Section Ⅳ Using Language
Ⅰ.Read for details
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China
A.He wanted to serve his country.
B.He met with difficulties in America.
C.He was a hero in China.
D.He missed his family.
2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to passage 1
A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
3.How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct
A.Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B.He worked with others to prove it true.
C.He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in the maths.
D.Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment.
4.What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease
A.Cleverness. B.Dreams.
C.Determination. D.Mistakes.
答案 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Ⅲ.难句解构
1.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
学会断句:此句是复合句,主句为Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation;after引导的是时间状语从句,because引导的是原因状语从句,that引导的是宾语从句。
尝试翻译:不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森决定转而学习航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
2.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures,Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.
学会断句:此句是复合句,stood up和pointed out是并列谓语,that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是宾语从句,从属连词that可省略。
尝试翻译:在霍伊尔的一次讲座后的问答环节中,霍金站了起来,指出霍伊尔在数学计算中犯了一个错误。
[核心单词·练通]
1.thinking / θ k / n.思想;思维;见解
2.solid / s l d/ adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体
3.cast /kɑ st/ vt.(cast,cast)投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
4.shadow / d / n.阴影;影子;背光处
5.pour /p (r)/ vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
6.trace /treIs/ vt.追溯;追踪;查出
n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
7.outstanding /a t st ndI / adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的
8.abstract / bstr kt/ adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.(文献等的)摘要
9.concept / k nsept/ n.概念;观念
10.besides /b sa dz/ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且;此外
11.furthermore / f m (r)/ adv.此外;再者
12.fault /f lt/ n.弱点;过错
13.shift / ft/ n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
[拓展单词·用活]
1.finding / fa nd / n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→find (found,found) vt.发现
2.initial / n l/ adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;最初
3.mechanical /m k nIkl/ adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→mechanic /m k nIk/ n.机械师;机械修理工→mechanism n.机械装置
4.defend /dI fend/ vt.保卫;防守;辩解→
defence/defense n.防御;保卫
5.assistant / sIst nt/ n.助理;助手→assist vt.帮助;协助→assistance n.帮助;协助;援助
6.leadership / li d Ip/ n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→leader n.领导→lead v.引路;引领;导致;处于领先地位
7.gifted / ɡ ft d/ adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;天赋;天资
8.steady / stedi/ adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地;平稳地;稳步地
9.astronomer / str n m (r)/ n.天文学家→astronomy / str n mi/ n.天文学
10.vivid / v v d/ adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→vividly adv.生动地
[阅读单词·识记]
1.protein / pr ti n/ n.蛋白质
2.cell /sel/ n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房
3.virus / va r s/ n.病毒
4.framework / fre mw k/ n.框架;结构
5.rainbow / re nb / n.彩虹
6.concrete / k kri t/ n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
7.aerospace / e r speIs/ n.航空航天工业
8.patriotic / peItri tIk/ adj.爱国的
9.aviation / eIvi eI n/ n.航空制造业;航空;飞行
10.jet /d et/ n.喷气式飞机
11.missile / mIsaIl/ n.导弹
[重点短语·再现]
1.have an impact on对……有影响
2.break out
(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
3.in charge of主管;掌管
4.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
5.above all最重要的是;尤其是
6.discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
7.take on the challenge接受挑战
8.under one’s leadership在某人的领导下
9.be traced back to追溯到
10.be familiar with对……熟悉
11.serve his homeland with effort
努力为他的祖国服务
12.an extremely well-respected man
一个非常受人尊敬的人
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
[教材原句] Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
2.[句型公式] 过去分词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年生于上海,在北京上学,后来进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。
3.[句型公式] not only...but also...不仅……而且……
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责中国的太空和导弹项目。
4.[句型公式] make+宾语+宾语补足语
[教材原句] However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的(原因)可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的强烈兴趣。
核心单词练透
1.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
教材原文 ...because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. ……因为他意识到中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
感知 语言再输入
①Driven by a sense of commitment,a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.(外研选三U3)
②Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed to defend/in defence of his son like an arrow.(动作描写)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)defend...from/against... 保护……免受……的伤害
defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩护
(2)defence n. 防御;保护;辩护
in defence of 保护;为……辩护
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Some of his colleagues felt he could have defended himself (he) because he was innocent.
②Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise can help defend ourselves against/from infection.(倡议书)
③He spoke in defence (defend) of his client,arguing that she was innocent.
④It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child from harm and danger.
总是会竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害和危险是一个母亲的天性。
2.fault n.弱点;过错
教材原文 Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
感知 语言再输入
①Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system.
②He’s proud of his children and blind to their faults.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)find fault with 挑剔,找茬
at fault 负有责任;有过错
(2)faulty adj. 有错误的;不完美的
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The plan is faulty(fault) in every respect so we should perfect it.
②Nobody knew who was at fault for the train accident.
③Life can be great when you are not busy finding fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活,生活可以很美好。
3.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
教材原文 However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森决定转而学习航空专业……
感知 语言再输入
①In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.(译林选三U4)
②The cries of women broke out;the men looked at each other,but were silent.(译林必三U2)
记牢 知识再梳理
break away from 脱离/挣脱……
break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
break in 插话;破门而入
break into 强行闯入;突然开始
break up 打碎;结束;(关系等)破裂
运用 用break短语填空/补全句子
①World War Ⅰ had broken out months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together...(外研必二U3)
②The analysis shows that plastics,particularly those that break down fast,are contributing to the climate change.
③Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to break away from my friends and never contact them.
④He broke in rudely,“I am not to blame.”And then he stormed out of the room in anger.(情绪描写)
他粗鲁地插嘴道:“我不应受责备。”然后,他愤怒地冲出了房间。
4.in charge of主管;掌管;负责
教材原文 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学而且负责中国的太空和导弹项目。
感知 语言再输入
①Will you be completely in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways (外研选二U1)
②“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man,taking charge of the situation.(译林选四U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)in the charge of 由……负责;被……掌管
take charge of 负责/看管(表动作)
free of charge 免费
(2)charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks,because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money for the stolen ring.Luckily,a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free of charge.
②我负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
→I take charge of/am in charge of “Talk and Talk”,which is an English program in our school radio station.
→“Talk and Talk” is in the charge of me,which is an English program in our school radio station.
5.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
教材原文 Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
自从得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后,他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
感知 语言再输入
①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease,we are quite concerned about you.
②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
记牢 知识再梳理
come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come up 走近;上来;被提及
come up with 提出
when it comes to... 当谈到……
运用 用come短语填空/补全句子
①The instant I knew that my partner came down with a severe illness,a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
②I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late for such an important meeting.
③When it comes to English learning,I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.
谈到英语学习,我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
教材原文 Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
感知 语言再输入
①Above all, I have a good command of English,so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.
②Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went after all.
记牢 知识再梳理
after all 毕竟;终究
all in all 整体说来;总而言之
in all 全部;合计
first of all 首先
at all (否定句)一点儿也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
运用 用all短语填空/补全句子
①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all,you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all.(推荐信)
②Thanks to your timely and generous help,I managed to handle the four problems in all.
多亏您及时慷慨的帮助,我成功地处理了全部四个问题。
片段巩固 用defend、break out、in charge of、come down with、above all完成下面的小短文
袁隆平,“杂交水稻之父”,曾经说过,如果我们想成功,最重要的是,我们应该相信自己。他成功生产出供国内外更多人口食用的稻米。即使灾难爆发,我们现在也可以保护自己免于饥饿。在他的影响下,越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。不幸的是,他患上了严重的疾病,于2021年5月22日与世长辞。
Yuan Longping,“the father of hybrid rice”,once said if we want to succeed,1.above all (插入语),we should believe in ourselves.He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.We can now 2.defend ourselves from starvation even if disasters break out (让步状语从句).Under his influence,more and more young people are 3.in charge of the research of (介词短语) hybrid rice.Unfortunately,he 4.came down with a severe illness (动词短语) and passed away on May 22,2021.
典型句式练透
1.句型公式:过去分词(短语)作状语
教材原文 Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年出生于上海,在北京上学,之后进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。
感知 语言再输入
①Influenced by Steve Jobs,he focuses on details and seeks perfection in everything.
②Disappointed by his behaviour,I said all this to my best friend.(外研必三U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致。
(3)有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词,作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。
运用 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Approached(approach) in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.(外研必三U1)
②Filled(fill) with anger,you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(外研必三U1)
③Surprised(surprise) and happy,he stood up and accepted the prize.
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
→Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.(过去分词短语作状语)
2.句型公式:not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
教材原文 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
感知 语言再输入
①Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it,they could also interact with it—literally.(外研选一U4)
②Not only is country music popular in the south,but blues,rock and roll,bluegrass,and jazz are popular in the south as well.(人教必三U3)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)“not only...but also...”连接两个并列成分,如两个主语、宾语、状语等;
(2)“not only...but also...”连接两个分句,且“not only...”置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装;
(3)“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时,要根据but also后的主语决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即遵循“就近一致”原则。
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future,but gives(give) the opportunity to build for the future.(外研选二U2)
②Not only I but also my friend has gained(gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far.(2022·浙江1月卷)
③通过这次活动,我们不仅获得了园艺知识,而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
→We not only gained knowledge of gardening,but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.
→Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening,but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(部分倒装)
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
艾萨克·牛顿于1643年出生于英国,被公认为有史以来最伟大、最有天赋的科学家之一。
1661年进入剑桥大学后,牛顿专心于现代科学,开始了他的高等教育。对他来说,没有什么比参与科学研究更令人愉快的了。毕业后,他花了两年半的时间写了一本书,这本书不仅是牛顿的杰作,也是现代科学的基础著作。随着时间的推移,他在光学、力学、现代物理学和数学方面有了更多的发现。
1.Born in England in 1643(过去分词短语作状语),Isaac Newton has been recognised as one of the greatest and most gifted scientists ever.
After entering Cambridge in 1661,Newton began his higher education by devoting himself to modern science.For him,2.nothing was more pleasant than getting involved in scientific research(否定词+比较级).After graduation,he spent two and a half years working on a book,which is 3.not only Newton’s masterpiece but also the basic work for the modern science(not only...but also...).As time went by,he made more discoveries in optics,mechanics,modern physics and mathematics.
