Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—Language points
[核心单词·练通]
1.crucial / kru l/ adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2.vital / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
3.objective / b d ekt v/ n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
4.property / pr p ti/ n.性质;特征;财产
5.boil /b Il/ vt.& vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开 n.沸腾;沸点
6.liquid/ lIkwId/ n.液体 adj.液体的;液态的
7.obtain / b teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
8.defeat /dI fi t/ n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
9.insist / n s st/ vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
10.mostly / m stli/ adv.主要地;一般地
[拓展单词·用活]
1.commit /k m t/ vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed
/k m t d/ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺
2.academy / k d mi/ n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic
/ k dem k/ adj.学业的;学术的
3.botanical /b t n kl/ adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学
4.evaluate /I v ljueIt/ vt.评价;评估→
evaluation n.评价;评估
5.distinct /d st kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.区别;差别
6.acknowledge / k n l d / vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledged adj.公认的→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
7.analyse / n laIz/ (NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析
8.apparently / p r ntli/ adv.显而易见;看来;显然→apparent adj.明显的;显而易见的
9.scientific / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
[阅读单词·识记]
1.physiology / fIzi l d i/ n.生理学;生理机能
2.extract / ekstr kt/ n.提取物;摘录
/ k str kt/ vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
3.wormwood / w mw d/ n.蒿;洋艾
4.substance / s bst ns/ n.物质;物品;事实根据
[重点短语·再现]
1.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺; 保证(做某事、 遵守协议或安排等)
2.insist on 坚决要求
3.graduate from... 毕业于……
4.in the beginning 在开始的时候
5.get/be stuck 被卡住了
6.draw out 提取
7.lead to导致
8.a collection of 一批;一堆
9.with the objective of 有……的目的
10.the head of ……的负责人
11.show promise 有希望,有指望,有前途
12.by chance 碰巧;意外地
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] whose引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句] This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现,一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。
2.[句型公式] 主语+be thought+不定式
[教材原句] Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。
3.[句型公式] 过去分词短语作定语
[教材原句] In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
4.[句型公式] upon/on doing... 一……就……
[教材原句] Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“荣誉不只属于我。”
5.[句型公式] It is an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是一种荣幸
[教材原句] It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
核心单词练透
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
教材原文 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的生命。
感知 语言先输入
①If we are to make a difference in environmental protection,it’s vital that we should begin with small things.(主旨升华)
②Without the oceans,no living things would survive,humans included.So oceans are vital for/to us.(2022·全国甲卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be vital to/for ... 对……至关重要
It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的
(2)be of vital importance 至关重要的
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is of vital importance that we (should) learn something from failure.
②As far as I’m concerned,it is vital to keep (keep) accurate records.
③I am busy preparing for my final exam,which is vital for/to me, so I cannot keep the appointment.
我正忙于准备期末考试,这对我来说很重要,所以我不能赴约了。
④It is vital that we develop an awareness of how the online learning resources can be properly used.(2021·全国乙卷)
重要的是我们应培养如何正确利用网络学习资源的意识。
2.committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
教材原文 Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院(今北京大学医学部)。
感知 语言先输入
①I commit myself to learning English and have a good command of English,so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher.(申请信)
②In addition to her research,she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection.(北师必三U8)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be committed to (doing) sth 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
(2)commit vt. 承诺;保证
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit a mistake/a crime 犯错误/犯罪
(3)commitment n. 承诺,保证;投入,忠于
make a commitment 作出承诺
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
①If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a commitment (commit).
②Though journalists are committed to presenting(present) the truth,it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.(译林选二U1)
③I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people,my face red with embarrassment.(心理描写)
我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误,满脸窘得通红。
④As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.
→Committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
教材原文 However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 然而,屠呦呦不肯承认失败。
感知 语言先输入
①It is widely/universally acknowledged that the film is instructive and full of emotion.
②What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(外研选三U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某事……
It is acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The country has acknowledged taking/having taken (take) every means to fight against any possible attack.
②English is acknowledged as the language of business,science,IT and the Internet around the world.
③It is universally/widely acknowledged that shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities,providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to travel short distances.(2024·全国甲卷)
共享单车已成为城市的热门选择,为短途旅行提供了一种环保且经济高效的方式,这是大家公认的。
4.defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
教材原文 However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦不肯承认失败。
感知 语言先输入
①Barriers to success can’t defeat us.Instead,they can only make us stronger.(主旨升华)
②Learning that you have defeated/beaten all the other competitors in the contest,I am writing to congratulate you.(祝贺信)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)defeat sb 击败某人
(2)suffer a serious defeat 遭受严重的挫败
辨析:①defeat和beat后都接sb作宾语。defeat既可指比赛中击败对手,也可指战争中击败敌军或入侵者。beat侧重于比赛中击败对手。
②win后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等名词,表示“荣获,赢得”。
运用 选词填空(defeat、beat、win)/补全句子
①Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.
②He does not have any realistic chance of winning the election.
