Part 1 Reading Comprehension
Step One:While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.The author regrets what she is doing.
B.What it means and takes to get to the top.
C.How to be an Olympic athlete.
D.Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
答案 B
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1-3) A.Reasons for pushing myself to the limits
Part 2(Paras.4-5) B.Efforts for getting to the top
Part 3(Paras.6-8) C.Worries from my friends and fears facing me
答案 Part 1 C Part 2 A Part 3 B
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the writer do
A.A professional writer.
B.An Olympic athlete.
C.A rugby coach.
D.A swimming player.
2.Why did the writer say she ruined a family holiday in France
A.Because searching for swimming pool cost too much time.
B.Because she was too busy hiring a car.
C.Because she spent much time waiting for her friends.
D.Because she became angry after a tiring match.
3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 5
A.The author’s childhood.
B.The author’s inside drive to do the best.
C.The author’s sport as a child.
D.The author’s swimming experience as a small girl.
4.Which words can be used to describe the author
A.Determined and ambitious.
B.Committed and depressed.
C.Pessimistic and disciplined.
D.Emotional and persistent.
5.Where is probably the passage from
A.A fashion magazine.
B.An academic paper.
C.A personal blog.
D.A travel journal.
答案 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C
Step Two:Post reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.
[学会断句] 句中系表结构was worried后接两个并列的宾语从句,that在宾语从句中没有意义,也不作成分,第一个that可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。
尝试翻译:他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情,担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
2.If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
[学会断句] 本句包含一个由If引导的条件状语从句,主句是一个强调结构,对主语进行了强调。you have done in your preparation为省略了关系代词的定语从句。
尝试翻译:如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
As an Olympic athlete,I push 1.myself (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2.being left (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
To be the top in sport,I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day to day 3.basis (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4.to handle (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France,in order to find a swimming pool to train in,I 5.ruined (ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this:I was born with 6.an enormous amount of drive and determination.7.Since my childhood,I have always lived my life to extremes.
You may think my lifestyle is 8.unhealthy (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However,if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform,you had better be 9.totally (total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10.from other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
[原文呈现] GETTING TO THE TOP
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin① family holidays and skip② nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.“We’re worried about you,”said my friend from across the table.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with③ only a world championship medal and no one to share it with[1].
[1]第二个and连接的两个并列成分作being left with的宾语,其中不定式短语to share it with作后置定语修饰one。
I could have become angry or defensive④.Don’t they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport[2] Don’t they know what it takes to get there However,deep down I knew elements⑤ of what he was saying were right[3].I was always tired and every workout⑥ had a mental intensity⑦ that seemed too much for most to handle.I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.
[2]how引导的宾语从句,作know的宾语;从句中it为形式主语,不定式短语to be at the top in sport为真正的主语。
[3]what引导宾语从句,作of的宾语。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis⑧.Who am I doing this for How much is too much Why am I doing this How can I be so selfish⑨ What are the sacrifices⑩ for [4]
[4]一系列疑问句体现作者的心理活动。
I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed,ruining a family holiday in France[5] because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in[6],almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes .The list is endless.
[5]动词-ing形式短语作状语。ruin与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。
[6]不定式短语作后置定语修饰a swimming pool。
It boils down to this:I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.From a small girl,I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play;I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games;I was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.I have always lived my life to extremes.Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.[7]
[7]本句为but连接的并列复合句,其中no matter what引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”。
Being a professional athlete is no different.If you want to be an Olympic champion[8],it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation[9] that will set you apart from your competitors.
[8]If引导的条件状语从句。
[9]省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
Can this be overdone Absolutely.But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner’s platform,you had better be totally committed to your sport.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee,even if it means getting injured [10],“I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.”
[10]even if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing what we do as athletes[11] sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
[11]动词-ing形式短语作主语,其中what we do为what引导的宾语从句,作Doing的宾语,what在该从句中作do的宾语。
[名师圈点]
①ruin / ru n/ vt.毁坏,毁掉,糟蹋
②skip /sk p/ vt.不做(本来应做的事),不参加 vi.蹦跳着走
③be left with被留给,剩有
④defensive /d fens v/ adj.戒备的,怀有戒心的,自卫的;防御的
defend /d fend/ vt.& vi.防御,保护,保卫 vt.辩解,辩白
defense /dI fens/ n.防御,保护,保卫;防御物,防御能力
⑤element / el m nt/ n.要素;基本部分
⑥workout / w ka t/ n.锻炼,训练
⑦intensity / n tens ti/ n.强烈,紧张,剧烈;强度,烈度
⑧on a day-to-day/daily basis按每日一次的标准
day-to-day adj.按日计划的,逐日的,每天的
basis / be s s/ n.基准,准则,方式;原因,缘由;基础,要素,基点
⑨selfish / self / adj.自私的,自私自利的
⑩sacrifice / s kr fa s/ n.牺牲,舍弃 vt.牺牲,献出
countless / ka ntl s/ adj.无数的,数不胜数的,数不尽的(常作前置定语)
hire /ha / vt.租用,租借
triathlete /tra θli t/ n.铁人三项运动员
boil down to sth归结为,基本问题是;要点是
[近义]come down to归结为;取决于
boil /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸
enormous amount of大量的
enormous / n m s/ adj.巨大的,庞大的,极大的
drive /dra v/ n.冲劲,干劲,精力
stay in待在家里,不外出
get ahead占据优势
length /le θ/ n.游泳池长度;长度
rugby / r ɡbi/ n.(英式)橄榄球
roll /r l/ v.在此表示“行动,做”。
apply oneself to (doing) sth使自己致力于(做)某事;使(注意力等)专注于(做)某事(to是介词)
set sb/sth apart 使与众不同,使突出,使优于
apart / pɑ t/ adj.& adv.散开;分开
platform / pl tf m/ n.舞台,讲台;站台,月台
injured / nd d/ adj.受伤的,有伤的
injury / nd ri/ n.(对躯体的)伤害,损伤;(对感情的)伤害,挫伤
escape injury险受伤害
injury to the head/head injury头部受伤
outstanding /a t st nd / adj.优秀的,杰出的,出色的;突出的,重要的
outstanding player/achievement/success杰出的运动员/成绩/成就
average / v r d / adj.普通的,平常的,一般的;平庸的 n.平均水平;平均数
normal / n m l/ adj.正常的,平常的,一般的,典型的
[参考译文] 走向顶峰
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢 作为一名奥林匹克运动员,我错过生日聚会、毁掉了家庭假期、放弃夜晚外出,但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你。” 坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情,担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗 难道他们不知道走向顶峰需要付出多少吗 然而,在内心深处,我知道他说的是对的。我总是疲惫不堪,每次锻炼带来的心理压力对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
这些是我作为职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁 太多是多少 我为什么要这样做 我怎么能这么自私 这些牺牲是为了什么
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚;因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池,而破坏了一次去法国的家庭假期;我正忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车,开车闯过“禁行”区,以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练,而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。
归根结底,我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时,为了在课业上名列前茅,午餐时间我会待在家里学习而不出去玩;十岁的时候,当别的孩子在游泳池戏水时,我会自己乘坐公共汽车去游泳
池游50个来回;我是有250个男孩的橄榄球俱乐部里的唯一一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
成为一名职业运动员也不例外。如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗 当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台,你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯泰尔·布朗利的话来说,即使这意味着受伤,“与其平平庸庸度过十年,我更愿意拥有三到四年的胜利辉煌。”
做运动员让我们与众不同,因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点,以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式,也肯定不寻常,但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容为伟大而努力的人的。(共37张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Lesson 3
Part 1 Reading Comprehension
文本整体理解
内
容
索
引
语篇助解释疑
文 本 整 体 理 解
Step One:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What is the main idea of the passage
A.The author regrets what she is doing.
B.What it means and takes to get to the top.
C.How to be an Olympic athlete.
D.Worries from the author’s friends about her present situation.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1-3) A.Reasons for pushing myself to the limits
Part 2(Paras.4-5) B.Efforts for getting to the top
Part 3(Paras.6-8) C.Worries from my friends and fears facing me
答案 Part 1 C Part 2 A Part 3 B
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
fun
championship
share
tired
sacrifices
drive
determination
extremes
platform
average
sport
preparations
committed
strive
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What does the writer do
A.A professional writer.
B.An Olympic athlete.
C.A rugby coach.
D.A swimming player.
√
2.Why did the writer say she ruined a family holiday in France
A.Because searching for swimming pool cost too much time.
B.Because she was too busy hiring a car.
C.Because she spent much time waiting for her friends.
D.Because she became angry after a tiring match.
√
3.What’s the main idea of paragraph 5
A.The author’s childhood.
B.The author’s inside drive to do the best.
C.The author’s sport as a child.
D.The author’s swimming experience as a small girl.
√
4.Which words can be used to describe the author
A.Determined and ambitious.
B.Committed and depressed.
C.Pessimistic and disciplined.
D.Emotional and persistent.
√
5.Where is probably the passage from
A.A fashion magazine.
B.An academic paper.
C.A personal blog.
D.A travel journal.
√
Step Two:Post-reading
Ⅰ.难句解构
1.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.
[学会断句] 句中系表结构 后接两个并列的宾语从句, 在宾语从句中没有意义,也不作成分,第一个that可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。
尝试翻译:
was worried
that
他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情,担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
2.If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
[学会断句] 本句包含一个由 引导的条件状语从句,主句是一个强调结构,对 进行了强调。you have done in your preparation为省略了关系代词的 从句。
尝试翻译:
If
主语
定语
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
Ⅱ.翻转课堂(课文语法填空)
Fill in the following blanks after reading the passage.
As an Olympic athlete,I push 1. (I) to the limits.My friends worried I had no time for fun and was in danger of 2. (leave) with only a world championship medal because of my hard training.
myself
being left
To be the top in sport,I have to face enormous fears and worries on a day-to-day 3. (base).I am always tired and every workout has a mental intensity that seems too much for most 4. (handle).I have little time to get together with my families.In France,in order to find a swimming pool to train in,I 5. (ruin) a family holiday.It boils down to this:I was born with 6. enormous amount of drive and determination.7. my childhood,I have always lived my life to extremes.
basis
to handle
ruined
an
Since
You may think my lifestyle is 8. (healthy) and my preparations are overdone.However,if you want to be an Olympic champion and reach the winner’s platform,you had better be 9. (total) committed to your sport.Doing the extra little bit in our preparation sets us apart 10. other competitors.And getting to the top inspires everyone to strive for greatness.
unhealthy
totally
from
语 篇 助 解 释 疑
GETTING TO THE TOP
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin① family holidays and skip② nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.“We’re worried about you,”said my friend from across the table.He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with③ only a world championship medal and no one to share it with[1].
