UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
大观念之单元话题:单元中心话题是“有成就的人”,主要介绍了屠呦呦、爱因斯坦等具有卓越成就的人物。通过学习本单元内容,了解一些著名人物的生平及其伟大成就,探究其获得成功的原因,学习其精神品质;正确认识“个人成就”与“社会价值”之间的关系,思考未来的努力方向。
①ceremony / ser m ni/n.仪式
②perseverance/ p s v r ns/ n.毅力
③foster / f st (r)/ vt.鼓励;促进
④be presented with 被授予
⑤play an increasingly significant role in发挥越来越重要的作用
⑥maintain one’s passion保持激情
类文悦读·情境导学
山东籍院士薛其坤:从考研挫折到国家最高科技奖 寒门学子书写量子科学传奇
China began its annual top awards ceremony① for scientific and technology achievements.President Xi presented China’s top sci-tech award at the national science and technology award conference.
Xue Qikun,president of Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,was presented with④ the State Preeminent (卓越的) Science and Technology Award,China’s top science award.
Also a professor at Tsinghua University and an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xue is considered as an outstanding scientist,whose research achievements play an increasingly significant role in⑤ the development of science.
Despite varying descriptions of Xue,his coworkers were impressed by his diligence,perseverance② and optimism.
Born and raised in a mountainous region in Shandong Province in 1963,Xue said he considered himself “proficient in science since high school” but had only been an average student in college.
He failed the graduate program entrance exam twice before being admitted to the Institute of Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1987.
“Whatever difficulties I encounter,under no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat,” he said last week.
“I am often asked where I draw my strength from and how I maintain my passion⑥,” Xue said.“That’s actually very easy for me.I am already grateful for being born into a great time that values and fosters③ innovation.Just by looking back at how far we’ve come,I feel inspired to keep going.”
Many of us regard him as our model,whose deeds encourage us to follow our passion and strive for our dreams.
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the picture,predict what this passage is mainly talking about.
答案 Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin,a substance extracted from sweet wormwood.
Step Two:While-reading
阅读策略——找出描述性语言
描述性语言(descriptive words)指描述事物具体状态或事件详细始末的语言,如对名词进行定义或对事物进行解释、介绍、说明的语言。在“TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE”这篇新闻报道中,作者使用了大量的描述性语言,现举例进行分析。
在第二段第一句中,作者使用形容词committed和patient描述屠呦呦的品质,这正解释了她能够获得诺贝尔奖的主观原因;在介绍研究过程时,作者采用 列数字的方法,如:examined over 2,000 old medical texts、evaluated 280,000 plants和tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,这些数字充分展现了研究过程的艰辛、科学与严谨。
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.Tu Youyou owes her success to her team and traditional Chinese medicine.
Para.2 B.Tu Youyou was awarded Nobel Prize because of discovering artemisinin.
Para.3 C.Tu Youyou’s personal experiences.
Para.4 D.The process of discovering artemisinin.
答案 Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 D
Para.4 A
2.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Tu Youyou’s problems in discovering artemisinin.
B.Introduction about Tu’s research team.
C.The story behind Tu Youyou’s Nobel Prize and the value of her discovery.
D.Tu Youyou’s personal life.
答案 C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Tu Youyou win Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
A.Because she saved millions of people around the world.
B.Because she discovered artemisinin which has saved thousands of lives.
C.Because she formed a team to discover a new treatment for malaria.
D.Because she tested countless wormwood and was not afraid of failure.
2.What do you think of Tu Youyou
A.She is careful and eager to get the Nobel Prize.
B.She loves her country and her team.
C.She is strict in her work.
D.She is a devoted and patient scientist.
3.What can you learn from Tu Youyou’s experiment
A.Science must be proved many times.
B.Scientific work is too boring.
C.Only those who are not afraid of failure can succeed.
D.Scientific conclusions cannot be cut short.
4.What caused the discovery of artemisinin according to Tu Youyou
A.Too many patients.
B.Her good education.
C.Team cooperation.
D.Ancient Chinese medical texts.
5.Where would you most likely find this passage
A.In a blog. B.In a book.
C.In a letter. D.In a newspaper.
答案 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
学会断句:这是一个主从复合句。主句为Tu Youyou went to Hainan,表示地点的关系副词where引导定语从句, 介词短语In the beginning作状语;动词不定式短语to study malaria patients作目的状语。
尝试翻译:起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究疟疾病人,在那儿疟疾更常见。
2.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.
学会断句:本句是but连接的并列句,句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列宾语,obtained from this是过去分词短语作定语,修饰liquid。
尝试翻译:之后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,使用从中获得的液体治疗疟疾,但还是不起作用。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
Tu Youyou 1.was awarded (award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October 2015 because of the discovery of artemisinin.
Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated 2.from Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of 3.scientists (scientist) with the objective of 4.discovering (discover) a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 5.chosen (choose).In 1969,she became the head of the project in Beijing,and decided 6.to review (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7.using (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team overcame numerous difficulties and 8.finally (final) succeeded in 1971.This medicine,9.which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed 10.an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
[原文呈现]
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to① Tu Youyou (co-winner),[1] whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial② new treatment for③ malaria.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year,and about 600,000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital④ part of the treatment for malaria,and [2]is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
[1]此处是whose引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tu Youyou,whose在从句中作定语;a crucial new treatment for malaria是同位语,用来解释说明artemisinin。
[2]此处是“主语+be thought+不定式”句型。
Tu Youyou,a committed⑤ and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School⑥ in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy⑦ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑧ of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among [3]the first researchers chosen. In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,[4]where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.In 1969,she became the head⑨ of the project in Beijing,and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑩ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties .From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
[3]chosen是过去分词作后置定语,修饰the first researchers。
[4]此处是where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Hainan,where在从句中作地点状语。
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.She analysed the medical texts again,and by chance,she found one sentence [5]suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.[6]Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.After failing more than 190 times,the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
[5]此处是v.-ing形式短语作后置定语,修饰one sentence;to treat the wormwood是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰a different way。
[6]此处是v.-ing形式短语作方式状语。
According to Tu Youyou,the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.[7] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me,and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.[8]It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
[7]Upon/On (doing)...意为“一……就……”。that引导宾语从句,作hearing的宾语。
[8]It是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to be spread around the world。
[名师圈点]
①award sth to sb (=award sb sth)授予某人某物
②crucial / kru l/ adj.至关重要的;关键性的
③(a) treatment for...(一种)治疗……的方法
④vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
⑤committed /k mItId/ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
⑥school /sku l/n.熟词生义 [C](高等院校的)学院,系
the business/medical/law school
商学院/医学院/法学院
⑦academy / k d mi/ n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
[派生词]academic / k demIk/ adj.学业的;学术的
[拓展]high academic standards高学术水平
⑧objective / b d ektIv/ n.目标;目的(相当于goal/aim/purpose) adj.客观的
[拓展]with the objective/aim/goal of...或for the purpose of...以……为目标
⑨head /hed/n.[C,U]负责人,领导人(熟词生义)
⑩botanical /b t nIkl/ adj.植物学的
[词链]botany (/ b t ni/ n.植物学)→botanist (/ b t n st/ n.植物学家)→botanical (adj.)
evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.评价;评估
[派生词]evaluation / v lju e n/
n.评估,评价
property / pr p ti/ n.[C,usually pl.]性质;特征;[U]财产
distinct /dI stI kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
promise / pr m s/ n.[U]获得成功的迹象(熟词生义)
show promise有希望,有前途
suggest doing...建议做……
extract / ekstr kt/ n.[U,C]提取物;[C]摘录 /Ik str kt/ vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
a collection of...一批……;一群……
boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.用沸水煮;(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开 n.[sing.]沸腾;沸点
[拓展]boiling water沸水
boiled water 煮开过的水
liquid / lIkwId/ n.[U,C]液体 adj.液体的;液态的
[拓展]solid / s l d/ n.[C] 固体 adj.固体的
gas /ɡ s/ n.[C,U]气体
obtain / b teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
[搭配]obtain...from/through...从……中得到……
work /w k/ vi.起效,起作用(熟词生义)
get stuck陷入困境;被困住
acknowledge / k n lId / vt.
承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
defeat /dI fi t/ n.[U,C]
失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
analyse (NAmE-ze) / n laIz/ vt.分析
[派生词]analysis / n l s s/
n.[U,C] (pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析
[拓展]carry out/do an analysis of...
对……进行分析
by chance 碰巧;意外地
[同义]by accident偶然地,意外地
[反义]by design/on purpose/purposely
故意地
conclude /k n klu d/ vt.断定,推断出
apparently / p r ntli/ adv.显而易见;看来;显然
[拓展]apparent / p r nt/ adj.显然,显而易见
It is apparent that...显然……(=It is clear/obvious/evident that...)
draw out 提炼出,取出
[拓展]draw up 起草,拟订
draw near接近,靠近
substance / s bst ns/ n.物质;物品;事实根据
insist /In sIst/ vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
test sth on sb在某人身上试验某物
scientific / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的
[参考译文] 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖
2015年10月6日
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现,一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。青蒿素拯救了数十万人的生命,并改善了数百万人的健康状况。每年全世界超过两亿人感染疟疾,大约有60万人死于这种病。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。
屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院(今北京大学医学部)。毕业后,她在北京的中国中医科学院工作。1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究疟疾病人,在那儿疟疾更常见。1969年,她成为北京项目的负责人,并决定查阅古代中医文献,寻找这种疾病的传统植物学疗法。她的团队查阅了2 000多份古医药文献,评估了28万株植物的药性。他们在研究中发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法,为对抗疟疾带来了希望。
一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队试验了一批干青蒿叶,但没有发现任何效果。之后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,使用从中获得的液体治疗疟疾,但还是不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦不肯承认失败。她再次分析医药文献,偶然发现一句话建议用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。她断定煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药性。(通过)使用较低的温度进行提取,她发现了一种有效的物质。失败了190多次之后,这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。后来,这种药在疟疾患者身上进行了试验,大多数患者都康复了。这种药很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物,被称为青蒿素。
依屠呦呦所说,青蒿素的发现是团队努力的成果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“荣誉不只属于我。我身后有一个团队,还有祖国的所有人民。这一成功证明了中药的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。”
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Women Pioneers Who Changed the World
Ali Stroker
Ali Stroker took the theater world—and,indeed,the very Internet—by storm when,on June 9,2019,she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award.After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015,she won the award for her powerful performance in the revival of Oklahoma!