③Their first attempt to make popcorn failed,but they didn’t acknowledge/admit defeat.The brave boys wouldn’t be defeated/beaten by the temporary failure.
他们做爆米花的第一次尝试失败了,但是他们不承认失败。这些勇敢的男孩子们不会被暂时的失败打败。
5.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
教材原文 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
感知 语言先输入
①You should respect the views of others,and at the same time insist on what you think is right.(建议信)
②The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time.(通知)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)insist (坚持说/认为) that...,从句用陈述语气。
(2)insist (坚决要求/主张) that sb (should) do...从句用虚拟语气。
(3)insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①His friends insisted that they had(have) no connection with the accident and that they (should) be set(set) free.
②He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.
③My mother insisted that the video should be posted online,so I had to give in to her.(2021·浙江1月卷)
我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上,所以我只好让步了。
片段巩固 用vital;commit;acknowledge;defeat;insist完成人物描写的片段
钱学森被公认为中国航天之父,于2009年10月31日在北京去世。许多中国人悲痛欲绝,泪如雨下。自1958年以来,他一直满怀激情地致力于航空航天研究工作,这对我国的发展至关重要。 他总是坚持自己的梦想,无论遇到什么困难,他都不会承认失败。 1.Acknowledged as the father of China’s space program(过去分词短语作状语),Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing on Oct.31,2009.Overcome with sorrow,many Chinese people cried their hearts out,2.tears flowing down cheeks (独立主格结构) uncontrollably.Since 1958,he 3.had been committed to (过去完成时) aerospace science with passion,which 4.is of vital importance to (be of+名词) the development of our country. He always 5. insisted on his dream (一般过去时) and he 6.wouldn’t acknowledge defeat (情态动词+动词原形) whatever difficulties he encountered.
典型句式练透
1.句型公式:主语+be thought+不定式
教材原文 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。
感知 语言先输入
①David was thought to make a decision whether he would run or not by himself.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②It is thought that helping weak groups is to help strong groups and the whole society.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)句式“Sb/Sth is thought to do sth=It is thought that ...”,意为“据说……”。其中,不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2)用于本句型的动词还有say、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
运用 同义句转换/补全句子
①It’s thought that she has recovered from her illness so far.
→She is thought to have recovered from her illness so far.
②I haven’t seen Jack for many years.It’s said that he is living in China now.
→I haven’t seen Jack for many years.He is said to be living in China now.
③Our opponent is said to be great,so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
据说我们的对手很强大,所以为了赢得比赛,我们队从明天开始每天放学后将进行训练。
2.句型公式:upon/on doing... 一……就……
教材原文 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.” 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“荣誉不只属于我。”
感知 语言先输入
Upon learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
=The moment he learned that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)upon/on+n./doing ...“一……就……”,相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)“一……就……”的其他表达形式:
①immediately/directly/instantly+从句
②the moment/minute/instant+从句
③no sooner...than.../hardly...when...
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①The instant our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”, we all cheered up.(活动介绍)
②Hardly had we arrived at the activity center when we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
③我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。 (2021·浙江1月卷)
→As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin,I sighed in relief.(immediately)
3.句型公式:It is an honour for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是一种荣幸
教材原文 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
感知 语言先输入
①I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my honour to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.
②I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)It+is/was+adj./n.+to do sth,这一句型中不定式作真正的主语。
(2)It+is/was+adj./n.+doing sth,这一句型中动词-ing形式作真正的主语。
(3)It+is/was+adj./n.+从句;
It+动词(seem、happen、occur、make sense等)+从句;
It+is/was+过去分词(said、reported、known等)+从句;
这些句型中从句作真正的主语。
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is a great honour to deliver(deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
②It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
③It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
④It is not hard for one to do a bit of good,but it’s a struggle to do good for a lifetime.
一个人做点好事并不难,难的是一辈子做好事。
⑤It is clear/obvious that online learning has its advantages and disadvantages.
显然,网络学习既有优点也有缺点。
片段巩固 用本部分句式完成人物描写片段
我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。我最尊重的人是我的物理老师。她被认为是我们学校最好的老师之一。得知我上个月考试不及格、情绪低落时,她给予了我极大的鼓励。在她看来,帮助学生是她的责任。 There are many respectable people around us.And the person I respect most is my physics teacher.She 1. is thought to be one of the best teachers (be thought to do...) in our school.2.Upon hearing I was in low spirits(upon doing...) when I failed the exam last month,she gave me great encouragement.In her opinion,3.it is her responsibility to help her students(it作形式主语).
高考热点微练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①The following extract is taken from her new novel.n.摘录
②I must tell you that all applications will be acknowledged by emails.vt.告知收悉
③The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.n.目标
④There is some substance in what he says.n.根据
2.选出commit的汉语意思
A.vt.承诺;保证 B.vt.犯(罪或错等) C.vt.花(钱或时间) D.vi.忠于;全心全意投入
①Don’t fully commit to a man who doesn’t give you everything that you need.D
②Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.A
③Most crimes are committed by young men.B
④The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.C
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.As for work, we’ll mostly(主要地) work at home, communicating ideas for work online.
