UNIT 3 On the move
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1. （冲浪） is the sport of riding on waves while standing on a narrow board.
2.A large number of （士兵） were sent there to rescue those who were trapped in the burning building.
3.Our victory is （保证）； nothing can stop us.
4.I am planning to become a computer programmer after graduation for the following two （因素）.
5.In order to protect our environment， we should recycle cans， bottles， （塑料的） bags and newspapers if possible.
6.During the Spring Festival， a fish is prepared to r the desire to always have something left over for the coming year.
7.Just one minute before the end of the match， Black kicked the ball into the g ， which saved his team.
8.Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even c .
维度二：词形转换
1.In a system where every decision is made on the （base） of tradition alone， it may be difficult to achieve progress.
2.There are also more health risks for left-handed workers who use dangerous （equip）or tools designed for the right-handed.
3.Frightened to （die）， the boy had no idea how to explain the matter to his master.
4.They fought bravely in （defend） of freedom and the interests of the people.
5.It was his （assure） and belief in me that helped me see my own larger interests.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.All the students are playing （心满意足地） on the beach.
2.He smiled then and quickly （写下） the number of a passing car.
3.Just before he realized that he should stop smoking， his health （垮掉） completely.
4.As far as I’m concerned， the book （很难理解）.
5.When I came in， I （看见他正在哭） for the broken glasses.
6. （鉴于你已经尽力了）， we decide to give you another chance.
维度四：课文语法填空
Nowadays， football is one of the 1. （popular） sports in the world.Its history goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China.It was then known 2. cuju. Modern football started in Great Britain， 3. the new game rules were made.
Football is simple and very cheap to play， which 4. （be） perhaps the basis of its popularity.People don’t need expensive 5. （equip） and the football doesn’t cost much money.
Another factor behind its global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field.It is 6. （attract） to millions of people.People can see children playing to 7. （they） hearts’ content with a ball everywhere.People can also feel the excitement of a game even without 8. （recognise） the skill of professional players.
What’s more， it has become one of the best ways for people 9. （communicate）.It doesn’t require words， 10. everyone can understand it.It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
For many years， Croatian-American recording artist Nenad Bach toured the world performing with famous musicians like Bono and Pavarotti.Everything came to a stop in 2010， however， when Nenad was diagnosed （诊断） with Parkinson’s disease — a progressive disease that affects a person’s movement.
“I love music，” he said.“When I was diagnosed with Parkinson’s in 2010， I didn’t know what it was.Five years later， I couldn’t even play the guitar.”
One day， a friend of Nenad’s asked him to play ping-pong with him， and Nenad said yes.The effects were immediate and positive： he woke up the next day filled with a “desire to live”， and his physical and mental issues had improved.Encouraged， he kept playing.
“Playing ping-pong to me means freedom.Free of past.Free of future，” Nenad explained.“Once you see the moving ball in the air， you don’t think about anything else.”
For months he told everyone around him about how ping-pong was helping his Parkinson’s， but his praise fell on deaf ears.Finally， he took matters into his own hands and started hosting Ping Pong Parkinson’s events at the Westchester Table Tennis Center in Pleasantville， New York.Once the events attracted enough attention， he started an organization called Ping Pong Parkinson （PPP） in March 2017.
PPP hopes to encourage people living with Parkinson’s to play ping-pong for its benefits.In addition to promoting social connectivity， PPP also says that it increases neuroplasticity （神经可塑性） which creates new neural pathways in the brain.Nenad has seen evidence of this with his own eyes many times in the past years.He said that their “facial expression changes from when they arrive until they leave.In addition， some people start walking again.”
Nenad has made spreading the word about the power of ping-pong his new life’s work！He hopes others will take up the sport and see the same improvements he’s enjoyed since the first time he picked up a paddle （乒乓球拍）.
1.What happened to Nenad in 2015？（ ）
A.His disease got worse.
B.His acting journey ended.
C.He started to play the guitar.
D.He learned to perform from Pavarotti.
2.What caused Nenad to have hopes for life again？（ ）
A.Organizing social events.
B.Taking his mind off his work.
C.Setting up Ping Pong Parkinson.
D.Playing ping-pong with his friend.
3.What was people’s attitude to Nenad’s words about ping-pong at first？（ ）
A.Uncertain. B.Favorable.