高考热点微练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)n.变动
②While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)adj.可靠的
③He is a man with a vivid imagination and stands out in his colleagues.adj.丰富的
④On a day of brilliant sunshine,we went camping.adj.明媚的
2.选出charge的汉语意思
A.vt.控告 B.n.负责 C.vi.向……冲去
D.vt.收费 E.vt.给……充电
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.B
②The restaurant charged ￡20 for dinner.D
③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.A
④When you charge your phone,it should generate a small amount of heat.E
⑤Seeing her mother,the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly.C
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.After she’d overcome her initial (最初的) shyness,she became very friendly.
2.A rainbow (彩虹) is usually seen after a heavy rain.
3.After the guard recovered from his injury,he went on the night shift(轮班) again.
4.All the teachers are satisfied with your brilliant (绝妙的) performance in the speech contest.
5.Do you have any concrete (具体的) ways to deal with this difficult problem
6.He faces the toughest test of his leadership / li d p/ so far.
7.His father claims to be able to trace /tre s/ the family back to many centuries ago.
8.If you always try to find fault with others,it means that you have gained another shortcoming.
9.As is known to us all,Dr.Yuan Longping was an outstanding Chinese scientist in agriculture.
10.A heavy rain suddenly poured down;as a result,the sports meeting was put off.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant(assist) to my English teacher.
2.It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier (happy) than I was.
3.Poems,conveying certain emotions,can vividly (vivid) transform reality into literature.
4.These years,our company has been developing steadily (steady).
5.In reality,the mechanic made a severe mistake,shifting(shift) nervously from one foot to another.
6. Initially(initial),it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness.
7.Stop the negative thinking(think)and focus on solving those problems.
8.No matter how gifted(gift)you are,you alone cannot change the world.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
break out,in charge of,come down with,above all,be traced back to,take on
1.There will be many challenges ahead,but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden.
2.You are in charge of the company,so you should take responsibility for what you said.
3.Above all,we must be honest about what we do not know.
4.Nobody knew when the fire broke out,but they knew it was put out the next morning.
5.Did anyone else in your family come down with a fever
6.It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1.Informed that you are interested in paper-cutting,I am writing to invite you to attend a paper-cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday.(过去分词短语作状语;邀请信)
我被告知你对剪纸感兴趣,我写信邀请你参加我们学校下周日举行的剪纸展览会。
2.Honestly speaking,I have never seen a more responsible person than our monitor.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
说实话,我从来没有见过比我们班长更负责任的人。
3.Not only should we show respect for the great scientists,but we should also learn the scientific spirits from them.(not only...but also...;倒装结构)
我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家,而且要学习他们的科学精神。
4.What impresses us most is that my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help.(主语从句;2023·天津3月卷)
令我们印象最深刻的是我的同桌总是乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。
5.While picking oranges,I realized how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields.(状语从句的省略)
在摘橘子的时候,我意识到农民在农田里劳作是多么的艰苦。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
My father,Paul Andrew Figura,was a die-hard fisherman.In my 1 ,we went out fishing in all kinds of weather,catching and missing nearly every fish in countless waterways.
Whenever we 2 ,Mom would ask,“What time will you be back ” “When we can’t see the 3 ,” Dad would respond.He often 4 it.Sometimes Dad would ask me to 5 some food and water and we’d fish the entire day.I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n) 6 factor behind his success.It was one 7 after another after another.
The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t 8 .Days when the weather was awful,when the mosquitoes were biting,when my hands were cold.Times when I just wanted to 9 and go home.Dad’s 10 “Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 11 your line.Keep casting,” he’d say.
I learned early the importance of 12 and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.Sooner or later they’d 13 .I took that same attitude into my school work. 14 ,I got many awards at college.I applied it 15 to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的父亲是一个不屈不挠的渔夫。作者从小和父亲一起去捕鱼,耳濡目染中作者被父亲坚持不懈的精神所感染,这也成就了他现在的成功。
1.A.dream B.career
C.childhood D.adulthood
答案 C [根据语境和后文“Times when I just wanted to and go home.Dad’s ‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,这是介绍作者童年(childhood)的经历。]
2.A.got up B.reached out
C.stepped back D.set off
答案 D [根据语境和后文“Mom would ask,‘What time will you be back ’”可知,此处是指作者和父亲出发(set off)去钓鱼的时候。]
3.A.camps B.lines
C.tracks D.cottages
答案 B [根据语境和后文“Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you your line.”可知,此处是指钓鱼的线(lines)。此空处所填词正是下文的 line 的原词复现。这些原词有时离设空较近,有时可能在文章的结尾。利用原词复现解题需要把题目选项中的词汇与原文仔细比对,并结合句意确定答案。]
4.A.forgot B.rejected
C.recalled D.meant
答案 D [根据语境和后文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,父亲是一个坚持的人,说到做到。mean it说话算数;言出必行。]
5.A.make B.pack
C.heat D.freeze