[1]第二个and连接的两个并列成分作being left with的宾语,其中不定式短语to share it with作后置定语修饰one。
[原文呈现]
I could have become angry or defensive④.Don’t they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport[2] Don’t they know what it takes to get there However,deep down I knew elements⑤ of what he was saying were right[3].I was always tired and every workout⑥ had a mental intensity⑦ that seemed too much for most to handle.I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.
[2]how引导的宾语从句,作know的宾语;从句中it为形式主语,不定式短语to be at the top in sport为真正的主语。
[3]what引导宾语从句,作of的宾语。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis⑧.Who am I doing this for How much is too much Why am I doing this How can I be so selfish⑨ What are the sacrifices⑩ for [4]
[4]一系列疑问句体现作者的心理活动。
I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed,ruining a family holiday in France[5] because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in[6],almost missing my brother’s wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes .The list is endless.
[5]动词-ing形式短语作状语。ruin与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系。
[6]不定式短语作后置定语修饰a swimming pool。
It boils down to this:I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.From a small girl,I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather than go out and play;I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games;I was the only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys.I have always lived my life to extremes.Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll ,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to .[7]
[7]本句为but连接的并列复合句,其中no matter what引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”。
Being a professional athlete is no different.If you want to be an Olympic champion[8],it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation[9] that will set you apart from your competitors.
[8]If引导的条件状语从句。
[9]省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
Can this be overdone Absolutely.But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner’s platform ,you had better be totally committed to your sport.In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee,even if it means getting injured [10],“I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average .”
[10]even if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing what we do as athletes[11] sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top.It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal
but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
[11]动词-ing形式短语作主语,其中what we do为what引导的宾语从句,作Doing的宾语,what在该从句中作do的宾语。
[名师圈点]
①ruin / ru n/ vt.毁坏,毁掉,糟蹋
②skip /sk p/ vt.不做(本来应做的事),不参加 vi.蹦跳着走
③be left with被留给,剩有
④defensive /d fens v/ adj.戒备的,怀有戒心的,自卫的;防御的
defend /d fend/ vt.& vi.防御,保护,保卫 vt.辩解,辩白
defense /dI fens/ n.防御,保护,保卫;防御物,防御能力
⑤element / el m nt/ n.要素;基本部分
⑥workout / w ka t/ n.锻炼,训练
⑦intensity / n tens ti/ n.强烈,紧张,剧烈;强度,烈度
⑧on a day-to-day/daily basis按每日一次的标准
day-to-day adj.按日计划的,逐日的,每天的
basis / be s s/ n.基准,准则,方式;原因,缘由;基础,要素,基点
⑨selfish / self / adj.自私的,自私自利的
⑩sacrifice / s kr fa s/ n.牺牲,舍弃 vt.牺牲,献出
countless / ka ntl s/ adj.无数的,数不胜数的,数不尽的(常作前置定语)
hire /ha / vt.租用,租借
triathlete /tra θli t/ n.铁人三项运动员
boil down to sth归结为,基本问题是;要点是
[近义]come down to归结为;取决于
boil /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸
enormous amount of大量的
enormous / n m s/ adj.巨大的,庞大的,极大的
drive /dra v/ n.冲劲,干劲,精力
stay in待在家里,不外出
get ahead占据优势
length /le θ/ n.游泳池长度;长度
rugby / r ɡbi/ n.(英式)橄榄球
[参考译文]
走向顶峰
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢 作为一名奥林匹克运动员,我错过生日聚会、毁掉了家庭假期、放弃夜晚外出,但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你。” 坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情,担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗 难道他们不知道走向顶峰需要付出多少吗 然而,在内心深处,我知道他说的是对的。我总是疲惫不堪,每次锻炼带来的心理压力对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。
这些是我作为职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁 太多是多少 我为什么要这样做 我怎么能这么自私 这些牺牲是为了什么
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出狂欢的夜晚;因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池,而破坏了一次去法国的家庭假期;我正忙着在约翰内斯堡市中心租车,开车闯过“禁行”区,以便和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行训练,而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。
归根结底,我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时,为了在课业上名列前茅,午餐时间我会待在家里学习而不出去玩;十岁的时候,当别的孩子在游泳池戏水时,我会自己乘坐公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回;我是有250个男孩的橄榄球俱乐部里的唯一一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
成为一名职业运动员也不例外。如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗 当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台,你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯泰尔·布朗利的话来说,即使这意味着受伤,“与其平平庸庸度过十年,我更愿意拥有三到四年的胜利辉煌。”
做运动员让我们与众不同,因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点,以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式,也肯定不寻常,但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容为伟大而努力的人的。Part 2 Language points
[核心单词·练通]
1.entry / entri/ n.条目
2.ruin / ru In/ vt.毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏
3.skip /skIp/ vt.不做(本来应做的事);蹦跳着走
4.hire /haI / vt.租用
5.boil /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸
6.platform / pl tf m/ n.舞台;月台
7.outstanding /a t st ndI / adj.杰出的,优秀的
8.average / v rId / adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均数
[拓展单词·用活]
1.extreme /Ik stri m/ n.极端→extremely adv.极端地;很;极其
2.defensive /dI fensIv/ adj.戒备的,自卫的→defend vt.保卫;防御→defense n.保卫;防御
3.intensity /In tens ti/ n.强度;强烈→intense adj.很大的,十分强烈的
4.selfish / selfI / adj.自私的,自私自利的→self n.自我,自己→selfless adj.无私的
5.countless / ka ntl s/ adj.无数的,数不尽的→count v.数;重要→counter n.柜台;(电子)计数器
6.length /le θ/ n.长度→long adj.长的→lengthen vt.& vi.(使)变长
7.injured / Ind d/ adj.受伤的→injure vt.
损害;伤害→injury n.伤害;损害
8.normal / n m l/ adj.正常的,平常的→
normally adv.通常,正常情况下→
abnormal adj.反常的;变态的
[阅读单词·识记]
1.strive /straIv/ vi.努力;奋斗
2.encyclopaedia /In saIkl pi di / n.百科全书
3.academic / k demIk/ adj.学术的
4.element / el m nt/ n.基本部分;要素
5.workout / w ka t/ n.训练,锻炼
6.sacrifice / s kr faIs/ n.牺牲
7.triathlete /traI θli t/ n.铁人三项运动员
8.enormous /I n m s/ adj.巨大的,庞大的
9.rugby / r ɡbi/ n.(英式)橄榄球
10.apart / p t/ adj.& adv.分开;散开
[重点短语·再现]
1.in danger of 处于……危险中
2.apply oneself to sth 努力;专心致志于某事
3.set sb/sth apart 使与众不同
4.deep down 在心底;实际上
5.on a day to day basis 日常
6.boil down to sth 归结为;要点是
7.stay in 待在家里
8.strive for 为……而努力
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] 动作链描写
[教材原句] As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员,我错过生日聚会、毁掉了家庭假期、放弃夜晚外出,但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。
2.[句型公式] 情态动词+have done
[教材原句] I could have become angry or defensive.
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。
3.[句型公式] while表示对比
[教材原句] I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games.
十岁的时候,当别的孩子在游泳池戏水时,我会自己乘坐公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回。
4.[句型公式] 强调句型
[教材原句] If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
5.[句型公式] no matter what引导让步状语从句
[教材原句] Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.
你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
核心单词练透
1.ruin vt.毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏;使破产
教材原文 As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员,我错过生日聚会、毁掉了家庭假期、放弃夜晚外出,但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。
感知 语言先输入
①On returning to the town,they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins.
②The heavy rain brought our holiday to ruin.
③The old temple fell into ruin in the heavy rain.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)in ruins 破败不堪;严重受损
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭;毁坏
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭;使……没落;使……破产
(2)ruin sth/sb 毁坏某物/某人
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
[名师指津] 在“in+名词”类短语中,只有in ruins、in tears和in rags这三个短语中的名词用复数形式,其余均用单数形式,如in trouble、in danger、in anger、in need等。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
①The young man is an alcoholic,and he will ruin himself (he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
②Seeing our city in ruins,we buried our faces in our hands,bursting into tears.
看到我们的城市变成废墟,我们双手掩面,放声大哭起来。
③You can’t change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.(主旨升华)
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。
④Unluckily,the earthquake ruined the whole village.
→Unluckily,the whole village lay/was in ruins/fell into ruin after the earthquake.
2.apart adj.& adv.分开;散开
教材原文 If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
感知 语言先输入
①Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach,the forest was silent.
②His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.
③Ultimately,their country fell apart because of political conflicts.
记牢 知识再梳理
apart from 除……之外;除了……还
set...apart (from) 使……(与……)不同
fall apart 破碎;破裂;崩溃
take...apart 拆开
[名师指津] apart from作“除……以外”讲时,既可表示“包括”之意,相当于besides;也可表示“不包括”之意,相当于except;还可以表示在说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正,相当于except for。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Apart from the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.
②Her clear and elegant prose sets her apart from most other journalists.
她的散文凝练高雅,使得她与多数其他新闻工作者不同。
③Others fall apart under pressure,while a few people do well despite the pressure.
其他人在压力下崩溃了,而一些人尽管有压力却做得很好。
④When he saw the old clock,he took it apart,found what was wrong,and put the whole thing together again.(动作链描写)
当他看到那个旧钟时,他把它拆开,找出哪里出了问题,然后把整个钟重新组装起来。
3.injured adj.受伤的
教材原文 ...,even if it means getting injured,... ……,即使这意味着受伤,……
感知 语言先输入
①Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.
②He lost control of the car,crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)the injured 伤者;伤员
get/be injured 受伤
(2)injure vt. 伤害;损害
(3)injury n. 伤,损害
do sb an injury 伤害某人
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Doctors worked around the clock to save lives of the injured (injure) passengers.
②But now,because my left foot was/got injured in the football game,I cannot go with you as planned.
但现在,由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了,我不能像计划的那样和你一起去了。
③There’s no denying that the attack has done a severe injury to his reputation.
