Section Ⅳ Using Language
Ⅰ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the main cause of bad health
A.Taking too much sugar.
B.Eating too much fat.
C.Having too many calories.
D.Taking less exercise.
2.In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A.By eating extra desserts.
B.By overeating each meal.
C.Through vegetables and sweets.
D.Through sweets and sweet drinks.
3.What is an ideal diet
A.One without fat.
B.One that is balanced.
C.One without sugar.
D.One with vegetables.
4.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A.What to eat to be fit.
B.When to eat each meal.
C.How to eat healthily.
D.Why to eat quickly.
答案 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
What is the structure of the passage
答案 A
Ⅲ.难句解构
1.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar,which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
学会断句:此句是复合句,that引导宾语从句,此从句中的limit前省略了should,which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar,what引导的是宾语从句。
尝试翻译:美国心脏协会建议我们将每日的糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下,这少于一听含糖饮料或一块糖果通常所含糖分。
2.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.
学会断句:此句是复合句,What this means是主语从句,who chew too quickly是定语从句,修饰先行词people,because引导的是原因状语从句。
尝试翻译:这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
[核心单词·练通]
1.dessert /d z t/ n.(饭后)甜点
2.canteen /k n ti n/ n.食堂;餐厅
3.somewhat / s mw t/ adv.有点;稍微
4.madam / m d m/ n.夫人;女士
5.calorie / k l ri/ n.卡路里(热量单位)
6.regardless /rI ɡɑ dl s/ adv.不顾;不加理会
7.category / k t ɡ ri/ n.类别;种类
8.fibre (especially US fiber) / faIb (r)/
n.纤维;纤维制品
9.quantity / kw nt ti/ n.数量;数额
10.ideal /aI di l/ adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)
11.fundamental / f nd mentl/ adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则
12.chew /t u / vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎 n.咀嚼
13.overall / v r l/ adv.总体上;大致上
adj.全面的;综合的
[拓展单词·用活]
1.stable / steIbl/ adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);固定(性)
2.association / s i eI n/ n.协会;关联→associate vt.把……联系起来;联想;联系 vi.交往 adj.副的→associated adj.有关的;有联系的
3.moderation / m d reI n/ n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的
4.modest / m dIst/ adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→modesty n.谦虚,谦逊
5.trick /trIk/ n.诀窍;计谋;把戏→tricky adj.棘手的;难对付的;狡猾的
[阅读单词·识记]
1.cafeteria / k f t ri / n.自助餐厅;自助食堂
2.pork /p k/ n.猪肉
3.pearl /p l/ n.珍珠
4.vitamin / v t m n;NAmE vaIt-/ n.维生素
5.dairy / de ri/ adj.奶制的;乳品(业)的 n.乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
[重点短语·再现]
1.regardless of不管;不顾
2.as to关于;至于
3.make up组成;构成
4.limit...to...把……限定在/局限于……范围内
5.in other words换句话说
6.cut down on减少;削减
7.rather than而不是
8.fatty food高脂肪食物
9.one trick to healthy eating健康饮食的一个诀窍
10.die from heart disease死于心脏病
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] that引导同位语从句
[教材原句] However,there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food,as it is sugar.
然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物,而是糖。
2.[句型公式] 倍数表达法
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. 在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
3.[句型公式] while引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] Put more simply,while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous,we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说,当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
4.[句型公式] It is up to sb to do sth
[教材原句] It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet. 你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你自己。
核心单词练透
1.association n.协会;关联
教材原文 Journal of the American Medical Association 《美国医学会杂志》
感知 语言再输入
①Learning that our English association needs some volunteers,I’m writing to apply for the position.
②There is no denying that health is associated with a balanced diet.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)in association with... ……联合
(2)associate vt. 联想;联系
vi. 交往
n. 同事;伙伴
adj. 副的
associate with... 和……交往;和……结交
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
(3)associated adj. 有联系的
be associated with... 与……有关
运用 单句语法填空/同义句转换/补全句子
①As long as you associate with people who think positively,it is certain that you are going to achieve success.
②He is closely associated(associate) in the public with comedy movies.
③There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
→There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(过去分词短语作定语)
→There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(association n.)
④We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们正在与本地许多公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。
2.quantity n.数量;数额
教材原文 Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients.
与新鲜的食材相比,加工食品通常营养成分较低,而糖分、盐分和脂肪含量却更高。
感知 语言再输入
①The Great Wall is a world famous tourist destination attracting a large quantity of tourists from home and abroad every year.
②It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity/in large quantities.
记牢 知识再梳理
a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量的;许多的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
[名师点津] “a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Large quantities of clothes are needed(need) for those who are from poor areas.
②As a result of destroying the forests,a large quantity of desert has covered(cover) the land so far.
③After some technical problems,this kind of product was successfully produced in quantity.
④Learning that you have large quantities of experience in playing basketball,I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join in our basketball club. 得知你在打篮球方面有许多经验,我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们的篮球俱乐部。
3.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈
教材原文 There is no one trick to healthy eating. 健康饮食没有诀窍。
感知 语言再输入
①And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.(外研选一U1)
②When I found out that I was tricked by him,I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.(译林必一U3)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb 捉弄某人
the trick of... ……的诀窍
(2)trick sb
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①If the neighbours do not give them any sweets,the children might play a trick on them.
②He claimed that he was tricked into doing something that hurt others.
③We were tricked (trick) into buying a poor car,which made me very upset.
④As an exchange student from America,I like eating dumplings.Would you please tell me the trick of making dumplings
作为一名来自美国的交换生,我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗
4.regardless of不管;不顾
教材原文 This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.