答案 B [根据语境和后文“some food and water and we’d fish the entire day”可知,此处是指把食物和水塞进包里。pack打包,塞满。]
6.A.cultural B.random
C.major D.external
答案 C [根据常识和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n)”以及后文“factor behind his success”可知,此处是指他的坚持、快速的撒网技术,是他成功的主要(major)因素。]
7.A.cast B.step
C.strike D.risk
答案 A [根据语境和前文“rapid-fire casting technique”以及后文“after another after another”可知,此处是指不停地撒网(cast)。]
8.A.swimming B.dancing
C.gathering D.biting
答案 D [根据常识和前文“The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t”可知,此处是指父亲教我处理鱼不咬钩(biting)的情况。]
9.A.wander B.play
C.quit D.sleep
答案 C [根据语境和后文“and go home”可知,此处是指作者想停止(quit)钓鱼,然后回家。]
10.A.response B.intention
C.evaluation D.situation
答案 A [根据语境和前文“Times when I just wanted to and go home.”以及后文“‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,此处是指父亲对想回家的作者做出的回应(response)。故选A项。]
11.A.abandon B.monitor
C.fetch D.wet
答案 D [根据常识和前文“It was one after another after another.”可知,钓鱼时不停地撒网,由此推知,撒网的时候网会湿(wet)。]
12.A.kindness B.insistence
C.confidence D.business
答案 B [根据语境和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,此处是指想钓到鱼,父亲教作者坚持(insistence)和不停地尝试不同鱼食的重要性。]
13.A.cooperate B.progress
C.resist D.integrate
答案 A [根据语境和前文“I learned early the importance of and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.”可知,此处是指想钓到鱼,坚持和不停地尝试不同鱼食,鱼儿迟早会“配合(cooperate)”的,即上钩。]
14.A.In surprise B.As a result
C.Ahead of time D.In particular
答案 B [根据语境和后文“I got many awards at college”可知,此处是指父亲对作者影响的结果(As a result)。]
15.A.intentionally B.casually
C.hesitantly D.temporarily
答案 A [根据语境和前文“I applied it”以及后文“to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today”可知,作为一个成年人,我有意地(intentionally)把它应用到我的工作中,它成就了现在的我。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
When the winter approaches,tanghulu,a traditional Chinese snack can be found on the street corner in northern China.Since ancient times,it 1. (be) very popular with natives,especially children.
Tanghulu is 2. (common) made of haws (山楂果),which are rich in vitamin C and are known 3. (have) traditional Chinese medicinal properties.According to a legend,in Song Dynasty,one of the emperor’s 4. (wife) was sick and had 5. poor appetite.The doctor suggested that she eat five to ten haws 6. (boil) with sugar before each meal.She recovered within half a month.Later,the prescription was passed on 7. ordinary people.
People put haws on a stick,dipped them in hot sugar syrup (糖浆) and dried.The syrup finally turned into a solid coating,like the crystal on the surface of haws.That is 8. they are also called bingtanghulu.9. origin story says that the very first tanghulu only had two haws—a small one on the top and a big one below,making it resemble a hulu,a bringer of good luck.
With sour haws and sweet sugar,the taste of tanghulu is a combination of flavors,which often 10. (remind) people of their happy childhoods.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了糖葫芦的起源、做法与味道等。
1.has been [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句中的时间状语“Since ancient times”和语境可知,此处应用现在完成时,又因为主语it表示单数,所以空处应用现在完成时的单数形式,故填has been。]
2.commonly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰动词made,应用副词形式,故填commonly。]
3.to have [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式短语“to have traditional Chinese medicinal properties”作主语补足语。]
4.wives [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“one of”可知,这位皇帝的妻子不止一位,故空处要用可数名词复数形式,wife的复数形式为不规则变化wives。故填wives。]
5.a [考查冠词。此处表示“胃口不好”,且poor的发音以辅音音素开头,故应用“a poor appetite”表示,故要用不定冠词a。]
6.boiled [考查非谓语动词。该从句中已有谓语动词eat,故空处应用动词的非谓语形式,又因空处与haws之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词短语“boiled with sugar”作其后置定语。]
7.to [考查介词。pass sth on to sb意为“把某物传给某人”,是固定用法,符合语境。]
8.why [考查名词性从句。根据语境可知,“The syrup finally...on the surface of haws”与“they are also called bingtanghulu”之间存在因果关系,且表语从句中缺少状语,表示“为什么”,故此处用why引导表语从句。]
9.Another [考查限定词。根据第二段第二句中的“a legend”并结合语境可知,此处在讲另一个有关糖葫芦起源的故事,表示“又一,再一”,故填限定词Another。]
10.reminds [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“often”和句意可知,该从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时,且which引导的定语从句修饰先行词“a combination of flavors”,表示单数意义,故该从句的谓语动词用单数形式,故填reminds。 ](共98张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Using Language
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
文本整体理解
文 本 整 体 理 解
Ⅰ.Read for details
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China
A.He wanted to serve his country.
B.He met with difficulties in America.
C.He was a hero in China.
D.He missed his family.
√
2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to passage 1
A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
√
3.How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct
A.Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B.He worked with others to prove it true.
C.He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in the maths.
D.Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment.
√
4.What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease
A.Cleverness. B.Dreams.
C.Determination. D.Mistakes.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
spirit
challenge
gifted
astronomers
faults
Ⅲ.难句解构
1.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
学会断句:此句是 句,主句为Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation;after引导的是 从句,because引导的是 从句,that引导的是 从句。
尝试翻译:
复合
时间状语
原因状语
宾语
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森决定转而学习航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
2.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures,Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.
