Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
Grammar——主谓一致
一、主谓一致三大原则
主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。主谓一致有三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则
[先感知]
①Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(北师必三U9)
很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”,这是说大脑能自动学习。
②These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”.(北师必三U9)
这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。
③Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(外研选三U5)
创造这样的建筑使我们能够与我们的环境更加和谐地相处。
④What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!(外研选三U1)
我真正钦佩的是她承认这一点的方式,健康不仅让我们更美丽,而且更快乐!
⑤If anyone sees Mary,ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看见玛丽,请她到我办公室来。
⑥Many a student comes into the classroom.
很多学生进了教室。
⑦More than one student wants to join the army. 不止一个学生想参军。
[会发现]
由句①和句②可以发现,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数;由句③和句④可以发现,动词-ing形式(短语)和主语从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式;由句⑤可以发现,主语为复合不定代词anyone,谓语动词常用单数形式;由句⑥和句⑦可以发现,“many a+单数名词”或“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
[明规则]
语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数形式。
1.主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
2.动词-ing形式(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、单个从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
3.复合不定代词anyone,somebody,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
4.“many a+单数名词”或“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(二)意义一致原则
[先感知]
①The enemy were hiding,ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(外研选三U3)
敌人藏身于各个地方,准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。
②The police are searching the lost boy.
警察们正在寻找那个走失的男孩。
③Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
对我来说,两个小时完成这项工作就够了。
④The wounded were saved by the villagers at last. 最后,伤员们被村民们救起。
⑤The Chinese are hard-working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
⑥Politics is a difficult subject for many students.
对许多学生来说,政治是一门很难的学科。
⑦Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
[会发现]
句①主语为The enemy,看作一个个的敌人个体,谓语动词用复数形式;句②主语为The police,表示多个警察,谓语动词用复数形式;句③主语为Two hours,看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;句④主语为The wounded,表示一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;句⑤主语为The Chinese,强调全体中国人,谓语动词用复数形式;句⑥主语为Politics,为以-s结尾的不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;句⑦主语为sheep,前有Three修饰,表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数形式。
[明规则]
意义一致原则是指“形单意复”的名词或“形复意单”的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
1.当people、police、cattle等词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数形式。
2.表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时,通常将其视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.表示某国人总称的词,如:the Chinese、the British等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
5.以-s结尾但意义为单数的news、maths、physics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
6.单复数同形的词sheep、deer等作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式与实际意义一致。
(三)就近一致原则
[先感知]
①Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。
②Not you but I am responsible for the delay. 不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。
③There is an apple and some oranges in the basket.
篮子里有一个苹果和一些橘子。
[会发现]
在句①中,“Either you or he”连接两个主语,谓语动词 “is”与靠近的主语he保持一致;在句②中,“Not you but I”连接两个主语,谓语动词 “am”与靠近的主语I 保持一致;在句③中,“There is”结构中,谓语动词“is”与靠近的主语 an apple 保持一致。
[明规则]
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接的并列主语,其谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致。
2.在there be/here be 句型中,谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
[再运用] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The team is (be) winning the match with great effort.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students are (be) in the classroom right now.
3.Mathematics is (be) a subject that requires logical thinking.
4.The cattle are (be) grazing in the field.
5.More than one person has expressed (express) interest in the project so far.
6.The United States is (be) known for its diverse culture.
二、主谓一致的几个易错点
(一)并列主语的主谓一致
1.两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
2.两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数形式。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民兼作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
3.两个并列的名词前均有each、every、no、many a等修饰限定时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work.
每个男人和女人都在工作。
(二)主语后有附属成分时的主谓一致
主语后有with、together with、along with、like、but、as well as、except、including、rather than、besides等引导时,谓语动词的数要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。
(三)某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
1.集合名词family、class、crowd、team、government、company、group等作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体)
在我们学校,我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体)
他的家人正在等他回国。
2.由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如:trousers、pants、jeans、shoes、glasses等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of来修饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
These trousers need washing.
这些裤子需要洗。
This pair of trousers is hers.