C.Uninterested. D.Curious.
4.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 refer to？（ ）
A.The idea that playing ping-pong is beneficial to the brain.
B.The idea that Parkinson’s disease affects the nervous system.
C.The idea that taking up sports helps promote social connectivity.
D.The idea that different people with Parkinson’s behave differently.
B
“Don’t get dirty！” was once often shouted by parents angrily watching their children ruin their best clothes. It was unavoidable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today， many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of city life， and the attraction of video games and social media， contact with nature is much less than in the past. For many， there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. According to recent research， the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms （微生物） that can train the immune （免疫的） system and build the body against illnesses， such as anxiety.
These findings show that outdoor exercise is not only beneficial because of the chance to run around free — but that certain natural materials， such as soil and mud， also have powerful microorganisms which have positive effect on children’s health. Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example， the act of rubbing and shaping materials like mud or sand can help children develop their senses and movement.
Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help children to find ways to deal with emotions that may be hard to explore in other environments. So-called “Sandtray Therapy （沙盘疗法）”， which includes using sand to express one’s thoughts and feelings， is an accepted form of guidance for children who are struggling to speak out their inner emotions.
Surprisingly， people who spent most of their childhood in the countryside show a better reply to stressful events like public speaking compared with those who grew up in cities. “The people who grew up in cities are kind of ‘walking time bombs’ when facing the stress we meet today. However， people who have spent lots of time in nature since childhood are generally stronger in recovery and more positive.” says Christopher Lowry， a professor of University of Colorado Boulder.
5.What’s the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.To introduce the topic.
B.To share an opinion.
C.To tell a funny story.
D.To describe characters.
6.What is a benefit of outdoor exercise？（ ）
A.Gaining learning experiences.
B.Experiencing the inner emotions.
C.Changing the immune system.
D.Discovering more microorganisms.
7.What do the underlined words “walking time bombs” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.People who often arrive late.
B.People doing harm to the public.
C.People who are weak under stress.
D.People staying positive and powerful.
8.In which part of a website can you find the text？（ ）
A.Culture. B.Health.
C.Economy. D.Technology.
C
There’s no doubt that football is the global sport.Though basketball， tennis， and other sports are popular too， nothing comes close to football.Being played in every country in the world， football provides dozens of superstars.The numbers are greater when compared to any other sport， and this drives the popularity of football up.Have you ever wondered when the sport started and became popular？
Football has its origin in China and has a history of more than 2，000 years.However， modern football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century.Folk football matches had been played before in many cities and towns， but never on a professional level.
Football became a winter sport game played in different schools.The rules were carried out by each school， and this made it difficult for players to play an official game with each other.It all changed in 1849 at the University of Cambridge that invented a set of standard rules known as the Cambridge rules of football.From that moment， a new star sport was born.
By the early 20th century， football had spread all across Europe.In 1904， FIFA was set up.There are seven original members， including France， Denmark and Spain. FIFA became the governing body for many associations in Europe.
England’s international success improved the popularity of the sport in the country.The league （联赛） in Britain was set up in 1992.From the 1990s， it became a truly impressive piece of football organization， becoming the world’s top football league in the process.
Football is obviously the most popular sport in the world.It is impossible for any other sport to take its place， especially with leagues spending billions of pounds every year to stay in the focus.
9.What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.To describe the level of football.
B.To introduce the topic of the text.
C.To debate the main idea of the text.
D.To introduce famous football leagues.
10.Where did modern football first start？（ ）
A.In China. B.In France.
C.In Britain. D.In Spain.
11.Why was it difficult to play an official game before 1849？（ ）
A.The rules always changed.
B.There were no common rules.
C.The season made players hard to win.
D.Officials made players misunderstand the rules.
12.How is the text mainly developed？（ ）
A.By time order. B.By space order.
C.By listing numbers. D.By giving examples.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There is increasing evidence that sitting down too much can be a risk to our health. 13.（ ）
These studies have shown sitting for long periods can slow the metabolism （新陈代谢）， which affects the body’s ability to control blood sugar， blood pressure and break down body fat. 14.（ ） Being overweight and obese， type 2 diabetes， heart disease and certain types of cancers are the most common ones.
