(共55张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
语法知识过关
内
容
索
引
课时测评作业
语 法 知 识 过 关
Grammar——表语从句
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句,叫作表语从句,常位于系动词之后,用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。常见引导表语从句的连接词有:that、whether、what/whatever、who/whoever、when、where、why、because、as if/though等。
一、that引导的表语从句
[先感知]
The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World.(译林选三U3)
这位伟大的探险家的主要贡献是他“发现”了新大陆。
[会发现]
句中是 引导表语从句,在从句中不作任何成分。
that
[明规则]
连接词that引导表语从句,在从句中不充当成分,无意义,但是不能省略。
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.(2024·浙江1月卷)
在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。
小题集训 用适当的连接词填空
①What surprised me most was the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
②His suggestion was all the old people should be taken good care of by the government.
that
that
二、whether引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①The issue is whether we should take part in the speech competition.(译林选三U3)
问题是我们是否应该参加演讲比赛。
②His first question was whether rescue workers had arrived yet.
他的第一个问题是救援人员是否已经到达。
[会发现]
句①、②中 均引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,意为“ ”。
[明规则]
1.whether引导表语从句时在从句中不作任何成分,whether意为“是否”。
2.if不能引导表语从句。
whether
是否
小题集训 补全句子
①Our common concern is
.
我们共同的担心是人工智能是否会取代人类。
②The question,however,is
.
然而,问题是,这是否是发展中国家最需要的。
whether AI will take the place
of human beings
whether this is what the
developing countries need the most
三、连接代词引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. 动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。
②The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
[会发现]
句①中 引导表语从句,在从句中作 ,意为“……的东西”;句②中 引导表语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“ ”。
[明规则]
连接代词who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、which(ever)引导表语从句时,该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
what
宾语
who
谁
小题集训 用适当的连接词填空
①This is my teacher has taught me—always to be honest and I am.
②The problem is can take the place of Jim.
③What I want to know is words are helpful.
what
who
whose
四、连接副词引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible.(外研必一U2)
那就是星星出来时,它们可以被看到,但是当灯熄灭后,它们不能被看到的原因。
②The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.(外研选三U2)
八岁时,他开始每天练习京剧。
[会发现]
句①中 引导表语从句,在从句中作 ,意为“……的原因”;句②中 引导表语从句,在从句中作 ,意为“……的时间”。
[明规则]
连接副词when、where、how引导表语从句时,除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中往往作时间、地点、方式状语。
why
状语
when
状语
小题集训 用适当的连接词填空
①My problem is we can finish such a difficult task in three days.It’s simply impossible.
②The question is he can arrive at the hotel.
③You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights,and this is I disagree.
how
when/how
where
五、why与because引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①I didn’t phone her,and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她生我气的原因。(强调她生气这一结果)
②I didn’t phone her,and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话,那是因为我生她的气。(强调没打电话的原因)
③The reason why I didn’t reply in time was that I went on a trip with my parents last weekend.
我没有及时答复的原因是上周末我和父母去旅行了。
[会发现]
句①、②中的why、because均引导 从句;句③中的reason作主语,其表语从句由 引导,why引导 从句。
[明规则]
1.why与because引导表语从句的区别
“This/That is why...”意为“这/那是……的原因”,强调结果;“This/That is because...”意为“这/那是因为……”,强调原因。
2.reason作主语时的表语从句
reason作主语时,表语从句的连接词往往是that,一般不用because。
表语
that
定语
小题集训 补全句子
①David was injured in the training. he didn’t take part in the Olympic Games.
大卫在训练中受伤了,那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。
②He did not see the film last night. he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
That was why
That was because
③The reason
he was ill.
他缺席会议的原因是他病了。
why he was absent from the meeting was that
六、as if/though引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!(外研选四U2)
读这本书让我感觉好像从漫长的睡眠中醒来,终于睁开了眼睛看世界!
②It looks as if it is going to rain.I need to rush to the classrooms whose windows are open.(译林选四U2)
看起来好像要下雨了。我得赶紧去那些窗户开着的教室。
[会发现]
句①中as if引导表语从句,从句用 ;句②中as if引导表语从句,从句用 。
[明规则]
(1)as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem、appear、look、taste、sound、feel等之后。
虚拟语气
陈述语气
(2)当说话者认为所述真实或极有可能发生时,as if从句用陈述语气;当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。用法如下:
①若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语用一般过去时(be 用were);
②若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用过去完成时;
③若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
小题集训 单句语法填空
①I felt as if my head (be)splitting.