无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
感知 语言再输入
①Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day,regardless of the weather.(外研选三U2)
②In spite of/Despite heavy rain,the outdoor wedding was still held as planned.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
(2)in spite of=despite 尽管;不管
运用 补全句子
①Regardless of the fact that Mary was on a tight budget,she tried to bring food and medicine to the poor.
尽管事实上玛丽手头并不宽裕,但她仍尽力带给穷人食物和药物。
②In spite of/Despite his hearing loss,he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.(译林选一U2)
尽管他的听力受损,但他决心找到一种方法继续过充满音乐的生活。
片段巩固 根据汉语提示用associate、quantity、trick、regardless of完成下面的小短文
众所周知,我们的身心健康与饮食习惯有关。不管我们过去有什么样的饮食习惯,建议我们每天都吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果。另外,我们最好每天食用少量的肉。总之,健康饮食的诀窍在于均衡饮食。当然,你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你自己。
As is well known to us,our mental and physical health 1.is associated with eating habits.2.Regardless of what kind of eating habits we had in the past (介词短语作让步状语),it is recommended that we (should) eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day.Besides,we had better consume 3.a small quantity of meat on a daily basis.In a word,4.the trick of healthy eating is a balanced diet (“主系表”结构).Of course,it is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
典型句式练透
1.句型公式:倍数表达法
教材原文 And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
感知 语言再输入
However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.(外研必二U6)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B;
(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B;
(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/height/amount/...)+of+B;
(4)A+be+倍数+what从句,意为“A是……的多少倍”。
[名师点津] 教材原文中出现的“twice as...than...”的用法多见于非正式文体。通常我们会使用“twice as...as...”来表达类似的意思。
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①The output of this year is three times what it was in 2015.
②正如短视频中所显示的,现在英语俱乐部的成员人数是刚成立时的四倍。
→As is shown in the short clip,the English Club now has four times as many members as when it was founded.(as)
→As is shown in the short clip,the English Club now has three times more members than when it was founded.(than)
→As is shown in the short clip,the English Club now has four times the number of members when it was founded.(number)
2.句型公式:It is up to sb to do sth
教材原文 It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你自己。
感知 语言再输入
①Life just gives us time and space.It is up to us to decide how to fill it.
②The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds,killing up to 60,000 each year.(外研选二U5)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)It is up to sb to do sth意为“由某人决定做某事;做某事取决于某人”。
(2)up to直到;达到;到……为止;正在做某事;胜任;由……决定
up to now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
运用 写出下列句中up to的含义/补全句子
①To make some of my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.(2023·全国乙卷)达到
②John was dismissed because he wasn’t up to the position.胜任
③I don’t know what he is up to these days.正在做某事
④It’s up to me to hold the class meeting themed “Traditional Chinese Culture”.
由我来主持主题为“中国传统文化”的班会。
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
前几天,我偶然看到一篇文章,重点讲的是如何养成健康的饮食习惯。报告称,16-34岁的年轻人患糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病等疾病的可能性是十年前的两倍。
当我读这篇文章的时候,我也反思了自己。坦白地说,我确实有一些不良的饮食习惯。例如,我更喜欢吃通常被称为垃圾食品的东西,而不是健康的菜肴。现在我明白了,做出正确的饮食抉择取决于我。我决定做出积极的改变来锻炼我的身体。
The other day,I came across an article,1.which focused on how to form healthy eating habits (非限制性定语从句).It said young people aged 16-34 2.are twice as likely to have (倍数表达法) diseases such as diabetes,obesity,and heart diseases than they were a decade ago.
While I was reading the article,I also reflected on myself.To be frank,I do have some bad eating habits.For example,I prefer to eat what is generally called junk food instead of healthy dishes.Now I understand 3.it’s up to me to make the right eating decisions (it形式主语).I have decided to make positive changes to build up my body.
高考热点微练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①He had saved a modest amount of money,which made him very happy.adj.不太多的;些许的
②There will be winners in each of three age groups,and one overall winner.adj.总体的
③It’s my ideal of what a family home should be.n.完美的人(或事物)
④Their characters are fully formed and they are both very stable children.adj.(性格)平和稳重的,持重的
2.选出trick的汉语意思
A.n.诡计 B.n.戏法;把戏 C.n.诀窍 D.vt.欺骗
①Patience is the trick of doing this job well.C
②Unexpectedly,our monitor can perform magic tricks.B
③An advertiser might be trying to trick customers into buying a product or a service.D
④One day he tried to play a trick on the other people.A
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Chinese paintings which are ideal (理想的) presents can help people learn more about Chinese culture.
2.We are ready to develop our overall (全面的) abilities to serve our motherland.
3.He believes that better relations with China are fundamental (根本的) to the well-being of the area.
4.You will have lunch in our school canteen (食堂),where you can taste dumplings.
5.Instead of finding a stable (稳定的) job in a big company,I would like to start my own business.
6.The majority of scientists are modest / m d st/ about their achievements no matter how great they are,not liking showing off on public occasions.
7.At noon,we had a buffet lunch together in the cafeteria / k f t ri /.
8.As far as I’m concerned,it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.
9.The food is home-cooked using fresh ingredients.
10.Her boss would lose his temper if a project wasn’t done on time.
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.The aim of this association(associate)is to increase people’s awareness of protecting traditional Chinese culture.
2.He accepted the award with characteristic modesty (modest).
3.He’s an exceptionally (exception)talented dancer and practises several hours every day.
4.I hear quantities (quantity) of money have been collected for the earthquake-hit areas.
5.The finding will fundamentally(fundamental) change our understanding of how the universe operates.
6.We have asked five successful writers to reveal some of the tricks (trick) of writing.
