Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—Language points
[核心单词·练通]
1.phrase /fre z/ n.短语;词组
2.switch /sw t / vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
3.remote /rI m t/ adj.远程的;偏远的
4.routine /ru ti n/ n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的
5.command /k mɑ nd/ n.指令;命令;控制 vt.命令;控制
6.obey / beI/ vi.& vt.服从;遵守
7.leak /li k/ vi.& vt.漏;渗漏;透露 n.漏洞;裂缝;透露
8.relevant / rel v nt/ adj.有关的;有意义的
9.available / veIl bl/ adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的
10.nevertheless / nev les/ adv.尽管如此;不过;然而
11.structure / str kt (r)/ n.结构;体系 vt.系统安排;精心组织
[拓展单词·用活]
1.persuade /p swe d/ vt.劝说;说服→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n.说服
2.distant / d st nt/ adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→distance n.距离;远处
3.secure /sI kj (r)/ adj.安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.获得;拴牢;保护→security n.保护措施;安全工作→securely adv.安全地;牢固地
4.automatic / t m t k/ adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地
5.efficient /I fI nt/ adj.效率高的;有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n.效率;效能
6.preference / prefr ns/ n.爱好;偏爱→prefer vt.更喜欢;偏好
7.instant / Inst nt/ n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的→instantly adv.立即;马上
8.warning / w n / n.警告;警示;先兆→warn vt.警告
9.constant / k nst nt/ adj.不断的;重复的;不变的 n.常数;常量→constantly adv.经常地;不断地
10.abnormal / b n ml/ adj.不正常的;反常的→normal adj.正常的→normally adv.通常;正常地
11.critical / kr t kl/ adj.严重的;关键的;批判性的→critically adv.批判性地→critic n.评论家→criticize/se vt.批评;评论
12.potentially /p ten li/ adv.潜在地;可能地→potential /p ten l/ adj.可能的;潜在的 n.潜力;可能性
13.electrical / lektr kl/ adj.电的;用电的→
electric adj.电的;电动的;用电的→electricity n.电;电能
[阅读单词·识记]
1.appliance / pla ns/ n.电器;器具
2.integrated / IntIɡreItId/ adj.各部分密切协调的;综合的
3.integrate / IntIɡreIt/ vi.& vt.(使)合并;成为一体
4.sensor / sens (r)/ n.传感器;敏感元件
5.mode /m d/ n.模式;方式;风格
6.cancer / k ns (r)/ n.癌;癌症;毒瘤
7.wiring / wa r / n.电线线路;线路系统
8.wire / wa (r)/ n.电线;金属丝(或线) vt.接通电源;将……连接到
9.detect /d tekt/ vt.发现;查明
10.fantasy / f nt si/ n.幻想;想象
11.innovation / In veI n/ n.创新;创造
[重点短语·再现]
1.in the future 将来
2.go into 进入;加入
3.come on 快点儿;开始工作
4.switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
5.early on 在初期;早先
6.catch fire 着火
7.in this sense(in...sense) 从这种(某种)意义上来讲
8.along with 沿着;随同;与……一起
9.respond to 回应;响应
10.keep track of 记录;与……保持联系
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] 动词不定式短语作后置定语
[教材原句] These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy,and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.
这些智能家居将保证我们的安全,为我们节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。
2.[句型公式] the instant 一……就……
[教材原句] Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
3.[句型公式] what引导宾语从句
[教材原句] All controls will respond to voice commands,so if you want to change your routine,you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
所有的控制都会响应语音指令,所以如果你想改变你的日常工作,你只要大声说出你想要的,家居系统就会服从。
4.[句型公式] It will take+一段时间+before... 还要一段时间才……
[教材原句] Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而,要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
核心单词练透
1.persuade vt.劝说;说服;使相信
教材原文 For example,the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade. 例如,短语“in my opinion”告诉我们这篇文章可能是为了说服。
感知 语言先输入
①He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.(外研必三U2)
②I managed to persuade David into taking part in the competition, for he had practiced so hard for it.
[记牢]
(1)persuade sb to do sth/into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth/out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb of sth/persuade sb that... 使某人相信……
(2)persuasive adj. 有说服力的
[温馨提示] persuade sb to do sth表示“说服某人做某事”;若表示“试图说服某人做某事而结果不一定时”,则用try to persuade sb to do sth或advise sb to do sth。
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy,advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into purchasing(purchase) their products or services.(译林选二U1)
②The children did everything they could to persuade the family of the plan’s benefits.
③得知你因为在最近比赛中失败了而失去信心,想要放弃,我写信说服你不要放弃画画。(五育并举之美育)
→Learning that you lost heart and wanted to quit because of your recent failure in the competition,I am writing to persuade you not to give up painting.
→Learning that you lost heart and wanted to quit because of your recent failure in the competition,I am writing to persuade you out of giving up painting.
2.switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
教材原文 Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer
或是你忘记过关掉电视或电脑吗
感知 语言先输入
①Every time I switch on the TV,there’s football.It’s overkill.
②She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)switch off 关(电灯、机器等)
switch on 开(电灯、机器等)
switch from...to... 从……转变为……
(2)make a switch 做出改变
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①To break the ice,we switched the conversation from one subject to another.
②Attention,please!Do make sure all mobile phones are switched off during the performance.
③So stubborn was he that he refused to make a switch in his attitude to the event.