②It looks as if he (be) looking for something.
were
is
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
维度一 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.
2.What he really means is he disagrees with us.
3.Your dictionary is still you put it yesterday.
4.He looks he is ill from his pale face.
what
that
where
as if/though
5.I drove to Zhuhai last week and that was I had a few days off.
6.The question discussed at the meeting was it was worth trying.
7.We should love our school because this is we live and study every day.
8.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That is I got wet through.
why
whether
where
why
9.You always make the same mistakes in the exams.I think that is
you are too nervous.
10.The reason why Hollywood was a good place for making movies was the sun shines there every day.
because
that
维度二 语法与写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1.I am wild with joy. held last Sunday.
我非常高兴。这是因为我已在上周日举行的演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
2. in English.
这就是她毫不费力用英语与外国人交流的原因。
This is because I have won first prize in
the speech competition
This is why she has no difficulty (in) communicating with
foreigners
3.
to protect the environment.
我的建议是我们应该为了保护环境过低碳生活。
4.I enjoy the rhythm of the exercise a lot and
.
我非常喜欢运动的节奏,感觉我好像在一个美丽的舞台上跳舞。
My suggestion is that we (should) live a low-carbon life
I feel as if I were dancing on a beautiful stage
5.The most important thing is .
最重要的事情是我可以放松并欣赏美丽的景色。
6.Respecting others is
when getting along with others.
与人相处时,尊重他人是我们应该重视的。
that I can relax and enjoy
the beautiful scenery
what we should value
维度三 语段翻译(每小题2分,共8分)
尽可能多地运用表语从句翻译下列语段
Tears of sadness poured down my cheeks.This was 1. .It seemed 2. .The key problem was that I completely lost confidence.Luckily,my English teacher’s suggestion was 3. . The most important was 4. . Gradually,a smile appeared on my face again.
because I failed the English exam
as if I were thrown into the world of hopelessness
that I (should) memorize more words
how I could apply what I learned
to practice
悲伤的泪水顺着我的脸颊流淌。这是因为我英语没考及格。似乎我陷入绝望的世界。关键问题是我完全失去了信心。幸运的是,我英语老师的建议是我应该多记单词。最重要的是我如何把所学的东西应用到实践中。逐渐地,我脸上又露出了笑容。
维度四 语法与语篇(每小题1.5分,共10.5分)
阅读下面短文,用适当的连接词填空。
The fact is 1. Wendy was a famous writer, but no one knew where she came from and the question remained
2. she was born in 1961.What they did know was 3. she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money. Despite this,some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so narrow-minded was
that
whether
that
4. Wendy couldn’t understand,but it seemed
5. she didn’t care.The most important thing was
6. she just wanted to do whatever she thought was right.She thought that was 7. the meaning of life lay.
what
as if
that
where
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little-explored far side of the moon in a global first.
The probe landed in the Inner Mongolian region in northern China on Tuesday afternoon.
“I now declare that the Chang’e 6 Lunar Exploration Mission achieved complete success,” Zhang Kejian,director of the China National Space Administration,said in a televised news conference after the landing.
Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples will include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides.
The near side is what is seen from Earth,and the far side faces outer space.The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑),contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.
The probe had landed in the moon’s South Pole—Aitken Basin,an impact crater created more than 4 billion years ago.The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin,which will bear traces of the different geological events across its long chronology (年表),such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside that could produce volcanic rock.
China in recent years has launched multiple successful missions to the moon,collecting samples from the moon’s near side with the Chang’e 5 probe previously.
They are also hoping that the probe will return with material that bears traces of meteorite (陨石) strikes from the moon’s past.That material could shed light on the solar system’s early days.There’s a theory that the moon acted as a vacuum (真空) cleaner of sorts, attracting all the meteorites in the system’s earlier era so that they didn’t hit Earth,said Richard de Grijs,who is also executive director at the International Space Science Institute.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了嫦娥六号探测器首次带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本。
1.What makes Chang’e 6’s mission unique in lunar exploration history
A.Landing on the moon’s South Pole.
B.Confirming lunar water presence.
C.Collecting the moon’s far-side samples.
D.Returning samples from the near side.
√
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little-explored far side of the moon in a global first.”可知,嫦娥六号探测器带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本,这是全球首次,这使得嫦娥六号的任务在月球探测史上独一无二。故选C。
2.What may distinguish the moon’s far side from its near side
A.Fewer craters. B.Earth visibility.