这条裤子是她的。
(四)数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
1.当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词的单复数来决定。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
2.a number of (许多),a variety of (各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of (……的数目)和the variety of (……的种类)修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。试比较:
A number of students are from the south.
许多学生来自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
来自南方的学生人数很多。
3.a quantity of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词,当接可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数,接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。quantities of后无论接复数名词还是不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.
那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.
在深海中捕获了大量的鱼。
[再运用] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.A large number of people were (be) present at the concert yesterday.
2.Each of the students has (have) a unique talent.
3.Bread and butter is (be) his favorite breakfast.
4.The majority of the population is (be) in favor of the new policy.
5.The teacher as well as the students is (be) excited about the trip.
1.adapt vt.改编,改写;使适应 vi.适应
·adaptation n.适应;改编;改写本 ·adaptable adj.有适应能力的,能适应的
教材原文 In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把这本书改编成动画电影,这部电影被广泛认为是一部经典之作。
感知 语言先输入
①When you go to a new country,you must adapt (yourself) to new manners and customs.(建议信)
当你到一个新的国家时,你必须适应新的风俗习惯。
②The book,which was adapted from a popular series,gained widespread acclaim.
这本书是根据一部流行系列片改编的,获得了广泛好评。
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)adapt (oneself) to... 使(某人自己)适应……
(2)adapt sth for sth 将某物改编/改写为某物
adapt...from... 根据……改编/改写……
[名师指津] 注意adapt与adopt在拼写和意思上的差别。adopt 意为“采纳;收养”。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With her adaptable (adapt) nature,she thrived in diverse cultural settings.
②Having adapted to the new climate,the plants flourished in the garden.
③She quickly adapted herself to the new environment,finding it exciting and challenging.
她很快就适应了这个新的环境,发现它既令人兴奋又具有挑战性。
2.regard vt.将……认为,看待;注视 n.尊重;(pl.)致意,问候 ·regarding prep.关于
教材原文 In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把这本书改编成动画电影,这部电影被广泛认为是一部经典之作。
感知 语言先输入
①He is regarded as a pioneer in the field,inspiring many young scientists.
他被认为是该领域的先驱,激励了许多年轻科学家。
②With regard to your inquiry,we will respond promptly with the necessary information.
关于您的询问,我们将及时回复所需信息。
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)regard...as... 把……当作……
be regarded as 被认为是
(2)with/in regard to 关于
give/send one’s best regards to... 向……致以最诚挚的问候
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is highly regarded as a leader who inspires his team.
②With regard to your request,we will consider it carefully.
③Sending his best regards to the team,he expressed gratitude for their hard work.
向团队致以最诚挚的问候,他表达了对他们辛勤工作的感谢。
[基础语境练]
维度一 基础题——用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Each of the students is required (require) to submit their assignment by Friday.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students have arrived (arrive) yet.
3.The number of participants is (be) increasing every year.
4.A variety of books are (be) available in the library.
5.The police are (be) investigating the case thoroughly now.
6.Physics is (be) a subject which he likes best.
7.Either the manager or his assistants are (be) going to attend the meeting.
8.The team is (be) winning the match,which is exciting for the fans.
维度二 语法与写作——用主谓一致原则完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
1.The committee,which consists of several experts,has made its decision.
由几个专家组成的委员会已经做出了决定。
2.More than one student has asked for extra help after class so far.
目前,不止一个学生在课后请求额外的帮助。
3.Either the manager or the employees are responsible for the error.
要么是经理要么是员工对这个错误负责。
4.Not only the teacher but also the students were pleased with the results.
老师和学生对结果都很满意。
5.Reading science fiction novels makes me relaxed after a busy day.
读科幻小说使我在忙碌的一天后感到放松。
维度三 语法与语篇——用所给动词的适当形式完成语段(每小题2分,共10分)
In the bustling (繁忙的) city,there 1.are (be)many opportunities for those who are willing to explore.The government,along with several organizations,2.is working (work)to improve the infrastructure now.A number of initiatives 3.have been launched (launch)to support local businesses so far.However,the success of these programs 4.depends (depend)on the cooperation of the community.Everyone,including the officials and the citizens,5.is encouraged (encourage)to participate actively.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·厦门市高一下期末)
We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness,it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact,it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart-breaking stories...for kids They seem not to sugar-coat the realities of the world.