7.The results of this survey can be divided into three main categories(category).
8.They showed a remarkable degree of moderation(moderate)in not quarrelling publicly on television.
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
make up,regardless of,cut down on,rather than,get rid of,start with
1.In the ten provinces and three territories which make up Canada,there is great diversity in geography.(译林选三U1)
2.Regardless of all the challenges,Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.(译林选三U3)
3.To keep healthy,we’d better cut down on fat and sugar in our diets.
4.He is more of a leader than a follower,preferring to take the initiative rather than wait for others to act.
5.Before jogging,you should start with a general warm-up.
6.You’d better get rid of that attitude and shape up,young man.
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共8分)
1.Much to his surprise,he invited only ten friends to his party,but twice as many came.(倍数表达法)
令他吃惊的是,他只邀请了十个朋友来参加他的聚会,而来的人却多了一倍。
2.While the scientists were conducting the research,an unexpected breakthrough occurred.(while引导时间状语从句)
当科学家们正在进行研究时,一个意外的突破出现了。
3.I’ve given you my advice;it is up to you to decide whether or not you act on it.(it作形式主语)
我已经告诉你我的建议了;是否照办是你的事。
4.The idea that education is a fundamental right for all children has been widely accepted.(that引导同位语从句)
教育是所有儿童的基本权利这一观点已被广泛接受。
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Meals on Wheels delivery service is for those facing life-threatening illnesses like Borden did back in 2012.She had just finished a Master’s program in 1 when she was diagnosed with cancer called Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.Soon,her mother was diagnosed with cancer.Borden moved to Grand Rapids,Michigan to take care of herself while 2 her mother.
“It’s a 3 time in your life when you have great need for nutrition but you can’t provide healthy 4 for yourself,” Borden said.“Having a Master’s in Nutrition,I knew how 5 nourishment was during my cancer treatment and recovery.”
She started Revive and Thrive while going through treatment, 6 out to local hospitals and kitchens to get the organization off the ground.Soon she was 7 meals for patients referred to her by social workers,nurses and doctors in the area.
She 8 each patient to get a sense of what their nutrition needs are and how long they’ll need help.Then,she gets to 9 .
“Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods,and to 10 job skills,life skills and the joy of being able to 11 others in their community,” Borden says.
She works with a head chef who 12 the nutrient-rich meals and makes sure each meal contains the essential vitamins and proteins that a person fighting a life-threatening illness 13 .
“When you’re 14 and dealing with cancer by yourself,it can cause you more depression.Knowing somebody cares about what you eat is 15 ,”she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Borden在自己被诊断为癌症后,成立了一个组织,为癌症病人提供健康的饮食,她认为有人关心自己的饮食会让病人受到鼓舞,更好地抗击疾病。
1.A.medicine B.education
C.economics D.nutrition
答案 D [她刚完成一个营养学的硕士项目,就被诊断得了名为Invasive Ductal Carcinoma的癌症。根据下文的“Having a Master’s in Nutrition”可知,Borden是学营养学的。]
2.A.nursing B.teaching
C.guiding D.training
答案 A [Borden 搬到了密歇根州的Grand Rapids去照顾自己和她的妈妈。根据上文的“Soon,her mother was diagnosed with cancer.”可知,她的妈妈也生病了,故此处用“照顾”合适,nurse和take care of是同义词复现。]
3.A.dangerous B.hard
C.common D.valuable
答案 B [这是你生命中的一段艰难的日子,在这期间你需要大量的营养,但是你不能给自己提供健康的饮食。 根据上文的“Soon,her mother was diagnosed with cancer.”可知,此处用“艰难的日子”符合语境。]
4.A.lifestyles B.spirit
C.meals D.sleep
答案 C [根据下文的“Soon she was meals for patients referred to her by social workers,nurses and doctors in the area.”可知,此处用“饮食”符合语境,meal是原词复现,故选C项。]
5.A.rare B.adequate
C.comfortable D.important
答案 D [作为一名营养学硕士,在我的癌症治疗和恢复期间,我知道营养物质是多么重要。结合常识可知,营养物质对于病人来说很重要。]
6.A.going B.calling
C.reaching D.speaking
答案 C [她在治疗期间启动了Revive and Thrive,向当地的医院和救济食堂提供帮助,让组织发展起来。结合句意可知,此处考查短语reach out to “向……提供帮助”。]
7.A.enjoying B.preparing
C.checking D.comparing
答案 B [很快,她就为那些通过社工、护士和医生向她求助的病人准备饮食。 结合上下文可知,Borden成立的Revive and Thrive就是为病人准备健康饮食的组织。]
8.A.tells B.cures
C.exams D.meets
答案 D [她亲自和每位病人见面,了解他们需要的营养物质,以及需要多长时间的帮助。结合句意可知,此处是指Borden去和每个病人见面,了解他们所需营养的情况。]
9.A.rest B.work
C.school D.bed
答案 B [然后她开始工作。结合上下文可知,此处是指Borden了解了病人的需求后,开始营养餐的准备工作。]
10.A.learn B.show
C.require D.test
答案 A [给病人提供营养餐和教他们做营养餐、学会工作和生活技能、享受为社区的其他人服务同等重要。结合句意可知,此处是指帮助病人学会生活和工作技能。]
11.A.judge B.serve
C.gather D.relax
答案 B [根据上文“Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods...”可知,此处用“服务”符合语境,serve是原词复现。]
12.A.eats B.expects
C.creates D.proves
答案 C [她和一个主厨合作,主厨负责开发富含营养的饮食,并确保每一餐都含有与危及生命的疾病作斗争的人所必需的维生素和蛋白质。结合句意可知,主厨的任务是开发和制作营养餐。]
13.A.needs B.makes
C.shares D.provides
答案 A [根据句意可知,此处是指抗击疾病所需的营养物质。]
14.A.alone B.wise
C.old D.free
答案 A [当你一个人独自抗击癌症时,你会更加沮丧。根据by yourself可知,此处用“独自”符合语境。]
15.A.interesting B.amusing
C.amazing D.inspiring
答案 D [根据上下文内容可知,此处是指病人知道有人关心自己的饮食会让他们受到鼓舞、精神振作。]
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
“Jianbing” stands are common in every Chinese city.At around five in the morning,the vendors (小商贩) appear with everything 1. they need,packed on the back of a bicycle or motorbike.They set up in unused spaces,doorways,or street corners and minutes before the first bing (pancake) becoming available on the hot griddle (鏊子),many people are 2. (ready) waiting for it.