2.How can you extract (提取) this information and make good use of it
3.It is necessary to hold an objective (客观的) attitude towards ratings.
4.The following simple experiment is used to separate different liquids (液体).
5.There is no possibility that he will be defeated (击败) in the game.
6.Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct/dI stI kt/.
7.Dogs’ owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their property / pr p ti/.
8.What’s more,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
9.The gases given off by the factory contain a poisonous substance that is harmful to people’s health.
10.We have obtained permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Here’s some boiled(boil) water.Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
2.As a patient and committed (commit) scientist,she is highly thought of all over the world.
3.The old scientist told his students that scientific (science) theories must be based on facts.
4.I thought he had found a new job,but apparently(apparent) he hasn’t.
5.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation(evaluate) of the service.
6.They collect blood samples for analysis(analyse) at a national laboratory.
7.The flowers were a small acknowledgement(acknowledge) of your kindness.
8.He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic (academy) works.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
insist on;lead to;draw out;make a discovery;test...on...;commit oneself to
1.In science,it is important to be the first person to make a discovery.
2.If you insist on practicing spoken English in your spare time,it will be improved sooner or later.
3.I don’t have any cash on me and I’d like to draw out some money from an ATM nearby.
4.After a long time of discussion,both sides committed themselves to settling the dispute peacefully.
5.The new system may be more economical but will lead to a decline in quality of the programme.
6.The study’s participants were tested on science,maths,English and mechanical abilities.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.Upon/On arriving at our school,they couldn’t wait to visit our tea house,where a lot of tea sets were on display.(Upon/On doing...)
一到达我们学校,他们就迫不及待地参观了我们的茶馆,那里展出了很多茶具。
2.It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips,which,I hope,can solve your problems.(honour)
我很荣幸能为您提供一些实用的旅行建议,希望能解决您的问题。
3.It is universally/widely acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.(acknowledge)
人们普遍认为人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
4.Although the experiment failed again,he insisted on being given another chance/insisted that he (should) be given another chance.(insist)
尽管实验又一次失败了,但是他坚决要求再给他一次机会。
5.The video filmed by my mom was thought to be amusing,making me widely known in the town.(be thought to do...)
我妈妈拍的视频被认为很有趣,使我在镇上广为人知。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821,Helmholtz was one of the 19th century’s most knowledgeable scientists,whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster,he had an interest in physics,but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics,not the vital forces that had been popularly emphasized previously.
After earning his medical degree,Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Konigsberg.During that time,he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy,which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent,so a force can be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Konigsberg,he studied the nervous system,optics (光学) and acoustics (声学),especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖学) and physiology.
After some time at the University of Heidelberg,where he became interested in philosophy,in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell’s new theory.By this time,he was recognized as one of Germany’s premier scientists,until his death in 1894.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Helmholtz作为一名多才多艺的科学家的生平事迹。
1.Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology
A.He made the choice for economic difficulty.
B.He would like to make himself have more skills.
C.He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics.
D.He was attracted by a different viewpoint.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段的“He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others...”可知,Helmholtz选择生理学专业的原因是他被不同于以前的观点所吸引,故选D项。]
2.What made Helmholtz popular among scientists
A.His degree in medical science.
B.His talent in chemistry and physics.
C.His paper on the conservation of energy.
D.His achievements as an army surgeon.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段的“During that time,he composed...in science community.”可知,Helmholtz写了一篇关于能量守恒的开创性论文,使他在科学界享有盛誉,故选C项。]
3.What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph
A.He was a famous philosopher.
B.He proved Maxwell’s new theory.
C.He was a physics professor at Konigsberg.
D.He devoted the rest of his life to physical research.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance...”可推知,Helmholtz把他的余生献给了物理研究,故选D项。]
4.Which words can best describe Helmholtz
A.All-round and determined.
B.Energetic and cautious.
C.Knowledgeable and brave.
D.Humorous and courageous.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第二段的“After earning his medical degree,Helmholtz served as an army surgeon...”和最后一段的“After some time at...at the University of Berlin.”可知,Helmholtz是全能的,即all-round;根据第一段的“he was drawn to others...”,第二段的“he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy”和最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics...”可知,Helmholtz从对物理学感兴趣到余生一直研究物理学,可推出他是有决心的,即determined,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Chris,a 21-year-old young man from Maitland,Florida,completed an Ironman triathlon (铁人三项).An Ironman 1 a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run.While this is an amazing 2 for any human being,it is especially 3 for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome. 4 ,Chris Nikic did the impossible!
His 5 to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment has been anything but 6 .Chris had open-heart surgery when he was just five months old.He needed a 7 when he was three and did not even walk on his own until he was four years old.Throughout his childhood,he and his parents were told that he could not do many things that other kids could do.For years they got 8 to and accepted these limits.