Experts recommend breaking up long periods of sitting time with light activities， for example， walking， jogging， swimming and so on. 15.（ ） We are advised to exercise regularly at least 150 minutes a week， and reduce sitting time. However， there is currently not enough evidence to set a time limit on how much time we should sit each day.
However， some countries have made suggestions that children limit screen time， such as TV and video games， to 1 to 2 hours a day. This is to reduce the time spent sitting. For children and teenagers aged 5 to 18， reducing sitting time includes anything that involves moving in or around the home， classroom or community.16.（ ）
·Agree a family limit to screen time per day.
·Make bedrooms a TV， electronic device， laptop and phone-free zone.
·Set “no screen time” rules to encourage other activities.
·Encourage participation in house chores， such as setting the table or taking the bins out.
·Choose gifts such as a scooter， skateboard， ball or kite to encourage active play.
17.（ ） Researches seem to point to the fact that less sitting and more moving contribute to better health. We might start by simply standing rather than sitting when we have the chance.
A.Anyway， move more， sit less.
B.For starters， you’ll burn more calories.
C.Here are some tips to reduce their sitting time.
D.Most of the evidence is based on scientific studies.
E.They can reduce our risk of bad health from inactivity.
F.Scientists don’t yet know exactly why sitting is so bad.
G.Studies have linked being inactive with health problems.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Surfing 2.soldiers 3.assured 4.factors 5.plastic
6.represent 7.goal 8.conflicts
维度二
1.basis 2.equipment 3.death 4.defense/defence
5.assurance
维度三
1.to their hearts’ content
2.put down
3.had broken down
4.is hard to understand
5.saw him crying
6.Given that you have tried your best
维度四
1.most popular 2.as 3.where 4.is 5.equipment
6.attractive 7.their 8.recognising 9.to communicate 10.but
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nenad Bach用打乒乓球来对抗帕金森病，并宣传乒乓球运动的好处。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Nenad在2010年确诊帕金森病。五年后，他甚至不能弹吉他了。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，一天，Nenad的一个朋友邀请他一起打乒乓球，效果立竿见影：第二天Nenad醒来时充满了“活下去的欲望”，而且他的身体和精神状况都有所改善。由此可知，正是和朋友打乒乓球这件事让Nenad重燃起对生活的希望。
3.C 观点态度题。根据第五段第一句可知，Nenad一直告诉身边的人，打乒乓球对他的病很有帮助，但是人们对他的话置若罔闻，不感兴趣。fall on deaf ears不被理睬，不被注意，被置若罔闻。
4.A 代词指代题。根据画线词下文可知，Nenad表示帕金森病患者打乒乓球后面部表情发生了变化，还有一些人开始能走路了；结合画线词前的it increases neuroplasticity （神经可塑性） which creates new neural pathways in the brain可推知，Nenad亲眼见证了“打乒乓球能给帕金森病患者的大脑带来好处”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，户外运动有许多好处，与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。
5.A 目的意图题。根据第一、二段内容可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出话题。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences.可知，户外运动的好处是获得学习经验。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，从小就在大自然中度过大量时间的人通常恢复能力更强，也更积极，那么反过来在城市长大的人因为压力很大，所以变得虚弱。故画线词意思是“人们在压力下变得虚弱”。
8.B 文章出处题。文章主要说明了户外运动有许多好处，与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。由此可推知，文章选自网站的“健康”部分。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了足球的历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Have you ever wondered when the sport started and became popular？可知，作者撰写第一段的目的是介绍文章的主题。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的However， modern football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century.可知，现代足球是从英国开始的。
11.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The rules were carried out by each school， and this made it difficult for players to play an official game with each other.可知，在1849年之前很难进行正式比赛是因为没有共同的规则。
12.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了足球的历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。从文章中出现的年代顺序（2，000 以前—1849—1904—1992）可知，文章主要是按时间顺序展开的。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。基于科学研究的大量证据表明，久坐对健康有害，建议在久坐的情况下进行轻度的活动，同时可以限制青少年的屏幕时间，减少他们坐着的时间。
13.D 空前一句指出久坐对健康有害是有证据的。D项（大多数证据都是基于科学研究）符合语境，说明证据的来源。
14.G 空后一句介绍了一些最常见的疾病。G项（研究表明，不运动与健康问题有关）符合语境，指出不运动与健康问题之间的关联。
15.E 空前一句建议进行一些轻度的活动。E项（它们可以降低我们因不运动而导致健康状况不佳的风险）承接上文，解释这些活动的作用。
16.C 空前一句建议减少各个场景中儿童和青少年坐着的时间，下文提供了具体的方法。C项（以下是一些减少他们久坐时间的建议），符合语境。C项中的their指代空前一句中的children and teenagers aged 5 to 18。
17.A 空处位于段首，为段落主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要建议少坐多动，从站着开始保持健康。A项（总之，多动、少坐）符合语境。A项中的move more， sit less呼应下文的less sitting and more moving。
5 / 6Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
A Game for the World
These days， football is one of the most popular sports in the world.[1]Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon， we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！ The history of the game goes back① over two thousand years to Ancient China.It was then known as cuju （kick ball）， [2]a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside.Goals② were hung in the air.[3]Football as we know it today started in Great Britain， where the game was given new rules.