Susan B.Anthony
Susan B.Anthony participated in her first women’s rights conference in 1852.Over the next 54 years,she published The Revolution,gave speeches,called the first Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington,D.C.(1869),and was arrested for voting (1872).She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery and improving workers’ rights,higher education for women,and training standardization and registration for nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of a company,making her the first female CEO in America.She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand.Eventually,she took the brand international.She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans.
Malala Yousafzai
When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls’ schools,Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women’s right to an education.She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat.In 2012,a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head.She survived.In 2014,she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四位对世界作出贡献的女性先驱。
1.What is Ali Stroker noted for
A.Her efforts to win a prize. B.Her Broadway background.
C.Her special art performance. D.Her wheelchair to perform in.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章Ali Stroker相关内容可知,Ali Stroker以其特别的艺术表演而闻名,故选C项。]
2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell
A.Doubtful. B.Devoted.
C.Stubborn. D.Outgoing.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据文章Anna Bissell相关内容可知,Anna Bissell是一位有奉献精神的女性,故选B项。]
3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women
A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell.
B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai.
C.Susan B.Anthony and Anna Bissell.
D.Susan B.Anthony and Malala Yousafzai.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据文章Susan B.Anthony中“She was also a vocal advocate...higher education for women”及Malala Yousafzai中“Yousafzai gave a speech...right to an education”可知,Susan B.Anthony和Malala Yousafzai两位女性对于女性教育做出了巨大贡献,故选D项。]
B
Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇),and the other to build nuclear power plants.Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task.In fact,he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects,from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations.
Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (机械) in the Soviet Union.In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.At that time,the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major.Peng willingly agreed,marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.
In 1958,China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines,and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system.In the 1980s,China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant.Appointed as the director-in-chief,Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction.
During his career,Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles.In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,one of the top academic bodies in China.
Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021 at the age of 96.The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄院士的生平事迹和重要贡献。
4.What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A.Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power.
B.Peng was actually a very modest person.
C.Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants.
D.Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段中“Despite being one of...role in the task.”可知,尽管彭是中国核电工业的奠基人之一,但他说自己在这项任务中发挥的作用很小。由此判断,彭士禄院士是一个非常谦虚的人,故选B项。]
5.What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean
A.Focus on. B.Know about.
C.Turn to. D.Research into.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Peng was selected to study...point in his life.(彭被选派到苏联学习化学机械。1956年,当他即将毕业时,他面临着人生的转折点)”和下文“the atomic energy major (原子能专业)”可知,彭面临的转折点是放弃自己原来的专业,改学原子能专业,turn to表示“转向”,与画线部分意义一致,故选C项。]
6.How does the author develop the passage
A.By following the time order.
B.By showing the great importance.
C.By providing some similar examples.
D.By explaining the process of research.
答案 A [写作手法题。通读全文可知,第一段引出文章的主题,再结合第二段中“Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.”、“In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.”、第三段中“In 1958,China started to independently develop...”、第四段中“In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering”和最后一段中“Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021”可知,文章按照时间顺序讲述彭士禄院士的生平,故选A项。]
7.Which of the following is the proper title for the passage
A.China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert
B.Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines
C.China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert
D.A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country
答案 D [标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“In fact,he held...nuclear power stations.”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of...for his contributions.”可知,从第一代核潜艇到大亚湾和秦山核电站的建设,中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄在中国早期的大部分核电项目中都担任领导职务,中共中央宣传部授予他“时代楷模”称号,以表彰他的贡献。因此,D项“一位核英雄致力于帮助他的国家”最契合彭士禄的人物事迹和贡献,适合作为文章标题,故选D项。]
C
The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully collected rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon,which will offer scientists an opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face unseen from Earth.
The samples entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed in northern China.They were secured in a re-entry capsule (太空舱) from a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.The entire mission lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research.“Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao,a planetary geologist,tells the media.“This is a major event for scientists worldwide.”
Launched on May 3,the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules:an ascender (上升器),an orbiter,a lunar lander and a return capsule.It reached lunar orbit five days later,where it remained for several weeks.On June 1,the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in the South Pole Aitken Basin.Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult,because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth.To solve this problem,CNSA engineers used two relay satellites,Queqiao and Queqiao-2,launched ahead of this mission,to communicate with the spacecraft.
Once on the moon,Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm to collect 4.3 pounds of lunar material.“Collecting samples from the far side is exciting,as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” says Martin Barstow,an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England.The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3,then united with the orbiter later.It began its earth-bound journey on June 21,and got to China on June 25.