Until in 2017,he sets his 9 on competing in triathlons.His training starts with one pushup as well as an amazing commitment he 10 with his dad to get 1% better each day. 11 ,Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year to prepare for the 12 .
Chris’s amazing perseverance (毅力) is an example for not only children with Down Syndrome and other special 13 but to all kids around the world.Chris is now trying to 14 as many people as he can with his story which he is 15 through public speaking,presentations,and a book he is working with his father.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了21岁患有唐氏综合征的Chris Nikic完成了铁人三项比赛,为此他付出了巨大努力,成为许多孩子的榜样。
1.A.stands for B.takes over
C.consists of D.calls on
答案 C [后文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”是比赛的组成项目。consist of由……组成,故选C项。]
2.A.enjoyment B.achievement
C.development D.improvement
答案 B [根据上文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”可知,完成铁人三项是一项了不起的成就(achievement),故选B项。]
3.A.strange B.unique
C.advanced D.private
答案 B [根据后文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,克里斯·尼克患有唐氏综合征,因此完成比赛尤其了不起。unique独特的,故选B项。]
4.A.Preciously B.Necessarily
C.Temporarily D.Apparently
答案 D [根据后文“Chris Nikic did the impossible!”可知,克里斯·尼克显然(Apparently)完成了不可能的事,故选D项。]
5.A.solution B.response
C.road D.secret
答案 C [根据后文“to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment”可知,取得成就的道路(road)并非一帆风顺,故选C项。]
6.A.easy B.difficult
C.interesting D.complicated
答案 A [根据上文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,他患有唐氏综合征,所以取得成就不容易(easy),故选A项。]
7.A.speaker B.sticker
C.jumper D.walker
答案 D [根据后文“did not even walk on his own until he was four years old”可知,三岁的时候需要助行器(walker),故选D项。]
8.A.accustomed B.rooted
C.lost D.engaged
答案 A [根据上文“For years”可知,时间久了他们已经习惯了这些限制。accustomed习惯的,故选A项。]
9.A.luck B.sights
C.standards D.pleasure
答案 B [根据后文“on competing in triathlons”可知,他想要参加铁人三项比赛。短语set sights on表示“瞄准,把目光投向”,故选B项。]
10.A.made B.included
C.met D.demonstrated
答案 A [根据上文“an amazing commitment he”可知是指作出承诺,应用动词make,故选A项。]
11.A.Occasionally B.Suddenly
C.Eventually D.Casually
答案 C [根据后文“Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year”可知,最后(Eventually)他的训练达到了每天四到八个小时,故选C项。]
12.A.memory B.experience
C.story D.competition
答案 D [根据上文“a whole year to prepare for the”以及“on competing in triathlons”可知,此处指为铁人三项比赛(competition)做准备,故选D项。]
13.A.skills B.disabilities
C.movements D.features
答案 B [根据并列连词“and”可判断,该题空格应与and前的“Down Syndrome” 意义相关,表示“唐氏综合征和其他特殊残疾儿童”。 disabilities残疾,故选B项。]
14.A.promote B.inquire
C.inspire D.provide
答案 C [根据后文“as many people as he can with his story”以及上文提到了榜样作用,可知是试图用他的故事激励(inspire)尽可能多的人,故选C项。]
15.A.sharing B.talking
C.writing D.posting
答案 A [根据后文“through public speaking,presentations,and a book he is working with his father”可知,他通过公开演讲、报告和他与父亲合作的一本书来分享(sharing)他的故事,故选A项。](共96张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—
Language points
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
必 备 知 识 自 测
1. / kru l/ adj.至关重要的;关键性的
2. / vaItl/ adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
3. / b d ekt v/ n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
4. / pr p ti/ n.性质;特征;财产
5. /b Il/ vt.& vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开 n.沸腾;沸点
6. / lIkwId/ n.液体 adj.液体的;液态的
[核心单词·练通]
crucial
vital
objective
property
boil
liquid
7. / b teIn/ vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
8. /dI fi t/ n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
9. / n s st/ vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
10. / m stli/ adv.主要地;一般地
obtain
defeat
insist
mostly
[拓展单词·用活]
1. /k m t/ vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→ /k m t d/ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺
2. / k d mi/ n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→ / k dem k/ adj.学业的;学术的
3. /b t n kl/ adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学
commit
committed
academy
academic
botanical
4. /I v ljueIt/ vt.评价;评估→ evaluation n.评价;评估
5. /d st kt/ adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.区别;差别
6. / k n l d / vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledged adj.公认的→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
7. / n laIz/ (NAmE －ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析
evaluate
distinct
acknowledge
analyse
8. / p r ntli/ adv.显而易见;看来;显然→apparent adj.明显的;显而易见的
9. / saI n tIfIk/ adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
apparently
scientific
[阅读单词·识记]
1.physiology / fIzi l d i/ n.
2.extract / ekstr kt/ n.