[1]Given that意为“鉴于， 考虑到”，引导条件状语从句。
[2]a game作cuju （kick ball）的同位语， using a ...inside为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰 a game。
[3]as引导方式状语从句， as为从属连词，在从句中不作成分。
[4]That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis③ of its popularity.It is also a game that is very cheap to play.You don’t need expensive equipment④； even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money.All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content⑤ with a ball made of plastic⑥ bags； just like Pelé did when he was a boy.
[4]That引导主语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分，没有实际意义， 但是不能省略。
Another factor⑦ behind football’s global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field⑧.It is fun enough to attract millions of people.You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players — [5]how they use their bodies to pass， score and defend⑨ can be amazing to see — or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist⑩.
[5]how引导主语从句。ending ...twist为动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰a game。
What’s more， football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate：it does not require words， but everyone understands it.It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.Take， for example ， the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914.World War Ⅰ had broken out months before， but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict .
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death ， ...” said Bill Shankly， the famous footballer and manager.“I can assure you it is much， much more important than that.” This might sound funny， but one only has to think about the Earth [6]to realise that our planet is shaped like a football.
[6]动词不定式短语作结果状语，其中that引导的宾语从句作realise的宾语。
【读文清障】
①go back 追溯到，回溯到
②goal n.球门；射门；目标
set/achieve a goal 设定/达到目标
③basis n.基础；根据
④equipment n.装备，设备，用具
a piece of equipment 一件设备
⑤content n.满意，满足
to one’s heart’s content
尽情地；心满意足地
⑥plastic adj.塑料制的
⑦factor n.因素，要素
deciding/determining factor 决定性的因素
⑧field n.运动场；田地，田野；（研究或工作的）领域，范围
on and off the field 赛场内外
⑨defend v.（在比赛中）防守，防卫；保卫，防御
defend ...against/from ...保卫/保护……免受 …… 之害
⑩twist n.（形势或事态的）意外转折
require v.需要；要求，规定
break down 驱除，消除（人与人之间的隔阂等）
bring sb together 使某人重归于好
take ...for example 以……为例
break out 爆发，突然发生
soldier n.士兵，军人
put down 放下；记下
conflict n.武装冲突，战斗，战争
death n.死，死亡
to death 极度，要命（强调感觉或情绪的强烈）
assure v. 向……保证，使确信；确保，保证；弄清，查明
assure sb of sth 向某人保证某事
【参考译文】
全世界都热爱的运动
足球是现今世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。当时这种运动称为蹴鞠（意为“以脚踢球”），使用的球是由动物皮革填充毛发制成的，而球门是悬挂在半空中的。我们所熟知的现代足球始于英国，在那里这项运动被赋予了新的规则。
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。它也是一项花费很少的运动，不需要昂贵的设备，连球也不会花费太多钱。在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋团成的球——贝利小时候也就是那样的。
足球得以风靡世界的另一个因素是（这种运动）在球场上展示出来的创造力和激动人心的氛围。其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的人。你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
此外，足球还成了人们最好的沟通方式之一：无需话语，但是人人都能理解。足球打破隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。以1914年圣诞节那场著名的足球赛为例，虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。
“有些人认为足球事关生死，……”著名的足球运动员和教练比尔·香克利曾这样说过“我可以向你保证，足球比生死要重要得多。”这句话听起来也许有点儿夸张，但是只要想想地球，你就会意识到原来我们的星球跟足球的形状一样呢。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What do we know about the earliest football according to the text？（ ）
A.A ball made of plastic bags.