他如此固执,以至于他拒绝在对待这件事情的态度上做出改变。
3.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;冷淡的;心不在焉的
教材原文 However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
然而,在不久的将来,我们将住进智能家居,当我们外出时,智能家居会为我们锁门,当我们忘记关电视时,智能家居会记得关闭它。
感知 语言先输入
①It’s hard to evaluate his attitude,but he sounded very cold and distant on the phone.(情感态度)
②In the distance,Jared and his mother were trying to take a photo of the bear cub and its mother.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be distant from... 与……保持距离
(2)distance n. 距离;远方;远处
in the distance 在远处
at a distance of... 在……的距离
from a distance 从远处
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远
运用 写出句中加黑词的含义/完成语段
①However,after I went to high school,somehow I became distant from him.
(2022·全国甲卷)疏远的;冷淡的
②The waterfall in the distance,which is exactly 500 meters distant from here,can be seen clearly.Its sound can be heard at a distance of two miles.It looks even more beautiful from a distance.
远处的那条瀑布可以看得很清楚,它离这里正好500米。从两英里外就能听到它的声音。它从远处看更美。
4.preference n.爱好;偏爱
教材原文 Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening.
你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好,所以当你每天晚上回到家时,一切都会为你准备好。
感知 语言先输入
①As you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture,your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us.(求助信)
②I’m wondering how many periods of the course there are each week,for I prefer having/to have some time at my disposal.(询问信)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)have a preference for... 偏爱……;更喜欢……
give preference to... 给……以优惠;优待……
(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢;宁愿
prefer doing/to do... 宁愿做……
prefer (doing) A to (doing)B 与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A (rather) than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Most young people preferred reading/to read(read) e-books on tablets.(外研选二U3)
②The manager has decided to give preference to those who have worked here for many years.
③I have a preference for running so I take part in the cross-country running race every year.
④这名十几岁的志愿者更喜欢打扫房间,而不是玩毫无意义的电子游戏。
→The teenage volunteer preferred cleaning up the house to playing meaningless computer games.
→The teenage volunteer preferred to clean up the house rather than play meaningless computer games.
5.command n.指令;命令;控制 vt.命令;控制
教材原文 All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine,you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey. 所有的控制都会响应语音指令,所以如果你想改变你的日常生活习惯,你只要大声说出你想要什么,家居系统就会遵照执行。
感知 语言先输入
①The commander commanded me to switch off the air conditioner before leaving the classroom.
②To have a good command of modern English,it is not enough to learn textbooks or read some famous English novels.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)take command of... 控制……
under the command of 在……的指挥/统帅/控制下
at sb’s command 听候某人吩咐
(2)have a good command of... 精通……
(3)command sb to do sth=command that sb (should) do sth 命令某人做某事
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①I am at your command—what would you like me to do
②The police soon arrived on the scene and took command of the situation.
③It is said that this army is under the command of the extraordinary general.
④令我们怒火中烧的是,我们的班长总是命令我们做我们不喜欢的事情。(心理描写)
→What makes us boil with anger is that our monitor always commands us to do what we dislike.
→What makes us boil with anger is that our monitor always commands that we (should) do what we dislike.
6.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的
教材原文 ...your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information.
……你的智能家居将会探测出来,并给你提供相关的信息。
感知 语言先输入
①In the exams,make sure that everything you write is relevant to the questions you have been asked.
②Welcome to join us and enjoy the movie! Here are some relevant details about it.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be relevant to ... 和……有关
(2)relevance n. 关联;切题
have relevance to 和……有关
(3)relevantly adv. 有关地;切题地
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.
②The applicant has experience in teaching and,more relevantly(relevant),in industry.
③将会有各种各样的文化活动,包括与中国文化相关的讲座。
→There will be a wide variety of cultural activities including lectures that are relevant to Chinese culture.(relevant)
→There will be a wide variety of cultural activities including lectures that have relevance to Chinese culture.(relevance)
7.in this sense 从这种意义上来讲
教材原文 In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
从这种意义上来讲,明天的家已经是今天的家了。
感知 语言先输入
①In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.(译林选一U1)
②Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.(译林选三U2)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)make sense 讲得通;有意义
make no sense 讲不通;没有意义
make sense of 懂得;了解……的意义
(2)in a sense 在某种意义上;在某种程度上
in no sense 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
(3)There’s no/little sense/point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
运用 根据汉语提示完成下面语段/句式升级
①I am terribly sorry to hear that you have difficulty making sense of(理解) what your physics teacher says in class.What I must stress is that there is no sense in complaining(抱怨没有意义).Meanwhile,in no sense should you give up(你绝对不能放弃).What you must do now is turn to your classmates and teachers for assistance.In a sense(在某种意义上),only if you insist on studying physics can you make obvious progress in the not-too-distant future.
②Never lose heart; if you keep trying, you will make it sooner or later.
→In no sense should you lose heart;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
片段巩固 用persuade;switch;preference;command;relevant;in no sense完成下面的小短文
正如你所知道的,我偏爱太空探险,而且我对它了如指掌。每当我读相关的书籍或观看视频,我的父母就会暴跳如雷,毫无疑问,他们决不支持我的爱好。他们甚至命令我立即放弃我的爱好,并全神贯注于我的学业。我不知道如何说服我的父母改变他们的态度,我想知道你是否能给我一些建议。 As you know,I 1.have a preference for (preference) space exploration and 2.have a good command of (command) it.3.Whenever I read relevant books or watch videos (让步状语从句,relevant),my parents will explode with anger and undoubtedly,4.in no sense do they support my hobby (in no sense倒装句).They even 5.command me to give up my hobby immediately (command sb to do...) and be committed to my academic studies.I don’t know 6.how to persuade my parents to switch/into switching their attitude(persuade,switch),and I am wondering whether you can offer me some suggestions.
典型句式练透
1.句型公式:“the instant”意为“一……就……”
教材原文 Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),并且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
感知 语言先输入
①The instant/Instantly they returned home,they couldn’t wait to make popcorn.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②The moment/Immediately I saw my father’s cloudy face,panic seized me.
