Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—Language points
[核心单词·练通]
1.severe /sI vI (r)/ adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
2.subscribe /s b skra b/ vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
3.suspect /s spekt/ vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 / s spekt/ n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
4.blame /bleIm/ vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
5.handle / h ndl/ n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等);(用手)触碰
6.link /l k/ n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
7.substantial /s b st n l/ adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的
8.decrease / di kri s/ n.减少;降低;减少量
/dI kri s/ vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
9.transform /tr ns f m/ vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变
[拓展单词·用活]
1.frustrated /fr streItId/ adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼;使沮丧→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustration n.沮丧;懊恼;挫折
2.infection /In fek n/ n.感染;传染→infect /In fekt/ vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的
3.proof /pru f/ n.证据;证明;检验→prove vt.证明;证明是
4.multiple / m lt pl/ adj.数量多的;多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖
5.intervention / Int ven n/ n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干预;介入
6.pure /pj (r)/ adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地;纯粹地→purify vt.净化;使……洁净
[阅读单词·识记]
1.contradictory / k ntr dIkt ri/ adj.相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
2.germ /d m/ n.微生物;细菌;病菌
3.pump /p mp/ n.泵;抽水机;打气筒
4.household / ha sh ld/ n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
5.raw /r / adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
6.statistic /st t st k/ n.[pl.-s]统计数字;统计资料;统计学
7.microscope / ma kr sk p/ n.显微镜
[重点短语·再现]
1.link...to/with... 把……与……联系起来
2.once and for all最终地;彻底地
3.subscribe to同意;赞同
4.thanks to幸亏;由于
5.be to blame(对某事)负有责任
6.suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事
7.be likely to do sth有可能去做某事
8.die from the disease死于这种疾病
9.become a famous doctor成为一名著名医生
10.attend to关怀;照料;处理
11.be infected by waste被废弃物感染
12.be polluted by raw waste被未处理的废弃物污染
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] until引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2.[句型公式] so...that... 如此……以至于……
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重,以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
3.[句型公式] It seems/seemed that... 好像……;似乎……
[教材原句] It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
这名妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。
4.[句型公式] have sth done让/请某人做某事;使某事被做
[教材原句] Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就不能用了。
5.[句型公式] 无生命名词+see/find/...
[教材原句] Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始销售洁净的水,世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低。
核心单词练透
1.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
教材原文 As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到沮丧。
感知 语言再输入
①Frustrated and disappointed,I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.(心理描写)
②Although this can be frustrating,it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
(2)frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustrate vt. 挫败;阻挠;使感到灰心
frustration n. 懊恼,沮丧;挫败
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It’s not just about sharing sweets or frustration(frustrate);it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.
②If we feel sad and frustrated(frustrate),we can choose the music which gives us power and makes us refreshed.
③I was frustrated at my poor performance in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes.(心理描写)
我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧,我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。
2.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
教材原文 Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。
感知 语言再输入
①All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
②If you subscribe to this newspaper,you’ll get an extra magazine.(推荐信)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)subscribe to 同意;赞同;订购;捐助
subscribe...to... 向……捐……
(2)subscriber n. 订阅人;订购者;定期捐款者
运用 语境辨义/补全句子
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school,to which we were sincerely grateful.捐助
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives,I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.订阅
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy 赞同
④All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我们所有人都赞成这个观点:好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。
3.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
教材原文 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
感知 语言再输入
①Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.(外研选一U5)
②Anyone suspected of drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb/sth to be/as... 怀疑某人/某物是……
suspect that... 怀疑……
(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Suspected(suspect) of violating traffic rules,he was questioned by the police.
②We all suspected her to be(be) an actress,but no one knew her.
③I once suspected that he had stolen the money,but later it turned out that I was wrong.
我曾怀疑他偷了钱,但后来证明我错了。
④The boss suspects him of setting fire but doesn’t have enough proof.
老板怀疑他纵火,但没有足够的证据。
4.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
教材原文 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
感知 语言再输入
①In my view,Li Hua,who broke the school rules,was to blame.
②Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)blame sb/sth for sth 因某事而责怪某人/某物
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for) (对坏事)负有责任
(2)lay/put the blame for sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物
take the blame for sth 承担对某事的责任
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
②Some people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame(blame) for the fire.
④Blamed for the failure of the performance,Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(情感描写)
由于演出失败而受到责备,蒂姆感到一阵悲伤,禁不住痛哭起来。
5.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
教材原文 Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证实了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司有关。
感知 语言再输入
①Undoubtedly,traditional Chinese culture provides a vital link between the present and the past.(传统文化)
②The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media.(译林选二U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)There is a link between...and... ……和……之间有联系
(2)link...to/with... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to... 与……有联系/有关
运用 补全句子
①The extinction of this kind of animals is closely linked to environmental pollution.(环境保护)
这种动物的灭绝与环境污染密切相关。
②There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits,and as a result,it is necessary for us to link physical health to/with healthy diets.