B.A ball made of animal skins with hair inside.
C.A ball in the shape of an animal.
D.A large round ball made of leather and filled with air.
2.Why did the soldiers put down their guns during World War Ⅰ？（ ）
A.To celebrate Christmas.
B.To play football games.
C.To have a rest.
D.To show their eager for peace.
3.What is Bill Shankly’s attitude towards football？（ ）
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Neutral. D.Indifferent.
4.What does the author mainly talk about？
A.Football is simple to play.
B.Football can bring us excitement.
C.Football helps people to communicate.
D.Football enjoys its popularity all over the world.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences of quote （引用）.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.Why is football one of the most popular sports？
2.Can you talk about your own understanding of the motto “All sports for all people”？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon，we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！
句式分析 本句为复合句，Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon为 given that引导的 从句，that it is also the most popular sport out of this world为 从句。
自主翻译
2.Football as we know it today started in Great Britain，where the game was given new rules.
句式分析 本句为复合句，as we know it today为as引导的 从句，where the game was given new rules为where引导的 从句，修饰先行词Great Britain。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
represent v.代表，表示；描绘，展示；正式提出（意见、抗议等）
【教材原句】 Talk about what you think these things represent in a football game.
谈谈你认为这些东西在足球比赛中代表什么。
【用法】
（1）represent sb as/to be ... 宣称某人为……
represent ...as ...把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……
represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事
（2）representative adj. 有代表性的
n. 代表，代理人
【佳句】 I， representing our school， want to talk with you about the donation of books.
我代表我们学校想和您谈谈捐赠图书的问题。
【练透】 语境辨义
①The artist uses bright colours to represent the joy and energy of youth.
②Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.
【写美】 补全句子
③ ，I’m very glad to tell you something about these activities.
我很高兴代表我们班向你们介绍这些活动。（发言稿）
go back 追溯，回溯
【教材原句】 The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China.
足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。
【用法】
（1）go back＋时间段 追溯到，始于
追溯到，始于
【佳句】 This town goes back to/dates back to Roman times.
这座城镇的历史可以追溯到罗马时期。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In our hometown， about 1，500 meters east of my house stands an old building （go） back about 800 years.
【写美】 一句多译
②这个古老的博物馆的历史可追溯到100年前。
→The old museum goes back .
→The old museum goes back to .
basis n.基础；根据；原因；基准，方式
【教材原句】 That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。
【用法】
（1）on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据……
on a regular basis 以定期的方式
（2）base n.基础 v.以……为基础（或根据）
base ...on/upon ... 把……建立在……的基础上
（3）based adj. （以某事）为基础
be based on/upon ... 以……为基础
（4）basic adj. 基础的
【佳句】 We got the final results on the basis of a great many experiments.
我们以大量实验为依据而得出最终结果。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Thomas Edison based all his ideas scientific experiments.
②The summer Olympics are held every four years a regular basis.
③People have to memorize about 600 words before they can do （base） reading and writing.
【写美】 补全句子
④The restaurant ， and it is working all right.
这家餐馆建立在信任的基础上，而且运营得很好。
equipment n.装备，设备，用具；使有所准备，使有能力
【教材原句】 You don’t need expensive equipment； even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money.你不需要昂贵的设备，连球也不会花费太多钱。
【用法】
（1）a piece of equipment 一件设备
（2）equip vt. 装备，配备
equip ...with ... 用……来装备……
equip sb for （doing） sth使某人为（做）某事而准备， 使某人具备做某事的条件
be equipped with 配有……
be fully/poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋
【佳句】 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到了一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。
【点津】 equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The course is designed to equip students enjoying literature.
②A piece of new equipment （send） to that area so far.
【写美】 一句多译
③他拥有丰富的教学经验，因此很受尊敬。
→He ， so he is well respected.
