympic Games Shine in Young People
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了北京市海淀区羊坊店中心小学的孩子们在学校体育老师周晨光的带领下,接触并体验了各种冬季运动,如滑冰、冰球和越野滑雪等,并展示了学校与奥运会的联系。因此,选项B最能概括文章的主要内容,符合标题。故选B项。
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C
(2025·宁波市高一上期中)
In an ideal world, we would be able to devote as much time to sports as we feel we need.But in reality, with growing demands in both work and family, we can only jump at the chance for our physical exercise when we can.Making the most of that time to practice Yin Yang yoga, which mixes the dynamic and slow-paced elements of yoga, helps keep you active and relaxed.
Yin and Yang are the Taoist concepts representing a balance of opposite forces which are also interconnected.Yin is inactive, cooling, and negative, associated with the female force.Yang is active, warming, and positive, associated with action and movement.They are complementary to one another, as one cannot exist without the other.
Yin Yang yoga is a combination of high-energy movement which builds energy, increases strength and promotes stamina (耐力), followed by the more restful practice of Yin to give us a deeper stretch (拉伸) and calm the nervous system.
If you have a busy and active life you may feel more in Yang, so taking some cooler, slower Yin yoga practice into your routine may help you feel calmer and more balanced.
If you are practicing for an hour, divide the time in half. Warm up with sun salutations (拜日式瑜伽), continue into a dynamic flow and then move on to some standing postures.After half an hour your heart will be pumping, muscles tighten up and you are hopefully feeling energetic, but ready for a rest.Then pick five Yin postures to hold for 3-5 minutes, or even longer if you are enjoying them!
As ever with yoga, if you are a beginner or have health issues, always attend a class with a trained instructor first to guide you safely through the yoga practice and avoid injury.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阴阳瑜伽。阴阳瑜伽是一种高能运动的结合,它能增强能量、增强力量、提高耐力。
8.What can be inferred from paragraph 1
A.Most of our sports time should be spent on Yin Yang yoga.
B.We'd better devote as much time to physical exercise as we can.
C.Busy schedule makes it impossible for us to do any form of sports.
D.Yin Yang yoga can be a choice of physical exercise when time is
tight.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,当时间紧张时,阴阳瑜伽是一种体育锻炼的选择。故选D项。
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9.What does the underlined word “complementary” in the second
paragraph probably mean
A.Independent from one another.
B.Competitive against one another.
C.Similar to each other but unable to work together as a whole.
D.Different from each other but together making a good
combination.
√
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线处上句“Yin is inactive, cooling, and...with action and movement.”可知,阴阳彼此不同,但在一起形成了一个很好的组合,故选D项。
10.Which of the following might be the benefit of Yin postures
A.Relaxing muscles.
B.Building stamina.
C.Strengthening the body.
D.Quickening the heartbeat.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“followed by the more restful...and calm the nervous system”以及文章第四段可知,阴的姿势可以放松肌肉。故选A项。
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11.What suggestion does the writer give in the last two paragraphs
A.Hold each Yin posture for longer than 5 minutes.
B.Do not practice yoga when you are not in good health.
C.Start your yoga practice under the guidance of a trainer.
D.Spare half an hour for five Yin postures in every yoga practice.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As ever with yoga, if...yoga practice and avoid injury.”可知,作者建议在教练的指导下开始你的瑜伽练习。故选C项。
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Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·南昌市高一上期中)
Dealing with Stress in Sports
Sports are a great way to have fun while staying fit.Sports also teach important life lessons like working as a team. 1 .Having a healthy attitude about sports and learning to deal with the stress that comes with competing can help you perform your best.
Competing always leads to some stress.And that can be good. 2 .But too much stress can take the fun out of a sport and make it hard to perform.If you think there might be too much stress around competing, talk to your parents and coach.Making some changes can help.If you have too much going on, think about limiting practice time or only doing one sport or activity per season.
3 .So it's important to know how to deal with it.Trying different ways during practice helps you know what will work best for you during competition.You can try to take a deep breath and hold it in for about 5 seconds, then release (释放) it slowly.Repeat those five times.You can also think positively and develop positive self-talk, like saying “I learn from my mistakes.” “I'm in control of my feelings.” “I can make this goal!” to help keep the negative (消极的) thoughts away.
Keep stress levels down when you aren't competing. 4 . Besides, doing something fun and relaxing is great, such as taking a break from competing and going for a walk, riding a bike, seeing a movie or hanging out with friends.
Finally don't forget that no one is perfect.Everyone makes mistakes in sports.It is part of the game. 5
Whether you play on the school team or at a weekend pick-up game, the point is to have fun.By keeping that as the first place, you can learn to deal with the stress that is a natural part of competition.
A.There will always be some stress in sports
B.A little stress helps the body face a challenge
C.Why not be quick to forgive mistakes and move on
D.If you have too much going on, think about doing more exercising
E.It is best to eat well and get enough sleep, especially before games
F.Aren't sports about staying active, developing as a player and
making friends
G.But it's not always easy to keep it together when it feels like
winning is everything
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何学会处理运动竞争带来的压力。
1.G [根据下文“Having a healthy attitude about...help you perform your best.” 可知,上一句谈及对待运动的态度。再结合上文对体育运动好处的阐述可知,此处涉及对运动的一个消极态度。故选
G项。]
2.B [根据上文“Competing always leads to some stress.And that can be good.”可知,此处说明竞争带来压力是件好事的具体体现。与上文构成因果关系。故选B项。]
3.A [根据下文“So it's important to know how...best for you during competition.”可知,此处谈及在竞赛中总会有一些压力。后一句的it指代some stress。故选A项。]
4.E [根据上文“Keep stress levels down when you aren't competing.”可知,此处涉及不参加比赛时降低运动压力水平的一个方法。故选E项。]
5.C [根据上文“Finally don't forget that no...It is part of the game”可知,此处应涉及对在运动中犯错误的态度。即迅速原谅错误,继续前进。结合后文的问号可知本句是疑问句。故选C项。]
Thanks！
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