健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的,因此,我们有必要将身体健康和健康的饮食联系起来。
6.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
教材原文 Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始销售洁净的水,世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低。
感知 语言再输入
①Furthermore,the number of new students in our school decreased from 2,100 to 1,600 last year.
②The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)decrease by 减少了
decrease (from...) to (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面下降
(2)on the decrease 在下降;在减少
a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
②It’s reported that the number of violent crimes is on the decrease.
③There has been a progressive decrease in population every year in this city.
④The past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease of the whale number because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.(环境保护)
过去的五年见证了鲸鱼数量的急剧减少,因为它已经成为全世界非法捕猎的主要目标。
7.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变
教材原文 Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
感知 语言再输入
①The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.(外研选三U6)
②She used to be terribly shy,but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)transform...into... 使……转变成……
(2)transformation n. 变化;转变;改观
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete transformation (transform) of my hometown.
②Your generous help and kindness transformed my first Canada trip into an unforgettable memory.
你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。
片段巩固 用frustrated、suspect、blame、link、decrease完成下面的小短文
他看上去很沮丧。我怀疑他受到了欺凌。全社会都应该为校园欺凌承担责任,并采取防御措施来保护学生的身心健康。同时,为了避免与校园欺凌有关的伤害,学生应该学会如何保护自己免受欺凌。希望我们共同努力来减少此类事件的发生。
He 1.looked frustrated (系表结构).I 2.suspected him (谓语+宾语) of being bullied.The whole society 3.should take the blame for school bullying(情态动词+动词短语) and take defensive measures in defence of students’ physical and mental health.Meanwhile,to avoid the harm 4.linked to school bullying (过去分词短语作后置定语),a student should learn how to defend himself from being bullied.It is hoped that the number of such things 5.will be on the decrease with our joint efforts (一般将来时,介词短语).
典型句式练透
1.句型公式:until引导时间状语从句
教材原文 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
感知 语言再输入
①The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg,surpassing the terminal.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②“I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down,but I often feared that would happen,”she later posted.(外研选一U2)
记牢 知识再梳理
not...until...意为“直到……才……”;
not until...倒装结构:Not until+...+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+...。
not until...强调结构:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
运用 补全句子/句式升级
①I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.(2021·浙江6月卷)
我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
②I didn’t realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
→It wasn’t until I took part in the picking activity that I realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句型)
→Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize how important working with my own hands was.(倒装)
2.句型公式:so...that... 如此……以至于……
教材原文 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重,以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
感知 语言再输入
①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
②So ashamed was he that he could hardly utter even a single word.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)引导结果状语从句的两个句型:
①so+
②such+
(2)当so或such位于句首时,主句应用部分倒装语序。
运用 一句多译
我的叔叔是一个非常慷慨的人,以至于周围的人都很尊敬他。
→My uncle is such a generous person that he is highly thought of by the people around.(such)
→My uncle is so generous a person that he is highly thought of by the people around.(so)
→So generous a person/Such a generous person is my uncle that he is highly thought of by the people around.(倒装)
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
知识在现代社会中扮演着如此重要的角色以至于它已经成为我们发展的基础。因此,我们应该努力学习,丰富我们的知识。当然,未来几年似乎会有无数的障碍。只有致力于我们的国家,我们才能实现我们的中国梦,使国家更加繁荣。
Knowledge 1.plays so important a role in modern society that (so...that...) it has become the basis of our development.So we are expected to work hard and 2.have our knowledge enriched (have sth done).Naturally,3.it seems that (it形式主语) there will be countless barriers in the years to come.4.It is not until we commit ourselves to our country that (not until强调句式) we can realize our China Dream,making our country more prosperous.
高考热点微练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.vi.快速运动
②Employees subscribed for far more shares than were available.vi.认购股份
③This role has turned him into a household name.adj.家喻户晓的
④It was an event that would transform my life.vt.改变
2.选出handle的汉语意思
A.vt.处理 B.vt.操纵 C.n.把手
D.vt.(用手)触,拿
①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全国甲卷)D
②I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.B
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.C
④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.A
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.After a long research,the scientists found that some ideas were slightly contradictory (相互矛盾的).
2.After he got up,Jack washed his face at the water pump (泵) in front of the house.
3.Analyses were conducted on the raw (原始的) data.
4.Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of infection(感染).
5.Do you get very frustrated (懊恼的) by slow-moving traffic
6.He focused on his discovery and the statistics /st t st ks/ of his research.
7.Despite her good salary,my aunt measured out every dollar needed for household / ha sh ld/ expenses.
8.Owing to the severe environmental pollution,this species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
9.The businessman subscribes much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.