→ ， he is well respected.（过去分词作状语）
→ ，he is well respected.（动词-ing形式作状语）
content n.满意，满足； [pl.] 目录；所含之物；含量 adj.满足的；满意的 vt.（使）满足
【教材原句】 All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags； just like Pelé did when he was a boy.在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋团成的球——贝利小时候也就是那样的。
【用法】
（1）with content 满意地
to one’s heart’s content 尽情地，心满意足地
a contents page 目录页
（2）content oneself with 满足于
（3）feel/be content with ... 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth 满足于做某事
【佳句】 I was content with second place as I tried my best.
我对第二名很满意，因为我尽了最大努力。
【点津】 “对……满意”的常用短语小结：
be content with be pleased with
be satisfied with be happy with
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My parents are not content （live） in the city， where there is no courtyard.
②The （content） of the new book made the boy lost in thought.
【写美】 一句多译
③那些满足于现状的人在生活中不会有大作为。
→Those who their present situations will make no difference in life.（content adj.）
→Those who their present situations will make no difference in life.（content v.）
defend v.（在比赛中）防守，防卫；保护；保卫；辩护
【教材原句】 You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players — how they use their bodies to pass， score and defend can be amazing to see — or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.
你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
【用法】
（1）defend ...from/against 保护……以免受；防御
defend oneself 为（某人）自己辩护；自卫
（2）defense n. 防御；保卫
in defense of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
in one’s defense 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
【佳句】 The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland against any invasion.
军队将不惜一切代价保卫祖国不受任何侵略。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①No matter what happened， I would defend her being hurt.
②I don’t think he was apologizing. He sounded more like defending （he）.
【写美】 补全句子
③Seeing the fierce wolf， he rushed towards like an arrow his son.
看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。（动作描写）
break down 驱除，消除（人与人之间的隔阂等）；（机器）坏掉，出故障；（讨论、谈判等）失败；（健康或精神等方面）垮掉，崩溃；（使）分解
【教材原句】 It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field.
足球打破隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。
【用法】
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；放假
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等）
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生
break through 冲破障碍；（在某领域）有进展或突破
【佳句】 One night in the pouring rain， Tawny Nelson’s car broke down on the road.
一天晚上，在倾盆大雨中，托尼·纳尔逊的车在路上抛锚了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I arrived at the office and found somebody had broken the office during the night.
②Last night a fire broke in this hotel.
③My father carefully cut the pumpkin open， so I finally had my head break away it.
【写美】 补全句子
④Hearing the bad news， he ， tears pouring down his cheeks.
听到这个坏消息，他崩溃了，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。（神态描写）
put down记下；放下；镇压
【教材原句】 World War Ⅰ had broken out months before， but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。
【用法】
put away 放好
put aside 储存
put on 穿上，戴上；上演
put off 推迟，拖延
put out 熄灭，扑灭（火）；生产；出版
put up 建造；张贴；举起；提高
【佳句】 He spoke so fast that I couldn’t put down what he said.
他说得太快了，我没能记下来他说的内容。
【助记】 He put everything away， put on his coat and went out of the lab.
他把一切放好，穿上外套，走出实验室。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When they finished playing， the children put all the toys they had taken out.
②It took the villagers about two hours to put the big fire.
③The woman is trying to put some money for her son’s education every month.
④The sports meet was put because of the heavy rain.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤He and asked to leave the room.
他举起手，要求离开房间。（动作描写）
conflict n.武装冲突，战斗，战争；冲突，矛盾vi.抵触，冲突
【教材原句】 World War Ⅰ had broken out months before， but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together — one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。
【用法】
（1）in conflict with 和……有矛盾/不一致
come into conflict with
和……发生冲突，与……有分歧
a conflict between ...and ...
……和……之间的冲突
（2）conflict with 与……发生冲突
【佳句】 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在未来的职业问题上和父母不一致。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When our personal interests are conflict with those of the masses， we should put the masses’ before our own.
②John often comes conflict with his boss for some reason.
【写美】 补全句子
③Frankly speaking， his opinion usually mine.
坦率地说，他的观点通常与我的相左。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：given that 意为“假如；考虑到，既然”，引导条件状语从句
【教材原句】 Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon， we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
【用法】
（1）given that在句中作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，此时given为介词，相当于considering。
（2）considering ＝ given prep. 考虑到，既然
seeing （that） ... 鉴于，考虑到……
provided/providing （that） ... 如果，假设，在……条件下
suppose/supposing （that） ...假定，假设，设想……
【品悟】 Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival， I am writing to introduce the Dragon Boat Festival to you.