不可否认,这次攻击已经对他的名誉造成了严重的损害。
4.average adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均数
教材原文 ...I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.
……与其平平庸庸度过十年,我更愿意拥有三到四年的胜利辉煌。
感知 语言先输入
①All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes every day on average.
②Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at the screens.
③His academic performance is well above average,but he is still modest and helpful.(人物介绍)
记牢 知识再梳理
on average 平均来看
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
up to (the) average 达到平均水平
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子/完成语段
①Compared to younger generations,and so,on average,the world population becomes older than before.
②During the summer holiday,we can spend an average of three hours on a daily basis on online learning.
在暑假期间,我们可以平均每天花三个小时在线学习。
③The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher whose teaching level is far above average.He is of average height and wears a pair of glasses.(全国Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师,他的教学水平远远高于平均水平。他中等身高,戴着一副眼镜。
片段巩固(赛场上的拼搏) 用ruin;injury;injured;average完成心理、动作描写的片段
他在赛场上摔倒了,心中充满绝望。梦想在这一刻似乎被毁灭,身上的伤让他感到无比脆弱。观众的欢呼声渐渐远去,仿佛将他与成功的距离拉得越来越远。他知道,失败在成长的过程中是平常的,受伤的双脚都在提醒他,只有经历挫折,才能迎来真正的胜利。
He fell down on the field,filled with despair.At that moment,his dream 1.seemed to be ruined.2.The injury in his body made him feel incredibly weak.The cheers of the crowd faded,pulling him further from success.He knew 3.that failure is average in the process of growing up (宾语从句);4.the injured feet reminded him that only through setbacks 5.could he truly embrace victory(倒装句).
短语句式通关
1.apply oneself to sth努力;专心致志于某事
教材原文 Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
感知 语言先输入
①After applying a little ointment to his hand,Jeff soon applied himself to cleaning up the kitchen.(动作描写,新高考Ⅰ卷)
②I am writing to apply for a British Council scholarship to study in Britain.
记牢 知识再梳理
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply to 适用于;与……有关
apply...to... 把……运用到……;把……涂到……
[名师指津] 表示“专心于……”的动词短语还有:devote oneself to、occupy oneself in、absorb oneself in等。
运用 完成句子
①Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month,I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.
得知下个月美术馆将举办中国画展,我写信申请一个成为志愿者的机会。
②We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
我们必须把我们所学到的知识应用到我们的日常工作中,因为在任何情况下都不应该把理论与实践分开。
2.句型公式:the way作先行词的定语从句;no matter what引导让步状语从句
教材原文 Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
感知 语言先输入
①Can you tell me the way (that/which) you use to solve the problem
②Can you tell me the way (in which/that) you solve the problem
③No matter how many times I fail,I will pick myself up and keep trying.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)the way作先行词时,如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句;如果在定语从句中作状语,则用that或者in which 引导定语从句,关系词可以省略。
(2)no matter+疑问词(when/how/where/who/whom/what/which)可以引导让步状语从句,表示“不论……;无论……;不管……”,相当于疑问词+ever (whenever/however/wherever/whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever)。
运用 完成句子
①Frankly speaking,there are a wide range of ways that/which are of great benefit/very beneficial to our English learning,but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
坦率地说,有一系列对我们英语学习十分有益的方法,但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。
②I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way (that/in which) we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse.
我几乎要崩溃了,这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。
③Wherever/No matter where you go,whatever/no matter what you do,I’ll be right here waiting for you.
无论你身在何处,无论你为何忙碌,我都会在此守候。
3.句型公式:强调句型
教材原文 If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
感知 语言先输入
①It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued successfully.
②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
③Where was it that you found the library book
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)强调句型的陈述句:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分
(4)not...until...句型的强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分
[名师指津]
(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等,不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语强调时用“do/does/did+动词原形”(仅限于一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态)。
(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置,若句子完整,则为强调句。
运用 完成句子
①It was at the moment that he was discouraged like a deflated ball.(情绪描写)
就是在那一刻,他灰心丧气,像一个泄气的皮球。
②It was not until eleven o’clock that we finally reached the top of the mountain.
直到十一点钟,我们才最终到达山顶。
③It was the twins rather than their father that were taking the breakfast upstairs.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
送早餐上楼的是这对双胞胎,而不是他们的父亲。
④I do hope you will stay for supper.
我真的希望你能留下来吃晚饭。
⑤It was last Sunday that witnessed a 5 km cross country running race held by our school.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
上周日,我校举行了一场5公里越野赛。
⑥When was it that he started to do the project
他到底何时开始做这个项目的
⑦Was it in the office that he saw you just now
他刚才见你的地方是在办公室吗
片段巩固(坚持不懈迎接成功) 用apply oneself to;the way 作先行词的定语从句;no matter what引导让步状语从句;强调句型完成心理、动作描写的片段
他努力且专心致志于训练,尽管每一次失败都让他感到沮丧。无论遇到什么困难,他都不愿放弃。每一次跌倒,他都坚定地站起来,心中默念:“我成功的唯一方式就是坚持不懈。”他明白,只有经历挫折,他才能迎来真正的胜利。
He worked hard and 1.applied himself to training,even though each failure left him feeling frustrated.2.No matter what difficulties he faced,he refused to give up.Each time he fell,he stood up resolutely,reminding himself,“3.The only way I will succeed is through perseverance.” He understood that 4.it’s only by experiencing setbacks that he could truly win (强调句型).
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.(全国甲卷)n.参赛作品
2.Hearing the annoying news,he was boiling with rage.v.发怒
3.Humor makes average looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining.(江苏卷)adj.普通的
4.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.(北京卷)n.废墟
5.Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty,the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.n.出租
Ⅱ.选出skip的汉语意思
A.vi.蹦跳着走 B.vt.不做(本来应做的事);不参加 C.vt.跳过,略过 D.vt.悄悄溜走
1.Two hard workout days every week is enough.If you really hate to skip a day,you can plan easy exercises on other days.
(2023·浙江1月卷)C
2.The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion.D
3.Before one of these workouts,the men skipped breakfast,meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食).(江苏卷)B
4.She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news.A
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.This dictionary has over 30,000 entries (条目).
2.My life is ruined (毁掉) and I suppose I only have myself to blame.
3.She says nothing will do her more good than skipping (跳) rope.
4.They have suffered an enormous (巨大的) personal tragedy.
5.As you know,the university has a good academic (学术的) reputation all over the country.
6.If you have to climb up,use a firm platform / pl tf m/ or a ladder.
7.The average / v rId / price of goods rose by just 2.2%.
8.I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to hire a car.
9.As she waited for the water to boil,she walked into the living room.
10.Jiuzhaigou is a great attraction of outstanding natural beauty.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.I think I’ve been very selfish (self).I’ve been mainly concerned with myself.
2.It’s a useful introduction to an extremely (extreme) complex subject.
3.The whale grows to a length (long) of three or four meters.
4.The kind volunteer had countless (count) pleasant conversations with the students he transported to and from school.
5.Modern people are often defensive (defend) about their private lives.
6.He told us that a warm sea would change the intensity (intense) of hurricanes.
7.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,and his right leg got injured (injure) seriously.
8.The rainy season in the Andes normally (normal) starts in December.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
in danger of,apply oneself to,set...apart,stay in,boil down to,deep down
1.Shall we eat out or stay in It’s up to you.
2.His reasons for not wanting to go all boil down to the fact that he doesn’t have enough money.
3.I have so many friends,but deep down,I have a fear of loneliness.
4.After he retired,he would rather stay in applying himself to reading his favourite novels.
5.Her bright red scarf set her apart from the other girls.
6.Student will be in danger of getting expelled from school if he breaks school rules.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.The boys rushed excitedly to the pool,took off their clothes and jumped into the water.(动作链描写)
男孩子们兴奋地冲到泳池,脱下衣服,跳进了水里。
2.You could have done better,but you didn’t try your best.(情态动词+have done)
你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。
3.Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle.(while表示对比)
人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成,而快乐在于奋斗。
4.It was on the top of the mountain that we saw the sunrise.(强调句型)
我们是在山顶上看到日出的。
5.Call me when you get there,no matter what the time is.(no matter what...)
无论什么时间,你到了那儿就给我打电话。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
A
When we encounter a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm.However,substantial evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximize collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”.You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.Next,you pool them and share them among the group without:telling the authors.Then,each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation,the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions.Rather,they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas.A 24 year old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it’s too easy for participation to become one sided in favor of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room.It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn’t end there.Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone.That means they not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas.Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“书面头脑风暴法”。大量证据表明,与单纯的“头脑风暴”相比,“书面头脑风暴”可以最大限度地提高集体智慧,并挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力。
1.What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming
A.It highlights independent work.
B.It encourages group cooperation.
C.It prioritizes quality over quantity.
D.It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段可知,与头脑风暴相比,书面头脑风暴法的特别之处在于它强调独立工作,故选A项。]
2.Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3
A.To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting.
B.To praise a young man with brainwriting technique.
C.To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting.
D.To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
答案 C [写作目的题。根据第三段的首句“An example of great brainwriting...trapped underground in Chile.”可知,作者在本段提到智利的采矿事故是为了说明书面头脑风暴法的成功应用,故选C项。]
3.How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4
A.By blocking the loudest voices.
B.By allowing equal involvement.
C.By improving individual wisdom.
D.By generating more creative ideas.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They find that the key to...make the room smarter.”可知,书面头脑风暴法要求每个人都参与,贡献自己的智慧。因此,该方法是通过允许平等参与来提升集体智慧的,故选B项。]
4.What does the author suggest is necessary to identify the best ideas from a group’s brainstorming session in the last paragraph
A.Only focusing on the ideas generated by individuals.
B.Making sure that everyone has an equal chance to contribute.
C.Allowing each person to review ideas independently before discussing as a group.
D.Concentrating on the most unique suggestions put forward by the group.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Individuals produce a greater...bring out the best ideas!”可知,作者建议在作为一个团队讨论之前,每个人都应该有机会独立地评估不同观点,这样才能更有效地识别出最佳的观点,故选C项。]
B
Allow me to list the short lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn’t succeed,pottery,softball,violin and designing new style T shirts.Uncomfortable to ask for help,I’d rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.
Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything,because each experience is new.Adults,on the other hand,see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you’re at all like me,you protect yourself from this feeling and avoid hobbies that might show a lack of competence.
Although challenges can bring discomfort,we shouldn’t shy away from activities we enjoy simply because we aren’t great at them.As the season for new habits and hobbies comes,put your pride to one side,and embrace the challenge.
The way you think about your abilities can influence your performance.There are two ways people view success:fixed mindset and growth mindset.If you have a fixed mindset,you may believe you already have all the skills and abilities you will ever have and you may never improve with effort.Growth mindset is the belief that you can advance through hard work,support,and a different method.“To develop a growth mindset,remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor,you probably met challenges,” says Daya Grant,a mental performance coach.“Then you got better.As you learn and build skills,however slowly,celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn’t really matter to the brain how big or small it is.”
“But If you love the challenge,” Grant says,“or enjoy the hard work,accept the fact that you may be doing the thing,whether it’s dancing or playing the violin,well enough.” This reminder is one I’ll take with me as I start new projects that I might not be naturally good at.Catch me at a pottery wheel or playing my guitar in my bedroom.Or don’t.The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了面对挑战和失败会有的态度,并提出了转变思维方式才能更好地应对挑战的观点。
5.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To provide background information.
B.To bring about the topic of the passage.
C.To stress the importance of success.
D.To introduce his personal experience.
答案 B [写作目的题。第一段列举了作者曾经尝试过但很快放弃的爱好,目的是引出文章的主题,即面对挑战和失败的态度,故选B项。]
6.What does the underlined word “this feeling” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Feeling confident almost at everything.
B.Dropping a hobby rather than improving it.
C.Seeing anything that can’t do well as failure.
D.Avoiding hobbies showing a lack of abilities.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Babies and children feel challenged...you protect yourself from”可知,this feeling指的是成年人将不能很好地完成某事视为失败的感觉,故选C项。]
7.What does Daya Grant think is important in developing a growth mindset
A.Building practical and creative skills.
B.Asking for professional suggestions.
C.Having enough patience and confidence.
D.Developing a strong sense of competition.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“‘To develop a growth mindset...brain how big or small it is.’”可知,Daya Grant认为在培养成长型思维时,重要的是要有足够的耐心和信心,并庆祝每一个小的胜利,故选C项。]
8.What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A.He has developed his own ways of succeeding.
B.He has learned how to balance life and work.
C.He cares a lot about what others think of him.
D.He now learns how to embrace challenges.
答案 D [推理判断题。从最后一段“The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.”可以看出,作者现在学会了如何接受挑战,不再在意结果是否完美,故选D项。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in the yard,while we parents sat chatting.The barbecue had been cleared away when our host announced a(an) 1 .A huge movable rock wall was loaded in with indented footholds (凹陷的立足点) that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet.The 2 kids rushed towards the wall.They swiftly 3 to give it a try,and with the complete 4 most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point.There wasn’t really anything to be 5 of since they were belted into place.
“Come on,let’s go get in line,” my husband Neil 6 ,“No,you go ahead without me.” I had all sorts of good 7 :I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.I have a unique talent for 8 unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed 9 to me.I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally 10 myself to try it.
With all the 11 I could gather,I started the climb.The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to 12 .“Yes,” I thought,“this is safe!” I 13 made my way up,concentrating on each foothold.I 14 looking down to prevent any sudden fear,and finally I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
I enjoyed my success.It was such a relief that I 15 my fear and reached the goal.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在一次烧烤聚会后,作者克服恐惧成功爬上攀岩墙的故事。
1.A.game B.race
C.danger D.emergency
答案 A [根据后文“A huge movable rock wall...at least a hundred feet.”可知,此处指东道主为大家准备了一个攀爬岩石墙的游戏,故选A项。]
2.A.angry B.annoying
C.cautious D.enthusiastic
答案 D [根据后文“They swiftly to give...hung at the highest point.”可知,此处指这些孩子充满热情,迫不及待地要攀爬,故选D项。]
3.A.turned back B.ran around
C.moved off D.lined up
答案 D [根据空前“They swiftly”及空后“to give it a try”可知,此处指这些孩子迅速地排好队等着攀爬,故选D项。]
4.A.aimlessness B.carelessness
C.fearlessness D.restlessness
答案 C [根据空后“most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point”可知,此处指孩子们毫不畏惧地完成了整个攀爬过程,故选C项。]
5.A.aware B.proud
C.afraid D.ashamed
答案 C [根据下文“since they were belted into place”可知,此处指他们系着安全带,因此没什么可害怕的,故选C项。]
6.A.urged B.promised
C.complained D.whispered
答案 A [根据前文“Come on,let’s go get in line”可知,此处指作者的丈夫催促作者一起排队,故选A项。]
7.A.choices B.intentions
C.excuses D.experiences
答案 C [根据空后“I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,这些都是作者为不想攀爬所找的借口,故选C项。]
8.A.forgetting B.seeing
C.creating D.ignoring
答案 B [根据空后“unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed to me”可知,此处指作者擅长看到那些想不到的危险,故选B项。]
9.A.precious B.dangerous
C.interesting D.dull
答案 B [根据前文“‘No,you go ahead without me.’I had all sorts of good :I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,此处指作者害怕攀爬是因为觉得这种情境似乎对她有危险,故选B项。]
10.A.forced B.forbade
C.commanded D.persuaded
答案 D [根据空前“I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally”可知,此处指作者最终说服自己尝试一下,故选D项。]
11.A.courage B.wisdom
C.inspiration D.confusion
答案 A [根据空后“I could gather,I started the climb”可知,此处指作者鼓足勇气,开始攀爬,故选A项。]
12.A.move B.escape
C.fall D.ski
答案 C [根据前文“The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to”及后文“I thought,‘this is safe!’”可知,此处指有安全带是不可能掉落下来的,故选C项。]
13.A.immediately B.steadily
C.unwillingly D.hesitantly
答案 B [根据后文“concentrating on each foothold”可知,此处指作者稳步地向上爬,故选B项。]
14.A.kept B.tried
C.began D.avoided
答案 D [根据后文“to prevent any sudden panic”可知,此处指作者避免往下看,故选D项。]
15.A.doubted B.overcame
C.gained D.presented
答案 B [根据空后“my fear and reached the goal”可知,此处指作者克服了自己的恐惧,完成了目标,故选B项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine (北京绢人)”.In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1. entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost potentially the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and 2. (demand) handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 3. (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4. they needed:finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 5. (adapt) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes,6. (cut) the price to less than a tenth of the original one.However,7. (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole hearted devotion 8. the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 9. (call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 10. (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了非遗传承人唐燕放弃有前途的事业,投身于拯救濒临失传的“北京绢人”艺术的事迹,详细介绍了她在创业过程中所遇到的挑战和困难,以及所获成就。
1.an [考查冠词。year是可数名词单数,entire为元音音素开头,用不定冠词修饰,故填an。]
2.demanding [考查词性转换。空处需填入形容词作定语修饰名词短语handicraft techniques,需要的词义为“要求高的”,故填demanding。]
3.drove [考查动词的时态。本句是but连接的并列句,drive作后句的谓语动词,根据前文的“were amazed”可知该句在叙述过去发生的事,应用drive的一般过去时,故填drove。]
4.what [考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,从句中needed缺少宾语,且意义为“……的事物”,故填what。]
5.adaptations [考查词性转换和名词的单复数。此处应填名词作宾语,需要的词义为“改造”,根据many可知,adaptation应用复数形式,故填adaptations。]
6.cutting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,cut在句子中不作为谓语动词使用,它和“She made many creative and bold...to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes”之间为主动关系,因此使用动词 ing形式作状语,故填cutting。]
7.to lend [考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词preserved,所以lend用非谓语形式,此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语,故填to lend。]
8.to [考查介词。固定搭配devotion to意为“献身于”,故填to。]
9.were called [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。call作本句谓语动词,它和主语dolls(复数意义)之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据前文的was可知用一般过去时,故填were called。]
10.bearing [考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词wanted,所以bear用非谓语形式,它和逻辑主语dolls之间是主谓关系,用动词 ing形式作后置定语,故填bearing。](共102张PPT)
Part 2 Language Points
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
必 备 知 识 自 测
1. / entri/ n.条目
2. / ru In/ vt.毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏
3. /skIp/ vt.不做(本来应做的事);蹦跳着走
4. /haI / vt.租用
5. /b Il/ vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸
6. / pl tf m/ n.舞台;月台
7. /a t st ndI / adj.杰出的, 优秀的
8. / v rId / adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均数
[核心单词·练通]
entry
ruin
skip
hire
boil
platform
outstanding
average
[拓展单词·用活]
1. /Ik stri m/ n.极端→ extremely adv.极端地;很;极其
2. /dI fensIv/ adj.戒备的,自卫的→defend vt.保卫;防御→defense n.保卫;防御
3. /In tens ti/ n.强度;强烈→intense adj.很大的,十分强烈的
4. / selfI / adj.自私的,自私自利的→self n.自我,自己→selfless adj.无私的
extreme
defensive
intensity
selfish
5. / ka ntl s/ adj.无数的,数不尽的→count v.数;重要→counter n.柜台;(电子)计数器
6. /le θ/ n.长度→long adj.长的→lengthen vt.& vi.(使)变长
7. / Ind d/ adj.受伤的→ injure vt.损害;伤害→injury n.伤害;损害
8. / n m l/ adj.正常的,平常的→normally adv.通常,正常情况下→ abnormal adj.反常的;变态的
countless
length
injured
normal
[阅读单词·识记]
1.strive /straIv/ vi.
2.encyclopaedia /In saIkl pi di / n.
3.academic / k demIk/ adj.
4.element / el m nt/ n.
5.workout / w ka t/ n.
6.sacrifice / s kr faIs/ n.
努力;奋斗
百科全书
学术的
基本部分;要素
训练,锻炼
牺牲
7.triathlete /traI θli t/ n.
8.enormous /I n m s/ adj.
9.rugby / r ɡbi/ n.
10.apart / pa t/ adj.& adv.