学会断句:此句是 句,stood up和pointed out是并列 , that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是 从句,从属连词that可省略。
尝试翻译:
复合
谓语
宾语
在霍伊尔的一次讲座后的问答环节中,霍金站了起来,指出霍伊尔在数学计算中犯了一个错误。
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1. / θ k / n.思想;思维;见解
2. / s l d/ adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体
3. /kɑ st/ vt.( , )投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
4. / d / n.阴影;影子;背光处
5. /p (r)/ vt.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料)
6. /treIs/ vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
thinking
solid
cast
cast
cast
shadow
pour
trace
7. /a t st ndI / adj.优秀的; 杰出的;明显的
8. / bstr kt/ adj.抽象的; 理论上的 n.(文献等的)摘要
9. / k nsept/ n.概念;观念
10. /b sa dz/ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且;此外
11. / f m (r)/ adv.此外;再者
12. /f lt/ n.弱点;过错
13. / ft/ n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
outstanding
abstract
concept
besides
furthermore
fault
shift
[拓展单词·用活]
1. / fa nd / n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决→find (found,found) vt.发现
2. / n l/ adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;最初
3. /m k nIkl/ adj.机械的;发动机的;机器的→
/m k nIk/ n.机械师;机械修理工→mechanism n.机械装置
finding
initial
mechanical
mechanic
4. /dI fend/ vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence/defense n.防御;保卫
5. / sIst nt/ n.助理;助手→ assist vt.帮助;协助→assistance n.帮助;协助;援助
6. / li d Ip/ n.领导;领导地位;领导才能→leader n.领导→lead v.引路;引领;导致;处于领先地位
7. / ɡ ft d/ adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;天赋;天资
defend
assistant
leadership
gifted
8. / stedi/ adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地;平稳地;稳步地
9. / str n m (r)/ n.天文学家→
/ str n mi/ n.天文学
10. / v v d/ adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→vividly adv.生动地
steady
astronomer
astronomy
vivid
[阅读单词·识记]
1.protein / pr ti n/ n.
2.cell /sel/ n.
3.virus / va r s/ n.
4.framework / fre mw k/ n.
5.rainbow / re nb / n.
6.concrete / k kri t/ n.
adj.
蛋白质
细胞;小房间;单间牢房
病毒
框架;结构
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
7.aerospace / e r speIs/ n.
8.patriotic / peItri tIk/ adj.
9.aviation / eIvi eI n/ n.
10.jet /d et/ n.
11.missile / mIsaIl/ n.
航空航天工业
爱国的
航空制造业;航空;飞行
喷气式飞机
导弹
[重点短语·再现]
1. 对……有影响
2. (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
3. 主管;掌管
4. 患(病);染上(小病)
5. 最重要的是;尤其是
6. 阻止某人做某事
have an impact on
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
discourage sb from doing sth
7.take on the challenge
8.under one’s leadership
9.be traced back to
10.be familiar with
11.serve his homeland with effort
12.an extremely well-respected man
接受挑战
在某人的领导下
追溯到
对……熟悉
努力为他的祖国服务
一个非常受人尊敬的人
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
[教材原句] Perhaps
China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
no other scientist has had a greater
impact on
2.[句型公式] 过去分词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] , Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年生于上海,在北京上学,后来进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。
Born in Shanghai in 1911
3.[句型公式] not only...but also...不仅……而且……
[教材原句] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of
its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责中国的太空和导弹项目。
not only developing China’s rocket
science but also
4.[句型公式] make+宾语+宾语补足语
[教材原句] However,what might have
was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的(原因)可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的强烈兴趣。
made him such
an outstanding and creative scientist
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
典型句式练透
核心单词练透
1.defend vt.保卫;防守;辩解
教材原文 ...because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
……因为他意识到中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家。
感知 语言再输入
①Driven by a sense of commitment,a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
(外研选三U3)
②Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed to defend/in defence of his son like an arrow.(动作描写)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)defend...from/against... 保护……免受……的伤害
defend oneself 自卫;为自己辩护
(2)defence n. 防御;保护;辩护
in defence of 保护;为……辩护
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Some of his colleagues felt he could have defended (he) because he was innocent.
②Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise can help defend ourselves infection.(倡议书)
③He spoke in (defend) of his client,arguing that she was innocent.
himself
against/from
defence
④It is the nature of a mother to do all she can
.
总是会竭尽全力保护孩子免受伤害和危险是一个母亲的天性。
to defend her child from harm and danger
2.fault n.弱点;过错
教材原文 Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
感知 语言再输入
①Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system.
②He’s proud of his children and blind to their faults.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)find fault with 挑剔,找茬
at fault 负有责任;有过错
(2)faulty adj. 有错误的;不完美的
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The plan is (fault) in every respect so we should perfect it.
②Nobody knew who was fault for the train accident.
③Life can be great when you are not busy
it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活,生活可以很美好。
faulty
at
finding fault with
3.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始;爆发
教材原文 However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...