Although these “jianbing” stalls might be temporary,this is no grab-and-go street breakfast.For “jianbing”,there is always 3. long line.You might be late for work,or filled with extreme 4. (starve),but that’s all irrelevant to the vendor behind the griddle.5. (preserve) the crispness of the pancake and fried wonton wrapper,“jianbing” are never cooked ahead of time,so waiting for your turn 6. (be) part of the culture.Maybe in the midst of our busy days,this moment of 7. (silence) observation,of waiting while someone cooks something especially for you,is the true secret of “jianbing”.Buy a baozi (steamed bun) or other fast food instead,or you 8. (have) nothing fast to eat.
If “jianbing”were that easy to make,it would have taken the world by storm long before now.Part of the challenge in copying the dish is that the batter (面糊) and fillings 9. (use) in “jianbing” differ by region,and even by vendor.Many consider making your own “jianbing” is impossible 10. months of practice and tuition from a master.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了煎饼和煎饼摊这一深具中国特色的饮食文化。
1.that [考查定语从句。句意:大约在早上五点,小贩们出现了,他们把需要的东西都打包在自行车或摩托车的后面。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为everything,且用作限制性定语从句的宾语,只能用that引导。故填that。]
2.readily [考查词性转换。句意:他们在闲置的空间、门口或街角摆摊,在第一个煎饼即将在滚烫的鏊子上完成时,许多人已经在等着它了。空处修饰空后的动词,应该用副词修饰。故填readily。]
3.a [考查冠词。句意:等待“煎饼”的队伍总是很长。line意为“队伍”时,为可数名词,句中用的单数形式,其前应用不定冠词修饰。故填a。]
4.starvation [考查词性转换。句意:你可能上班迟到了,或者饥肠辘辘,但这一切都与鏊子后面的小商贩无关。此处需填介词with的宾语,同时所填词又被形容词extreme修饰,故填提示词的派生名词。故填starvation。]
5.To preserve [考查非谓语动词。句意:为了保持煎饼和炸馄饨的酥脆,“煎饼”从来不会提前做好,所以等待轮到你是文化的一部分。本句已有谓语动词are cooked,所以preserve用非谓语动词形式,根据句意,此处用不定式作目的状语。故填To preserve。]
6.is [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句是so连接的并列句,be动词作后句谓语,主语是waiting for your turn,动词-ing形式作主语,且描述客观事实,谓语动词应用一般现在时。故填is。]
7.silent [考查词性转换。句意:也许在我们忙碌的日子里,这一刻静静地观察,等待别人为你做一些特别的东西,这才是“煎饼”的真正秘密。空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语。故填silent。]
8.will have [考查动词的时态。句意:买一个包子或其他快餐代替,否则你就没有快餐可吃了。此处考查固定句式,祈使句+or+陈述句(一般将来时),所以空处用一般将来时。故填will have。]
9.used [考查非谓语动词。句意:模仿这道菜的部分挑战在于,“煎饼”中使用的面糊和馅料因地区甚至小商贩的不同而不同。本句已有谓语动词differ,所以use用非谓语动词形式,和逻辑主语batter (面糊) and fillings之间是被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填used。]
10.without [考查介词。句意:许多人认为,没有几个月的练习和师傅的指导,自己做煎饼是不可能的。此处指如果没有大师的指导和数月的练习,你无法自己独立做出这种煎饼,应用介词without意为“没有”。故填without。](共85张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Using Language
内
容
索
引
必备知识自测
核心考点突破
课时测评作业
文本整体理解
文 本 整 体 理 解
Ⅰ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the main cause of bad health
A.Taking too much sugar.
B.Eating too much fat.
C.Having too many calories.
D.Taking less exercise.
√
2.In which way do people mainly take in extra sugar
A.By eating extra desserts.
B.By overeating each meal.
C.Through vegetables and sweets.
D.Through sweets and sweet drinks.
√
3.What is an ideal diet
A.One without fat.
B.One that is balanced.
C.One without sugar.
D.One with vegetables.
√
4.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4
A.What to eat to be fit.
B.When to eat each meal.
C.How to eat healthily.
D.Why to eat quickly.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
What is the structure of the passage
√
Ⅲ.难句解构
1.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar,which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.
学会断句:此句是复合句,that引导 从句,此从句中的limit前省略了should,which引导 从句,修饰先行词less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar,what引导的是
从句。
尝试翻译:
宾语
非限制性定语
宾语
美国心脏协会建议我们将每日的糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下,这少于一听含糖饮料或一块糖果通常所含糖分。
2.What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry.