Scientists hope the lunar soil will offer evidence of the history of the moon,which could also explain that of the Earth.Most lunar basins were formed from asteroid showers 3.9 billion years ago,which also hit the Earth and possibly carried water there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了嫦娥六号携带月球背面土壤样品成功返回地球的一大壮举,为科学家们提供了一个研究地球上不太了解的月球表面的机会。
8.Which carried the lunar soil back to Earth
A.The orbiter.
B.The lunar lander.
C.The ascender.
D.The return capsule.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The samples entered...a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.”可知,这些样本于周二进入地球大气层,降落在中国北部。它们被固定在一个返回舱中,是返回舱携带月球土壤样本返回地球,故选D项。]
9.How long did it take the Chang’e-6 to reach the moon
A.Nearly a month. B.About a week.
C.20 days. D.11 days.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Launched on May 3”和“On June 1,the lander...in the South Pole Aitken Basin.”可知,嫦娥六号于5月3日发射,6月1日着陆器成功降落在月球背面的南极——艾特肯盆地,约一个月时间,故选A项。]
10.What is the function of the relay satellites
A.To prevent the Chang’e-6 spacecraft being harmed.
B.To repair the Chang’e-6 spacecraft in case of emergency.
C.To provide better signals for the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
D.To better observe the flight of the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Directing the movement of...with the spacecraft.”可知,中国航天局的工程师们使用了两颗中继卫星来与航天器通信,故选C项。]
11.Why is the soil from the far side of the moon important
A.It is the first time to collect lunar soil.
B.It may help scientists know more about the moon.
C.The soil is very rare on the moon.
D.It is made up of at least 100 chemical elements.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第一段“The China National Space...lunar face unseen from Earth.”和第四段中“Collecting samples from...on the geology there”可知,科学家对于月球背面不太了解,那里的土壤样本非常重要是因为它可能会帮助科学家更多地了解月球,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
My older brother went to the school chess club at school in Minnesota where we live,so when I started first grade at the age of 6,I also started going too. 1 After a few months I started getting rated.
2 Over the next two years I probably played 200 games at the school club and lost many of them,but through that I got more experience and became pretty good.
I study many parts of chess: opening,strategies and also endgames. 3 I enjoy positional play in the middle game,but if there are brilliant strategies I can use,I like playing them too.
Every game is different and I think people might not realize that.There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative. 4 After the first two years of playing,when I was 8,I became one of the youngest chess experts in the US.You have to reach a rating of 2,000 to get that title,and I achieved that in September of 2018.I was one of the youngest girls to achieve that and I do not think any other girls have done so since then.
Since then,I have won two gold medals at the World Cadet Chess Championship.In March 2020,I achieved a chess rating of 2,200 and became one of the youngest US chess masters.
I was the youngest player,boy or girl,in the US Junior Championship or the US Girls’ Junior Championship in 2020,which was played online. 5 It feels great to be playing older and experienced players and I hope I can be as good as some of them one day.It’s the games that I lost to stronger players at last year’s Championships that actually stood out to me,because I try to learn from them.
A.That’s why I like chess.
B.I was drawn into the game.
C.But I was one of the worst players at first.
D.This is because I play chess for fun.
E.I tried to get better at them with practice.
F.I practiced playing chess in my free time.
G.I was the youngest again to compete in 20.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者成为美国最年轻的国际象棋大师之一的故事。
1.B [根据后文的“After a few months I started getting rated.”作者很快就开始被评级了可知,作者进步很快,应该是喜欢国际象棋。B选项“我被这个游戏吸引住了。”符合语境。]
2.C [根据下文的“lost many of them”可知,作者虽然喜欢国际象棋,但是在比赛中输了很多次,C选项“但一开始我是最差的选手之一。”符合语境。]
3.E [根据上文的“I study many parts of chess:opening,strategies and also endgames.”可知:作者对象棋进行了深入的研究。E选项“我试着通过练习把它们做得更好。”符合语境。E选项中的them指上文提到的 opening,strategies and also endgames。]
4.A [根据上文的“There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative.”可知,玩国际象棋要有创造性,这是原因,后面顺承表示结果。A选项“这就是我喜欢下棋的原因。”符合语境。]
5.G [根据上文的“I was the youngest player...which was played online.”可知,作者是最年轻的选手。G选项“我再次成为20届比赛中最年轻的选手。”在语意上与其构成递进关系。](共84张PPT)
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
大观念之单元话题:单元中心话题是“有成就的人”,主要介绍了屠呦呦、爱因斯坦等具有卓越成就的人物。通过学习本单元内容,了解一些著名人物的生平及其伟大成就,探究其获得成功的原因,学习其精神品质;正确认识“个人成就”与“社会价值”之间的关系,思考未来的努力方向。
①ceremony / ser m ni/ n.仪式
②perseverance/ p s v r ns/ n.毅力
③foster / f st (r)/ vt.鼓励;促进
④be presented with 被授予
⑤play an increasingly significant role in
发挥越来越重要的作用
⑥maintain one’s passion 保持激情
类文悦读·情境导学
山东籍院士薛其坤:从考研挫折到国家最高科技奖 寒门学子书写量子科学传奇
China began its annual top awards ceremony① for scientific and technology achievements.President Xi presented China’s top sci－tech award at the national science and technology award conference.