10.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as pure as they expect.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Exactly which bacteria cause the infection(infect) is still unknown.
2.He was struggling to make the transformation(transform) from a single man to a responsible husband.
3.If they were to act like that again,we should criticize them severely(severe).
4.This is one proof(prove) that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
5.Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely (pure) natural,which have small side effects.
6.All of them blamed the mistake on me,making me quite frustrated (frustrate) and depressed.
7.Besides,your disagreements can also get handled (handle) if you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
8.Generally,yellow is linked (link) with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
subscribe to,thanks to,decrease by,once and for all,suspect...of,be linked to
1.After overcoming the difficulty,the team proves once and for all that they are the best.
2.There are a number of people who subscribe to the proposal.
3.The devoted man was recommended as manager of the big company thanks to the recommendation of his professor.
4.Due to the economic recession,house prices in that area have decreased by 3%.
5.The man suspected of stealing the car felt frustrated when hearing the trial result.
6.The proof we collected shows that the spread of the disease is linked to the polluted water.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses.(have+宾语+宾语补足语)
我们开始帮忙摘桃子,然后让人把它们送到农民家里。
2.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He was so upset that,at first,he wanted to keep it a secret.(so...that...)(译林选一U2)
听力的丧失使贝多芬深感沮丧。他是如此难过以至于一开始他想保守秘密。
3.Our city witnesses four different seasons,with plenty of sunshine and good rainfall,but in winter you may feel a little cold.(拟人)
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节,阳光充足、雨量充沛,但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。
4.It was not until I heard the news that I realised that I had won the contest.(not...until...句型的强调句)
直到我听到消息,我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。
5.It seems that everyone wants to do something for the celebration.(seem)
似乎每个人都想为庆典做些什么。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Turning on the air conditioning can bring sweet relief from the heat.But your resulting energy bill Not so much.What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise (前提) of Zheng Yi’s new invention.The associate professor at Northeastern University in Boston has created a sustainable material that can be used to make buildings or other objects able to keep cool without relying on conventional cooling systems.
Zheng imagines this material covering the roofs of houses or other buildings.The material,which Zheng has named “cooling paper”,has light colors and internal microstructure with many small holes.It reflects those warm solar rays away from the building,and it also absorbs heat inside—heat that is from electronics,cooking and human bodies.
Cooling paper is,in fact,made of paper.One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper.He thought to himself,“How could we simply transform that waste material into some functional energy material ”So,with the help of a highspeed blender (搅拌机) from his kitchen,Zheng made a pulp (浆状物) out of it and the material that makes up Teflon,a type of plastic.He then made it into waterproof “cooling paper” that could coat homes.Then,he and his team tested its ability to keep cool:it can reduce temperatures by as much as 6℃.He selected materials that would reduce the cost of using the new technology to cool homes.
The cooling paper isn’t just green in its ability to reduce your energy footprint.The material can be used,exposed to solar radiation and varying temperatures,and then reduced to a pulp(again)and remade without losing any of its cooling properties.“That is incredible!”Zheng says.“We thought there would be maybe 10 to 20 percent of loss,but no.It’s just as well as the original.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了波士顿东北大学的副教授郑义发明了一种可持续材料“冷却纸”,它可以在不依赖于传统的冷却系统的前提下冷却空气。
1.On what basis is Zheng’s new invention created
A.Relieving the discomforts of the heat.
B.Improving traditional cooling systems.
C.Cooling the air without electricity.
D.Reducing electricity use and costs.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise(前提)of Zheng Yi’s new invention.”可知,郑义的新发明的前提是房子可以自己保持冷却,即不使用电力。由此可知,郑义是基于“不使用电冷却空气”这一想法来进行发明创造的,故选C。]
2.What does the author say about the material in paragraph 2
A.It works in two ways.
B.It’s complexly structured.
C.It has limited applications.
D.It’s available in dark colors.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It reflects those warm solar rays away...cooking and human bodies.”可知,这种材料能将温暖的太阳光线反射出去,还能吸收来自室内的电子设备、烹饪和人体的热量。也就是说,这种材料有两种工作方式。]
3.Where did Zheng get inspiration for the cooling paper
A.From Teflon.
B.From a pulp.
C.From the blender.
D.From the waste paper.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper...He then made it into waterproof ‘cooling paper’ that could coat homes.”可知,一天,郑义看到一个装满用过的打印纸的箱子。他当时想是否能将这些废弃材料变为能源材料,然后他将其制成防水的“冷却纸”。由此可知,废纸给予了郑义发明冷却纸的灵感,故选D。]
4.Which aspect of the cooling paper is mainly stressed in the last paragraph
A.Its practicality.
B.Its recyclability.
C.Its heat resistance.