学会断句:此句是复合句,What this means是 从句,who chew too quickly是 从句,修饰先行词people, because引导的是 从句。
尝试翻译:
主语
定语
原因状语
这意味着咀嚼过快的人最终会吃太多食物,因为他们仍然感到饥饿。
必 备 知 识 自 测
[核心单词·练通]
1. /d z t/ n.(饭后)甜点
2. /k n ti n/ n.食堂;餐厅
3. / s mw t/ adv.有点;稍微
4. / m d m/ n.夫人;女士
5. / k l ri/ n.卡路里(热量单位)
6. /rI ɡɑ dl s/ adv.不顾;不加理会
7. / k t ɡ ri/ n.类别;种类
dessert
canteen
somewhat
madam
calorie
regardless
category
8. (especially US ) / faIb (r)/ n.纤维;纤维制品
9. / kw nt ti/ n.数量;数额
10. /aI di l/ adj.完美的;理想的;想象的 n.理想;完美的人(或事物)
11. / f nd mentl/ adj.根本的;基础的;基本的 n.基本规律;根本法则
12. /t u / vi.& vt.咀嚼;嚼碎 n.咀嚼
13. / v r l/ adv.总体上; 大致上 adj.全面的;综合的
fibre
fiber
quantity
ideal
fundamental
chew
overall
[拓展单词·用活]
1. / steIbl/ adj.稳定的;稳重的→stability n.稳定(性);固定(性)
2. / s i eI n/ n.协会;关联→associate vt.把……联系起来;联想;联系 vi.交往 adj.副的→associated adj.有关的;有联系的
3. / m d reI n/ n.适度;合理→moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的
stable
association
moderation
4. / m dIst/ adj.些许的;谦虚的;朴素的→modesty n.谦虚,谦逊
5. /trIk/ n.诀窍;计谋;把戏→tricky adj.棘手的;难对付的;狡猾的
modest
trick
[阅读单词·识记]
1.cafeteria / k f t ri / n.
2.pork /p k/ n.
3.pearl /p l/ n.
4.vitamin / v t m n;NAmE vaIt-/ n.
5.dairy / de ri/ adj.
n.
自助餐厅;自助食堂
猪肉
珍珠
维生素
奶制的;乳品(业)的
乳制品;乳品店;牛奶厂
[重点短语·再现]
1. 不管;不顾
2. 关于;至于
3. 组成;构成
4. 把……限定在/局限于…… 范围内
5. 换句话说
regardless of
as to
make up
limit...to...
in other words
6.cut down on
7.rather than
8.fatty food
9.one trick to healthy eating
10.die from heart disease
减少;削减
而不是
高脂肪食物
健康饮食的一个诀窍
死于心脏病
[典型句式·默背]
根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子
1.[句型公式] that引导同位语从句
[教材原句] However,there is increasing evidence
.
然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物,而是糖。
that the real
driver of poor health is not so much fatty food,as it is sugar
2.[句型公式] 倍数表达法
[教材原句] And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are
people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
twice as likely to die
from heart disease than
3.[句型公式] while引导时间状语从句
[教材原句] Put more simply,
whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.
简单地说,当人们还在继续争论高脂肪食物是否有害时,我们已经知晓糖分是健康杀手。
while people continue to argue over
4.[句型公式] It is up to sb to do sth
[教材原句] how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
你想如何生活、如何作出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你自己。
It is up to you to decide
核 心 考 点 突 破
核心单词练透
高考热点微练
典型句式练透
核心单词练透
1.association n.协会;关联
教材原文 Journal of the American Medical Association
《美国医学会杂志》
感知 语言再输入
①Learning that our English association needs some volunteers,I’m writing to apply for the position.
②There is no denying that health is associated with a balanced diet.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)in association with... 与……联合
(2)associate vt. 联想;联系 vi.交往 n.同事;伙伴 adj.副的
associate with... 和……交往;和……结交
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
(3)associated adj. 有联系的
be associated with... 与……有关
运用 单句语法填空/同义句转换/补全句子
①As long as you associate people who think positively,it is certain that you are going to achieve success.
②He is closely (associate) in the public with comedy movies.
with
associated
③There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.
→There are many serious health problems
.(过去分词短语作定语)
→There are many serious health problems
.(association n.)
④We
to raise money for the homeless.
我们正在与本地许多公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。
associated with smoking
in association with smoking
are working in association with a number of local companies
2.quantity n.数量;数额
教材原文 Processed foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients.
与新鲜的食材相比,加工食品通常营养成分较低,而糖分、盐分和脂肪含量却更高。
感知 语言再输入
①The Great Wall is a world famous tourist destination attracting a large quantity of tourists from home and abroad every year.
②It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity/in large quantities.
记牢 知识再梳理
a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的
quantities of 大量的;许多的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量地
[名师点津] “a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与名词的数保持一致;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Large quantities of clothes (need) for those who are from poor areas.
②As a result of destroying the forests,a large quantity of desert
(cover) the land so far.
③After some technical problems,this kind of product was successfully produced quantity.
are needed
has covered
in
④Learning that you have
in playing basketball, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to join in our basketball club.
得知你在打篮球方面有许多经验,我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们的篮球俱乐部。
large quantities of experience
3.trick n.诀窍;计谋;把戏 v.欺骗;欺诈
教材原文 There is no one trick to healthy eating.
健康饮食没有诀窍。
感知 语言再输入
①And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.
(外研选一U1)
②When I found out that I was tricked by him,I was really hurt and let go of our friendship.(译林必一U3)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)play a trick/tricks on sb 捉弄某人
the trick of... ……的诀窍
(2)trick sb
运用 单句语法填空/补全句子
①If the neighbours do not give them any sweets,the children might play a trick them.
②He claimed that he was tricked doing something that hurt others.