不过,1932年淞沪抗战爆发后,钱学森决定转而学习航空专业……
感知 语言再输入
①In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.(译林选三U4)
②The cries of women broke out;the men looked at each other,but were silent.(译林必三U2)
记牢 知识再梳理
break away from 脱离/挣脱……
break down 出故障;坏掉;失败;(身体等)垮掉;消除
break in 插话;破门而入
break into 强行闯入;突然开始
break up 打碎;结束;(关系等)破裂
运用 用break短语填空/补全句子
①World War Ⅰ had months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together...(外研必二U3)
②The analysis shows that plastics,particularly those that
fast,are contributing to the climate change.
③Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to
my friends and never contact them.
broken out
break down
break away from
④He ,“I am not to blame.”And then he stormed out of the room in anger.(情绪描写)
他粗鲁地插嘴道:“我不应受责备。”然后,他愤怒地冲出了房间。
broke in rudely
4.in charge of主管;掌管;负责
教材原文 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学而且负责中国的太空和导弹项目。
感知 语言再输入
①Will you be completely in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways (外研选二U1)
②“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man,taking charge of the situation.(译林选四U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)in the charge of 由……负责;被……掌管
take charge of 负责/看管(表动作)
free of charge 免费
(2)charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks,because he was charged stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money the stolen ring.Luckily,a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free _________ charge.
with
for
of
②我负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。
→I “Talk and Talk”,which is an English program in our school radio station.
→“Talk and Talk” is ,
which is an English program in our school radio station.
take charge of/am in charge of
in the charge of me
5.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
教材原文 Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.自从得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后,他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。
感知 语言再输入
①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease,we are quite concerned about you.
②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
记牢 知识再梳理
come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;被理解
come about 发生(无被动形式)
come up 走近;上来;被提及
come up with 提出
when it comes to... 当谈到……
运用 用come短语填空/补全句子
①The instant I knew that my partner
a severe illness,a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
②I’ll never understand how it that you were an hour late for such an important meeting.
③ ,I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.
谈到英语学习,我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。
came down with
came about
When it comes to English learning
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
教材原文 Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
感知 语言再输入
①Above all, I have a good command of English,so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.
②Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went after all.
记牢 知识再梳理
after all 毕竟;终究
all in all 整体说来;总而言之
in all 全部;合计
first of all 首先
at all (否定句)一点儿也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟
运用 用all短语填空/补全句子
①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. ,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. , you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. ,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy .
(推荐信)
First of all/Above all
After all
All in all
at all
②Thanks to your timely and generous help,I managed to
.
多亏您及时慷慨的帮助,我成功地处理了全部四个问题。
handle the four problems in all
片段巩固 用defend、break out、in charge of、come down with、above all完成下面的小短文
袁隆平,“杂交水稻之父”,曾经说过,如果我们想成功,最重要的是,我们应该相信自己。他成功生产出供国内外更多人口食用的稻米。即使灾难爆发,我们现在也可以保护自己免于饥饿。在他的影响下,越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。不幸的是,他患上了严重的疾病,于2021年5月22日与世长辞。
Yuan Longping,“the father of hybrid rice”,once said if we want to succeed,1. (插入语),we should believe in ourselves. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.We can now
2. (让步状语从句).Under his influence,more and more young people are 3. (介词短语) hybrid rice.Unfortunately, he 4. (动词短语) and passed away on May 22,2021.
above all
defend ourselves from starvation even if disasters break out
in charge of the research of
came down with a severe illness
1.句型公式:过去分词(短语)作状语
教材原文 Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
钱学森1911年出生于上海,在北京上学,之后进入上海交通大学学习铁路机械工程。
典型句式练透
感知 语言再输入
①Influenced by Steve Jobs,he focuses on details and seeks perfection in everything.
②Disappointed by his behaviour,I said all this to my best friend.
(外研必三U1)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致。
(3)有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词,作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。
运用 单句语法填空/句式升级
① (approach) in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.(外研必三U1)
② (fill) with anger,you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(外研必三U1)
③ (surprise) and happy,he stood up and accepted the prize.
Approached
Filled
Surprised
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
→ ,
you will get sunburnt. (过去分词短语作状语)
Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer
2.句型公式:not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
教材原文 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
感知 语言再输入
①Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it,they could also interact with it—literally.(外研选一U4)
②Not only is country music popular in the south,but blues,rock and roll,bluegrass,and jazz are popular in the south as well.(人教必三U3)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)“not only...but also...”连接两个并列成分,如两个主语、宾语、状语等;
(2)“not only...but also...”连接两个分句,且“not only...”置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装;
(3)“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时,要根据but also后的主语决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即遵循“就近一致”原则。
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future,but
(give) the opportunity to build for the future.
(外研选二U2)
②Not only I but also my friend (gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far.(2022·浙江1月卷)
gives
has gained
③通过这次活动,我们不仅获得了园艺知识,而且对大自然有了更好的了解。
→We ,
but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.
→ , but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(部分倒装)
not only gained knowledge of gardening
Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
艾萨克·牛顿于1643年出生于英国,被公认为有史以来最伟大、最有天赋的科学家之一。
1661年进入剑桥大学后,牛顿专心于现代科学,开始了他的高等教育。对他来说,没有什么比参与科学研究更令人愉快的了。毕业后,他花了两年半的时间写了一本书,这本书不仅是牛顿的杰作,也是现代科学的基础著作。随着时间的推移,他在光学、力学、现代物理学和数学方面有了更多的发现。
1. (过去分词短语作状语),Isaac Newton has been recognised as one of the greatest and most gifted scientists ever.