/ k str kt/ vt.
3.wormwood / w mw d/ n.
4.substance / s bst ns/ n.
生理学;生理机能
提取物;摘录
提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
蒿;洋艾
物质;物品;事实根据
[重点短语·再现]
1._______________________________________
承诺; 保证(做某事、 遵守协议或安排等)
2. 坚决要求
3. 毕业于……
4. 在开始的时候
5. 被卡住了
6. 提取
commit oneself to (sth／doing sth／do sth)
insist on
graduate from...
in the beginning
get／be stuck
draw out
7.lead to
8.a collection of
9.with the objective of
10.the head of
11.show promise
12.by chance
导致
一批;一堆
有……的目的
……的负责人
有希望,有指望,有前途
碰巧;意外地
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] whose引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句] This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co－winner),_______________________
____________ of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现,一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。
whose research led to the
discovery
2.[句型公式] 主语＋be thought＋不定式
[教材原句] Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。
is thought to save
3.[句型公式] 过去分词短语作定语
[教材原句] In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among .
1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
the first researchers chosen
4.[句型公式] upon/on doing... 一……就……
[教材原句] ,
she said,“The honour is not just mine.”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“荣誉不只属于我。”
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize
5.[句型公式] It is an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是一种荣幸
[教材原句] China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
It is indeed an honour for
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
典型句式练透
核心单词练透
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
教材原文 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的生命。
感知 语言先输入
①If we are to make a difference in environmental protection,it’s vital that we should begin with small things.(主旨升华)
②Without the oceans,no living things would survive,humans included.So oceans are vital for/to us.(2022·全国甲卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be vital to/for ... 对……至关重要
It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth 做某事是十分重要的
(2)be of vital importance 至关重要的
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is vital importance that we (should) learn something from failure.
②As far as I’m concerned,it is vital (keep) accurate records.
③I am busy preparing for my final exam,which , so I cannot keep the appointment.
我正忙于准备期末考试,这对我来说很重要,所以我不能赴约了。
of
to keep
is vital for/to me
④ we develop an awareness of how the online learning resources can be properly used.(2021·全国乙卷)
重要的是我们应培养如何正确利用网络学习资源的意识。
It is vital that
2.committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
教材原文 Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院(今北京大学医学部)。
感知 语言先输入
①I commit myself to learning English and have a good command of English,so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher.(申请信)
②In addition to her research,she has been whole－heartedly committed to environmental protection.(北师必三U8)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be committed to (doing) sth承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
(2)commit vt. 承诺;保证
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit a mistake/a crime犯错误/犯罪
(3)commitment n. 承诺,保证;投入,忠于
make a commitment作出承诺
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子/句式升级
①If you are serious about our relationship,you should make a ____________(commit).
②Though journalists are committed to (present) the truth,it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.(译林选二U1)
commitment
presenting
③ ,my face red with embarrassment.(心理描写)
我在如此多的人面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误,满脸窘得通红。
④As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.
→ ,she seldom played with her children.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
I committed a silly mistake in front of so many people
Committed to the project
3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
教材原文 However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦不肯承认失败。
感知 语言先输入
①It is widely/universally acknowledged that the film is instructive and full of emotion.
②What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(外研选三U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 承认某人/某事……
It is acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The country has acknowledged (take) every means to fight against any possible attack.
②English is acknowledged the language of business,science,IT and the Internet around the world.
taking/having taken
as
③ that shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities,providing an eco－friendly and cost－effective way to travel short distances.(2024·全国甲卷)
共享单车已成为城市的热门选择,为短途旅行提供了一种环保且经济高效的方式,这是大家公认的。
It is universally/widely acknowledged
4.defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜
教材原文 However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦不肯承认失败。
感知 语言先输入
①Barriers to success can’t defeat us.Instead,they can only make us stronger.(主旨升华)
②Learning that you have defeated/beaten all the other competitors in the contest,I am writing to congratulate you.(祝贺信)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)defeat sb 击败某人
(2)suffer a serious defeat 遭受严重的挫败
辨析:①defeat和beat后都接sb作宾语。defeat既可指比赛中击败对手,也可指战争中击败敌军或入侵者。beat侧重于比赛中击败对手。
②win后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品等名词,表示“荣获,赢得”。
运用 选词填空(defeat、beat、win)/补全句子
①Yesterday I John at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.
②He does not have any realistic chance of the election.
③Their first attempt to make popcorn failed,but they didn’t .The brave boys by the temporary failure.
他们做爆米花的第一次尝试失败了,但是他们不承认失败。这些勇敢的男孩子们不会被暂时的失败打败。
defeated/beat
winning
acknowledge/admit defeat
wouldn’t be defeated/beaten
5.insist vi.& vt.坚持;坚决要求
教材原文 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
感知 语言先输入
①You should respect the views of others,and at the same time insist on what you think is right.(建议信)
②The Student Union insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time.(通知)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)insist (坚持说/认为) that..., 从句用陈述语气。
(2)insist (坚决要求/主张) that sb (should) do... 从句用虚拟语气。
(3)insist on doing sth 坚持做某事
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①His friends insisted that they (have) no connection with the accident and that they (set) free.