C.Rough lands. D.Plains dominance.
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段“The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑),contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.”可知,远侧有山和撞击坑,即远侧地面高低不平。故选C。
√
3.What might the Chang’e 6’s samples help to know
A.Lunar internal activity. B.Origin of the moon.
C.Moon’s formation timeline. D.Earth’s impact on the moon.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinese scientists anticipate the... on the moon’s two sides.”以及第六段“The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin,...”可知,科学家希望这些物质能够回答有关月球两侧地理差异的问题,这些样本可能来自盆地的不同层,样本可能有助于了解月球的内部活动。故选A。
√
4.What role might the moon have played in the early solar system according to Richard de Grijs
A.Creating the solar system.
B.Causing meteorites to form.
C.Attracting meteorites for study.
D.Protecting Earth from meteorites.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段“There’s a theory that...at the International Space Science Institute.”可知,根据Richard de Grijs的说法,月球在早期太阳系中可能吸引了所有陨石,防止它们撞击地球,即保护地球免受早期太阳系中陨石的撞击。故选D。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
Baduanjin,a form of 1. (fit),has been popular with Chinese younger people thanks to its health benefits.
Last year,fashion designer Jiang Xi took up Baduanjin.She posted videos of her practicing Baduanjin on social media,and attracted more than 10,000 followers in four months.Most of her followers 2. (age) between 20 to 30.“3._____________ practicing Baduanjin,all you need to do is to focus on your body and
health,moving slowly in 4. comfortable rhythm,and liberate yourself from the anxiety of living alone in big cities,” said Jiang Xi.Under her influence and persuasion,Jiang Xi’s older brother Jiang Nan also became a vlogger of Baduanjin.5. (live) in different cities,the siblings (兄弟姐妹) have found new kinship ties in Baduanjin.
Every week,a group of youngers practice Taichi by the lake in Xiaogang Park of Guangzhou city,south China’s Guangdong Province. Feng Junhua is the organizer of martial arts practicing.He gathers youngsters 6. (interest) in martial arts and health maintenance,and finds a 7. (delight) place in the park to relax their bodies.“Practicing martial arts is low-cost and people are free 8. the burden of socializing.These factors attract young people in the metropolis to participate.” said Feng.
Traditional Chinese culture requires the inheritance of young
9. (generation).Young people are seeking their inner “order” in an evolving world.Traditional martial arts have brought a concrete and natural way of life in line with their inner selves.They are 10. young people and traditional Chinese culture blend (融合).
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了八段锦这种健身方式。
1.fitness [考查词性转换。句意:八段锦是一种健身方式,由于其对健康的好处,在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。作介词的宾语,应用名词,故填fitness。]
2.are aged [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:她的大多数粉丝年龄在20到30岁之间。表示“年龄为”短语为be aged,此处陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为Most of her followers,谓语用复数。故填are aged。]
3.While/When [考查状语从句。句意:“在练习八段锦时,你所需要做的就是关注自己的身体和健康,以舒适的节奏慢慢移动,把自己从大城市独自生活的焦虑中解放出来。”引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”且位于句首,应用While/When。故填While/When。]
4.a [考查冠词。此处rhythm为泛指,且comfortable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。]
5.Living [考查非谓语动词。句意:生活在不同城市,这对兄妹在八段锦找到了新的血缘关系。此处live与siblings构成主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Living。]
6.interested [考查词性转换。句意:他聚集了对武术和养生感兴趣的年轻人,在公园里找了一个令人愉快的地方放松身体。修饰名词youngsters,指人,应用形容词interested作后置定语。故填interested。]
7.delightful [考查词性转换。修饰名词place应用形容词delightful,故填delightful。]
8.from/of [考查介词。句意:练习武术成本低,而且人们可以摆脱社交的负担。短语be free from/of表示“摆脱”。故填from/of。]
9.generations [考查名词的单复数。句意:中国传统文化需要年轻一代的传承。此处数量大于一,应用generation的复数形式表示泛指。故填generations。]
10.where [考查名词性从句。句意:他们是年轻人和中国传统文化融合的地方。引导表语从句,从句缺少地点状语,故填where。]Section Ⅲ Learning About Language
Grammar——表语从句
在主从复合句中充当表语的从句,叫作表语从句,常位于系动词之后,用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。常见引导表语从句的连接词有:that、whether、what/whatever、who/whoever、when、where、why、because、as if/though等。
一、that引导的表语从句
[先感知]
The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World.(译林选三U3)
这位伟大的探险家的主要贡献是他“发现”了新大陆。
[会发现]
句中是that引导表语从句,在从句中不作任何成分。
[明规则]
连接词that引导表语从句,在从句中不充当成分,无意义,但是不能省略。
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.(2024·浙江1月卷)
在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。
小题集训 用适当的连接词填空
①What surprised me most was that the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
②His suggestion was that all the old people should be taken good care of by the government.