D.Its user-friendliness.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The material can be...losing any of its cooling properties.”可知,这种材料可以被使用,暴露在太阳辐射和不同的温度下,然后被还原成浆,并在不失去任何冷却性能的情况下被重新制作。由此可推知,最后一段在强调冷却纸是可回收利用的。A项“它的实用性”;B项“它的可回收利用性”;C项“它的耐热性”;D项“它的用户友好性”。故选B。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Many new parents worry about the sleep patterns of their newborns.They are 1 that their babies sleep too much.The fact is that babies sleep and it is perfectly 2 .Here are some facts about babies and sleep that may help to put the minds of 3 parents at ease.
The reality is that newborns sleep.There is not any cause for 4 if the babies sleep through most of the night and 5 sleep a great deal during the day. 6 the baby sleep reaches up to twenty hours per day,with 7 periods of wakefulness,there is no need to worry.
One of the 8 why babies sleep a lot is that they are still adjusting to a new environment,and experiencing rapid 9 at the same time.A lot of sleep for babies early on is a(n) 10 thing.Proper development demands that babies 11 a lot.Growth hormones (荷尔蒙) are produced by the pituitary gland (脑垂体) at a much faster rate while babies sleep.
Some parents 12 that their babies’ sleeping too much indicates some deficiency (缺陷) in their 13 skills.This is not the case at all.Babies sleep because they 14 it,not to escape parents who are inattentive or 15 in some manner.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章为新手父母解开了婴儿嗜睡之谜。
1.A.concerned B.guilty
C.curious D.annoyed
答案 A [根据上句中的“worry about”可知,新手父母“担心(concerned)”婴儿睡觉过多。]
2.A.simple B.certain
C.special D.normal
答案 D [根据第二段中的“The reality is that newborns sleep.”及“there is no need to worry”可知,婴儿嗜睡是很“正常的(normal)”。]
3.A.strong-minded B.single-minded
C.full-time D.first-time
答案 D [根据本段第一句中的“new parents”可知,此处是说宽慰“第一次(first-time)”做父母的人。]
4.A.alarm B.caution
C.complaint D.horror
答案 A [根据上一句内容及本段末的“there is no need to worry”可知,不必因为婴儿几乎整夜睡觉,白天“仍然(still)”睡很长时间而“惊慌(alarm)”。]
5.A.just B.seldom
C.still D.already
答案 C [参见上题解析。]
6.A.Every time B.Even if
C.Now that D.Soon after
答案 B [“即使(Even if)”婴儿的睡觉时间达到一天20个小时也不必担忧。]
7.A.early B.late
C.long D.short
答案 D [根据本空前的“twenty hours per day”可知,一天睡20个小时的话,清醒的时间应该很“短(short)”。]
8.A.rules B.reasons
C.examples D.goals
答案 B [本句中的“they are still adjusting to...at the same time”是婴儿嗜睡的一个“原因(reasons)”。]
9.A.growth B.increase
C.recovery D.formation
答案 A [根据本段中的“development”、“Growth hormones (荷尔蒙)”及常识可知,婴儿的“成长(growth)”速度很快。]
10.A.private B.good
C.interesting D.easy
答案 B [根据本段最后一句内容可知,婴儿睡觉的时候,脑垂体分泌成长荷尔蒙的速度更快,因此早期的婴儿多睡觉是件“好(good)”事,婴儿的正常成长需要他们多“睡觉(sleep)”。]
11.A.eat B.rest
C.sleep D.play
答案 C [参见上题解析。]
12.A.admit B.understand
C.realize D.think
答案 D [一些家长“认为(think)”婴儿睡觉过多表明他们“育儿(parenting)”技能不足。]
13.A.learning B.management
C.parenting D.communication
答案 C [参见上题解析。]
14.A.love B.mean
C.need D.accept
答案 C [根据上段内容可知,婴儿嗜睡是因为他们的成长“需要(need)”充足的睡眠。]
15.A.inactive B.inadequate
C.inconvenient D.indifferent
答案 B [根据本段中的“deficiency”及“inattentive”可知,这里指婴儿嗜睡不是为了躲避疏忽大意、“不胜任的(inadequate)”父母。](共88张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Reading and Thinking—
Language points
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1. /sI vI (r)/ adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的
2. /s b skra b/ vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
3. /s spekt/ vt.& vi.怀疑; 疑有;不信任 / s spekt/ n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
4. /bleIm/ vt.把……归咎于; 责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
5. / h ndl/ n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵(车辆、动物、工具等);(用手)触碰
severe
subscribe
suspect
blame
handle
6. /l k/ n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
7. /s b st n l/ adj.大量的; 价值巨大的;重大的
8. / di kri s/ n.减少;降低;减少量
/dI kri s/ vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
9. /tr ns f m/ vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变
link
substantial
decrease
transform
[拓展单词·用活]
1. /fr streItId/ adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼;使沮丧→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustration n.沮丧;懊恼;挫折
2. /In fek n/ n.感染;传染→ /In fekt/ vt.使感染;传染→infectious adj.感染的;传染性的;有感染力的
3. /pru f/ n.证据;证明;检验→prove vt.证明;证明是
frustrated
infection
infect
proof
4. / m lt pl/ adj.数量多的; 多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖
5. / Int ven n/ n.介入;出面; 干涉→intervene vi.干预;介入
6. /pj (r)/ adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地;纯粹地→purify vt.净化;使……洁净
multiple
intervention
pure
[阅读单词·识记]
1.contradictory / k ntr dIkt ri/ adj.