②He insisted walking me to the station to see me off,which nearly moved me to tears.
③My mother ,
so I had to give in to her.(2021·浙江1月卷)
我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上,所以我只好让步了。
had
(should) be set
on
insisted that the video should be posted online
片段巩固
用vital;commit;acknowledge;defeat;insist完成人物描写的片段
钱学森被公认为中国航天之父,于2009年10月31日在北京去世。许多中国人悲痛欲绝,泪如雨下。自1958年以来,他一直满怀激情地致力于航空航天研究工作,这对我国的发展至关重要。
他总是坚持自己的梦想,无论遇到什么困难,他都不会承认失败。
1. (过去分词短语作状语), Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing on Oct.31,2009. Overcome with sorrow,many Chinese people cried their hearts out, 2.___________________________(独立主格结构) uncontrollably.Since 1958,he 3. (过去完成时) aerospace science with passion,which 4._______________________ (be of＋名词) the development of our country. He always 5._____________________ (一般过去时) and he 6. (情态动词＋动词原形) whatever difficulties he encountered.
Acknowledged as the father of China’s space program
tears flowing down cheeks
had been committed to
is of vital importance to
insisted on his dream
wouldn’t acknowledge defeat
1.句型公式:主语＋be thought＋不定式
教材原文 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。
典型句式练透
感知 语言先输入
①David was thought to make a decision whether he would run or not by himself.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②It is thought that helping weak groups is to help strong groups and the whole society.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)句式“Sb/Sth is thought to do sth＝It is thought that ...”,意为“据说……”。其中,不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2)用于本句型的动词还有say、believe、expect、report、consider、suppose等。
运用 同义句转换/补全句子
①It’s thought that she has recovered from her illness so far.
→She from her illness so far.
②I haven’t seen Jack for many years.It’s said that he is living in China now.
→I haven’t seen Jack for many years.He_______________________ in China now.
is thought to have recovered
is said to be living
③Our opponent , so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
据说我们的对手很强大,所以为了赢得比赛,我们队从明天开始每天放学后将进行训练。
is said to be great
2.句型公式:upon/on doing... 一……就……
教材原文 Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“荣誉不只属于我。”
感知 语言先输入
Upon learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
＝The moment he learned that Bernard was caught in difficulty,John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)upon/on＋n./doing ...“一……就……”,相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)“一……就……”的其他表达形式:
①immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
②the moment/minute/instant＋从句
③no sooner...than.../hardly...when...
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
① instant our teacher told us about the programme with the theme “Working is most beautiful”, we all cheered up.(活动介绍)
②Hardly had we arrived at the activity center ___________________ we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
The
when
③我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来,我就松了一口气。 (2021·浙江1月卷)
→ ,I sighed in relief.(as soon as)
→ ,I sighed in relief.(the instant)
→ ,I sighed in relief.(immediately)
As soon as my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
The instant my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
Immediately my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin
3.句型公式:It is an honour for sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事是一种荣幸
教材原文 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
感知 语言先输入
①I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my honour to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.
②I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋to do sth,这一句型中不定式作真正的主语。
(2)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋doing sth,这一句型中动词－ing形式作真正的主语。
(3)It＋is/was＋adj./n.＋从句;
It＋动词(seem、happen、occur、make sense等)＋从句;
It＋is/was＋过去分词(said、reported、known等)＋从句;
这些句型中从句作真正的主语。
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is a great honour (deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Peking Opera.
②It is a fact these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
③ is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
to deliver
that
It
④ a bit of good,but it’s a struggle to do good for a lifetime.
一个人做点好事并不难,难的是一辈子做好事。
⑤ online learning has its advantages and disadvantages.
显然,网络学习既有优点也有缺点。
It is not hard for one to do
It is clear/obvious that
片段巩固
用本部分句式完成人物描写片段
我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。我最尊重的人是我的物理老师。她被认为是我们学校最好的老师之一。得知我上个月考试不及格、情绪低落时,她给予了我极大的鼓励。在她看来,帮助学生是她的责任。
There are many respectable people around us.And the person I respect most is my physics teacher.She 1._________________________ _________________(be thought to do...) in our school. 2.____________ __________________(upon doing...) when I failed the exam last month, she gave me great encouragement.In her opinion, 3._________________________________________ (it作形式主语).
is thought to be one of the
best teachers
Upon hearing
I was in low spirits
it is her responsibility to help her students
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①The following extract is taken from her new novel.
②I must tell you that all applications will be acknowledged by emails.
③The main objective of this meeting is to give more information on our plans.
④There is some substance in what he says.
n.摘录
高考热点微练
vt.告知收悉
n.目标
n.根据
2.选出commit的汉语意思
A.vt.承诺;保证 B.vt.犯(罪或错等) C.vt.花(钱或时间)
D.vi.忠于;全心全意投入
①Don’t fully commit to a man who doesn’t give you everything that you need.
②Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan.
③Most crimes are committed by young men.
④The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.
D
A
B
C
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.As for work, we’ll (主要地) work at home, communicating ideas for work online.
2.How can you (提取) this information and make good use of it
3.It is necessary to hold an (客观的) attitude towards ratings.
mostly
extract
objective
4.The following simple experiment is used to separate different ______________(液体).
5.There is no possibility that he will be (击败) in the game.
6.Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite ______________/dI stI kt/.
7.Dogs’ owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their ________________/ pr p ti/.
liquids
defeated
distinct
property
8.What’s more,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it
v to obey traffic rules.
9.The gases given off by the factory contain a poisonous s_________ that is harmful to people’s health.
10.We have o permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
ital
ubstance
btained
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Here’s some (boil) water.Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
2.As a patient and (commit) scientist,she is highly thought of all over the world.
3.The old scientist told his students that __________(science) theories must be based on facts.
boiled
committed
scientific
4.I thought he had found a new job,but _________(apparent) he hasn’t.
5.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their ___________(evaluate) of the service.
6.They collect blood samples for (analyse) at a national laboratory.
7.The flowers were a small (acknowledge) of your kindness.
8.He still longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other (academy) works.
apparently
evaluation
analysis
acknowledgement
academic
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
insist on;lead to;draw out;make a discovery;test...on...;commit oneself to
1.In science,it is important to be the first person to .
2.If you practicing spoken English in your spare time,it will be improved sooner or later.
make a discovery
insist on
3.I don’t have any cash on me and I’d like to __________________ some money from an ATM nearby.
4.After a long time of discussion,both sides ______________________ settling the dispute peacefully.
5.The new system may be more economical but will _______________ a decline in quality of the programme.
6.The study’s participants were ___________ science,maths,English and mechanical abilities.
draw out
committed themselves to
lead to
tested on
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1. , they couldn’t wait to visit our tea house,where a lot of tea sets were on display.(Upon/On doing...)
一到达我们学校,他们就迫不及待地参观了我们的茶馆,那里展出了很多茶具。
2. ,which,I hope,can solve your problems.(honour)
我很荣幸能为您提供一些实用的旅行建议,希望能解决您的问题。
Upon/On arriving at our school
It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips
3. the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.(acknowledge)
人们普遍认为人与人之间最短的距离是真诚的微笑。
4.Although the experiment failed again,he_______________________
________________________________________________________.
(insist) 尽管实验又一次失败了,但是他坚决要求再给他一次机会。
5.The video filmed by my mom ,making me widely known in the town. (be thought to do...)
我妈妈拍的视频被认为很有趣,使我在镇上广为人知。
It is universally/widely acknowledged that
insisted on being given
another chance/insisted that he (should) be given another chance
was thought to be amusing
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Born in Potsdam (in the Kingdom of Prussia) in 1821,Helmholtz was one of the 19th century’s most knowledgeable scientists,whose name turns up in the histories of multiple scientific fields and specialties.As a youngster,he had an interest in physics,but that seemed a financially unwise career choice.He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others who promoted the point that physiology should be based on the principles of chemistry and physics,not the vital forces that had been popularly emphasized previously.
After earning his medical degree,Helmholtz served as an army surgeon before becoming professor of physiology at the University of Konigsberg.During that time,he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy,which made him a good reputation in science community.His main argument is that all science can be reduced to mechanics.It is emphasized that Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent,so a force can
be measured by the Laplace method in terms of the energy transferred by the force or the work done by the force.All of this energy is conserved.While at Konigsberg,he studied the nervous system,optics (光学) and acoustics (声学),especially with regard to the physiology of the senses.Then he moved on to the University of Bonn as professor of anatomy (解剖学) and physiology.
After some time at the University of Heidelberg,where he became interested in philosophy,in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University of Berlin.At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance of the principle of least action for explaining physical phenomena.He also explored the branches of Maxwell’s new theory.By this time,he was recognized as one of Germany’s premier scientists,until his death in 1894.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Helmholtz作为一名多才多艺的科学家的生平事迹。
1.Why did Helmholtz choose to study physiology
A.He made the choice for economic difficulty.
B.He would like to make himself have more skills.
C.He preferred physiology to chemistry and physics.
D.He was attracted by a different viewpoint.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“He went to medical school and studied physiology instead,because he was drawn to others...”可知,Helmholtz选择生理学专业的原因是他被不同于以前的观点所吸引,故选D项。
2.What made Helmholtz popular among scientists
A.His degree in medical science.
B.His talent in chemistry and physics.
C.His paper on the conservation of energy.
D.His achievements as an army surgeon.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的“During that time,he composed...in science community.”可知,Helmholtz写了一篇关于能量守恒的开创性论文,使他在科学界享有盛誉,故选C项。
√
3.What can be inferred about Helmholtz from the last paragraph
A.He was a famous philosopher.