二、whether引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①The issue is whether we should take part in the speech competition.(译林选三U3)
问题是我们是否应该参加演讲比赛。
②His first question was whether rescue workers had arrived yet.
他的第一个问题是救援人员是否已经到达。
[会发现]
句①、②中whether均引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分,意为“是否”。
[明规则]
1.whether引导表语从句时在从句中不作任何成分,whether意为“是否”。
2.if不能引导表语从句。
小题集训 补全句子
①Our common concern is whether AI will take the place of human beings.
我们共同的担心是人工智能是否会取代人类。
②The question,however,is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.
然而,问题是,这是否是发展中国家最需要的。
三、连接代词引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。
②The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
[会发现]
句①中what引导表语从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“……的东西”;句②中who引导表语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“谁”。
[明规则]
连接代词who(ever)、whom(ever)、whose、what(ever)、which(ever)引导表语从句时,该类连接词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
小题集训 用适当的连接词填空
①This is what my teacher has taught me—always to be honest and I am.
②The problem is who can take the place of Jim.
③What I want to know is whose words are helpful.
四、连接副词引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①That is why when the stars are out,they are visible,but when the lights are out,they are invisible.(外研必一U2)
那就是星星出来时,它们可以被看到,但是当灯熄灭后,它们不能被看到的原因。
②The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.(外研选三U2)
八岁时,他开始每天练习京剧。
[会发现]
句①中why引导表语从句,在从句中作状语,意为“……的原因”;句②中when引导表语从句,在从句中作状语,意为“……的时间”。
[明规则]
连接副词when、where、how引导表语从句时,除在句中起连接作用外,在从句中往往作时间、地点、方式状语。
小题集训 用适当的连接词填空
①My problem is how we can finish such a difficult task in three days.It’s simply impossible.
②The question is when/how he can arrive at the hotel.
③You are saying that everyone has already had equal rights,and this is where I disagree.
五、why与because引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①I didn’t phone her,and that’s why she got angry with me.
我没有给她打电话,那就是她生我气的原因。(强调她生气这一结果)
②I didn’t phone her,and that’s because I got angry with her.
我没有给她打电话,那是因为我生她的气。(强调没打电话的原因)
③The reason why I didn’t reply in time was that I went on a trip with my parents last weekend.
我没有及时答复的原因是上周末我和父母去旅行了。
[会发现]
句①、②中的why、because均引导表语从句;
句③中的reason作主语,其表语从句由that引导,why引导定语从句。
[明规则]
1.why与because引导表语从句的区别
“This/That is why...”意为“这/那是……的原因”,强调结果;“This/That is because...”意为“这/那是因为……”,强调原因。
2.reason作主语时的表语从句
reason作主语时,表语从句的连接词往往是that,一般不用because。
小题集训 补全句子
①David was injured in the training.That was why he didn’t take part in the Olympic Games.
大卫在训练中受伤了,那就是他没有参加奥运会的原因。
②He did not see the film last night.That was because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没去看电影。那是因为他得帮他的妹妹做作业。
③The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he was ill.
他缺席会议的原因是他病了。
六、as if/though引导的表语从句
[先感知]
①Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!(外研选四U2)
读这本书让我感觉好像从漫长的睡眠中醒来,终于睁开了眼睛看世界!
②It looks as if it is going to rain.I need to rush to the classrooms whose windows are open.(译林选四U2)
看起来好像要下雨了。我得赶紧去那些窗户开着的教室。
[会发现]
句①中as if引导表语从句,从句用虚拟语气;句②中as if引导表语从句,从句用陈述语气。
[明规则]
(1)as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem、appear、look、taste、sound、feel等之后。
(2)当说话者认为所述真实或极有可能发生时,as if从句用陈述语气;当说话者认为所述不是事实或发生的可能性不大时,从句用虚拟语气。用法如下:
①若表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语用一般过去时(be 用were);
②若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语用过去完成时;
③若表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
小题集训 单句语法填空
①I felt as if my head were(be)splitting.