记牢 知识再梳理
有些名词短语/副词可用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句:
(1)the+moment/minute/instant... 一……就……
(2)the first time/the last time/(the) next time/each time/every time...
第一次/上次/下次/每次……
(3)instantly/immediately/directly... 一……就……
运用 一句多译
妈妈一看到早餐,心里就涌起一股幸福之情。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→The instant/moment/minute she saw the breakfast,the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(instant/moment/minute)
→On/Upon seeing the breakfast,the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(on/upon)
→Instantly/Immediately/Directly she saw the breakfast,the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(instantly/immediately/directly)
2.句型公式:“It will take+一段时间+before...”意为“还要多久才……”
教材原文 Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. 然而,要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
感知 语言先输入
①It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.(译林选三U3)
②Although it was only a few days before we were rescued,it felt like months.
记牢 知识再梳理
It will take/be+一段时间+before从句(一般现在时) “在……之前要花一段时间”
It wasn’t long+before从句(一般过去时) “没过多久就……”
It won’t be long+before从句(一般现在时) “过不了多久就会……”
运用 补全句子
①It will take two hours before I completely solve this critical problem.
我要花两个小时才能完全解决这个关键问题。
②It wasn’t long before Jane sensed that she got lost in the unfamiliar forest,which caused her to panic.But she constantly comforted herself,“It won’t be long before my husband finds me.”(情绪描写)
没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了,这使她感到恐慌。但是她不断地安慰自己,“用不了多久我的丈夫就会找到我。”
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
老师告诉我们,二十天后我们就要参加期末考试了,我们一定要劳逸结合。我全神贯注于复习,为考试做了充分的准备。当我听说我在期末考试中获得第一名时,我当场僵住了,感到震惊和欣喜若狂。 The teacher told us 1.it would be twenty days before (before句式) we took the end-of-term examinations and we must combine hard work with a good rest.I was absorbed in revision and made good preparations for the exam.2.The instant I heard that I won first place in the final exam (the instant...),I froze on the spot,feeling shocked and overjoyed.
高考热点微练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①In a wired world with constant global communication,we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
(2021·全国甲卷)adj.联网的
② In order to secure a comfortable artificial environment,we consumed a great deal of energy.vt.获得
③I just think it’s much better than instant coffee.adj.速溶的
④ There was a distant look in her eyes from time to time,her thoughts elsewhere.adj.心不在焉的
2.选出available的汉语意思
A.adj.可获得的 B.adj.可供使用的 C.adj.有空的
①We’ll be leaving at 8:00 in the morning and a school bus is available for us at the school gate.B
②I had intended to go to my cousin’s birthday last night, but I was not available.C
③With all the information available, they found the hotel in the mountain easily.A
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.But how can we put them into practice and make them our daily routine (常规)
2.Many folk tales have come down from a very remote(遥远的) past.
3.He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant (相关的) information.
4.That was in the days before electricity was available at the flick of a switch(开关).
5.They sell a wide range of domestic appliances(电器)—washing machines,dishwashers and so on.
6.As you wander about the fantasy / f nt si/ amusement park, you will be brought into a magic world.
7.My parents thought it was abnormal / b n ml/ for a boy to be interested in ballet.
8.It’s very important to keep in mind as many English words and phrases as possible.
9.We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
10.He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.As we were playing,I looked up and saw Daddy in the distance (distant).
2.The government must commit itself to improving social security (secure)and health care.
3.We’ll give preference (prefer)to children and the aged.
4.Not only does it improve our health, it also makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency (efficient).
5.As we all know, you have a lot of experience in teaching different subjects,innovation (innovate) and research.
6.We should constantly (constant) adjust ourselves to the development of our society.
7.This crisis is potentially (potential) the most serious in the organisation’s history.
8.It didn’t take much persuasion (persuade) to get her to tell us where he was.
9.Doctors issued a warning (warn) against eating any fish caught in the river.
10.With the increase of information,its management difficulty and costs are relevantly (relevant) rising.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
keep track of;respond to;come on;in the future;switch on;catch fire
1.I wanted to see her so I said,“Mom,could you please switch on the light ”
2.Do not stand too close to that stove.Your clothes may catch fire.
3.If a new season or type of weather is coming on,it is starting to arrive.
4.I wrote to her several times,but she didn’t respond to me.
5.Only if you put your heart into it can you succeed in the future.
6.History is the best teacher.It faithfully keeps track of the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.The instant I saw a frightening bear biting our wire fence,I held my breath,not daring to make a movement.(instant)
一看到可怕的熊在咬我们的金属丝栅栏,我就屏住呼吸,一动也不敢动。
2.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back.(before)
对不起,让你等了这么长时间,但是,布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。
3.He is interested in all subjects,but he has a particular preference for English.(preference)
他对所有科目都感兴趣,但是对英语尤其偏爱。
4.The little girl has never seen him before,so she keeps the stranger out.(keep复合结构)
小女孩以前从未见过他,所以她不让陌生人进来。
5. In this sense,children and adults have equal rights.(sense)
从这个意义上说,儿童和大人享有同样的权利。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Laughter comes in many forms,from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh.Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue,the lead author of the research.“So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.”
The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter.They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely.The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy.Based on the audio files,the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs,which tend to be softer,and merry laughs,with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.
“Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know,most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue.“We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to.It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.
“One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof.Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute.“But with their development,they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。
1.Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system
A.To better understand human empathy.
B.To promote the social skills of robots.
C.To explore the differences between laughs.
D.To assist robots in identifying people’s moods.
答案 B [推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now...and an AI robot.”可知,科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统,在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。团队开发了人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能,故选B项。]
2.What can robot Erica probably do at present
A.Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues.