B.He proved Maxwell’s new theory.
C.He was a physics professor at Konigsberg.
D.He devoted the rest of his life to physical research.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics,emphasizing the importance...”可推知,Helmholtz把他的余生献给了物理研究,故选D项。
√
4.Which words can best describe Helmholtz
A.All-round and determined.
B.Energetic and cautious.
C.Knowledgeable and brave.
D.Humorous and courageous.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“After earning his medical degree, Helmholtz served as an army surgeon...”和最后一段的“After some time at...at the University of Berlin.”可知,Helmholtz是全能的,即all-round;根据第一段的“he was drawn to others...”,第二段的“he composed a groundbreaking paper on the conservation of energy”和最后一段的“At last he could focus on physics...”可知,Helmholtz从对物理学感兴趣到余生一直研究物理学,可推出他是有决心的,即determined,故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Chris,a 21-year-old young man from Maitland,Florida,completed an Ironman triathlon (铁人三项).An Ironman 1 a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run.While this is an amazing 2 for any human being,it is especially 3 for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome. 4 ,Chris Nikic did the impossible!
His 5 to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment has been anything but 6 .Chris had open-heart surgery when he was just five months old.He needed a 7 when he was three and did not even walk on his own until he was four years old.Throughout his childhood,he and his parents were told that he could not do many things that other kids could do.For years they got 8 to and accepted these limits.
Until in 2017,he sets his 9 on competing in triathlons.His training starts with one pushup as well as an amazing commitment he 10 with his dad to get 1% better each day. 11 ,Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year to prepare for the 12 .
Chris’s amazing perseverance (毅力) is an example for not only children with Down Syndrome and other special 13 but to all kids around the world.Chris is now trying to 14 as many people as he can with his story which he is 15 through public speaking, presentations,and a book he is working with his father.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了21岁患有唐氏综合征的Chris Nikic完成了铁人三项比赛,为此他付出了巨大努力,成为许多孩子的榜样。
1.A.stands for B.takes over
C.consists of D.calls on
√
解析 后文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”是比赛的组成项目。consist of由……组成,故选C项。
2.A.enjoyment B.achievement
C.development D.improvement
√
解析 根据上文“a 112 mile cycle,a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”可知,完成铁人三项是一项了不起的成就(achievement),故选B项。
3.A.strange B.unique
C.advanced D.private
√
解析 根据后文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,克里斯·尼克患有唐氏综合征,因此完成比赛尤其了不起。unique独特的,故选B项。
4.A.Preciously B.Necessarily
C.Temporarily D.Apparently
√
解析 根据后文“Chris Nikic did the impossible!”可知,克里斯·尼克显然(Apparently)完成了不可能的事,故选D项。
5.A.solution B.response
C.road D.secret
√
解析 根据后文“to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment”可知,取得成就的道路(road)并非一帆风顺,故选C项。
6.A.easy B.difficult
C.interesting D.complicated
√
解析 根据上文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,他患有唐氏综合征,所以取得成就不容易(easy),故选A项。
7.A.speaker B.sticker
C.jumper D.walker
√
解析 根据后文“did not even walk on his own until he was four years old”可知,三岁的时候需要助行器(walker),故选D项。
8.A.accustomed B.rooted
C.lost D.engaged
√
解析 根据上文“For years”可知,时间久了他们已经习惯了这些限制。accustomed习惯的,故选A项。
9.A.luck B.sights
C.standards D.pleasure
√
解析 根据后文“on competing in triathlons”可知,他想要参加铁人三项比赛。短语set sights on表示“瞄准,把目光投向”,故选B项。
10.A.made B.included
C.met D.demonstrated
√
解析 根据上文“an amazing commitment he”可知是指作出承诺,应用动词make,故选A项。
11.A.Occasionally B.Suddenly
C.Eventually D.Casually
√
解析 根据后文“Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year”可知,最后(Eventually)他的训练达到了每天四到八个小时,故选C项。
12.A.memory B.experience
C.story D.competition
√
解析 根据上文“a whole year to prepare for the”以及“on competing in triathlons”可知,此处指为铁人三项比赛(competition)做准备,故选D项。
13.A.skills B.disabilities
C.movements D.features
√
解析 根据并列连词“and”可判断,该题空格应与and前的“Down Syndrome” 意义相关,表示“唐氏综合征和其他特殊残疾儿童”。 disabilities残疾,故选B项。
14.A.promote B.inquire
C.inspire D.provide
√
解析 根据后文“as many people as he can with his story”以及上文提到了榜样作用,可知是试图用他的故事激励(inspire)尽可能多的人,故选C项。
15.A.sharing B.talking
C.writing D.posting
√
解析 根据后文“through public speaking,presentations,and a book he is working with his father”可知,他通过公开演讲、报告和他与父亲合作的一本书来分享(sharing)他的故事,故选A项。
Thanks！
本
讲
内
容
结
束