②It looks as if he is (be) looking for something.
[基础语境练]
维度一 单句语法填空(每小题1分,共10分)
1.The energy is what makes the cells able to do their work.
2.What he really means is that he disagrees with us.
3.Your dictionary is still where you put it yesterday.
4.He looks as if/though he is ill from his pale face.
5.I drove to Zhuhai last week and that was why I had a few days off.
6.The question discussed at the meeting was whether it was worth trying.
7.We should love our school because this is where we live and study every day.
8.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That is why I got wet through.
9.You always make the same mistakes in the exams.I think that is because you are too nervous.
10.The reason why Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day.
维度二 语法与写作(每小题2分,共12分)
1.I am wild with joy.This is because I have won first prize in the speech competition held last Sunday.
我非常高兴。这是因为我已在上周日举行的演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
2. This is why she has no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners in English.
这就是她毫不费力用英语与外国人交流的原因。
3. My suggestion is that we (should) live a low-carbon life to protect the environment.
我的建议是我们应该为了保护环境过低碳生活。
4.I enjoy the rhythm of the exercise a lot and I feel as if I were dancing on a beautiful stage.
我非常喜欢运动的节奏,感觉我好像在一个美丽的舞台上跳舞。
5.The most important thing is that I can relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
最重要的事情是我可以放松并欣赏美丽的景色。
6.Respecting others is what we should value when getting along with others.
与人相处时,尊重他人是我们应该重视的。
维度三 语段翻译(每小题2分,共8分)
尽可能多地运用表语从句翻译下列语段
Tears of sadness poured down my cheeks.This was 1.because I failed the English exam.It seemed 2.as if I were thrown into the world of hopelessness.The key problem was that I completely lost confidence.Luckily,my English teacher’s suggestion was 3.that I (should) memorize more words.The most important was 4.how I could apply what I learned to practice.Gradually,a smile appeared on my face again.
悲伤的泪水顺着我的脸颊流淌。这是因为我英语没考及格。似乎我陷入绝望的世界。关键问题是我完全失去了信心。幸运的是,我英语老师的建议是我应该多记单词。最重要的是我如何把所学的东西应用到实践中。逐渐地,我脸上又露出了笑容。
维度四 语法与语篇(每小题1.5分,共10.5分)
阅读下面短文,用适当的连接词填空。
The fact is 1.that Wendy was a famous writer,but no one knew where she came from and the question remained 2.whether she was born in 1961.What they did know was 3.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money.Despite this,some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so narrow-minded was 4.what Wendy couldn’t understand,but it seemed 5.as if she didn’t care.The most important thing was 6.that she just wanted to do whatever she thought was right.She thought that was 7.where the meaning of life lay.
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共10分)
China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little-explored far side of the moon in a global first.
The probe landed in the Inner Mongolian region in northern China on Tuesday afternoon.
“I now declare that the Chang’e 6 Lunar Exploration Mission achieved complete success,” Zhang Kejian,director of the China National Space Administration,said in a televised news conference after the landing.
Chinese scientists anticipate the returned samples will include 2.5 million-year-old volcanic rock and other material that scientists hope will answer questions about geographic differences on the moon’s two sides.
The near side is what is seen from Earth,and the far side faces outer space.The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑),contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.
The probe had landed in the moon’s South Pole—Aitken Basin,an impact crater created more than 4 billion years ago.The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin,which will bear traces of the different geological events across its long chronology (年表),such as when the moon was younger and had an active inside that could produce volcanic rock.
China in recent years has launched multiple successful missions to the moon,collecting samples from the moon’s near side with the Chang’e 5 probe previously.
They are also hoping that the probe will return with material that bears traces of meteorite (陨石) strikes from the moon’s past.That material could shed light on the solar system’s early days.There’s a theory that the moon acted as a vacuum (真空) cleaner of sorts,attracting all the meteorites in the system’s earlier era so that they didn’t hit Earth,said Richard de Grijs,who is also executive director at the International Space Science Institute.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了嫦娥六号探测器首次带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本。
1.What makes Chang’e 6’s mission unique in lunar exploration history
A.Landing on the moon’s South Pole.
B.Confirming lunar water presence.
C.Collecting the moon’s far-side samples.
D.Returning samples from the near side.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第一段“China’s Chang’e 6 probe returned on Earth with rock and soil samples from the little-explored far side of the moon in a global first.”可知,嫦娥六号探测器带回月球背面的岩石和土壤样本,这是全球首次,这使得嫦娥六号的任务在月球探测史上独一无二。故选C。]
2.What may distinguish the moon’s far side from its near side
A.Fewer craters.