铁人三项运动员
巨大的,庞大的
(英式)橄榄球
分开;散开
[重点短语·再现]
1. 处于……危险中
2. 努力;专心致志于某事
3. 使与众不同
4. 在心底;实际上
5.on a day-to-day basis
6.boil down to sth
7.stay in
8.strive for
in danger of
apply oneself to sth
set sb/sth apart
deep down
日常
归结为;要点是
待在家里
为……而努力
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] 动作链描写
[教材原句] As one of the Olympic athletes,I
,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员,我错过生日聚会、毁掉了家庭假期、放弃夜晚外出,但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。
miss birthday
parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out
2.[句型公式] 情态动词+have done
[教材原句] I
or defensive.
我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。
could have become angry
3.[句型公式] while表示对比
[教材原句] I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool .
十岁的时候,当别的孩子在游泳池戏水时,我会自己乘坐公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回。
while other kids played pool games
4.[句型公式] 强调句型
[教材原句] If you want to be an Olympic champion,
will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your
preparation that
5.[句型公式] no matter what引导让步状语从句
[教材原句] Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,
.
你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
no matter what it is I’m applying myself to
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
短语句式通关
1.ruin vt.毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏;使破产
教材原文 As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作为一名奥林匹克运动员,我错过生日聚会、毁掉了家庭假期、放弃夜晚外出,但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。
感知 语言先输入
①On returning to the town,they were shocked to find their neighborhood in ruins.
②The heavy rain brought our holiday to ruin.
③The old temple fell into ruin in the heavy rain.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)in ruins 破败不堪;严重受损
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭;毁坏
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭;使……没落;使……破产
(2)ruin sth/sb 毁坏某物/某人
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
[名师指津] 在“in+名词”类短语中,只有in ruins、in tears和in rags这三个短语中的名词用复数形式,其余均用单数形式,如in trouble、in danger、in anger、in need等。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
①The young man is an alcoholic,and he will ruin (he) by drinking too much sooner or later.
himself
② ,we buried our faces in our hands,bursting into tears.
看到我们的城市变成废墟,我们双手掩面,放声大哭起来。
③You can’t change the past,but you can
by worrying about the future.(主旨升华)
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。
④Unluckily,the earthquake ruined the whole village.
→Unluckily,the whole village
after the earthquake.
Seeing our city in ruins
ruin the present
lay/was in ruins/fell into ruin
2.apart adj.& adv.分开;散开
教材原文 If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
感知 语言先输入
①Apart from an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach,the forest was silent.
②His use of language set him apart from most other modern writers.
③Ultimately,their country fell apart because of political conflicts.
记牢 知识再梳理
apart from 除……之外;除了……还
set...apart (from) 使……(与……)不同
fall apart 破碎;破裂;崩溃
take...apart 拆开
[名师指津] apart from作“除……以外”讲时,既可表示“包括”之意,相当于besides;也可表示“不包括”之意,相当于except;还可以表示在说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正,相当于except for。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Apart the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.
②Her clear and elegant prose
.
她的散文凝练高雅,使得她与多数其他新闻工作者不同。
③ ,while a few people do well despite the pressure.
其他人在压力下崩溃了,而一些人尽管有压力却做得很好。
from
sets her apart from most
other journalists
Others fall apart under pressure
④When he saw the old clock, ,
found what was wrong,and put the whole thing together again.
(动作链描写)
当他看到那个旧钟时,他把它拆开,找出哪里出了问题,然后把整个钟重新组装起来。
he took it apart
3.injured adj.受伤的
教材原文 ...,even if it means getting injured,...
……,即使这意味着受伤,……
感知 语言先输入
①Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.
②He lost control of the car,crashed into the truck and got seriously injured.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)the injured 伤者;伤员
get/be injured 受伤
(2)injure vt. 伤害;损害
(3)injury n. 伤,损害
do sb an injury 伤害某人
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Doctors worked around the clock to save lives of the _____________
(injure) passengers.
②But now,because my left foot ,
I cannot go with you as planned.
但现在,由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了,我不能像计划的那样和你一起去了。
injured
was/got injured in the football game
③There’s no denying that the attack
his reputation.
不可否认,这次攻击已经对他的名誉造成了严重的损害。
has done a severe injury to
4.average adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的 n.平均水平;平均数
教材原文 ...I’d prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff rather than have ten years of being average.……与其平平庸庸度过十年,我更愿意拥有三到四年的胜利辉煌。
感知 语言先输入
①All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes every day on average.
②Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at the screens.
③His academic performance is well above average,but he is still modest and helpful.(人物介绍)
记牢 知识再梳理
on average 平均来看
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
up to (the) average 达到平均水平
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子/完成语段
①Compared to younger generations,and so, average, the world population becomes older than before.
②During the summer holiday,we can spend _____________________
on a daily basis on online learning.
在暑假期间,我们可以平均每天花三个小时在线学习。
on
an average of three hours
③The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher whose teaching level . He
and wears a pair of glasses.(全国Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师,他的教学水平远远高于平均水平。他中等身高,戴着一副眼镜。
is far above average
is of average height
片段巩固(赛场上的拼搏)
用ruin;injury;injured;average完成心理、动作描写的片段
他在赛场上摔倒了,心中充满绝望。梦想在这一刻似乎被毁灭,身上的伤让他感到无比脆弱。观众的欢呼声渐渐远去,仿佛将他与成功的距离拉得越来越远。他知道,失败在成长的过程中是平常的,受伤的双脚都在提醒他,只有经历挫折,才能迎来真正的胜利。
He fell down on the field,filled with despair.At that moment,his dream 1. . 2. made him feel incredibly weak.The cheers of the crowd faded,pulling him further from success.He knew 3. (宾语从句);4.
reminded him that only through setbacks 5. (倒装句).
seemed to be ruined
The injury in his body
that failure is average in the
process of growing up
the injured feet
could he truly
embrace victory
1.apply oneself to sth努力;专心致志于某事
教材原文 Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
感知 语言先输入
①After applying a little ointment to his hand,Jeff soon applied himself to cleaning up the kitchen.(动作描写,新高考Ⅰ卷)
②I am writing to apply for a British Council scholarship to study in Britain.
记牢 知识再梳理
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply to 适用于;与……有关
apply...to... 把……运用到……;把……涂到……
[名师指津] 表示“专心于……”的动词短语还有:devote oneself to、occupy oneself in、absorb oneself in等。
运用 完成句子
①Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month,I am writing
.
得知下个月美术馆将举办中国画展,我写信申请一个成为志愿者的机会。
②We must our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
我们必须把我们所学到的知识应用到我们的日常工作中,因为在任何情况下都不应该把理论与实践分开。
to apply for the chance to
become a volunteer
apply what we have learned to
2.句型公式:the way作先行词的定语从句;no matter what引导让步状语从句
教材原文 Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
感知 语言先输入
①Can you tell me the way (that/which) you use to solve the problem
②Can you tell me the way (in which/that) you solve the problem
③No matter how many times I fail,I will pick myself up and keep trying.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)the way作先行词时,如果在定语从句中作主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句;如果在定语从句中作状语,则用that或者in which 引导定语从句,关系词可以省略。
(2)no matter+疑问词(when/how/where/who/whom/what/which)可以引导让步状语从句,表示“不论……;无论……;不管……”,相当于疑问词+ever (whenever/however/wherever/whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever)。
运用 完成句子
①Frankly speaking,there are a wide range of ways
our English learning, but it is of great significance to find one that suits you best.
坦率地说,有一系列对我们英语学习十分有益的方法,但是找到最适合你的是非常重要的。
that/which are of great benefit/very beneficial to
②I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my dad came up with a good way
.
我几乎要崩溃了,这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。
③ , I’ll be right here waiting for you.
无论你身在何处,无论你为何忙碌,我都会在此守候。
(that/in which) we could return to my
uncle’s farmhouse
Wherever/No matter where you go,whatever/no matter
what you do
3.句型公式:强调句型
教材原文 If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
如果你想成为奥运冠军,就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点,它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
感知 语言先输入
①It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued successfully.
②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
③Where was it that you found the library book
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)强调句型的陈述句:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部分
(4)not...until...句型的强调句型:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分
[名师指津]
(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等,不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语强调时用“do/does/did+动词原形”(仅限于一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态)。
(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置,若句子完整,则为强调句。
运用 完成句子
① he was discouraged like a deflated ball.(情绪描写)
就是在那一刻,他灰心丧气,像一个泄气的皮球。
② we finally reached the top of the mountain.
直到十一点钟,我们才最终到达山顶。
It was at the moment that
It was not until eleven o’clock that
③ were taking the breakfast upstairs.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
送早餐上楼的是这对双胞胎,而不是他们的父亲。
④ for supper.
我真的希望你能留下来吃晚饭。
⑤ witnessed a 5 km cross-country running race held by our school.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
上周日,我校举行了一场5公里越野赛。
It was the twins rather than their father that
I do hope you will stay
It was last Sunday that
⑥ he started to do the project
他到底何时开始做这个项目的
⑦ he saw you just now
他刚才见你的地方是在办公室吗
Was it in the office that
When was it that
片段巩固(坚持不懈迎接成功)
用apply oneself to;the way 作先行词的定语从句;no matter what引导让步状语从句;强调句型完成心理、动作描写的片段
他努力且专心致志于训练,尽管每一次失败都让他感到沮丧。无论遇到什么困难,他都不愿放弃。每一次跌倒,他都坚定地站起来,心中默念:“我成功的唯一方式就是坚持不懈。”他明白,只有经历挫折,他才能迎来真正的胜利。
He worked hard and 1. ,even though each failure left him feeling frustrated.2. , he refused to give up.Each time he fell,he stood up resolutely,reminding himself,“3.
is through perseverance.” He understood that 4. he could truly win (强调句型).
applied himself to training
No matter what
difficulties he faced
The only way I will succeed
it’s only by
experiencing setbacks that
Ⅰ.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
1.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.(全国甲卷)
2.Hearing the annoying news,he was boiling with rage.
3.Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining.(江苏卷)
n.参赛作品
v.发怒
adj.普通的
4.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.(北京卷)
5.Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty,the number of boats available for hire on the river is limited.
n.废墟
n.出租
Ⅱ.选出skip的汉语意思
A.vi.蹦跳着走 B.vt.不做(本来应做的事);不参加 C.vt.跳过,略过
D.vt.悄悄溜走
1.Two hard workout days every week is enough.If you really hate to skip a day,you can plan easy exercises on other days.
(2023·浙江1月卷)
2.The bombers skipped the country shortly after the explosion.