Actually,many great kids’ movies loaded with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings.According to Aristotle,tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible thought.Therefore,the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle,to understand and to heal (治愈).The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss,especially if it’s sudden.The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba,who experiences the loss of his father.Kids see themselves in Simba’s character.He has dreams.He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world.But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss.
Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward.Hakuna Matata! Yes,the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you.It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age.Sadness should not be ignored.It’s important to feel sad,and that is why these films are so great.In Dumbo,Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia,we lose our beloved characters.This quite upsets kids,but it teaches them to accept sadness and make something new out of it.
So,what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie It’s meant to teach the audience,especially children,to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real,or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了优秀的儿童电影如何通过悲伤教育孩子们,使他们能够应对生活中的挑战,学会在悲伤中寻找解脱和治愈的方法。
1.Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1
A.To promote a movie.
B.To explain the reason.
C.To support an argument.
D.To introduce the topic.
答案 D [写作目的题。根据第一段的“We all remember...the realities of the world.”可知,提到“第一次哭泣”是为了引出电影如何引起观众强烈的情感反应,这为讨论悲伤的儿童电影的影响奠定了基础,因此它的作用是引出下文的话题。故选D项。]
2.What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Defining sadness as a treatment.
B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.
C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.
D.Heading forward without being trapped.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Why is a film...define you.”可知,“Hakuna Matata”这句话出自《狮子王》,这句话告诉孩子们,从悲剧中走出来是可以的,不要让它定义你,由此可推知,这句话表示不被悲剧性的损失或悲伤所困,要勇往直前。故选D项。]
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality.
B.Sad kids’ movies prepare children for life struggles.
C.Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy.
D.Children can find a way to hide sad feelings.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So,what is the message...by saying Hakuna Matata.”可知,最后一段强调,悲伤的儿童电影是为了教会孩子们为生活的挣扎做好准备,如何应对悲伤和悲剧,而不是逃避现实或隐藏悲伤的情绪。因此,悲伤的儿童电影让孩子们为生活的挑战做好准备。故选B项。]
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad
B.What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies
C.Life’s Hardest Lesson:How Movies Inspire Us
D.Moving Beyond Reality:What Kids’ Movies Teach Us
答案 D [标题归纳题。通读全文并根据最后一段可知,文章主要探讨了优秀的儿童电影如何通过悲伤教育孩子们,使他们能够应对生活中的挑战,学会在悲伤中寻找解脱和治愈的方法。因此D项这个标题反映了电影如何通过悲伤和悲剧教给人们重要的人生教训的探索。故选D项。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
No one person invented cinema.However,in 1891 the Edison Company successfully showed a prototype (原型) of the Kinetoscope,which enabled one person at a time 1. (view) moving pictures.The Kinetoscope was 2. (public) shown on May 9,1893.By 1894 the Kinetoscope was a big 3. (succeed),with public movie theaters built around the world.
The first to present projected (投影) moving pictures to a paying audience 4.
(be) the Lumière brothers in December 1895 in Paris,France.They used what they made themselves,the Cinématographe,5.
was a camera,a projector and a film printer all in one.
At first,films were very short,sometimes only a few minutes 6. less.They were shown anywhere a screen could be set up and a room darkened.Subjects included local 7. (scene) and activities,views of foreign lands,short comedies and newsworthy events.The films were accompanied (伴随) by lectures and music.
By 1914,several national film industries were set up.At this time,Russia and Scandinavia were as 8. (importance) as America.Films became longer and storytelling became the main form.