Xue Qikun,president of Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen,Guangdong Province,was presented with④ the State Preeminent (卓越的) Science and Technology Award,China’s top science award.
Also a professor at Tsinghua University and an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xue is considered as an outstanding scientist,whose research achievements play an increasingly significant role in⑤ the development of science.
Despite varying descriptions of Xue,his coworkers were impressed by his diligence,perseverance② and optimism.
Born and raised in a mountainous region in Shandong Province in 1963,Xue said he considered himself “proficient in science since high school” but had only been an average student in college.
He failed the graduate program entrance exam twice before being admitted to the Institute of Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1987.
“Whatever difficulties I encounter,under no circumstances will I acknowledge defeat,” he said last week.
“I am often asked where I draw my strength from and how I maintain my passion⑥,” Xue said.“That’s actually very easy for me.I am already grateful for being born into a great time that values and fosters③ innovation.Just by looking back at how far we’ve come,I feel inspired to keep going.”
Many of us regard him as our model,whose deeds encourage us to follow our passion and strive for our dreams.
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
课时测评作业
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the picture,predict what this passage is mainly talking about.
答案 Tu Youyou for the discovery of , a substance extracted from sweet wormwood.
was awarded the Nobel Prize
artemisinin
Step Two:While-reading
阅读策略——找出描述性语言
描述性语言(descriptive words)指描述事物具体状态或事件详细始末的语言,如对名词进行定义或对事物进行解释、介绍、说明的语言。在“TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE”这篇新闻报道中,作者使用了大量的描述性语言,现举例进行分析。
在第二段第一句中,作者使用形容词committed和patient描述屠呦呦的品质,这正解释了她能够获得诺贝尔奖的主观原因;在介绍研究过程时,作者采用列数字的方法,如:examined over 2,000 old medical texts、evaluated 280,000 plants和tested380distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,这些数字充分展现了研究过程的艰辛、科学与严谨。
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A.Tu Youyou owes her success to her team and traditional Chinese medicine.
Para.2 B.Tu Youyou was awarded Nobel Prize because of discovering artemisinin.
Para.3 C.Tu Youyou’s personal experiences.
Para.4 D.The process of discovering artemisinin.
答案 Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 D Para.4 A
2.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Tu Youyou’s problems in discovering artemisinin.
B.Introduction about Tu’s research team.
C.The story behind Tu Youyou’s Nobel Prize and the value of her discovery.
D.Tu Youyou’s personal life.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
research
process
got stuck
that worked
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Tu Youyou win Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
A.Because she saved millions of people around the world.
B.Because she discovered artemisinin which has saved thousands of lives.
C.Because she formed a team to discover a new treatment for malaria.
D.Because she tested countless wormwood and was not afraid of failure.
√
2.What do you think of Tu Youyou
A.She is careful and eager to get the Nobel Prize.
B.She loves her country and her team.
C.She is strict in her work.
D.She is a devoted and patient scientist.
√
3.What can you learn from Tu Youyou’s experiment
A.Science must be proved many times.
B.Scientific work is too boring.
C.Only those who are not afraid of failure can succeed.
D.Scientific conclusions cannot be cut short.
√
4.What caused the discovery of artemisinin according to Tu Youyou
A.Too many patients.
B.Her good education.
C.Team cooperation.
D.Ancient Chinese medical texts.
√
5.Where would you most likely find this passage
A.In a blog. B.In a book.
C.In a letter. D.In a newspaper.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.
学会断句:这是一个主从复合句。主句为Tu Youyou went to Hainan,表示地点的关系副词where引导 从句, 介词短语In the beginning作 ;动词不定式短语to study malaria patients作_______状语。
定语
状语
目的
尝试翻译:
起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究疟疾病人,在那儿疟疾更常见。
2.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.
学会断句:本句是 连接的并列句,句中boiling fresh wormwood和using the liquid作tried的并列 ,obtained from this是过去分词短语作定语,修饰 。
尝试翻译:
but
宾语
liquid
之后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,使用从中获得的液体治疗疟疾,但还是不起作用。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
Tu Youyou 1. (award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October 2015 because of the discovery of artemisinin.
Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated 2. _____________ Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in
was awarded
from
Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of 3._________ (scientist) with the objective of 4. (discover) a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 5. (choose).In 1969,she became the head of the project in Beijing,and decided 6. (review) ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.
scientists
discovering
chosen
to review
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 7.__________ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team overcame numerous difficulties and 8. (final) succeeded in 1971.This medicine,9. was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed 10. honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
using
finally
which
an
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to① Tu Youyou (co－winner),[1] whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial② new treatment for③ malaria.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives,and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people
[原文呈现]
around the world get malaria each year,and about 600,000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital④ part of the treatment for malaria, and [2]is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
[1]此处是whose引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tu Youyou,whose在从句中作定语;a crucial new treatment for malaria是同位语,用来解释说明artemisinin。
[2]此处是“主语＋be thought＋不定式”句型。
Tu Youyou,a committed⑤ and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo, China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School⑥ in 1955.After she graduated,she worked at the China Academy⑦ of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑧ of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among [3]the first researchers chosen. In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,[4]where malaria was more common, to study
malaria patients.In 1969,she became the head⑨ of the project in Beijing,and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑩ treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties .From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
[3]chosen是过去分词作后置定语,修饰the first researchers。
[4]此处是where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Hainan,where在从句中作地点状语。
[5]此处是v.－ing形式短语作后置定语,修饰one sentence;to treat the wormwood是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰a different way。
[6]此处是v.－ing形式短语作方式状语。
[7]Upon/On (doing)...意为“一……就……”。that引导宾语从句,作hearing的宾语。
[8]It是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to be spread around the world。
[名师圈点]
①award sth to sb (＝award sb sth)授予某人某物
②crucial / kru l/ adj.至关重要的;关键性的
③(a) treatment for...(一种)治疗……的方法
④vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
⑤committed /k mItId/ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
⑥school /sku l/n.熟词生义 [C](高等院校的)学院,系
the business/medical/law school商学院/医学院/法学院
⑦academy / k d mi/ n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
[派生词]academic / k demIk/ adj.学业的;学术的
[拓展]high academic standards高学术水平
⑧objective / b d ektIv/ n.目标;目的(相当于goal/aim/purpose) adj.客观的
[拓展]with the objective/aim/goal of...或for the purpose of...
以……为目标
⑨head /hed/n.[C,U]负责人,领导人(熟词生义)
⑩botanical /b t nIkl/ adj.植物学的
[词链]botany (/ b t ni/ n.植物学)→botanist (/ b t n st/ n.植物学家)→botanical (adj.)
evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.评价;评估
[派生词]evaluation / v lju e n/n.评估,评价
property / pr p ti/ n.[C,usually pl.]性质;特征;[U]财产
distinct /dI stI kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
promise / pr m s/ n.[U]获得成功的迹象(熟词生义)
show promise有希望,有前途
suggest doing...建议做……
extract / ekstr kt/ n.[U,C]提取物;[C]摘录 /Ik str kt/ vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
a collection of...一批……;一群……
boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.用沸水煮;(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开 n.[sing.]沸腾;沸点
[拓展]boiling water沸水
boiled water 煮开过的水
liquid / lIkwId/ n.[U,C]液体 adj.液体的;液态的
[拓展]solid / s l d/ n.[C] 固体 adj.固体的
gas /ɡ s/ n.[C,U]气体
obtain / b teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
[搭配]obtain...from/through...从……中得到……
work /w k/ vi.起效,起作用(熟词生义)
get stuck陷入困境;被困住
acknowledge / k n lId / vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
defeat /dI fi t/ n.[U,C]失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
analyse (NAmE－ze) / n laIz/ vt.分析
[派生词]analysis / n l s s/n.[U,C] (pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析
[拓展]carry out/do an analysis of...对……进行分析
by chance 碰巧;意外地
[同义]by accident偶然地,意外地
[反义]by design/on purpose/purposely故意地
conclude /k n klu d/ vt.断定,推断出
apparently / p r ntli/ adv.显而易见;看来;显然
[拓展]apparent / p r nt/ adj.显然,显而易见
It is apparent that...显然……
(＝It is clear/obvious/evident that...)
draw out 提炼出,取出
[拓展]draw up 起草,拟订
draw near接近,靠近
substance / s bst ns/ n.物质;物品;事实根据
insist /In sIst/ vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
test sth on sb在某人身上试验某物
scientific / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的
[参考译文] 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖
2015年10月6日
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现,一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。青蒿素拯救了数十万人的生命,并改善了数百万人的健康状况。每年全世界超过两亿人感染疟疾,大约有60万人死于这种病。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。
屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院(今北京大学医学部)。毕业后,她在北京的中国中医科学院工作。1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。起初,屠呦呦前往海南研究疟疾病人,在那儿疟疾更常见。1969年,她成为北京项目的负责人,并决定查阅古代中医文献,寻找这种疾病的传统植物学疗法。她的团队查阅了2 000多份古医药文献,评估了28万株植物的药性。他们在研究中发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法,为对抗疟疾带来了希望。
一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队试验了一批干青蒿叶,但没有发现任何效果。之后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,使用从中获得的液体治疗疟疾,但还是不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而,屠呦呦不肯承认失败。她再次分析医药文献,偶然发现一句话建议用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。她断定煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药性。(通过)使用较低的温度进行提取,她发现了一种有效的物质。失败了190多次之后,这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。后来,这种药在疟疾患者身上进行了试验,大多数患者都康复了。这种药很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物,被称为青蒿素。
依屠呦呦所说,青蒿素的发现是团队努力的成果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“荣誉不只属于我。我身后有一个团队,还有祖国的所有人民。这一成功证明了中药的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。”
课 时 测 评 作 业
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
A
Women Pioneers Who Changed the World
Ali Stroker
Ali Stroker took the theater world—and,indeed,the very Internet—by storm when,on June 9,2019,she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award.After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015,she won the award for her powerful performance in the revival of Oklahoma!