C
D
3.Before one of these workouts,the men skipped breakfast,meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食).(江苏卷)
4.She skipped happily along beside me when I told her the good news.
B
A
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.This dictionary has over 30,000 (条目).
2.My life is (毁掉) and I suppose I only have myself to blame.
3.She says nothing will do her more good than (跳) rope.
4.They have suffered an (巨大的) personal tragedy.
entries
ruined
skipping
enormous
5.As you know,the university has a good (学术的) reputation all over the country.
6.If you have to climb up,use a firm / pl tf m/ or a ladder.
7.The / v rId / price of goods rose by just 2.2%.
8.I took my driving license with me on holiday,in case I wanted to
h a car.
academic
platform
average
ire
9.As she waited for the water to b ,she walked into the living room.
10.Jiuzhaigou is a great attraction of o natural beauty.
oil
utstanding
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.I think I’ve been very (self).I’ve been mainly concerned with myself.
2.It’s a useful introduction to an (extreme) complex subject.
3.The whale grows to a (long) of three or four meters.
4.The kind volunteer had (count) pleasant conversations with the students he transported to and from school.
selfish
extremely
length
countless
5.Modern people are often (defend) about their private lives.
6.He told us that a warm sea would change the _________________
(intense) of hurricanes.
7.Last term,my father met with a traffic accident,and his right leg got (injure) seriously.
8.The rainy season in the Andes (normal) starts in December.
defensive
intensity
injured
normally
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
in danger of,apply oneself to,set...apart,stay in,boil down to,deep down
1.Shall we eat out or It’s up to you.
2.His reasons for not wanting to go all the fact that he doesn’t have enough money.
3.I have so many friends,but , I have a fear of loneliness.
stay in
boil down to
deep down
4.After he retired,he would rather stay in _____________________
reading his favourite novels.
5.Her bright red scarf her from the other girls.
6.Student will be getting expelled from school if he breaks school rules.
applying himself to
set
apart
in danger of
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.The boys .(动作链描写)
男孩子们兴奋地冲到泳池,脱下衣服,跳进了水里。
2. ,but you didn’t try your best.(情态动词+have done)
你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。
rushed excitedly to the pool,took off their clothes
and jumped into the water
You could have done better
3.Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow
. (while表示对比)
人生主要由快乐和悲伤组成,而快乐在于奋斗。
4. we saw the sunrise.
我们是在山顶上看到日出的。(强调句型)
5.Call me when you get there, .
无论什么时间,你到了那儿就给我打电话。(no matter what...)
while happiness consists in struggle
It was on the top of the mountain that
no matter what the time is
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
A
When we encounter a troublesome problem,we often gather a group to brainstorm.However,substantial evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together,we fail to maximize collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams,we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”.You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately.Next,you pool them and share them among the group without:telling the authors.Then,each member evaluates them on his or her own,only after which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options.By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them,the team can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile.Given the urgency of the situation, the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions. Rather,they established a global brainwriting system to generate individual ideas. A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners,making it possible to save them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works.They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.In brainstorming meetings,it’s too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices.The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation.The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room.It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity,but it doesn’t end there.Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone.That means they not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore,it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“书面头脑风暴法”。大量证据表明,与单纯的“头脑风暴”相比,“书面头脑风暴”可以最大限度地提高集体智慧,并挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力。
1.What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming
A.It highlights independent work.
B.It encourages group cooperation.
C.It prioritizes quality over quantity.
D.It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,与头脑风暴相比,书面头脑风暴法的特别之处在于它强调独立工作,故选A项。
√
2.Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3
A.To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting.
B.To praise a young man with brainwriting technique.
C.To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting.
D.To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
解析 写作目的题。根据第三段的首句“An example of great brainwriting...trapped underground in Chile.”可知,作者在本段提到智利的采矿事故是为了说明书面头脑风暴法的成功应用,故选C项。
√
3.How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4
A.By blocking the loudest voices.
B.By allowing equal involvement.
C.By improving individual wisdom.
D.By generating more creative ideas.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They find that the key to...make the room smarter.”可知,书面头脑风暴法要求每个人都参与,贡献自己的智慧。因此,该方法是通过允许平等参与来提升集体智慧的,故选B项。
√
4.What does the author suggest is necessary to identify the best ideas from a group’s brainstorming session in the last paragraph
A.Only focusing on the ideas generated by individuals.
B.Making sure that everyone has an equal chance to contribute.
C.Allowing each person to review ideas independently before discussing as a group.
D.Concentrating on the most unique suggestions put forward by the group.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Individuals produce a greater...bring out the best ideas!”可知,作者建议在作为一个团队讨论之前,每个人都应该有机会独立地评估不同观点,这样才能更有效地识别出最佳的观点,故选C项。
B
Allow me to list the short-lived hobbies I started and quickly gave up when I didn’t succeed,pottery,softball,violin and designing new-style T-shirts.Uncomfortable to ask for help,I’d rather drop a hobby than give myself time to improve.Being challenged can make me angry sometimes.
Babies and children feel challenged almost at everything,because each experience is new.Adults,on the other hand,see anything less than doing really well as failure.If you’re at all like me,you protect yourself from this feeling and avoid hobbies that might show a lack of competence.
Although challenges can bring discomfort,we shouldn’t shy away from activities we enjoy simply because we aren’t great at them.As the season for new habits and hobbies comes,put your pride to one side,and embrace the challenge.
The way you think about your abilities can influence your performance.There are two ways people view success:fixed mindset and growth mindset.If you have a fixed mindset,you may believe you already have all the skills and abilities you will ever have and you may never improve with effort.Growth mindset is the belief that you can advance through hard work,support,and a different method.“To develop a growth mindset,remind yourself that the first time you began any endeavor,you probably met challenges,” says Daya Grant,a mental performance coach.“Then you got better.As you learn and build skills,however slowly,celebrate those little wins.A win is a win.It doesn’t really matter to the brain how big or small it is.”
“But If you love the challenge,” Grant says,“or enjoy the hard work,accept the fact that you may be doing the thing,whether it’s dancing or playing the violin,well enough.” This reminder is one I’ll take with me as I start new projects that I might not be naturally good at.Catch me at a pottery wheel or playing my guitar in my bedroom.Or don’t.The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了面对挑战和失败会有的态度,并提出了转变思维方式才能更好地应对挑战的观点。
5.What’s the function of the first paragraph
A.To provide background information.
B.To bring about the topic of the passage.
C.To stress the importance of success.
D.To introduce his personal experience.
解析 写作目的题。第一段列举了作者曾经尝试过但很快放弃的爱好,目的是引出文章的主题,即面对挑战和失败的态度,故选B项。
√
6.What does the underlined word “this feeling” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Feeling confident almost at everything.
B.Dropping a hobby rather than improving it.
C.Seeing anything that can’t do well as failure.
D.Avoiding hobbies showing a lack of abilities.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Babies and children feel challenged...you protect yourself from”可知,this feeling指的是成年人将不能很好地完成某事视为失败的感觉,故选C项。
√
7.What does Daya Grant think is important in developing a growth mindset
A.Building practical and creative skills.
B.Asking for professional suggestions.
C.Having enough patience and confidence.
D.Developing a strong sense of competition.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“‘To develop a growth mindset...brain how big or small it is.’”可知,Daya Grant认为在培养成长型思维时,重要的是要有足够的耐心和信心,并庆祝每一个小的胜利,故选C项。
√
8.What can we learn about the author from the last paragraph
A.He has developed his own ways of succeeding.
B.He has learned how to balance life and work.
C.He cares a lot about what others think of him.
D.He now learns how to embrace challenges.
解析 推理判断题。从最后一段“The results may not be pretty—and I do not care.”可以看出,作者现在学会了如何接受挑战,不再在意结果是否完美,故选D项。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
A dozen children ran around laughing and playing in the yard,while we parents sat chatting.The barbecue had been cleared away when our host announced a(an) 1 .A huge movable rock wall was loaded in with indented footholds (凹陷的立足点) that stretched straight up for what looked like at least a hundred feet.The 2 kids rushed towards the wall.They swiftly 3 to give it a try,and with the complete 4 most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point.There wasn’t really anything to be 5 of since they were belted into place.
“Come on,let’s go get in line,” my husband Neil 6 ,“No,you go ahead without me.” I had all sorts of good 7 :I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.I have a unique talent for 8 unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed 9 to me.I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally 10 myself to try it.
With all the 11 I could gather,I started the climb.The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to 12 .“Yes,” I thought,“this is safe!” I 13 made my way up,concentrating on each foothold.I 14 looking down to prevent any sudden fear,and finally I made it to the top and proudly rang the bell.