B.Distinguish people by hearing their laughs.
C.Recreate a scene played by the four actresses.
D.Master the features of laughs provided by data.
答案 D [推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter...”可知,团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术,数据包括了笑的特征,因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征,故选D项。]
3.What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Potential. B.Barrier.
C.Alternative. D.Division.
答案 B [词义猜测题。由文章第三段画线词后文可知,现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情,这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”,所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”,故选B项。]
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Are AI systems going beyond human ability
B.Can conversational AI really understand us
C.Laughing robots are round the corner.
D.Robots become laughing masters.
答案 C [标题归纳题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many...in proper social contexts.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款可以笑的机器人。所以C项Laughing robots are round the corner.为最佳标题,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam,I noticed something odd.Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter,preferring to 1 through a smart phone.
What was the crazy thing about this They were just several 2 apart! In fact,they were so close that the staff member took a quick 3 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables—all without any words 4 .Now,I get it: Modern technology allows us to be more 5 ,but I might be witnessing something deeper: we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.
Think about it for a moment.When was the last time you naturally 6 a conversation with somebody you didn’t know The chances are that you don’t even 7 ! Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like 8 with a smartphone.Now,with the 9 of digital technologies,one can’t help but pay the 10 for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers.
We shop, 11 a hotel,or order a taxi,all via an app. 12 with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer.Yet there are surprising 13 of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers.You might learn something 14 ,and beyond doubt,it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 15 a special bond in our modern world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起,人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情,从而失去了和陌生人说话的能力。
1.A.talk B.call
C.order D.deliver
答案 C [根据下文“through a smart phone”可知,在餐馆中顾客是通过智能手机点餐(order),故选C项。]
2.A.meters B.millimeters
C.kilometers D.centimeters
答案 D [根据下文“they were so close that the staff member took a quick at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables”可知,工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕,故他们相距只有几厘米(centimeter)远,故选D项。]
3.A.chance B.turn
C.look D.test
答案 C [句意:事实上,他们离得太近了,以至于工作人员快速看了一眼屏幕,就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有说话。根据上文“they were so close”及下文“at his screen”可知,工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕,故选C项。]
4.A.spoken B.written
C.typed D.mentioned
答案 A [根据下文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知,这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的,故选A项。]
5.A.efficient B.enthusiastic
C.effective D.energetic
答案 A [根据下文“one can’t help but pay the for modern efficiency”可知,现代技术使我们更加高效(efficient),故选A项。]
6.A.ended up B.engaged in
C.made up D.went on
答案 B [根据上文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知,这里是说上一次和陌生人进行(engage in)交谈的时候。end up最终; make up组成;go on继续,故选B项。]
7.A.hear B.believe
C.remember D.understand
答案 C [根据上文“When was the last time”可知,这里是指你不记得(remember)上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了,故选C项。]
8.A.recording B.studying
C.playing D.calculating
答案 C [根据上文“busy”和下文的“with a smartphone”可知,人们在忙着玩(play)手机,故选C项。]
9.A.idea B.aim
C.problem D.rise
答案 D [根据下文“modern efficiency”可知,正是随着数字技术的兴起(rise),人们的现代效率得以提高,故选D项。]
10.A.cash B.price
C.debt D.tax
答案 B [现在,随着数字技术的兴起,人们不禁要为现代效率付出代价:我们与陌生人交谈的能力。 pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语,故选B项。]
11.A.decorate B.book
C.build D.repair
答案 B [根据下文“all via an app”可知,我们通过应用程序预订(book)酒店,故选B项。]
12.A.Contact B.Work
C.Quarrel D.Reunion
答案 A [根据上文“We shop, a hotel,or order a taxi,all via an app.”可知,人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情,故和陌生人的接触(contact)少了,故选A项。]
13.A.interests B.benefits
C.disadvantages D.influences
答案 B [根据下文“You might learn something ,and beyond doubt,it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and a special bond in our modern world.”可知,和陌生人交谈有很多好处(benefit),故选B项。]
14.A.unrealistic B.unsuitable
C.unreasonable D.unexpected
答案 D [根据上文“having even a short and simple conversation with strangers”可知,和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的(unexpected)东西,故选D项。]
15.A.serves as B.refers to
C.accounts for D.consists of
答案 A [根据下文“a special bond in our modern world”可知,和陌生人交谈可以担当(serve as)现代生活中的纽带。refer to指的是; account for导致;consist of由……组成,故选A项。](共95张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—
Language points
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
必 备 知 识 自 测
1. /fre z/ n.短语;词组
2. /sw t / vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
3. /rI m t/ adj.远程的;偏远的
4. /ru ti n/ n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的
5. /k mɑ nd/ n.指令;命令;控制 vt.命令;控制
6. / beI/ vi.& vt.服从;遵守
[核心单词·练通]
phrase
switch
remote
routine
command
obey
7. /li k/ vi.& vt.漏;渗漏;透露 n.漏洞;裂缝;透露
8. / rel v nt/ adj.有关的;有意义的
9. / veIl bl/ adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的
10. / nev les/ adv.尽管如此;不过;然而
11. / str kt (r)/ n.结构;体系 vt.系统安排;精心组织
leak
relevant
available
nevertheless
structure
[拓展单词·用活]
1. /p swe d/ vt.劝说;说服→ persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n.说服
2. / d st nt/ adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→distance n.距离;远处
3. /sI kj (r)/ adj.安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.获得;拴牢;保护→security n.保护措施;安全工作→securely adv.安全地;牢固地
persuade
distant
secure
4. / t m t k/ adj.自动的→ automatically adv.自动地
5. /I fI nt/ adj.效率高的;有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n.效率;效能
6. / prefr ns/ n.爱好;偏爱→ prefer vt.更喜欢;偏好
7. / Inst nt/ n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的→instantly adv.立即;马上
automatic
efficient
preference
instant
8. / w n / n.警告;警示;先兆→ warn vt.警告
9. / k nst nt/ adj.不断的;重复的;不变的 n.常数;常量→constantly adv.经常地;不断地
10. / b n ml/ adj.不正常的;反常的→normal adj.正常的→normally adv.通常;正常地
11. / kr t kl/ adj.严重的;关键的;批判性的→critically adv.批判性地→critic n.评论家→criticize/se vt.批评;评论
warning
constant
abnormal
critical
12. /p ten li/ adv.潜在地;可能地→________________ /p ten l/ adj.可能的;潜在的 n.潜力;可能性
13. / lektr kl/ adj.电的;用电的→electric adj.电的;电动的;用电的→electricity n.电;电能
potentially
potential
electrical
[阅读单词·识记]
1.appliance / pla ns/ n.