Susan B.Anthony
Susan B.Anthony participated in her first women’s rights conference in 1852.Over the next 54 years,she published The Revolution,gave speeches,called the first Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington,D.C.(1869),and was arrested for voting (1872).She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery and improving workers’ rights,higher education for women,and training standardization and registration for nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of a company,making her the first female CEO in America.She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand.Eventually,she took the brand international.She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans.
Malala Yousafzai
When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls’ schools,Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women’s right to an education.She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat.In 2012,a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head.She survived.In 2014,she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四位对世界作出贡献的女性先驱。
1.What is Ali Stroker noted for
A.Her efforts to win a prize.
B.Her Broadway background.
C.Her special art performance.
D.Her wheelchair to perform in.
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解析 细节理解题。根据文章Ali Stroker相关内容可知,Ali Stroker以其特别的艺术表演而闻名,故选C项。
2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell
A.Doubtful. B.Devoted.
C.Stubborn. D.Outgoing.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章Anna Bissell相关内容可知,Anna Bissell是一位有奉献精神的女性,故选B项。
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3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women
A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell.
B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai.
C.Susan B.Anthony and Anna Bissell.
D.Susan B.Anthony and Malala Yousafzai.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章Susan B.Anthony中“She was also a vocal advocate...higher education for women”及Malala Yousafzai中“Yousafzai gave a speech...right to an education”可知,Susan B.Anthony和Malala Yousafzai两位女性对于女性教育做出了巨大贡献,故选D项。
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B
Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇),and the other to build nuclear power plants.Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry,Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task.In fact,he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects,from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations.
Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (机械) in the Soviet Union.In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.At that time,the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major.Peng willingly agreed,marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.
In 1958,China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines,and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system.In the 1980s,China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant.Appointed as the director-in-chief,Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction.
During his career,Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles.In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,one of the top academic bodies in China.
Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021 at the age of 96.The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄院士的生平事迹和重要贡献。
4.What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A.Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power.
B.Peng was actually a very modest person.
C.Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants.
D.Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Despite being one of...role in the task.”可知,尽管彭是中国核电工业的奠基人之一,但他说自己在这项任务中发挥的作用很小。由此判断,彭士禄院士是一个非常谦虚的人,故选B项。
5.What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean
A.Focus on. B.Know about.
C.Turn to. D.Research into.
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解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Peng was selected to study...point in his life.(彭被选派到苏联学习化学机械。1956年,当他即将毕业时,他面临着人生的转折点)”和下文“the atomic energy major (原子能专业)”可知,彭面临的转折点是放弃自己原来的专业,改学原子能专业,turn to表示“转向”,与画线部分意义一致,故选C项。
6.How does the author develop the passage
A.By following the time order.
B.By showing the great importance.
C.By providing some similar examples.
D.By explaining the process of research.
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解析 写作手法题。通读全文可知,第一段引出文章的主题,再结合第二段中“Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes.”、“In 1956,when he was about to graduate,he faced a turning point in his life.”、第三段中“In 1958,China started to independently develop...”、第四段中“In 1994,he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering”和最后一段中“Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22,2021”可知,文章按照时间顺序讲述彭士禄院士的生平,故选A项。
7.Which of the following is the proper title for the passage
A.China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert
B.Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines
C.China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert
D.A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country
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解析 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“In fact,he held...nuclear power stations.”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of...for his contributions.”可知,从第一代核潜艇到大亚湾和秦山核电站的建设,中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄在中国早期的大部分核电项目中都担任领导职务,中共中央宣传部授予他“时代楷模”称号,以表彰他的贡献。因此,D项“一位核英雄致力于帮助他的国家”最契合彭士禄的人物事迹和贡献,适合作为文章标题,故选D项。
C
The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has successfully collected rock and soil samples from the far side of the moon,which will offer scientists an opportunity to study the lesser-understood lunar face unseen from Earth.
The samples entered Earth’s atmosphere on Tuesday and landed in northern China.They were secured in a re-entry capsule (太空舱) from a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.The entire mission lasted nearly two months and marked a milestone for lunar research. “Chang’e-6 is the first mission in human history to return samples from the far side of the moon,” Long Xiao,a planetary geologist,tells the media.“This is a major event for scientists worldwide.”
Launched on May 3,the Chang’e-6 spacecraft consisted of four modules:an ascender (上升器),an orbiter,a lunar lander and a return capsule.It reached lunar orbit five days later,where it remained for several weeks.On June 1,the lander successfully descended and touched down on the far side of the moon in the South Pole Aitken Basin.Directing the movement of a spacecraft on the far side of the moon is difficult,because the moon blocks radio signals from Earth.To solve this problem,CNSA engineers used two relay satellites,Queqiao and Queqiao-2,launched ahead of this mission,to communicate with the spacecraft.