③We (trick) into buying a poor car,which made me very upset.
on
into
were tricked
④As an exchange student from America,I like eating dumplings. Would you please tell me
作为一名来自美国的交换生,我喜欢吃水饺。你可以告诉我包水饺的诀窍吗
the trick of making dumplings
4.regardless of不管;不顾
教材原文 This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be.无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
感知 语言再输入
①Cunningham would go out onto the streets of New York each and every day,regardless of the weather.(外研选三U2)
②In spite of/Despite heavy rain,the outdoor wedding was still held as planned.
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)regardless of the fact that... 不顾……的事实
(2)in spite of=despite 尽管;不管
运用 补全句子
① Mary was on a tight budget,she tried to bring food and medicine to the poor.
尽管事实上玛丽手头并不宽裕,但她仍尽力带给穷人食物和药物。
② , he was determined to find a way to continue living a life full of music.(译林选一U2)
尽管他的听力受损,但他决心找到一种方法继续过充满音乐的生活。
Regardless of the fact that
In spite of/Despite his hearing loss
片段巩固 根据汉语提示用associate、quantity、trick、regardless of完成下面的小短文
众所周知,我们的身心健康与饮食习惯有关。不管我们过去有什么样的饮食习惯,建议我们每天都吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果。另外,我们最好每天食用少量的肉。总之,健康饮食的诀窍在于均衡饮食。当然,你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你自己。
As is well known to us,our mental and physical health 1. .
2.
(介词短语作让步状语),it is recommended that we (should) eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day.Besides,we had better consume 3. .In a word,
4. (“主系表”结构).Of course,it is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
is associated with eating habits
Regardless of what kind of eating habits we had in the past
a small quantity of meat on a daily basis
the trick of healthy eating is a balanced diet
典型句式练透
1.句型公式:倍数表达法
教材原文 And in America,people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day.
在美国,每天从糖分中摄取25%或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10%的人的两倍。
感知 语言再输入
However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
(外研必二U6)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B;
(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B;
(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/height/amount/...)+of+B;
(4)A+be+倍数+what从句,意为“A是……的多少倍”。
[名师点津] 教材原文中出现的“twice as...than...”的用法多见于非正式文体。通常我们会使用“twice as...as...”来表达类似的意思。
运用 单句语法填空/一句多译
①The output of this year is three times it was in 2015.
②正如短视频中所显示的,现在英语俱乐部的成员人数是刚成立时的四倍。
→As is shown in the short clip,the English Club now has
when it was founded.(as)
→As is shown in the short clip,the English Club now has
when it was founded.(than)
→As is shown in the short clip,the English Club now has
when it was founded.(number)
what
four times as many members as
three times more members than
four times the number of members
2.句型公式:It is up to sb to do sth
教材原文 It is up to you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet.
你想如何生活、如何做出正确的饮食抉择,这取决于你自己。
感知 语言再输入
①Life just gives us time and space.It is up to us to decide how to fill it.
②The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds,killing up to 60,000 each year.
(外研选二U5)
记牢 知识再梳理
(1)It is up to sb to do sth意为“由某人决定做某事;做某事取决于某人”。
(2)up to直到;达到;到……为止;正在做某事;胜任;由……决定
up to now直到现在(常与现在完成时连用)
运用 写出下列句中up to的含义/补全句子
①To make some of my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.(2023·全国乙卷)
②John was dismissed because he wasn’t up to the position.
③I don’t know what he is up to these days.
达到
胜任
正在做某事
④ themed “Traditional Chinese Culture”.
由我来主持主题为“中国传统文化”的班会。
It’s up to me to hold the class meeting
片段巩固 根据汉语提示并使用本部分句式结构完成下面的小短文
前几天,我偶然看到一篇文章,重点讲的是如何养成健康的饮食习惯。报告称,16-34岁的年轻人患糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病等疾病的可能性是十年前的两倍。
当我读这篇文章的时候,我也反思了自己。坦白地说,我确实有一些不良的饮食习惯。例如,我更喜欢吃通常被称为垃圾食品的东西,而不是健康的菜肴。现在我明白了,做出正确的饮食抉择取决于我。我决定做出积极的改变来锻炼我的身体。
The other day,I came across an article,1. (非限制性定语从句).It said young people aged 16-34 2. (倍数表达法) diseases such as diabetes, obesity,and heart diseases than they were a decade ago.
which focused
on how to form healthy eating habits
are twice as likely to have
While I was reading the article,I also reflected on myself.To be frank,I do have some bad eating habits.For example,I prefer to eat what is generally called junk food instead of healthy dishes.Now I understand 3.
(it形式主语).I have decided to make positive changes to build up my body.
it’s up to me to make the right eating decisions
高考热点微练
1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①He had saved a modest amount of money,which made him very happy.
②There will be winners in each of three age groups,and one overall winner.
③It’s my ideal of what a family home should be.
④Their characters are fully formed and they are both very stable children.
adj.不太多的;些许的
adj.总体的
n.完美的人(或事物)
adj.(性格)平和稳重的,持重的
2.选出trick的汉语意思
A.n.诡计 B.n.戏法;把戏 C.n.诀窍 D.vt.欺骗
①Patience is the trick of doing this job well.
②Unexpectedly,our monitor can perform magic tricks.
③An advertiser might be trying to trick customers into buying a product or a service.
④One day he tried to play a trick on the other people.
C
B
D
A
课 时 测 评 作 业
基础语境练
素能提升练
[基础语境练]
Ⅰ.单词情景运用(每小题1分,共10分)
1.Chinese paintings which are (理想的) presents can help people learn more about Chinese culture.
2.We are ready to develop our (全面的) abilities to serve our motherland.