Born in England in 1643
After entering Cambridge in 1661,Newton began his higher education by devoting himself to modern science.For him,
2. (否定词+比较级). After graduation,he spent two and a half years working on a book, which is 3. (not only...but also...). As time went by,he made more discoveries in optics,mechanics,modern physics and mathematics.
nothing was more pleasant than getting involved in scientific
research
not only Newton’s
masterpiece but also the basic work for the modern science
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
n.变动
高考热点微练
adj.可靠的
③He is a man with a vivid imagination and stands out in his colleagues.
④On a day of brilliant sunshine,we went camping.
adj.丰富的
adj.明媚的
2.选出charge的汉语意思
A.vt.控告 B.n.负责 C.vi.向……冲去 D.vt.收费 E.vt.给……充电
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.
②The restaurant charged ￡20 for dinner.
③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.
④When you charge your phone,it should generate a small amount of heat.
⑤Seeing her mother,the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly.
B
D
A
E
C
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.After she’d overcome her (最初的) shyness,she became very friendly.
2.A (彩虹) is usually seen after a heavy rain.
3.After the guard recovered from his injury,he went on the night
(轮班) again.
initial
rainbow
shift
4.All the teachers are satisfied with your (绝妙的) performance in the speech contest.
5.Do you have any (具体的) ways to deal with this difficult problem
6.He faces the toughest test of his / li d p/ so far.
7.His father claims to be able to /tre s/ the family back to many centuries ago.
brilliant
concrete
leadership
trace
8.If you always try to find f with others,it means that you have gained another shortcoming.
9.As is known to us all,Dr.Yuan Longping was an o_______________
Chinese scientist in agriculture.
10.A heavy rain suddenly p down;as a result,the sports meeting was put off.
ault
utstanding
oured
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.I have such a good command of English that I am elected as
(assist) to my English teacher.
2.It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was
(happy) than I was.
3.Poems,conveying certain emotions,can (vivid) transform reality into literature.
4.These years,our company has been developing (steady).
assistant
happier
vividly
steadily
5.In reality,the mechanic made a severe mistake, (shift) nervously from one foot to another.
6. (initial),it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness.
7.Stop the negative (think)and focus on solving those problems.
8.No matter how (gift)you are,you alone cannot change the world.
shifting
Initially
thinking
gifted
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
break out,in charge of,come down with,above all,be traced back to,take on
1.There will be many challenges ahead,but I have confidence that I’ll
the burden.
2.You are the company,so you should take responsibility for what you said.
3. ,we must be honest about what we do not know.
take on
in charge of
Above all
4.Nobody knew when the fire ,but they knew it was put out the next morning.
5.Did anyone else in your family a fever
6.It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou can the Southern Song Dynasty.
broke out
come down with
be traced back to
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共10分)
1. ,I am writing to invite you to attend a paper-cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday.(过去分词短语作状语;邀请信)
我被告知你对剪纸感兴趣,我写信邀请你参加我们学校下周日举行的剪纸展览会。
Informed that you are interested in paper-cutting
2.Honestly speaking,I .
说实话,我从来没有见过比我们班长更负责任的人。(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
3. learn the scientific spirits from them.(not only...but also...;倒装结构)
我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家,而且要学习他们的科学精神。
have never seen a more responsible
person than our monitor
Not only should we show respect for the great scientists,
but we should also
4. is that my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help.
(主语从句;2023·天津3月卷)
令我们印象最深刻的是我的同桌总是乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。
5. ,I realized how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields.(状语从句的省略)
在摘橘子的时候,我意识到农民在农田里劳作是多么的艰苦。
What impresses us most
While picking oranges
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
My father,Paul Andrew Figura,was a die-hard fisherman.In my 1 ,we went out fishing in all kinds of weather,catching and missing nearly every fish in countless waterways.
Whenever we 2 ,Mom would ask,“What time will you be back ” “When we can’t see the 3 ,” Dad would respond.He often 4 it.Sometimes Dad would ask me to 5 some food and water and we’d fish the entire day.I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n) 6 factor behind his success.It was one 7 after another after another.
The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t 8 .Days when the weather was awful,when the mosquitoes were biting,when my hands were cold.Times when I just wanted to 9 and go home.Dad’s 10 “Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 11 your line.Keep casting,” he’d say.