Once on the moon,Chang’e-6 used a robotic arm to collect 4.3 pounds of lunar material.“Collecting samples from the far side is exciting,as we only have very limited information on the geology there,” says Martin Barstow,an astrophysicist at the University of Leicester in England.The collection of rocks launched from the lunar surface in the spacecraft’s ascender on June 3,then united with the orbiter later.It began its earth-bound journey on June 21,and got to China on June 25.
Scientists hope the lunar soil will offer evidence of the history of the moon,which could also explain that of the Earth.Most lunar basins were formed from asteroid showers 3.9 billion years ago,which also hit the Earth and possibly carried water there.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了嫦娥六号携带月球背面土壤样品成功返回地球的一大壮举,为科学家们提供了一个研究地球上不太了解的月球表面的机会。
8.Which carried the lunar soil back to Earth
A.The orbiter. B.The lunar lander.
C.The ascender. D.The return capsule.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The samples entered...a larger spacecraft,called Chang’e-6.”可知,这些样本于周二进入地球大气层,降落在中国北部。它们被固定在一个返回舱中,是返回舱携带月球土壤样本返回地球,故选D项。
9.How long did it take the Chang’e-6 to reach the moon
A.Nearly a month. B.About a week.
C.20 days. D.11 days.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Launched on May 3”和“On June 1,the lander...in the South Pole Aitken Basin.”可知,嫦娥六号于5月3日发射,6月1日着陆器成功降落在月球背面的南极——艾特肯盆地,约一个月时间,故选A项。
10.What is the function of the relay satellites
A.To prevent the Chang’e-6 spacecraft being harmed.
B.To repair the Chang’e-6 spacecraft in case of emergency.
C.To provide better signals for the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
D.To better observe the flight of the Chang’e-6 spacecraft.
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解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Directing the movement of...with the spacecraft.”可知,中国航天局的工程师们使用了两颗中继卫星来与航天器通信,故选C项。
11.Why is the soil from the far side of the moon important
A.It is the first time to collect lunar soil.
B.It may help scientists know more about the moon.
C.The soil is very rare on the moon.
D.It is made up of at least 100 chemical elements.
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解析 推理判断题。根据第一段“The China National Space...lunar face unseen from Earth.”和第四段中“Collecting samples from...on the geology there”可知,科学家对于月球背面不太了解,那里的土壤样本非常重要是因为它可能会帮助科学家更多地了解月球,故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
My older brother went to the school chess club at school in Minnesota where we live,so when I started first grade at the age of 6,I also started going too. 1 After a few months I started getting rated.
2 Over the next two years I probably played 200 games at the school club and lost many of them,but through that I got more experience and became pretty good.
I study many parts of chess: opening,strategies and also endgames. 3 I enjoy positional play in the middle game,but if there are brilliant strategies I can use,I like playing them too.
Every game is different and I think people might not realize that.There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative. 4 After the first two years of playing,when I was 8,I became one of the youngest chess experts in the US.You have to reach a rating of 2,000 to get that title,and I achieved that in September of 2018.I was one of the youngest girls to achieve that and I do not think any other girls have done so since then.
Since then,I have won two gold medals at the World Cadet Chess Championship.In March 2020,I achieved a chess rating of 2,200 and became one of the youngest US chess masters.
I was the youngest player,boy or girl,in the US Junior Championship or the US Girls’ Junior Championship in 2020,which was played online. 5 It feels great to be playing older and experienced players and I hope I can be as good as some of them one day.It’s the games that I lost to stronger players at last year’s Championships that actually stood out to me,because I try to learn from them.
A.That’s why I like chess.
B.I was drawn into the game.
C.But I was one of the worst players at first.
D.This is because I play chess for fun.
E.I tried to get better at them with practice.
F.I practiced playing chess in my free time.
G.I was the youngest again to compete in 20.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者成为美国最年轻的国际象棋大师之一的故事。
1.B [根据后文的“After a few months I started getting rated.”作者很快就开始被评级了可知,作者进步很快,应该是喜欢国际象棋。B选项“我被这个游戏吸引住了。”符合语境。]
2.C [根据下文的“lost many of them”可知,作者虽然喜欢国际象棋,但是在比赛中输了很多次,C选项“但一开始我是最差的选手之一。”符合语境。]
3.E [根据上文的“I study many parts of chess:opening,strategies and also endgames.”可知:作者对象棋进行了深入的研究。E选项“我试着通过练习把它们做得更好。”符合语境。E选项中的them指上文提到的 opening,strategies and also endgames。]
4.A [根据上文的“There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played,so you have to be creative.”可知,玩国际象棋要有创造性,这是原因,后面顺承表示结果。A选项“这就是我喜欢下棋的原因。”符合语境。]
5.G [根据上文的“I was the youngest player...which was played online.”可知,作者是最年轻的选手。G选项“我再次成为20届比赛中最年轻的选手。”在语意上与其构成递进关系。]
Thanks！
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