I enjoyed my success.It was such a relief that I 15 my fear and reached the goal.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在一次烧烤聚会后,作者克服恐惧成功爬上攀岩墙的故事。
1.A.game B.race C.danger D.emergency
解析 根据后文“A huge movable rock wall...at least a hundred feet.”可知,此处指东道主为大家准备了一个攀爬岩石墙的游戏,故选A项。
2.A.angry B.annoying C.cautious D.enthusiastic
解析 根据后文“They swiftly to give...hung at the highest point.”可知,此处指这些孩子充满热情,迫不及待地要攀爬,故选D项。
√
√
3.A.turned back B.ran around C.moved off D.lined up
解析 根据空前“They swiftly”及空后“to give it a try”可知,此处指这些孩子迅速地排好队等着攀爬,故选D项。
4.A.aimlessness B.carelessness C.fearlessness D.restlessness
解析 根据空后“most children have,climbed to the top and rang the bell that hung at the highest point”可知,此处指孩子们毫不畏惧地完成了整个攀爬过程,故选C项。
√
√
5.A.aware B.proud C.afraid D.ashamed
解析 根据下文“since they were belted into place”可知,此处指他们系着安全带,因此没什么可害怕的,故选C项。
6.A.urged B.promised C.complained D.whispered
解析 根据前文“Come on,let’s go get in line”可知,此处指作者的丈夫催促作者一起排队,故选A项。
√
√
7.A.choices B.intentions C.excuses D.experiences
解析 根据空后“I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,这些都是作者为不想攀爬所找的借口,故选C项。
8.A.forgetting B.seeing C.creating D.ignoring
解析 根据空后“unthinkable danger in almost every situation,and this scene seemed to me”可知,此处指作者擅长看到那些想不到的危险,故选B项。
√
√
9.A.precious B.dangerous C.interesting D.dull
解析 根据前文“‘No,you go ahead without me.’I had all sorts of good :I didn’t have the right shoes;I forgot my sunglasses.”可知,此处指作者害怕攀爬是因为觉得这种情境似乎对她有危险,故选B项。
10.A.forced B.forbade C.commanded D.persuaded
解析 根据空前“I watched everyone else having fun,though,and finally”可知,此处指作者最终说服自己尝试一下,故选D项。
√
√
11.A.courage B.wisdom C.inspiration D.confusion
解析 根据空后“I could gather,I started the climb”可知,此处指作者鼓足勇气,开始攀爬,故选A项。
12.A.move B.escape C.fall D.ski
解析 根据前文“The belt wrapped around me so there was no way to”及后文“I thought,‘this is safe!’”可知,此处指有安全带是不可能掉落下来的,故选C项。
√
√
13.A.immediately B.steadily C.unwillingly D.hesitantly
解析 根据后文“concentrating on each foothold”可知,此处指作者稳步地向上爬,故选B项。
14.A.kept B.tried C.began D.avoided
解析 根据后文“to prevent any sudden panic”可知,此处指作者避免往下看,故选D项。
√
√
15.A.doubted B.overcame C.gained D.presented
解析 根据空后“my fear and reached the goal”可知,此处指作者克服了自己的恐惧,完成了目标,故选B项。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine (北京绢人)”.In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1._____ entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost potentially the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and 2. (demand) handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 3. (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4. they needed:finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 5.________ (adapt) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes,6. (cut) the price to less than a tenth of the original one.However,7. (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 8. the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 9.________ (call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued. “I wanted to create dolls 10. (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了非遗传承人唐燕放弃有前途的事业,投身于拯救濒临失传的“北京绢人”艺术的事迹,详细介绍了她在创业过程中所遇到的挑战和困难,以及所获成就。
1.an [考查冠词。year是可数名词单数,entire为元音音素开头,用不定冠词修饰,故填an。]
2.demanding [考查词性转换。空处需填入形容词作定语修饰名词短语handicraft techniques,需要的词义为“要求高的”,故填demanding。]
3.drove [考查动词的时态。本句是but连接的并列句,drive作后句的谓语动词,根据前文的“were amazed”可知该句在叙述过去发生的事,应用drive的一般过去时,故填drove。]
4.what [考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,从句中needed缺少宾语,且意义为“……的事物”,故填what。]
5.adaptations [考查词性转换和名词的单复数。此处应填名词作宾语,需要的词义为“改造”,根据many可知,adaptation应用复数形式,故填adaptations。]
6.cutting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,cut在句子中不作为谓语动词使用,它和“She made many creative and bold...to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes”之间为主动关系,因此使用动词-ing形式作状语,故填cutting。]
7.to lend [考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词preserved,所以lend用非谓语形式,此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语,故填to lend。]
8.to [考查介词。固定搭配devotion to意为“献身于”,故填to。]
9.were called [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。call作本句谓语动词,它和主语dolls(复数意义)之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据前文的was可知用一般过去时,故填were called。]
10.bearing [考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词wanted,所以bear用非谓语形式,它和逻辑主语dolls之间是主谓关系,用动词-ing形式作后置定语,故填bearing。]Part 3 Grammar (2)——冠词
冠 词 分 类 不定冠词a,an
定冠词the
零冠词
用 法 不定冠词的用法
定冠词的用法
零冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,置于名词前,是名词的一种标志,它不能脱离名词独立存在,也不能单独作句子成分。英语中冠词有三个,分别是不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。有时名词前不用冠词称为零冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法
1.不定冠词泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个,也可表示数量“一”或价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。
We’re renting a car and driving!(人教必一U2)
我们要租一辆车来开!
I have been trying to phone you since this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.(人教选三U4)
从今天早上起我就一直在给你打电话。我打了十几次才发现你在这里。
2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。
As many of the visitors said,the exhibition was unforgettable and worth a second visit.
正如许多游客所说,这次展览令人难忘并值得再去一次。
3.用于具体化的抽象名词前或由动词转化而来的名词前。
What a surprise it would be if Jules were on that one! Eh (人教必三U5)
要是于勒在这条船上,该有多好呀!是不
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰苦的日子里,能够买一瓶饮料也是件令人宽慰的事。
4.用于某些物质名词前,表示“一阵,一场,一份”等。
All of a sudden,there was a loud knock outside.
突然,门外有一阵响亮的敲门声。
Hit by a heavy rainstorm,the town was flooded.
遭遇了一场严重的暴雨,这座城镇被淹了。
5.用于姓名或“Mr./Mrs./Miss./Ms.+姓氏”前,相当于a certain,意为“某个”“一个”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr.Brown.
隔壁的房子已经被一位叫布朗的先生买走了。
A Mr.Johnson came to see you while you were out.
你不在时有位叫约翰逊的先生来看你。
6.含不定冠词的固定短语
as a result 结果;as a whole总体上;at a loss 不知所措;in a way 在某种程度上;in a word 总之;in a hurry 匆忙
[对点练1] 完成句子
①Last week our class organized an activity (组织了一次活动) to thank our teachers before graduation.
②In my opinion,taking/having a break (休息一会) between classes is necessary.
③On half way to school,I was caught in a heavy/big rain (困在一场大雨里).
④Our school sports meeting is a great success (一次巨大的成功).
⑤Never have I met so kind a teacher/such a kind teacher (一位如此善良的老师) like him.
二、定冠词的用法
1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到过的人或物)以及谈话双方都知道的人或物。
My parents are taking me to Hong Kong during the October holiday.(人教必一U2)
我的父母要在十月假期带我去香港。
I’m bringing my own lunch.I think some of the others are eating at the park,but the food there is really expensive.(人教必一U2)
我要自己带午餐。我觉得其他人中有些会在公园吃饭,但那里的食物实在很贵。
2.用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
Kate was surprised by the sight of the Kongming lanterns flying up into the sky.(人教必三U1)
凯特看到孔明灯飞上天空的景象感到十分惊奇。
3.用于形容词、副词最高级,序数词或方位词之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
这是该国南部城市首次经历最严重的降雨。
4.用于姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世纪70年代去加利福尼亚州寻找财富。
5.用于单数名词前表示类别。
The lion is a fierce animal,which is also in danger of dying out.
狮子是一种凶猛的动物,同时也是一种面临灭绝危险的动物。
6.用在形容词或形容词化的过去分词前,表示一类人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.
据报道,伤者已被送往医院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事实上,富人并不总是比穷人幸福。
7.用于西洋乐器名词前。
I never thought I was very talented at anything to do with music,but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six.(人教必二U5)
我从来不认为我在音乐方面有什么天赋,但我父母在我六岁的时候想让我学习弹钢琴。
8.用于整十复数数词或表示年代、世纪、朝代的词前。
In the 1940s,the Americans and the British stationed in New Zealand during the war discovered this amazing fruit.(人教选四U2)
20世纪40年代,战争期间驻扎在新西兰的美国人和英国人发现了这种神奇的水果。
9.含定冠词的固定短语
at the same time同时;by the day按天(计);by the way顺便说;in the distance在远处;on the other hand另一方面;on the phone在电话里;to tell the truth说实话
[对点练2] 完成句子
①He took part in the English Speech Contest and won the first prize (获得一等奖).
②I was caught in heavy traffic and late when I got to the office (到达办公室).
③He gave away large amounts of money to help the poor (穷人).
④Do you know when the television was invented (电视机被发明)
⑤The old scientist was born in the 1930s (出生于20世纪30年代).
三、零冠词的用法
1.表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前不用冠词。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow for most of the year.(人教必二U5)
这座山顶一年中大部分时间都被雪覆盖。
2.球类、棋类和游戏名词前不用冠词。
Then we can play football,can’t we (人教必一U3)
那我们可以踢足球了,不是吗
3.作表语、补语、同位语的职位名词前不用冠词。
They elected Henry president of the association because of his great ability.
他们选举亨利为社团主席是由于他出众的能力。
I’m Li Ming,chairman of the school Student Union.
我是李明,校学生会主席。
4.非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名称前不用冠词。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人们必须在六月底之前完成该项目。
I’m picking up package from the post office after lunch.(人教必一U2)
午饭后我要去邮局取包裹。
5.不用冠词(零冠词)的固定短语
at present目前;at risk处于危险中;by hand用手;by weight按重量;by chance偶然;by plane乘飞机;by mistake错误地;in trouble在困境中;in need需要;in advance提前;under repair在修理中;lose heart灰心
6.注意几组短语的区别
at table就餐;at the table在桌旁
by sea乘船;by the sea在海边
in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院
in charge of管理……;in the charge of在……管理下
[对点练3] 完成句子
①Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers’ Day (在教师节那天).
②The old men were playing chess (下棋) when I got there.
③He was elected monitor (被选为班长) of our class.
④ I’m looking after his affairs while he’s in hospital (他住院时).
维度一 基础填空题(选词填空)(每小题1分,共10分)
a an the /
1.I’d like to play a musical instrument.
2.Can you play / tennis
3.I can play the guitar and drums.
4.My grandpa is good at playing / Chinese chess.
5.They want to start an art club.
6.This is an old kite and that is a new kite.
7.I have an orange.It’s a big orange.
8.The Great Wall is the longest wall all over the world.It’s in / China.
9.This is an old book.But it is a useful book.
10.I usually have / dinner at 6:30 pm.Then I go for a walk with my parents.
维度二 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.In space,where the effect of gravity is slight,things change,and they do so quite strongly.
2.Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe,it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth.
3.In a sense,the collaboration between universities and industries accelerates technological innovation.
4.Meanwhile,the effectiveness of acupuncture (针灸) and herbs is also well proved by scientific evidence.
5.For people there,a small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different dishes.
6.Back in the 1990s,the city’s unique geography forced Chongqing’s transport authorities to seek an alternative to conventional subway trains.
7.Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people.
8.Many of us might not give a second thought to dropping a small piece of litter.
9.Flossie,a cat from the UK,which was born on December 29,1995,holds the title of the oldest living cat.
10.Horse drawn chariots were common in ancient China,but a sheep drawn chariot is an extremely rare find.
维度三 语法与写作(每小题2分,共20分)
1.Eating mooncakes during the Mid Autumn Festival is a traditional custom that symbolizes family reunion and completeness.