2.integrated / IntIɡreItId/ adj.
3.integrate / IntIɡreIt/ vi.& vt.
4.sensor / sens (r)/ n.
5.mode /m d/ n.
6.cancer / k ns (r)/ n.
电器;器具
各部分密切协调的;综合的
(使)合并;成为一体
传感器;敏感元件
模式;方式;风格
癌;癌症;毒瘤
7.wiring / wa r / n.
8.wire / wa (r)/ n.
vt.
9.detect /d tekt/ vt.
10.fantasy / f nt si/ n.
11.innovation / In veI n/ n.
电线线路;线路系统
电线;金属丝(或线)
接通电源;将……连接到
发现;查明
幻想;想象
创新;创造
[重点短语·再现]
1. 将来
2. 进入;加入
3. 快点儿;开始工作
4. 关/开(电灯、机器等)
5. 在初期;早先
in the future
go into
come on
switch off/on
early on
6.catch fire
7.in this sense(in...sense)
8.along with
9.respond to
10.keep track of
着火
从这种(某种)意义上来讲
沿着;随同;与……一起
回应;响应
记录;与……保持联系
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] 动词不定式短语作后置定语
[教材原句] These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy,and provide a more comfortable environment .
这些智能家居将保证我们的安全,为我们节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。
to live in
2.[句型公式] the instant 一……就……
[教材原句] Your lights will come on
along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
the instant you enter the door
3.[句型公式] what引导宾语从句
[教材原句] All controls will respond to voice commands,so if you want to change your routine,you just say aloud _________________ and the home system will obey.
所有的控制都会响应语音指令,所以如果你想改变你的日常工作,你只要大声说出你想要的,家居系统就会服从。
what you want
4.[句型公式] It will take＋一段时间＋before... 还要一段时间才……
[教材原句] Nevertheless,
most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而,要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
it will take some years before
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
典型句式练透
核心单词练透
1.persuade vt.劝说;说服;使相信
教材原文 For example,the phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade.
例如,短语“in my opinion”告诉我们这篇文章可能是为了说服。
感知 语言先输入
①He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.(外研必三U2)
②I managed to persuade David into taking part in the competition, for he had practiced so hard for it.
[记牢]
(1)persuade sb to do sth/into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth/out of doing sth 说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb of sth/persuade sb that... 使某人相信……
(2)persuasive adj. 有说服力的
[温馨提示] persuade sb to do sth表示“说服某人做某事”;若表示“试图说服某人做某事而结果不一定时”,则用try to persuade sb to do sth或advise sb to do sth。
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Based on the psychology behind creating a desire to buy,advertisers have developed ways of persuading people into __________________ (purchase) their products or services.(译林选二U1)
②The children did everything they could to persuade the family _______________the plan’s benefits.
purchasing
of
③得知你因为在最近比赛中失败了而失去信心,想要放弃,我写信说服你不要放弃画画。(五育并举之美育)
→Learning that you lost heart and wanted to quit because of your recent failure in the competition,I am writing____________________
___________________________.
→Learning that you lost heart and wanted to quit because of your recent failure in the competition,I am writing_____________________
____________________________.
to persuade you not to
give up painting
to persuade you
out of giving up painting
2.switch vt.转换;交换 vi.& vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
教材原文 Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer 或是你忘记过关掉电视或电脑吗
感知 语言先输入
①Every time I switch on the TV,there’s football.It’s overkill.
②She made the switch from full－time to part－time work when her first child was born.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)switch off 关(电灯、机器等)
switch on 开(电灯、机器等)
switch from...to... 从……转变为……
(2)make a switch 做出改变
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①To break the ice,we switched the conversation one subject another.
②Attention,please!Do make sure all mobile phones are switched _______________during the performance.
③So stubborn was he that_____________________________________ in his attitude to the event.
他如此固执,以至于他拒绝在对待这件事情的态度上做出改变。
from
to
off
he refused to make a switch
3.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;冷淡的;心不在焉的
教材原文 However,in the not－too－distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
然而,在不久的将来,我们将住进智能家居,当我们外出时,智能家居会为我们锁门,当我们忘记关电视时,智能家居会记得关闭它。
感知 语言先输入
①It’s hard to evaluate his attitude,but he sounded very cold and distant on the phone.(情感态度)
②In the distance,Jared and his mother were trying to take a photo of the bear cub and its mother.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be distant from... 与……保持距离
(2)distance n. 距离;远方;远处
in the distance 在远处
at a distance of... 在……的距离
from a distance 从远处
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远
运用 写出句中加黑词的含义/完成语段
①However,after I went to high school,somehow I became distant from him.(2022·全国甲卷)
②The waterfall ,which is exactly 500 meters here,can be seen clearly.Its sound can be heard__________________________ two miles. It looks even more beautiful .