As more people paid to see movies,the industry that grew around 9. (they) was prepared to spend more money 10. their production and distribution (分发),so large studios and special cinemas were built.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章简述了电影和电影院的早期发展历史。
1.to view [考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事。]
2.publicly [考查词性转换。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词,表示“公开地”,用副词,故填publicly。]
3.success [考查词性转换。设空处作表语,根据设空处前的冠词a可知,用名词,表示“成功的事物”,故填success。]
4.were [考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in December 1895可知,此处描述的事情发生在过去,用一般过去时;又因为主语The first指代the Lumière brothers(卢米埃尔兄弟),表示复数意义,故填were。]
5.which [考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Cinématographe作补充说明,且在从句中作主语,故填which。]
6.or [考查并列连词。此处表示电影一般只有几分钟“或者”更短,故填or。]
7.scenes [考查名词的数。scene意为“景色”,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,故填scenes。]
8.important [考查词性转换。设空处作表语,表示“重要的”,用形容词,故填important。as important as...像……一样重要。]
9.them [考查代词。设空处作around的宾语,用宾格,故填them,指代上文中的movies。]
10.on [考查介词。spend sth on sth花(时间、金钱等)在某物上。](共59张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
内
容
索
引
语法知识过关
语言知识精析
课时精练
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar——主谓一致
一、主谓一致三大原则
主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。主谓一致有三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则
[先感知]
①Most people assume that the human brain is set on “automatic”—that means it learns all by itself.(北师必三U9)
很多人认为人类的大脑是“自动运行的”,这是说大脑能自动学习。
②These kinds of learning behaviours are called “active learning”.
(北师必三U9)
这些学习行为叫作“主动学习”。
③Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.(外研选三U5)
创造这样的建筑使我们能够与我们的环境更加和谐地相处。
④What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful,but happier,too!
(外研选三U1)
我真正钦佩的是她承认这一点的方式,健康不仅让我们更美丽,而且更快乐!
⑤If anyone sees Mary,ask her to come to my office.
如果有人看见玛丽,请她到我办公室来。
⑥Many a student comes into the classroom.
很多学生进了教室。
⑦More than one student wants to join the army.
不止一个学生想参军。
[会发现]
由句①和句②可以发现,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语的
;由句③和句④可以发现,动词-ing形式(短语)和主语从句作主语时,谓语动词常用 形式;由句⑤可以发现,主语为复合不定代词anyone,谓语动词常用 形式;由句⑥和句⑦可以发现,“many a+单数名词”或“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用 形式。
单复数
单数
单数
单数
[明规则]
语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数形式。
1.主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
2.动词-ing形式(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、单个从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
3.复合不定代词anyone,somebody,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
4.“many a+单数名词”或“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(二)意义一致原则
[先感知]
①The enemy were hiding,ready to attack the Allied soldiers even before they reached land.(外研选三U3)
敌人藏身于各个地方,准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。
②The police are searching the lost boy.
警察们正在寻找那个走失的男孩。
③Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.
对我来说,两个小时完成这项工作就够了。
④The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后,伤员们被村民们救起。
⑤The Chinese are hard-working.
中国人民是勤劳的。
⑥Politics is a difficult subject for many students.
对许多学生来说,政治是一门很难的学科。
⑦Three sheep are eating grass there.
三只羊正在那里吃草。
[会发现]
句①主语为The enemy,看作一个个的敌人个体,谓语动词用________形式;句②主语为The police,表示多个警察,谓语动词用 形式;句③主语为Two hours,看作一个 ,谓语动词用单数形式;句④主语为The wounded,表示 ,谓语动词用复数形式;句⑤主语为The Chinese,强调全体中国人,谓语动词用 形式;句⑥主语为Politics,为以-s结尾的不可数名词,谓语动词用 形式;句⑦主语为sheep,前有Three修饰,表示 含义,谓语动词用复数形式。
复数
复数
整体
一类人
复数
单数
复数
[明规则]
意义一致原则是指“形单意复”的名词或“形复意单”的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
1.当people、police、cattle等词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数形式。
2.表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时,通常将其视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.表示某国人总称的词,如:the Chinese、the British等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
5.以-s结尾但意义为单数的news、maths、physics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
6.单复数同形的词sheep、deer等作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式与实际意义一致。
(三)就近一致原则
[先感知]
①Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.
不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。
②Not you but I am responsible for the delay.
不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。
③There is an apple and some oranges in the basket.