B.Earth visibility.
C.Rough lands.
D.Plains dominance.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第五段“The far side is also known to have mountains and impact craters (坑),contrasting with the relatively flat expanses visible on the near side.”可知,远侧有山和撞击坑,即远侧地面高低不平。故选C。]
3.What might the Chang’e 6’s samples help to know
A.Lunar internal activity.
B.Origin of the moon.
C.Moon’s formation timeline.
D.Earth’s impact on the moon.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinese scientists anticipate the...on the moon’s two sides.”以及第六段“The samples scientists are expecting will likely come from different layers of the basin,...”可知,科学家希望这些物质能够回答有关月球两侧地理差异的问题,这些样本可能来自盆地的不同层,样本可能有助于了解月球的内部活动。故选A。]
4.What role might the moon have played in the early solar system according to Richard de Grijs
A.Creating the solar system.
B.Causing meteorites to form.
C.Attracting meteorites for study.
D.Protecting Earth from meteorites.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段“There’s a theory that...at the International Space Science Institute.”可知,根据Richard de Grijs的说法,月球在早期太阳系中可能吸引了所有陨石,防止它们撞击地球,即保护地球免受早期太阳系中陨石的撞击。故选D。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
Baduanjin,a form of 1. (fit),has been popular with Chinese younger people thanks to its health benefits.
Last year,fashion designer Jiang Xi took up Baduanjin.She posted videos of her practicing Baduanjin on social media,and attracted more than 10,000 followers in four months.Most of her followers 2. (age) between 20 to 30.“3. practicing Baduanjin,all you need to do is to focus on your body and health,moving slowly in 4. comfortable rhythm,and liberate yourself from the anxiety of living alone in big cities,” said Jiang Xi.Under her influence and persuasion,Jiang Xi’s older brother Jiang Nan also became a vlogger of Baduanjin.5. (live) in different cities,the siblings (兄弟姐妹) have found new kinship ties in Baduanjin.
Every week,a group of youngers practice Taichi by the lake in Xiaogang Park of Guangzhou city,south China’s Guangdong Province.Feng Junhua is the organizer of martial arts practicing.He gathers youngsters 6. (interest) in martial arts and health maintenance,and finds a 7. (delight) place in the park to relax their bodies.“Practicing martial arts is low-cost and people are free 8. the burden of socializing.These factors attract young people in the metropolis to participate.” said Feng.
Traditional Chinese culture requires the inheritance of young 9. (generation).Young people are seeking their inner “order” in an evolving world.Traditional martial arts have brought a concrete and natural way of life in line with their inner selves.They are 10. young people and traditional Chinese culture blend (融合).
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了八段锦这种健身方式。
1.fitness [考查词性转换。句意:八段锦是一种健身方式,由于其对健康的好处,在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。作介词的宾语,应用名词,故填fitness。]
2.are aged [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:她的大多数粉丝年龄在20到30岁之间。表示“年龄为”短语为be aged,此处陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为Most of her followers,谓语用复数。故填are aged。]
3.While/When [考查状语从句。句意:“在练习八段锦时,你所需要做的就是关注自己的身体和健康,以舒适的节奏慢慢移动,把自己从大城市独自生活的焦虑中解放出来。”引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”且位于句首,应用While/When。故填While/When。]
4.a [考查冠词。此处rhythm为泛指,且comfortable是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。]
5.Living [考查非谓语动词。句意:生活在不同城市,这对兄妹在八段锦找到了新的血缘关系。此处live与siblings构成主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Living。]
6.interested [考查词性转换。句意:他聚集了对武术和养生感兴趣的年轻人,在公园里找了一个令人愉快的地方放松身体。修饰名词youngsters,指人,应用形容词interested作后置定语。故填interested。]
7.delightful [考查词性转换。修饰名词place应用形容词delightful,故填delightful。]
8.from/of [考查介词。句意:练习武术成本低,而且人们可以摆脱社交的负担。短语be free from/of表示“摆脱”。故填from/of。]
9.generations [考查名词的单复数。句意:中国传统文化需要年轻一代的传承。此处数量大于一,应用generation的复数形式表示泛指。故填generations。]
10.where [考查名词性从句。句意:他们是年轻人和中国传统文化融合的地方。引导表语从句,从句缺少地点状语,故填where。]