远处的那条瀑布可以看得很清楚,它离这里正好500米。从两英里外就能听到它的声音。它从远处看更美。
疏远的;冷淡的
in the distance
distant from
at a distance of
from a distance
4.preference n.爱好;偏爱
教材原文 Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. 你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好,所以当你每天晚上回到家时,一切都会为你准备好。
感知 语言先输入
①As you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture,your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us.(求助信)
②I’m wondering how many periods of the course there are each week,for I prefer having/to have some time at my disposal.(询问信)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)have a preference for... 偏爱……;更喜欢……
give preference to... 给……以优惠;优待……
(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢;宁愿
prefer doing/to do... 宁愿做……
prefer (doing) A to (doing)B 与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A (rather) than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Most young people preferred (read) e－books on tablets.(外研选二U3)
②The manager has decided to give preference those who have worked here for many years.
③I have a preference running so I take part in the cross－country running race every year.
reading/to read
to
for
④这名十几岁的志愿者更喜欢打扫房间,而不是玩毫无意义的电子游戏。
→The teenage volunteer
.
→The teenage volunteer
.
prefer red cleaning up the house to playing meaningless computer games
preferred to clean up the house rather than play meaningless computer games
5.command n.指令;命令;控制 vt.命令;控制
教材原文 All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine,you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
所有的控制都会响应语音指令,所以如果你想改变你的日常生活习惯,你只要大声说出你想要什么,家居系统就会遵照执行。
感知 语言先输入
①The commander commanded me to switch off the air conditioner before leaving the classroom.
②To have a good command of modern English,it is not enough to learn textbooks or read some famous English novels.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)take command of... 控制……
under the command of 在……的指挥/统帅/控制下
at sb’s command 听候某人吩咐
(2)have a good command of... 精通……
(3)command sb to do sth＝command that sb (should) do sth
命令某人做某事
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①I am your command—what would you like me to do
②The police soon arrived on the scene and took command__________ the situation.
③It is said that this army is the command of the extraordinary general.
at
of
under
④令我们怒火中烧的是,我们的班长总是命令我们做我们不喜欢的事情。(心理描写)
→What makes us boil with anger is that
.
→What makes us boil with anger is that
.
our monitor always commands us to do what we dislike
our monitor always commands that we (should) do what we dislike
6.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的
教材原文 ...your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information.
……你的智能家居将会探测出来,并给你提供相关的信息。
感知 语言先输入
①In the exams,make sure that everything you write is relevant to the questions you have been asked.
②Welcome to join us and enjoy the movie! Here are some relevant details about it.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)be relevant to ... 和……有关
(2)relevance n. 关联;切题
have relevance to 和……有关
(3)relevantly adv. 有关地;切题地
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①These comments are not directly relevant this enquiry.
②The applicant has experience in teaching and,more______________ (relevant),in industry.
to
relevantly
③将会有各种各样的文化活动,包括与中国文化相关的讲座。
→There will be a wide variety of cultural activities including lectures that .(relevant)
→There will be a wide variety of cultural activities including lectures that .(relevance)
are relevant to Chinese culture
have relevance to Chinese culture
7.in this sense 从这种意义上来讲
教材原文 In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. 从这种意义上来讲,明天的家已经是今天的家了。
感知 语言先输入
①In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.(译林选一U1)
②Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.(译林选三U2)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)make sense 讲得通;有意义
make no sense 讲不通;没有意义
make sense of 懂得;了解……的意义
(2)in a sense 在某种意义上;在某种程度上
in no sense 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
(3)There’s no/little sense/point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
运用 根据汉语提示完成下面语段/句式升级
①I am terribly sorry to hear that you have difficulty______________ (理解) what your physics teacher says in class.What I must stress is that (抱怨没有意义). Meanwhile, (你绝对不能放弃).What you must do now is turn to your classmates and teachers for assistance. (在某种意义上),only if you insist on studying physics can you make obvious progress in the not－too－distant future.
making sense of
there is no sense in complaining
in no sense should you give up
In a sense
②Never lose heart; if you keep trying, you will make it sooner or later.
→ ;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒装句)
In no sense should you lose heart
片段巩固
用persuade;switch;preference;command;relevant;in no sense完成下面的小短文
正如你所知道的,我偏爱太空探险,而且我对它了如指掌。每当我读相关的书籍或观看视频,我的父母就会暴跳如雷,毫无疑问,他们决不支持我的爱好。他们甚至命令我立即放弃我的爱好,并全神贯注于我的学业。我不知道如何说服我的父母改变他们的态度,我想知道你是否能给我一些建议。
As you know,I 1. (preference) space exploration and 2. (command) it. 3. (让步状语从句,relevant), my parents will explode with anger and undoubtedly, 4._________________________________ (in no sense倒装句).They even 5.___________________________________________ (command sb to do...) and be committed to my academic studies.I don’t know 6._________________________________________________________ (persuade,switch),and I am wondering whether you can offer me some suggestions.
have a preference for
have a good command of
Whenever I read relevant books or watch videos
in no sense do they support my hobby
command me to give up my hobby immediately
how to persuade my parents to switch/into switching their attitude
1.句型公式:“the instant”意为“一……就……”
教材原文 Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),并且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
典型句式练透
感知 语言先输入
①The instant/Instantly they returned home,they couldn’t wait to make popcorn.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②The moment/Immediately I saw my father’s cloudy face,panic seized me.
记牢 知识再梳理
有些名词短语/副词可用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句:
(1)the＋moment/minute/instant... 一……就……
(2)the first time/the last time/(the) next time/each time/every time...