篮子里有一个苹果和一些橘子。
[会发现]
在句①中,“Either you or he”连接两个主语,谓语动词 “is”与靠近的主语 保持一致;在句②中,“Not you but I”连接两个主语,谓语动词 “am”与靠近的主语 保持一致;在句③中,“There is”结构中,谓语动词“is”与靠近的主语 保持一致。
he
I
an apple
[明规则]
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接的并列主语,其谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致。
2.在there be/here be 句型中,谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。
[再运用] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The team (be) winning the match with great effort.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students (be) in the classroom right now.
3.Mathematics (be) a subject that requires logical thinking.
4.The cattle (be) grazing in the field.
is
are
is
are
5.More than one person (express) interest in the project so far.
6.The United States (be) known for its diverse culture.
has expressed
is
二、主谓一致的几个易错点
(一)并列主语的主谓一致
1.两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接,表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
2.两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数形式。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民兼作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
3.两个并列的名词前均有each、every、no、many a等修饰限定时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.
每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。
(二)主语后有附属成分时的主谓一致
主语后有with、together with、along with、like、but、as well as、except、including、rather than、besides等引导时,谓语动词的数要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.
只有一名教师和三名学生在实验室里。
(三)某些名词作主语时的主谓一致
1.集合名词family、class、crowd、team、government、company、group等作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体)
在我们学校,我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。
His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体)
他的家人正在等他回国。
2.由两部分构成的表示物体的名词如:trousers、pants、jeans、shoes、glasses等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of/two pairs of来修饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
These trousers need washing.
这些裤子需要洗。
This pair of trousers is hers.
这条裤子是她的。
(四)数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致
1.当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词的单复数来决定。
About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water.
地球表面大约四分之三是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls.
我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。
2.a number of (许多),a variety of (各种各样的)修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。但是the number of (……的数目)和the variety of (……的种类)修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。试比较:
A number of students are from the south.
许多学生来自南方。
The number of students from the south is large.
来自南方的学生人数很多。
3.a quantity of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词,当接可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数,接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。quantities of后无论接复数名词还是不可数名词,后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time.
那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea.
在深海中捕获了大量的鱼。
[再运用] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.A large number of people (be) present at the concert yesterday.
2.Each of the students (have) a unique talent.
3.Bread and butter (be) his favorite breakfast.
4.The majority of the population (be) in favor of the new policy.
5.The teacher as well as the students (be) excited about the trip.
were
has
is
is
is
语 言 知 识 精 析
1.adapt vt.改编,改写;使适应 vi.适应
·adaptation n.适应;改编;改写本 ·adaptable adj.有适应能力的,能适应的
教材原文 In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film,which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把这本书改编成动画电影,这部电影被广泛认为是一部经典之作。
感知 语言先输入
①When you go to a new country,you must adapt (yourself) to new manners and customs.(建议信)
当你到一个新的国家时,你必须适应新的风俗习惯。
②The book,which was adapted from a popular series,gained widespread acclaim.
这本书是根据一部流行系列片改编的,获得了广泛好评。
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)adapt (oneself) to... 使(某人自己)适应……
(2)adapt sth for sth 将某物改编/改写为某物
adapt...from... 根据……改编/改写……
[名师指津] 注意adapt与adopt在拼写和意思上的差别。adopt 意为“采纳;收养”。
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①With her (adapt) nature,she thrived in diverse cultural settings.
②Having adapted the new climate,the plants flourished in the garden.
③She , finding it exciting and challenging.
她很快就适应了这个新的环境,发现它既令人兴奋又具有挑战性。
adaptable
to
quickly adapted herself to the new environment
2.regard vt.将……认为,看待;注视 n.尊重;(pl.)致意,问候
·regarding prep.关于
教材原文 In 1967,Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼把这本书改编成动画电影,这部电影被广泛认为是一部经典之作。
感知 语言先输入
①He is regarded as a pioneer in the field,inspiring many young scientists.
他被认为是该领域的先驱,激励了许多年轻科学家。
②With regard to your inquiry,we will respond promptly with the necessary information.