I learned early the importance of 12 and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.Sooner or later they’d 13 .I took that same attitude into my school work. 14 ,I got many awards at college.I applied it 15 to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的父亲是一个不屈不挠的渔夫。作者从小和父亲一起去捕鱼,耳濡目染中作者被父亲坚持不懈的精神所感染,这也成就了他现在的成功。
1.A.dream B.career C.childhood D.adulthood
解析 根据语境和后文“Times when I just wanted to and go home.Dad’s ‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,这是介绍作者童年(childhood)的经历。
2.A.got up B.reached out C.stepped back D.set off
解析 根据语境和后文“Mom would ask,‘What time will you be back ’”可知,此处是指作者和父亲出发(set off)去钓鱼的时候。
√
√
3.A.camps B.lines C.tracks D.cottages
解析 根据语境和后文“Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you your line.”可知,此处是指钓鱼的线(lines)。此空处所填词正是下文的 line 的原词复现。这些原词有时离设空较近,有时可能在文章的结尾。利用原词复现解题需要把题目选项中的词汇与原文仔细比对,并结合句意确定答案。
√
4.A.forgot B.rejected C.recalled D.meant
解析 根据语境和后文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,父亲是一个坚持的人,说到做到。mean it说话算数;言出必行。
5.A.make B.pack C.heat D.freeze
解析 根据语境和后文“some food and water and we’d fish the entire day”可知,此处是指把食物和水塞进包里。pack打包,塞满。
√
√
6.A.cultural B.random C.major D.external
解析 根据常识和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n)”以及后文“factor behind his success”可知,此处是指他的坚持、快速的撒网技术,是他成功的主要(major)因素。
7.A.cast B.step C.strike D.risk
解析 根据语境和前文“rapid-fire casting technique”以及后文“after another after another”可知,此处是指不停地撒网(cast)。
√
√
8.A.swimming B.dancing C.gathering D.biting
解析 根据常识和前文“The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t”可知,此处是指父亲教我处理鱼不咬钩(biting)的情况。
9.A.wander B.play C.quit D.sleep
解析 根据语境和后文“and go home”可知,此处是指作者想停止(quit)钓鱼,然后回家。
√
√
10.A.response B.intention C.evaluation D.situation
解析 根据语境和前文“Times when I just wanted to and go home.”以及后文“‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,此处是指父亲对想回家的作者做出的回应(response)。故选A项。
√
11.A.abandon B.monitor C.fetch D.wet
解析 根据常识和前文“It was one after another after another.”可知,钓鱼时不停地撒网,由此推知,撒网的时候网会湿(wet)。
12.A.kindness B.insistence C.confidence D.business
解析 根据语境和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,此处是指想钓到鱼,父亲教作者坚持(insistence)和不停地尝试不同鱼食的重要性。
√
√
13.A.cooperate B.progress C.resist D.integrate
解析 根据语境和前文“I learned early the importance of and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.”可知,此处是指想钓到鱼,坚持和不停地尝试不同鱼食,鱼儿迟早会“配合(cooperate)”的,即上钩。
√
14.A.In surprise B.As a result
C.Ahead of time D.In particular
解析 根据语境和后文“I got many awards at college”可知,此处是指父亲对作者影响的结果(As a result)。
√
15.A.intentionally B.casually
C.hesitantly D.temporarily
解析 根据语境和前文“I applied it”以及后文“to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today”可知,作为一个成年人,我有意地(intentionally)把它应用到我的工作中,它成就了现在的我。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
When the winter approaches,tanghulu,a traditional Chinese snack can be found on the street corner in northern China.Since ancient times,it 1. (be) very popular with natives, especially children.
Tanghulu is 2. (common) made of haws (山楂果),which are rich in vitamin C and are known 3. (have) traditional Chinese medicinal properties.According to a legend,in Song Dynasty,one of the emperor’s 4. (wife) was sick and had 5. poor appetite.The doctor suggested that she eat five to ten haws 6. (boil) with sugar before each meal. She recovered within half a month.Later,the prescription was passed on 7. ordinary people.
People put haws on a stick,dipped them in hot sugar syrup (糖浆) and dried.The syrup finally turned into a solid coating,like the crystal on the surface of haws.That is 8. they are also called bingtanghulu.9. origin story says that the very first tanghulu only had two haws—a small one on the top and a big one below,making it resemble a hulu,a bringer of good luck.
With sour haws and sweet sugar,the taste of tanghulu is a combination of flavors,which often 10. (remind) people of their happy childhoods.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了糖葫芦的起源、做法与味道等。
1.has been [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句中的时间状语“Since ancient times”和语境可知,此处应用现在完成时,又因为主语it表示单数,所以空处应用现在完成时的单数形式,故填has been。]
2.commonly [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,修饰动词made,应用副词形式,故填commonly。]
3.to have [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式短语“to have traditional Chinese medicinal properties”作主语补足语。]
4.wives [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“one of”可知,这位皇帝的妻子不止一位,故空处要用可数名词复数形式,wife的复数形式为不规则变化wives。故填wives。]
5.a [考查冠词。此处表示“胃口不好”,且poor的发音以辅音音素开头,故应用“a poor appetite”表示,故要用不定冠词a。]
6.boiled [考查非谓语动词。该从句中已有谓语动词eat,故空处应用动词的非谓语形式,又因空处与haws之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词短语“boiled with sugar”作其后置定语。]
7.to [考查介词。pass sth on to sb意为“把某物传给某人”,是固定用法,符合语境。]
8.why [考查名词性从句。根据语境可知,“The syrup finally...on the surface of haws”与“they are also called bingtanghulu”之间存在因果关系,且表语从句中缺少状语,表示“为什么”,故此处用why引导表语从句。]
9.Another [考查限定词。根据第二段第二句中的“a legend”并结合语境可知,此处在讲另一个有关糖葫芦起源的故事,表示“又一,再一”,故填限定词Another。]
10.reminds [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“often”和句意可知,该从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时,且which引导的定语从句修饰先行词“a combination of flavors”,表示单数意义,故该从句的谓语动词用单数形式,故填reminds。 ]