第一次/上次/下次/每次……
(3)instantly/immediately/directly... 一……就……
运用 一句多译
妈妈一看到早餐,心里就涌起一股幸福之情。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
→ ,the mother felt
a wave of happiness welling up within her.(instant/moment/minute)
→ ,the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.(on/upon)
→ ,the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.
(instantly/immediately/directly)
The instant/moment/minute she saw the breakfast
On/Upon seeing the breakfast
Instantly/Immediately/Directly she saw the breakfast
2.句型公式:“It will take＋一段时间＋before...”意为“还要多久才……”
教材原文 Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而,要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。
感知 语言先输入
①It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.(译林选三U3)
②Although it was only a few days before we were rescued,it felt like months.
记牢 知识再梳理
It will take/be＋一段时间＋before从句(一般现在时) “在……之前要花一段时间”
It wasn’t long＋before从句(一般过去时) “没过多久就……”
It won’t be long＋before从句(一般现在时) “过不了多久就会……”
运用 补全句子
① I completely solve this critical problem.
我要花两个小时才能完全解决这个关键问题。
②_________________________________________________________
_____________, which caused her to panic.But she constantly comforted herself,“ .”
(情绪描写)
没过多久简就意识到她在陌生的森林里迷路了,这使她感到恐慌。但是她不断地安慰自己,“用不了多久我的丈夫就会找到我。”
It will take two hours before
It wasn’t long before Jane sensed that she got lost in the unfamiliar
forest
It won’t be long before my husband finds me
片段巩固
根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
老师告诉我们,二十天后我们就要参加期末考试了,我们一定要劳逸结合。我全神贯注于复习,为考试做了充分的准备。当我听说我在期末考试中获得第一名时,我当场僵住了,感到震惊和欣喜若狂。
The teacher told us 1.______________________________________ (before句式) we took the end－of－term examinations and we must combine hard work with a good rest.I was absorbed in revision and made good preparations for the exam. 2. (the instant...),I froze on the spot,feeling shocked and overjoyed.
it would be twenty days before
The instant I heard that I won first place in the final exam
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①In a wired world with constant global communication,we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(2021·全国甲卷)
② In order to secure a comfortable artificial environment,we consumed a great deal of energy.
③I just think it’s much better than instant coffee.
④ There was a distant look in her eyes from time to time,her thoughts elsewhere.
adj.联网的
高考热点微练
vt.获得
adj.速溶的
adj.心不在焉的
2.选出available的汉语意思
A.adj.可获得的 B.adj.可供使用的 C.adj.有空的
①We’ll be leaving at 8:00 in the morning and a school bus is available for us at the school gate.
②I had intended to go to my cousin’s birthday last night, but I was not available.
③With all the information available, they found the hotel in the mountain easily.
B
C
A
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.But how can we put them into practice and make them our daily ____________(常规)
2.Many folk tales have come down from a very _________________ (遥远的) past.
3.He refused to comment before he had seen all the ______________ (相关的) information.
routine
remote
relevant
4.That was in the days before electricity was available at the flick of a _______________(开关).
5.They sell a wide range of domestic (电器)—washing machines,dishwashers and so on.
6.As you wander about the / f nt si/ amusement park, you will be brought into a magic world.
7.My parents thought it was / b n ml/ for a boy to be interested in ballet.
switch
appliances
fantasy
abnormal
8.It’s very important to keep in mind as many English words and p_______________as possible.
9.We live in an age when more information is a____________ with greater ease than ever before.
10.He hated being in the army because he had to obey c___________.
hrases
vailable
ommands
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.As we were playing,I looked up and saw Daddy in the ___________ (distant).
2.The government must commit itself to improving social __________ (secure)and health care.
3.We’ll give (prefer)to children and the aged.
4.Not only does it improve our health, it also makes us cheerful and raises our learning (efficient).
distance
security
preference
efficiency
5.As we all know, you have a lot of experience in teaching different subjects, (innovate) and research.
6.We should (constant) adjust ourselves to the development of our society.
7.This crisis is (potential) the most serious in the organisation’s history.
innovation
constantly
potentially
8.It didn’t take much (persuade) to get her to tell us where he was.
9.Doctors issued a (warn) against eating any fish caught in the river.
10.With the increase of information,its management difficulty and costs are (relevant) rising.
persuasion
warning
relevantly
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
keep track of;respond to;come on;in the future;switch on;catch fire
1.I wanted to see her so I said,“Mom,could you please ____________ the light ”
2.Do not stand too close to that stove.Your clothes may .
3.If a new season or type of weather is ,it is starting to arrive.
switch on
catch fire
coming on
4.I wrote to her several times,but she didn’t _____________ me.
5.Only if you put your heart into it can you succeed .
6.History is the best teacher.It faithfully _________________________ the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.
respond to
in the future
keeps track of
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1. , I held my breath,not daring to make a movement.(instant)
一看到可怕的熊在咬我们的金属丝栅栏,我就屏住呼吸,一动也不敢动。
2.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but ______________________ ___________Brian gets back.(before)
对不起,让你等了这么长时间,但是,布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。
The instant I saw a frightening bear biting our wire fence
it’ll still be some time
before
3.He is interested in all subjects,but he _________________________ English.(preference)
他对所有科目都感兴趣,但是对英语尤其偏爱。
4.The little girl has never seen him before,so she___________________.
(keep复合结构)
小女孩以前从未见过他,所以她不让陌生人进来。
has a particular preference for
keeps the stranger out
5. ,children and adults have equal rights.(sense)
从这个意义上说,儿童和大人享有同样的权利。
In this sense
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Laughter comes in many forms,from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh.Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts.The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.“We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy(共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue,the lead author of the research.“So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.”