关于您的询问,我们将及时回复所需信息。
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)regard...as... 把……当作……
be regarded as 被认为是
(2)with/in regard to 关于
give/send one’s best regards to... 向……致以最诚挚的问候
运用 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is highly regarded a leader who inspires his team.
② regard to your request,we will consider it carefully.
③ , he expressed gratitude for their hard work.
向团队致以最诚挚的问候,他表达了对他们辛勤工作的感谢。
as
With
Sending his best regards to the team
课 时 精 练
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一 基础题——用所给动词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Each of the students (require) to submit their assignment by Friday.
2.Neither the teacher nor the students (arrive) yet.
3.The number of participants (be) increasing every year.
4.A variety of books (be) available in the library.
is required
have arrived
is
are
5.The police (be) investigating the case thoroughly now.
6.Physics (be) a subject which he likes best.
7.Either the manager or his assistants (be) going to attend the meeting.
8.The team (be) winning the match,which is exciting for the fans.
are
is
are
is
维度二 语法与写作——用主谓一致原则完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
1.The committee, , has made its decision.
由几个专家组成的委员会已经做出了决定。
2.More than one student after class so far.
目前,不止一个学生在课后请求额外的帮助。
which consists of several experts
has asked for extra help
3.Either the manager or the employees .
要么是经理要么是员工对这个错误负责。
4.Not only the teacher but also the students
.
老师和学生对结果都很满意。
5. after a busy day.
读科幻小说使我在忙碌的一天后感到放松。
are responsible for the error
were pleased with the results
Reading science fiction novels makes me relaxed
维度三 语法与语篇——用所给动词的适当形式完成语段(每小题2分,共10分)
In the bustling (繁忙的) city,there 1. (be)many opportunities for those who are willing to explore.The government, along with several organizations,2. (work) to improve the infrastructure now.A number of initiatives 3.___________________________ (launch)to support local businesses so far.However,the success of these programs 4. (depend) on the cooperation of the community.Everyone,including the officials and the citizens,5. (encourage)to participate actively.
are
is working
have been launched
depends
is encouraged
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
(2025·厦门市高一下期末)
We all remember that first cry at the movies.Whether they are tears of joy or sadness,it’s quite astonishing that human emotion can be controlled by moving images on a screen.In fact,it all comes from a plan.But what about those heart-breaking stories...for kids They seem not to sugar-coat the realities of the world.
Actually,many great kids’ movies loaded with tragedy (悲剧) are purposefully meant to stir up kids’ strong feelings.According to Aristotle,tragedy aids us in facing life’s unsolvable issues through sensible thought.Therefore,the existence of tragedy in kids’ movies is to teach kids to handle,to understand and to heal (治愈).The hardest lesson for a child is how to deal with loss,especially if it’s sudden.The cartoon classic The Lion King tells the story of Simba,who experiences the loss of his father.Kids see themselves in Simba’s character.He has dreams.He has a desire to grow and be a part of a bigger world.But it is really heartbreaking to see the loss.
Why is a film like this so beloved when it makes kids cry The lesson it teaches is to overcome hardships and to move forward. Hakuna Matata! Yes,the phrase from The Lion King is to teach kids it’s okay to move on from tragic loss and not to let it define you.It’s an important lesson we learned at a very young age.Sadness should not be ignored.It’s important to feel sad,and that is why these films are so great.In Dumbo,Charlotte’s Web and Bridge to Terabithia,we lose our beloved characters.This quite upsets kids,but it teaches them to accept sadness and make something new out of it.
So,what is the message behind a sad kids’ movie It’s meant to teach the audience,especially children,to gain their independence and how to free themselves from tragedy.It’s like a cushion (缓冲垫) that separates stories from reality.It helps children deal with sad feelings when they come for real,or at least find relief by saying Hakuna Matata.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了优秀的儿童电影如何通过悲伤教育孩子们,使他们能够应对生活中的挑战,学会在悲伤中寻找解脱和治愈的方法。
1.Why does the author mention “first cry” in paragraph 1
A.To promote a movie. B.To explain the reason.
C.To support an argument. D.To introduce the topic.