3.He believes that better relations with China are ________________
(根本的) to the well-being of the area.
ideal
overall
fundamental
4.You will have lunch in our school (食堂),where you can taste dumplings.
5.Instead of finding a (稳定的) job in a big company,I would like to start my own business.
6.The majority of scientists are / m d st/ about their achievements no matter how great they are,not liking showing off on public occasions.
canteen
stable
modest
7.At noon,we had a buffet lunch together in the _________________
/ k f t ri /.
8.As far as I’m concerned,it is quality rather than q_______________
that really counts.
9.The food is home-cooked using fresh i .
10.Her boss would lose his t if a project wasn’t done on time.
cafeteria
uantity
ngredients
emper
Ⅱ.词形转换填空(每小题1分,共8分)
1.The aim of this (associate)is to increase people’s awareness of protecting traditional Chinese culture.
2.He accepted the award with characteristic (modest).
3.He’s an (exception)talented dancer and practises several hours every day.
4.I hear (quantity) of money have been collected for the earthquake-hit areas.
association
modesty
exceptionally
quantities
5.The finding will (fundamental) change our understanding of how the universe operates.
6.We have asked five successful writers to reveal some of the
(trick) of writing.
7.The results of this survey can be divided into three main
(category).
8.They showed a remarkable degree of (moderate) in not quarrelling publicly on television.
fundamentally
tricks
categories
moderation
Ⅲ.短语情景运用(每小题1.5分,共9分)
make up,regardless of,cut down on,rather than,get rid of,start with
1.In the ten provinces and three territories which _________________
Canada,there is great diversity in geography.(译林选三U1)
2. all the challenges,Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.(译林选三U3)
make up
Regardless of
3.To keep healthy,we’d better fat and sugar in our diets.
4.He is more of a leader than a follower,preferring to take the initiative wait for others to act.
5.Before jogging,you should a general warm-up.
6.You’d better that attitude and shape up,young man.
cut down on
rather than
start with
get rid of
Ⅳ.典型句式集训(每小题2分,共8分)
1.Much to his surprise,he invited only ten friends to his party,but
. (倍数表达法)
令他吃惊的是,他只邀请了十个朋友来参加他的聚会,而来的人却多了一倍。
2. ,
an unexpected breakthrough occurred.(while引导时间状语从句)
当科学家们正在进行研究时,一个意外的突破出现了。
twice as many came
While the scientists were conducting the research
3.I’ve given you my advice; .
我已经告诉你我的建议了;是否照办是你的事。(it作形式主语)
4.
for all children has been widely accepted.(that引导同位语从句)
教育是所有儿童的基本权利这一观点已被广泛接受。
it is up to you to decide whether
or not you act on it
The idea that education is a fundamental right
[素能提升练]
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
Meals on Wheels delivery service is for those facing life-threatening illnesses like Borden did back in 2012.She had just finished a Master’s program in 1 when she was diagnosed with cancer called Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.Soon,her mother was diagnosed with cancer.Borden moved to Grand Rapids,Michigan to take care of herself while 2 her mother.
“It’s a 3 time in your life when you have great need for nutrition but you can’t provide healthy 4 for yourself,” Borden said.“Having a Master’s in Nutrition,I knew how 5 nourishment was during my cancer treatment and recovery.”
She started Revive and Thrive while going through treatment, 6 out to local hospitals and kitchens to get the organization off the ground.Soon she was 7 meals for patients referred to her by social workers,nurses and doctors in the area.
She 8 each patient to get a sense of what their nutrition needs are and how long they’ll need help.Then,she gets to 9 .
“Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods,and to 10 job skills,life skills and the joy of being able to 11 others in their community,” Borden says.
She works with a head chef who 12 the nutrient-rich meals and makes sure each meal contains the essential vitamins and proteins that a person fighting a life-threatening illness 13 .
“When you’re 14 and dealing with cancer by yourself,it can cause you more depression.Knowing somebody cares about what you eat is 15 ,”she said.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Borden在自己被诊断为癌症后,成立了一个组织,为癌症病人提供健康的饮食,她认为有人关心自己的饮食会让病人受到鼓舞,更好地抗击疾病。
1.A.medicine B.education C.economics D.nutrition
解析 她刚完成一个营养学的硕士项目,就被诊断得了名为Invasive Ductal Carcinoma的癌症。根据下文的“Having a Master’s in Nutrition”可知,Borden是学营养学的。
√