The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter.They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely.The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy.Based on the audio files,the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs,which tend to be softer,and merry laughs,with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.
“Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know,most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue.“We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to.It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.
“One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof.Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute.“But with their development,they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。
1.Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system
A.To better understand human empathy.
B.To promote the social skills of robots.
C.To explore the differences between laughs.
D.To assist robots in identifying people’s moods.
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now...and an AI robot.”可知,科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统,在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。团队开发了人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能,故选B项。
√
2.What can robot Erica probably do at present
A.Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues.
B.Distinguish people by hearing their laughs.
C.Recreate a scene played by the four actresses.
D.Master the features of laughs provided by data.
解析 推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter...”可知,团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术,数据包括了笑的特征,因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征,故选D项。
√
3.What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Potential. B.Barrier.
C.Alternative. D.Division.
解析 词义猜测题。由文章第三段画线词后文可知,现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情,这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”,所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”,故选B项。
√
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Are AI systems going beyond human ability
B.Can conversational AI really understand us
C.Laughing robots are round the corner.
D.Robots become laughing masters.
解析 标题归纳题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many...in proper social contexts.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款可以笑的机器人。所以C项Laughing robots are round the corner.为最佳标题,故选C项。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
While enjoying my fresh lunch in a restaurant in Amsterdam,I noticed something odd.Customers coming in for something to eat ignored the person standing behind the counter,preferring to 1 through a smart phone.
What was the crazy thing about this They were just several 2 apart! In fact,they were so close that the staff member took a quick 3 at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables—all without any words 4 .Now,I get it: Modern technology allows us to be more 5 ,but I might be witnessing something deeper: we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.
Think about it for a moment.When was the last time you naturally 6 a conversation with somebody you didn’t know The chances are that you don’t even 7 ! Likely either you or the other person was “busy” with other things like 8 with a smartphone.Now,with the 9 of digital technologies,one can’t help but pay the 10 for modern efficiency: our ability to talk to strangers.
We shop, 11 a hotel,or order a taxi,all via an app. 12 with random strangers is becoming rarer and rarer.Yet there are surprising 13 of having even a short and simple conversation with strangers.You might learn something 14 ,and beyond doubt,it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and 15 a special bond in our modern world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了随着数字技术的兴起,人们通过手机来完成生活中的各种事情,从而失去了和陌生人说话的能力。
1.A.talk B.call
C.order D.deliver
解析 根据下文“through a smart phone”可知,在餐馆中顾客是通过智能手机点餐(order),故选C项。
√
2.A.meters B.millimeters
C.kilometers D.centimeters
解析 根据下文“they were so close that the staff member took a quick at his screen to get a head start on picking the right vegetables”可知,工作人员能看到顾客的手机屏幕,故他们相距只有几厘米(centimeter)远,故选D项。
√
3.A.chance B.turn
C.look D.test
解析 句意:事实上,他们离得太近了,以至于工作人员快速看了一眼屏幕,就可以抢先一步挑选合适的蔬菜——所有这些都没有说话。根据上文“they were so close”及下文“at his screen”可知,工作人员可以看到顾客的手机屏幕,故选C项。
√
4.A.spoken B.written
C.typed D.mentioned
解析 根据下文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知,这一切是在一句话也没有说的情况下进行的,故选A项。
5.A.efficient B.enthusiastic
C.effective D.energetic
解析 根据下文“one can’t help but pay the for modern efficiency”可知,现代技术使我们更加高效(efficient),故选A项。
√
√
6.A.ended up B.engaged in
C.made up D.went on
解析 根据上文“we prefer not to talk to each other anymore.”可知,这里是说上一次和陌生人进行(engage in)交谈的时候。end up最终; make up组成;go on继续,故选B项。
7.A.hear B.believe
C.remember D.understand
解析 根据上文“When was the last time”可知,这里是指你不记得(remember)上次和陌生人说话是什么时候了,故选C项。
√
√
8.A.recording B.studying
C.playing D.calculating
解析 根据上文“busy”和下文的“with a smartphone”可知,人们在忙着玩(play)手机,故选C项。
9.A.idea B.aim
C.problem D.rise
解析 根据下文“modern efficiency”可知,正是随着数字技术的兴起(rise),人们的现代效率得以提高,故选D项。
√
√
10.A.cash B.price
C.debt D.tax
解析 现在,随着数字技术的兴起,人们不禁要为现代效率付出代价:我们与陌生人交谈的能力。 pay the price for“为……付出代价”为固定短语,故选B项。
11.A.decorate B.book
C.build D.repair
解析 根据下文“all via an app”可知,我们通过应用程序预订(book)酒店,故选B项。
√
√
12.A.Contact B.Work
C.Quarrel D.Reunion
解析 根据上文“We shop, a hotel,or order a taxi,all via an app.”可知,人们通过手机完成生活中的各种事情,故和陌生人的接触(contact)少了,故选A项。
√
13.A.interests B.benefits
C.disadvantages D.influences
解析 根据下文“You might learn something ,and beyond doubt,it has the power to enrich your understanding of others and _________a special bond in our modern world.”可知,和陌生人交谈有很多好处(benefit),故选B项。
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14.A.unrealistic B.unsuitable
C.unreasonable D.unexpected
解析 根据上文“having even a short and simple conversation with strangers”可知,和陌生人交谈可能让你学到意想不到的(unexpected)东西,故选D项。
√
15.A.serves as B.refers to
C.accounts for D.consists of
解析 根据下文“a special bond in our modern world”可知,和陌生人交谈可以担当(serve as)现代生活中的纽带。refer to指的是; account for导致;consist of由……组成,故选A项。
√
Thanks！
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