2.germ /d m/ n.
3.pump /p mp/ n.
4.household / ha sh ld/ n.
5.raw /r / adj.
6.statistic /st t st k/ n.[pl.-s]
7.microscope / ma kr sk p/ n.
相互矛盾的;对立的;不一致的
微生物;细菌;病菌
泵;抽水机;打气筒
一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的
统计数字;统计资料;统计学
显微镜
[重点短语·再现]
1. 把……与……联系起来
2. 最终地;彻底地
3. 同意;赞同
4. 幸亏;由于
5. (对某事)负有责任
6. 怀疑某人某事
link...to/with...
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
be to blame
suspect sb of sth
7.be likely to do sth
8.die from the disease
9.become a famous doctor
10.attend to
11.be infected by waste
12.be polluted by raw waste
有可能去做某事
死于这种疾病
成为一名著名医生
关怀;照料;处理
被废弃物感染
被未处理的废弃物污染
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] until引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, .
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it
could be overcome
2.[句型公式] so...that... 如此……以至于……
[教材原句] He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱疫情在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重,以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
so severe that
3.[句型公式] It seems/seemed that... 好像……;似乎……
[教材原句] the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
这名妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水,以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。
It seemed that
4.[句型公式] have sth done让/请某人做某事;使某事被做
[教材原句] Accordingly,he
so that it could not be used.
于是,他让人拆掉了水泵的把手,这样水泵就不能用了。
had the handle of the
pump removed
5.[句型公式] 无生命名词+see/find/...
[教材原句] Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world
.
经过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始销售洁净的水,世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低。
saw a substantial decrease
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
典型句式练透
核心单词练透
1.frustrated adj.懊恼的;沮丧的;失意的
教材原文 As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱,年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到沮丧。
感知 语言再输入
①Frustrated and disappointed,I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.(心理描写)
②Although this can be frustrating,it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
(2)frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustrate vt. 挫败;阻挠;使感到灰心
frustration n. 懊恼,沮丧;挫败
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It’s not just about sharing sweets or (frustrate); it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.
②If we feel sad and (frustrate),we can choose the music which gives us power and makes us refreshed.
③I in the contest and
welled up in my eyes.(心理描写)
我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧,我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的泪水。
frustration
frustrated
was frustrated at my poor performance
tears of frustration
2.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费)
教材原文 Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
感知 语言再输入
①All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
②If you subscribe to this newspaper,you’ll get an extra magazine.
(推荐信)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)subscribe to 同意;赞同;订购;捐助
subscribe...to... 向……捐……
(2)subscriber n. 订阅人;订购者;定期捐款者
运用 语境辨义/补全句子
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school,to which we were sincerely grateful.
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives,I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy
捐助
订阅
赞同
④All of us a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我们所有人都赞成这个观点:好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。
subscribe to the view that
3.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象
教材原文 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
感知 语言再输入
①Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
(外研选一U5)
②Anyone suspected of drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb/sth to be/as... 怀疑某人/某物是……
suspect that... 怀疑……
(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
① (suspect) of violating traffic rules,he was questioned by the police.
②We all suspected her (be) an actress,but no one knew her.
③I once , but later it turned out that I was wrong.
我曾怀疑他偷了钱,但后来证明我错了。
Suspected
to be
suspected that he had stolen the money
④The boss but doesn’t have enough proof.
老板怀疑他纵火,但没有足够的证据。
suspects him of setting fire
4.blame vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责
教材原文 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
感知 语言再输入
①In my view,Li Hua,who broke the school rules,was to blame.
②Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)blame sb/sth for sth 因某事而责怪某人/某物
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for) (对坏事)负有责任
(2)lay/put the blame for sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物
take the blame for sth 承担对某事的责任
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①We were ready to take the blame what had happened.
②Some people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame the alarm clock.