2.A.nursing B.teaching C.guiding D.training
解析 Borden 搬到了密歇根州的Grand Rapids去照顾自己和她的妈妈。根据上文的“Soon,her mother was diagnosed with cancer.”可知,她的妈妈也生病了,故此处用“照顾”合适,nurse和take care of是同义词复现。
√
3.A.dangerous B.hard C.common D.valuable
解析 这是你生命中的一段艰难的日子,在这期间你需要大量的营养,但是你不能给自己提供健康的饮食。 根据上文的“Soon,her mother was diagnosed with cancer.”可知,此处用“艰难的日子”符合语境。
√
4.A.lifestyles B.spirit C.meals D.sleep
解析 根据下文的“Soon she was meals for patients referred to her by social workers,nurses and doctors in the area.”可知,此处用“饮食”符合语境,meal是原词复现,故选C项。
5.A.rare B.adequate C.comfortable D.important
解析 作为一名营养学硕士,在我的癌症治疗和恢复期间,我知道营养物质是多么重要。结合常识可知,营养物质对于病人来说很重要。
√
√
6.A.going B.calling C.reaching D.speaking
解析 她在治疗期间启动了Revive and Thrive,向当地的医院和救济食堂提供帮助,让组织发展起来。结合句意可知,此处考查短语reach out to “向……提供帮助”。
7.A.enjoying B.preparing C.checking D.comparing
解析 很快,她就为那些通过社工、护士和医生向她求助的病人准备饮食。 结合上下文可知,Borden成立的Revive and Thrive就是为病人准备健康饮食的组织。
√
√
8.A.tells B.cures C.exams D.meets
解析 她亲自和每位病人见面,了解他们需要的营养物质,以及需要多长时间的帮助。结合句意可知,此处是指Borden去和每个病人见面,了解他们所需营养的情况。
9.A.rest B.work C.school D.bed
解析 然后她开始工作。结合上下文可知,此处是指Borden了解了病人的需求后,开始营养餐的准备工作。
√
√
10.A.learn B.show C.require D.test
解析 给病人提供营养餐和教他们做营养餐、学会工作和生活技能、享受为社区的其他人服务同等重要。结合句意可知,此处是指帮助病人学会生活和工作技能。
11.A.judge B.serve C.gather D.relax
解析 根据上文“Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods...”可知,此处用“服务”符合语境,serve是原词复现。
√
√
12.A.eats B.expects C.creates D.proves
解析 她和一个主厨合作,主厨负责开发富含营养的饮食,并确保每一餐都含有与危及生命的疾病作斗争的人所必需的维生素和蛋白质。结合句意可知,主厨的任务是开发和制作营养餐。
13.A.needs B.makes C.shares D.provides
解析 根据句意可知,此处是指抗击疾病所需的营养物质。
√
√
14.A.alone B.wise C.old D.free
解析 当你一个人独自抗击癌症时,你会更加沮丧。根据by yourself可知,此处用“独自”符合语境。
15.A.interesting B.amusing C.amazing D.inspiring
解析 根据上下文内容可知,此处是指病人知道有人关心自己的饮食会让他们受到鼓舞、精神振作。
√
√
Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
“Jianbing” stands are common in every Chinese city.At around five in the morning,the vendors (小商贩) appear with everything
1. they need,packed on the back of a bicycle or motorbike. They set up in unused spaces,doorways,or street corners and minutes before the first bing (pancake) becoming available on the hot griddle (鏊子),many people are 2. (ready) waiting for it.
Although these “jianbing” stalls might be temporary,this is no grab-and-go street breakfast.For “jianbing”,there is always 3. long line.You might be late for work,or filled with extreme 4. (starve),but that’s all irrelevant to the vendor behind the griddle.5. (preserve) the crispness of the pancake and fried wonton wrapper,“jianbing” are never cooked ahead of time,so waiting for your turn 6. (be) part of the culture.Maybe in the midst of our busy days,this moment of
7. (silence) observation,of waiting while someone cooks something especially for you,is the true secret of “jianbing”.Buy a baozi (steamed bun) or other fast food instead,or you 8.____________ (have) nothing fast to eat.
If “jianbing”were that easy to make,it would have taken the world by storm long before now.Part of the challenge in copying the dish is that the batter (面糊) and fillings 9. (use) in “jianbing” differ by region,and even by vendor.Many consider making your own “jianbing” is impossible 10. months of practice and tuition from a master.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了煎饼和煎饼摊这一深具中国特色的饮食文化。
1.that [考查定语从句。句意:大约在早上五点,小贩们出现了,他们把需要的东西都打包在自行车或摩托车的后面。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为everything,且用作限制性定语从句的宾语,只能用that引导。故填that。]
2.readily [考查词性转换。句意:他们在闲置的空间、门口或街角摆摊,在第一个煎饼即将在滚烫的鏊子上完成时,许多人已经在等着它了。空处修饰空后的动词,应该用副词修饰。故填readily。]
3.a [考查冠词。句意:等待“煎饼”的队伍总是很长。line意为“队伍”时,为可数名词,句中用的单数形式,其前应用不定冠词修饰。故填a。]
4.starvation [考查词性转换。句意:你可能上班迟到了,或者饥肠辘辘,但这一切都与鏊子后面的小商贩无关。此处需填介词with的宾语,同时所填词又被形容词extreme修饰,故填提示词的派生名词。故填starvation。]
5.To preserve [考查非谓语动词。句意:为了保持煎饼和炸馄饨的酥脆,“煎饼”从来不会提前做好,所以等待轮到你是文化的一部分。本句已有谓语动词are cooked,所以preserve用非谓语动词形式,根据句意,此处用不定式作目的状语。故填To preserve。]
6.is [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句是so连接的并列句,be动词作后句谓语,主语是waiting for your turn,动词-ing形式作主语,且描述客观事实,谓语动词应用一般现在时。故填is。]
7.silent [考查词性转换。句意:也许在我们忙碌的日子里,这一刻静静地观察,等待别人为你做一些特别的东西,这才是“煎饼”的真正秘密。空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语。故填silent。]
8.will have [考查动词的时态。句意:买一个包子或其他快餐代替,否则你就没有快餐可吃了。此处考查固定句式,祈使句+or+陈述句(一般将来时),所以空处用一般将来时。故填will have。]
9.used [考查非谓语动词。句意:模仿这道菜的部分挑战在于,“煎饼”中使用的面糊和馅料因地区甚至小商贩的不同而不同。本句已有谓语动词differ,所以use用非谓语动词形式,和逻辑主语batter (面糊) and fillings之间是被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填used。]
10.without [考查介词。句意:许多人认为,没有几个月的练习和师傅的指导,自己做煎饼是不可能的。此处指如果没有大师的指导和数月的练习,你无法自己独立做出这种煎饼,应用介词without意为“没有”。故填without。]