解析 写作目的题。根据第一段的“We all remember...the realities of the world.”可知,提到“第一次哭泣”是为了引出电影如何引起观众强烈的情感反应,这为讨论悲伤的儿童电影的影响奠定了基础,因此它的作用是引出下文的话题。故选D项。
√
2.What does the underlined phrase “Hakuna Matata” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Defining sadness as a treatment.
B.Challenging oneself with tragic losses.
C.Seeking knowledge to enrich life.
D.Heading forward without being trapped.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Why is a film...define you.”可知,“Hakuna Matata”这句话出自《狮子王》,这句话告诉孩子们,从悲剧中走出来是可以的,不要让它定义你,由此可推知,这句话表示不被悲剧性的损失或悲伤所困,要勇往直前。故选D项。
√
3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Sad kids’ movies help children to escape from reality.
B.Sad kids’ movies prepare children for life struggles.
C.Children can learn to ignore sadness in tragedy.
D.Children can find a way to hide sad feelings.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So,what is the message...by saying Hakuna Matata.”可知,最后一段强调,悲伤的儿童电影是为了教会孩子们为生活的挣扎做好准备,如何应对悲伤和悲剧,而不是逃避现实或隐藏悲伤的情绪。因此,悲伤的儿童电影让孩子们为生活的挑战做好准备。故选B项。
√
4.What is the best title for the text
A.Why Are Great Kids’ Movies So Sad
B.What Is the Power of Great Kids’ Movies
C.Life’s Hardest Lesson:How Movies Inspire Us
D.Moving Beyond Reality:What Kids’ Movies Teach Us
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文并根据最后一段可知,文章主要探讨了优秀的儿童电影如何通过悲伤教育孩子们,使他们能够应对生活中的挑战,学会在悲伤中寻找解脱和治愈的方法。因此D项这个标题反映了电影如何通过悲伤和悲剧教给人们重要的人生教训的探索。故选D项。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
No one person invented cinema.However,in 1891 the Edison Company successfully showed a prototype (原型) of the Kinetoscope, which enabled one person at a time 1. (view) moving pictures.The Kinetoscope was 2. (public) shown on May 9,1893.By 1894 the Kinetoscope was a big 3. (succeed), with public movie theaters built around the world.
The first to present projected (投影) moving pictures to a paying audience 4. (be) the Lumière brothers in December 1895 in Paris,France.They used what they made themselves,the Cinématographe,5. was a camera,a projector and a film printer all in one.
At first,films were very short,sometimes only a few minutes 6.__________ less.They were shown anywhere a screen could be set up and a room darkened.Subjects included local 7. (scene) and activities,views of foreign lands,short comedies and newsworthy events.The films were accompanied (伴随) by lectures and music.
By 1914,several national film industries were set up.At this time,Russia and Scandinavia were as 8. (importance) as America.Films became longer and storytelling became the main form.
As more people paid to see movies,the industry that grew around 9. (they) was prepared to spend more money 10._______ their production and distribution (分发),so large studios and special cinemas were built.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章简述了电影和电影院的早期发展历史。
1.to view [考查非谓语动词。enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事。]
2.publicly [考查词性转换。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词,表示“公开地”,用副词,故填publicly。]
3.success [考查词性转换。设空处作表语,根据设空处前的冠词a可知,用名词,表示“成功的事物”,故填success。]
4.were [考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in December 1895可知,此处描述的事情发生在过去,用一般过去时;又因为主语The first指代the Lumière brothers(卢米埃尔兄弟),表示复数意义,故填were。]
5.which [考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词Cinématographe作补充说明,且在从句中作主语,故填which。]
6.or [考查并列连词。此处表示电影一般只有几分钟“或者”更短,故填or。]
7.scenes [考查名词的数。scene意为“景色”,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,故填scenes。]
8.important [考查词性转换。设空处作表语,表示“重要的”,用形容词,故填important。as important as...像……一样重要。]
9.them [考查代词。设空处作around的宾语,用宾格,故填them,指代上文中的movies。]
10.on [考查介词。spend sth on sth花(时间、金钱等)在某物上。]