中秋节吃月饼是一种象征家人团聚和圆满的传统习俗。
2.I came across the old photos the other day.
不久前某一天,我偶然发现了这些旧照片。
3.I think it’s pretty important to keep the balance between working and playing.
我认为保持工作和娱乐之间的平衡是很重要的。
4.Her father carried a heavy burden of responsibility when she was young.
在她小时候,她父亲肩负着重大责任。
5.I’ve got a horrible feeling as she lied to us.
我感觉到很不愉快,因为她对我们说了谎。
6.The guards outside the tent exchanged an anxious look at his approach.
看到他靠近,帐篷外的守卫们忧心忡忡地交换了一下眼神。
7.Rowan is a serious and intelligent man with a master’s degree from Oxford University.
罗温是一个严肃而聪明的人,拥有牛津大学的硕士学位。
8.After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing outside.
短暂的休息之后,我们在外面唱歌、跳舞,玩儿得很开心。
9.His death was a great shock to us all.
他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。
10.The company offered me the very job I had been looking for.
该公司给了我一份正是我一直在找的工作。(共39张PPT)
Part 3 Grammar (2)——冠词
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
Part 3 Grammar (2)——冠词
语法图解
要点诠释
Part 3 Grammar (2)——冠词
冠词 分类 不定冠词a,an
定冠词the
零冠词
用法 不定冠词的用法
定冠词的用法
零冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,置于名词前,是名词的一种标志,它不能脱离名词独立存在,也不能单独作句子成分。英语中冠词有三个,分别是不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。有时名词前不用冠词称为零冠词。
一、不定冠词的用法
1.不定冠词泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个,也可表示数量“一”或价钱、时间、速度等的“每一”。
We’re renting a car and driving!(人教必一U2)
我们要租一辆车来开!
I have been trying to phone you since this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.(人教选三U4)
从今天早上起我就一直在给你打电话。我打了十几次才发现你在这里。
2.用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。
As many of the visitors said,the exhibition was unforgettable and worth a second visit.
正如许多游客所说,这次展览令人难忘并值得再去一次。
3.用于具体化的抽象名词前或由动词转化而来的名词前。
What a surprise it would be if Jules were on that one! Eh
(人教必三U5)
要是于勒在这条船上,该有多好呀!是不
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.
在那些艰苦的日子里,能够买一瓶饮料也是件令人宽慰的事。
4.用于某些物质名词前,表示“一阵,一场,一份”等。
All of a sudden,there was a loud knock outside.
突然,门外有一阵响亮的敲门声。
Hit by a heavy rainstorm,the town was flooded.
遭遇了一场严重的暴雨,这座城镇被淹了。
5.用于姓名或“Mr./Mrs./Miss./Ms.+姓氏”前,相当于a certain,意为“某个”“一个”。
The house next door has been bought by a Mr.Brown.
隔壁的房子已经被一位叫布朗的先生买走了。
A Mr.Johnson came to see you while you were out.
你不在时有位叫约翰逊的先生来看你。
6.含不定冠词的固定短语
as a result 结果;as a whole总体上;at a loss 不知所措;in a way 在某种程度上;in a word 总之;in a hurry 匆忙
[对点练1] 完成句子
①Last week our class
(组织了一次活动) to thank our teachers before graduation.
②In my opinion,
(休息一会) between classes is necessary.
③On half way to school,I
(困在一场大雨里).
organized an activity
taking/having a break
was caught in a heavy/big rain
④Our school sports meeting is
(一次巨大的成功).
⑤Never have I met
(一位如此善良的老师) like him.
a great success
so kind a teacher/such a kind teacher
二、定冠词的用法
1.特指某些人或物(包括上文提到过的人或物)以及谈话双方都知道的人或物。
My parents are taking me to Hong Kong during the October holiday.(人教必一U2)
我的父母要在十月假期带我去香港。
I’m bringing my own lunch.I think some of the others are eating at the park,but the food there is really expensive.(人教必一U2)
我要自己带午餐。我觉得其他人中有些会在公园吃饭,但那里的食物实在很贵。
2.用在世界上独一无二的事物名词前。
Kate was surprised by the sight of the Kongming lanterns flying up into the sky.(人教必三U1)
凯特看到孔明灯飞上天空的景象感到十分惊奇。
3.用于形容词、副词最高级,序数词或方位词之前。
It was the first time that the cities in the south of the country had experienced the heaviest rainfall.
这是该国南部城市首次经历最严重的降雨。
4.用于姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人。
The Reads went to California to seek their fortune in the 1870s.
里德一家于19世纪70年代去加利福尼亚州寻找财富。
5.用于单数名词前表示类别。
The lion is a fierce animal,which is also in danger of dying out.
狮子是一种凶猛的动物,同时也是一种面临灭绝危险的动物。
6.用在形容词或形容词化的过去分词前,表示一类人或物。
It is reported that the injured have been sent to the hospital.
据报道,伤者已被送往医院。
Actually the rich are not always happier than the poor.
事实上,富人并不总是比穷人幸福。
7.用于西洋乐器名词前。
I never thought I was very talented at anything to do with music,but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six.
(人教必二U5)
我从来不认为我在音乐方面有什么天赋,但我父母在我六岁的时候想让我学习弹钢琴。
8.用于整十复数数词或表示年代、世纪、朝代的词前。
In the 1940s,the Americans and the British stationed in New Zealand during the war discovered this amazing fruit.(人教选四U2)
20世纪40年代,战争期间驻扎在新西兰的美国人和英国人发现了这种神奇的水果。
9.含定冠词的固定短语
at the same time同时;by the day按天(计);by the way顺便说;in the distance在远处;on the other hand另一方面;on the phone在电话里;to tell the truth说实话
[对点练2] 完成句子
①He took part in the English Speech Contest and
(获得一等奖).
②I was caught in heavy traffic and late when I
(到达办公室).
③He gave away large amounts of money to help
(穷人).
won the first prize
got to the office
the poor
④Do you know when
(电视机被发明)
⑤The old scientist
(出生于20世纪30年代).
the television was invented
was born in the 1930s
三、零冠词的用法
1.表示泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前不用冠词。
The top of the mountain is covered with snow for most of the year.(人教必二U5)
这座山顶一年中大部分时间都被雪覆盖。
2.球类、棋类和游戏名词前不用冠词。
Then we can play football,can’t we (人教必一U3)
那我们可以踢足球了,不是吗
3.作表语、补语、同位语的职位名词前不用冠词。
They elected Henry president of the association because of his great ability.
他们选举亨利为社团主席是由于他出众的能力。
I’m Li Ming,chairman of the school Student Union.
我是李明,校学生会主席。
4.非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名称前不用冠词。
The workers will have to complete the project by the end of June.
工人们必须在六月底之前完成该项目。
I’m picking up package from the post office after lunch.
(人教必一U2)
午饭后我要去邮局取包裹。
5.不用冠词(零冠词)的固定短语
at present目前;at risk处于危险中;by hand用手;by weight按重量;by chance偶然;by plane乘飞机;by mistake错误地;in trouble在困境中;in need需要;in advance提前;under repair在修理中;lose heart灰心
6.注意几组短语的区别
at table就餐;at the table在桌旁
by sea乘船;by the sea在海边
in hospital住院;in the hospital在医院
in charge of管理……
in the charge of在……管理下
[对点练3] 完成句子
①Shall we go to visit our former teacher
(在教师节那天).
②The old men were (下棋) when I got there.
③He (被选为班长) of our class.
④ I’m looking after his affairs (他住院时).
on Teachers’ Day
playing chess
was elected monitor
while he’s in hospital
课 时 测 评 作 业
维度一 基础填空题(选词填空)(每小题1分,共10分)
a an the /
1.I’d like to play musical instrument.
2.Can you play tennis
3.I can play guitar and drums.
4.My grandpa is good at playing Chinese chess.
5.They want to start art club.
a
/
the
/
an
6.This is old kite and that is new kite.
7.I have orange.It’s big orange.
8. Great Wall is longest wall all over the world.It’s in China.
9.This is old book.But it is useful book.
10.I usually have dinner at 6:30 pm.Then I go for
walk with my parents.
an
a
an
a
The
the
/
an
a
/
a
维度二 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.In space,where effect of gravity is slight,things change, and they do so quite strongly.
2.Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of universe,it is waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth.
the
the
a
3.In sense, the collaboration between universities and industries accelerates technological innovation.
4.Meanwhile, effectiveness of acupuncture (针灸) and herbs is also well proved by scientific evidence.
5.For people there, small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost dozen different dishes.
a
the
a
a
6.Back in 1990s,the city’s unique geography forced Chongqing’s transport authorities to seek alternative to conventional subway trains.
7.Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with limit of 35 people.
8.Many of us might not give second thought to dropping small piece of litter.
the
an
a
a
a
9.Flossie,a cat from UK,which was born on December 29,1995,holds title of the oldest living cat.
10.Horse-drawn chariots were common in ancient China,but a sheep-drawn chariot is extremely rare find.
the
the
an
维度三 语法与写作(每小题2分,20分)
1.Eating mooncakes
that symbolizes family reunion and completeness.
中秋节吃月饼是一种象征家人团聚和圆满的传统习俗。
2.I came across .
不久前某一天,我偶然发现了这些旧照片。
during the Mid-Autumn Festival is a
traditional custom
the old photos the other day
3.I think it’s pretty important
between working and playing.
我认为保持工作和娱乐之间的平衡是很重要的。
4.Her father carried
when she was young.
在她小时候,她父亲肩负着重大责任。
5.I’ve got as she lied to us.
我感觉到很不愉快,因为她对我们说了谎。
to keep the balance
a heavy burden of responsibility
a horrible feeling
6.The guards
at his approach.
看到他靠近,帐篷外的守卫们忧心忡忡地交换了一下眼神。
7.Rowan is
with a master’s degree from Oxford University.
罗温是一个严肃而聪明的人,拥有牛津大学的硕士学位。
outside the tent exchanged an anxious look
a serious and intelligent man
8. , we had great fun singing and dancing outside.
短暂的休息之后,我们在外面唱歌、跳舞,玩儿得很开心。
9.His death was .
他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。
10.The company offered me .
该公司给了我一份正是我一直在找的工作。
After a short rest
a great shock to us all
the very job I had been looking for