③Officials believe that more than one person may be _____________
(blame) for the fire.
for
on
to blame
④ , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(情感描写)
由于演出失败而受到责备,蒂姆感到一阵悲伤,禁不住痛哭起来。
Blamed for the failure of the performance
5.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
教材原文 Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯诺之后还证实了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司有关。
感知 语言再输入
①Undoubtedly,traditional Chinese culture provides a vital link between the present and the past.(传统文化)
②The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media.(译林选二U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)There is a link between...and... ……和……之间有联系
(2)link...to/with... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to... 与……有联系/有关
运用 补全句子
①The extinction of this kind of animals
environmental pollution.(环境保护)
这种动物的灭绝与环境污染密切相关。
② , and as a result, it is necessary for us to .
健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的,因此,我们有必要将身体健康和健康的饮食联系起来。
is closely linked to
There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits
link physical health
to/with healthy diets
6.decrease n.减少;降低;减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少;减小;降低
教材原文 Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.经过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始销售洁净的水,世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅度降低。
感知 语言再输入
①Furthermore,the number of new students in our school decreased from 2,100 to 1,600 last year.
②The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)decrease by 减少了
decrease (from...) to (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面下降
(2)on the decrease 在下降;在减少
a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased 30% last year.
②It’s reported that the number of violent crimes is the decrease.
③There has been a progressive decrease population every year in this city.
by
on
in
④ because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.(环境保护)
过去的五年见证了鲸鱼数量的急剧减少,因为它已经成为全世界非法捕猎的主要目标。
The past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease
of the whale number
7.transform vt.使改观;使改变形态vi.改变;转变
教材原文 Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
感知 语言再输入
①The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.(外研选三U6)
②She used to be terribly shy,but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)transform...into... 使……转变成……
(2)transformation n. 变化;转变;改观
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete _________________
(transform) of my hometown.
②Your generous help and kindness an unforgettable memory.
你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。
transformation
transformed my first
Canada trip into
片段巩固 用frustrated、suspect、blame、link、decrease完成下面的小短文
他看上去很沮丧。我怀疑他受到了欺凌。全社会都应该为校园欺凌承担责任,并采取防御措施来保护学生的身心健康。同时,为了避免与校园欺凌有关的伤害,学生应该学会如何保护自己免受欺凌。希望我们共同努力来减少此类事件的发生。
He 1. (系表结构).I 2. (谓语+宾语) of being bullied.The whole society 3.
(情态动词+动词短语) and take defensive measures in defence of students’ physical and mental health.Meanwhile,to avoid the harm
4. (过去分词短语作后置定语),a student should learn how to defend himself from being bullied.It is hoped that the number of such things 5. (一般将来时,介词短语).
looked frustrated
suspected him
should take the blame for school bullying
linked to school bullying
will be on the
decrease with our joint efforts
1.句型公式:until引导时间状语从句
教材原文 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前,霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
典型句式练透
感知 语言再输入
①The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg, surpassing the terminal.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②“I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down,but I often feared that would happen,”she later posted.
(外研选一U2)
记牢 知识再梳理
not...until...意为“直到……才……”;
not until...倒装结构:Not until+...+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+...。
not until...强调结构:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
运用 补全句子/句式升级
①I would
to help my father buy a new tractor.(2021·浙江6月卷)
我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
keep working on the farm until I earned enough money
②I didn’t realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
→
I realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句型)
→
how important working with my own hands was.(倒装)
It wasn’t until I took part in the picking activity that
Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize
2.句型公式:so...that... 如此……以至于……
教材原文 He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得非常严重,以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。
感知 语言再输入
①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
②So ashamed was he that he could hardly utter even a single word.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)引导结果状语从句的两个句型:
①so+
②such+
(2)当so或such位于句首时,主句应用部分倒装语序。
运用 一句多译
我的叔叔是一个非常慷慨的人,以至于周围的人都很尊敬他。
→My uncle is he is highly thought of by the people around.(such)
→My uncle is he is highly thought of by the people around.(so)
→
he is highly thought of by the people around.(倒装)
such a generous person that
so generous a person that
So generous a person/Such a generous person is my uncle that
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
知识在现代社会中扮演着如此重要的角色以至于它已经成为我们发展的基础。因此,我们应该努力学习,丰富我们的知识。当然,未来几年似乎会有无数的障碍。只有致力于我们的国家,我们才能实现我们的中国梦,使国家更加繁荣。
Knowledge 1.
(so...that...) it has become the basis of our development.So we are expected to work hard and 2.
(have sth done).Naturally, 3.
(it形式主语) there will be countless barriers in the years to come.
4.
(not until强调句式) we can realize our China Dream,making our country more prosperous.
plays so important a role in modern society that
have our knowledge enriched
it seems that
It is not until we commit ourselves to our country that
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.
②Employees subscribed for far more shares than were available.
③This role has turned him into a household name.
④It was an event that would transform my life.
vi.快速运动
高考热点微练
vi.认购股份
adj.家喻户晓的
vt.改变
2.选出handle的汉语意思
A.vt.处理 B.vt.操纵 C.n.把手 D.vt.(用手)触,拿
①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全国甲卷)
②I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.
D
B
C
A
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.After a long research,the scientists found that some ideas were slightly (相互矛盾的).
2.After he got up,Jack washed his face at the water _____________
(泵) in front of the house.
3.Analyses were conducted on the (原始的) data.
contradictory
pump
raw
4.Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of
(感染).
5.Do you get very (懊恼的) by slow-moving traffic
6.He focused on his discovery and the /st t st ks/ of his research.
7.Despite her good salary,my aunt measured out every dollar needed for / ha sh ld/ expenses.
infection
frustrated
statistics
household
8.Owing to the severe environmental pollution,this species of bird is
d in number every year.
9.The businessman s much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.
10.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as p as they expect.
ecreasing
ubscribes
ure
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown.
2.He was struggling to make the (transform) from a single man to a responsible husband.
3.If they were to act like that again,we should criticize them
(severe).
4.This is one (prove) that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
infection
transformation
severely
proof
5.Chinese herbs come from materials that are ____________________
(pure) natural,which have small side effects.
6.All of them blamed the mistake on me,making me quite
(frustrate) and depressed.
7.Besides,your disagreements can also get (handle) if you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
8.Generally,yellow is (link) with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.
purely
frustrated
handled
linked
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
subscribe to,thanks to,decrease by,once and for all,suspect...of,be linked to
1.After overcoming the difficulty,the team proves ________________
that they are the best.
2.There are a number of people who the proposal.
3.The devoted man was recommended as manager of the big company the recommendation of his professor.
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
4.Due to the economic recession,house prices in that area have
3%.
5.The man stealing the car felt frustrated when hearing the trial result.
6.The proof we collected shows that the spread of the disease
the polluted water.
decreased by
suspected of
is linked to
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.We began to help pick peaches and then . (have+宾语+宾语补足语)
我们开始帮忙摘桃子,然后让人把它们送到农民家里。
2.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He
.
(so...that...)(译林选一U2)
听力的丧失使贝多芬深感沮丧。他是如此难过以至于一开始他想保守秘密。
had them delivered
to the farmers’ houses
was so upset that,at first,he wanted to keep it a secret
3.Our city ,with plenty of sunshine and good rainfall,but in winter you may feel a little cold.
(拟人)
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节,阳光充足、雨量充沛,但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。
4.
I had won the contest. (not...until...句型的强调句)
直到我听到消息,我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。
witnesses four different seasons
It was not until I heard the news that I realised that
5. everyone wants to do something for the celebration.(seem)
似乎每个人都想为庆典做些什么。
It seems that
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
Turning on the air conditioning can bring sweet relief from the heat.But your resulting energy bill Not so much.What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise (前提) of Zheng Yi’s new invention.The associate professor at Northeastern University in Boston has created a sustainable material that can be used to make buildings or other objects able to keep cool without relying on conventional cooling systems.
Zheng imagines this material covering the roofs of houses or other buildings.The material,which Zheng has named “cooling paper”,has light colors and internal microstructure with many small holes.It reflects those warm solar rays away from the building,and it also absorbs heat inside—heat that is from electronics,cooking and human bodies.
Cooling paper is,in fact,made of paper.One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper.He thought to himself,“How could we simply transform that waste material into some functional energy material ”So,with the help of a highspeed blender (搅拌机) from his kitchen,Zheng made a pulp (浆状物) out of it and the material that makes up Teflon,a type of plastic.He then made it into waterproof “cooling paper” that could coat homes.Then,he and his team tested its ability to keep cool:it can reduce temperatures by as much as 6℃.He selected materials that would reduce the cost of using the new technology to cool homes.
The cooling paper isn’t just green in its ability to reduce your energy footprint.The material can be used,exposed to solar radiation and varying temperatures,and then reduced to a pulp(again)and remade without losing any of its cooling properties.“That is incredible!”Zheng says.“We thought there would be maybe 10 to 20 percent of loss,but no.It’s just as well as the original.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了波士顿东北大学的副教授郑义发明了一种可持续材料“冷却纸”,它可以在不依赖于传统的冷却系统的前提下冷却空气。
1.On what basis is Zheng’s new invention created
A.Relieving the discomforts of the heat.
B.Improving traditional cooling systems.
C.Cooling the air without electricity.
D.Reducing electricity use and costs.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise(前提)of Zheng Yi’s new invention.”可知,郑义的新发明的前提是房子可以自己保持冷却,即不使用电力。由此可知,郑义是基于“不使用电冷却空气”这一想法来进行发明创造的,故选C。
2.What does the author say about the material in paragraph 2
A.It works in two ways. B.It’s complexly structured.
C.It has limited applications. D.It’s available in dark colors.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It reflects those warm solar rays away...cooking and human bodies.”可知,这种材料能将温暖的太阳光线反射出去,还能吸收来自室内的电子设备、烹饪和人体的热量。也就是说,这种材料有两种工作方式。
√
3.Where did Zheng get inspiration for the cooling paper
A.From Teflon. B.From a pulp.
C.From the blender. D.From the waste paper.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper...He then made it into waterproof ‘cooling paper’ that could coat homes.”可知,一天,郑义看到一个装满用过的打印纸的箱子。他当时想是否能将这些废弃材料变为能源材料,然后他将其制成防水的“冷却纸”。由此可知,废纸给予了郑义发明冷却纸的灵感,故选D。
√
4.Which aspect of the cooling paper is mainly stressed in the last paragraph
A.Its practicality.
B.Its recyclability.
C.Its heat resistance.
D.Its user-friendliness.
√
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The material can be...losing any of its cooling properties.”可知,这种材料可以被使用,暴露在太阳辐射和不同的温度下,然后被还原成浆,并在不失去任何冷却性能的情况下被重新制作。由此可推知,最后一段在强调冷却纸是可回收利用的。A项“它的实用性”;B项“它的可回收利用性”;C项“它的耐热性”;D项“它的用户友好性”。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Many new parents worry about the sleep patterns of their newborns.They are 1 that their babies sleep too much.The fact is that babies sleep and it is perfectly 2 .Here are some facts about babies and sleep that may help to put the minds of 3 parents at ease.
The reality is that newborns sleep.There is not any cause for 4 if the babies sleep through most of the night and 5 sleep a great deal during the day. 6 the baby sleep reaches up to twenty hours per day,with 7 periods of wakefulness,there is no need to worry.
One of the 8 why babies sleep a lot is that they are still adjusting to a new environment,and experiencing rapid 9 at the same time.A lot of sleep for babies early on is a(n) 10 thing. Proper development demands that babies 11 a lot.Growth hormones (荷尔蒙) are produced by the pituitary gland (脑垂体) at a much faster rate while babies sleep.
Some parents 12 that their babies’ sleeping too much indicates some deficiency (缺陷) in their 13 skills.This is not the case at all.Babies sleep because they 14 it,not to escape parents who are inattentive or 15 in some manner.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章为新手父母解开了婴儿嗜睡之谜。
1.A.concerned B.guilty C.curious D.annoyed
解析 根据上句中的“worry about”可知,新手父母“担心(concerned)”婴儿睡觉过多。
2.A.simple B.certain C.special D.normal
解析 根据第二段中的“The reality is that newborns sleep.”及“there is no need to worry”可知,婴儿嗜睡是很“正常的(normal)”。
√
√
3.A.strong-minded B.single-minded
C.full-time D.first-time
解析 根据本段第一句中的“new parents”可知,此处是说宽慰“第一次(first-time)”做父母的人。
4.A.alarm B.caution C.complaint D.horror
解析 根据上一句内容及本段末的“there is no need to worry”可知,不必因为婴儿几乎整夜睡觉,白天“仍然(still)”睡很长时间而“惊慌(alarm)”。
√
√
5.A.just B.seldom C.still D.already
解析 参见上题解析。
6.A.Every time B.Even if C.Now that D.Soon after
解析 “即使(Even if)”婴儿的睡觉时间达到一天20个小时也不必担忧。
√
√
7.A.early B.late C.long D.short
解析 根据本空前的“twenty hours per day”可知,一天睡20个小时的话,清醒的时间应该很“短(short)”。
8.A.rules B.reasons C.examples D.goals
解析 本句中的“they are still adjusting to...at the same time”是婴儿嗜睡的一个“原因(reasons)”。
√
√
9.A.growth B.increase C.recovery D.formation
解析 根据本段中的“development”、“Growth hormones (荷尔蒙)”及常识可知,婴儿的“成长(growth)”速度很快。
10.A.private B.good C.interesting D.easy
解析 根据本段最后一句内容可知,婴儿睡觉的时候,脑垂体分泌成长荷尔蒙的速度更快,因此早期的婴儿多睡觉是件“好(good)”事,婴儿的正常成长需要他们多“睡觉(sleep)”。
√
√
11.A.eat B.rest C.sleep D.play
解析 参见上题解析。
12.A.admit B.understand C.realize D.think
解析 一些家长“认为(think)”婴儿睡觉过多表明他们“育儿(parenting)”技能不足。
√
√
13.A.learning B.management
C.parenting D.communication
解析 参见上题解析。
14.A.love B.mean C.need D.accept
解析 根据上段内容可知,婴儿嗜睡是因为他们的成长“需要(need)”充足的睡眠。
√
√
15.A.inactive B.inadequate
C.inconvenient D.indifferent
解析 根据本段中的“deficiency”及“inattentive”可知,这里指婴儿嗜睡不是为了躲避疏忽大意、“不胜任的(inadequate)”父母。
√