鉴于您对中国的传统节日非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。
【联想】 其他可以引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if， unless， as/so long as， on condition that （条件是）， in case （以防）等。
【写美】 微写作
①如果你提前付款，这门为期六周的英语课程会有一定的折扣。
There is a discount for the cost of the 6-week English course you pay in advance.
②鉴于你渴望学习中国文化，我建议你申请北京大学，这是中国最好的大学之一。（建议信）
，I suggest you apply for Peking University， one of the best universities in China.
③我不能接受你提供的提议，除非它是基于事实的。
I cannot accept the suggestion you offered .
④只要你听医生的话，照他说的去做，你很快就会好起来的。
and do as he tells you， you’ll get better soon.
句型公式：主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式
【教材原句】 It is also a game that is very cheap to play.它也是一项花费很少的运动。
【用法】
在“主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
（1）常用形容词有difficult， hard， easy， comfortable， pleasant， interesting， exciting等；
（2）动词不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若动词不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词；
（3）动词不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。
【品悟】 The breakfast prepared by the twins was delicious to enjoy.这对双胞胎做的早餐很好吃。
【写美】 微写作
①我更喜欢住在乡下，那里的空气很新鲜。
I prefer to live in the countryside where the air .
②这个电视节目对我们来说很容易理解。
The TV programme .
③英语中有大量难以理解的表达。（语言学习）
English has a huge number of expressions which .
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.history 2.simple and cheap 3.creativity and excitement
4.communicate
第二步
1－4 BBAD
第三步
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death， ...” said Bill Shankly，the famous footballer and manager.“I can assure you it is much， much more important than that.”
第四步
1.Because it is a simple game to play， and it is creative and exciting on the field.What’s more， it has become one of the best ways for people to communicate without words.
2.Generally speaking， doing exercise appropriately every day is definitely good for our health.For one thing， doing exercise properly is a good way to build up our body and accelerate our blood circulation.For another thing， doing exercise is also a good method to keep our mind healthy because doing exercise can broaden our mind and release our stress to a large extent.
第五步
1.条件状语 宾语
想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
2.方式状语 非限制性定语
我们所熟知的现代足球始于英国，在那里这项运动被赋予了新的规则。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①描绘，展示 ②正式提出 ③Representing our class
2.①going ②100 years； 100 years ago
3.①on/upon ②on ③basic ④is based on trust
4.①for ②has been sent
③is equipped with much experience in teaching； Equipped with much experience in teaching； Equipping himself with much experience in teaching
5.①to live ②contents
③are content with； content themselves with
6.①from/against ②himself ③in defense of
7.①into ②out ③from ④broke down
8.①away ②out ③aside ④off ⑤put up his hand
9.①in ②into ③conflicts with
重点句型解构
1.①provided/providing/supposing/suppose that
②Given that/Seeing （that） you are eager to learn Chinese culture ③unless it is based on facts
④As/So long as you listen to the doctor
2.①is fresh to breathe ②is easy for us to understand
③are difficult to understand
11 / 11(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
A Game for the World
These days， football is one of the most popular sports in the orld.[1]Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon， we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！ The history of the game goes back① over two thousand years to Ancient China.It was then known as cuju （kick ball）， [2]a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside.Goals② were hung in the air.[3]Football as we know it today started in Great Britain， where the game was given new rules.
[1]Given that意为“鉴于， 考虑到”，引导条件状语从句。
[2]a game作cuju （kick ball）的同位语， using a ...inside为动
词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰 a game。
[3]as引导方式状语从句， as为从属连词，在从句中不作成分。
【读文清障】
①go back 追溯到，回溯到
②goal n.球门；射门；目标
set/achieve a goal 设定/达到目标
[4]That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis③
of its popularity.It is also a game that is very cheap to play.You don’t
need expensive equipment④； even the ball doesn’t have to cost much
money.All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts’
content⑤ with a ball made of plastic⑥ bags； just like Pelé did when he
was a boy.
[4]That引导主语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成
分，没有实际意义， 但是不能省略。
③basis n.基础；根据
④equipment n.装备，设备，用具
a piece of equipment 一件设备
⑤content n.满意，满足
to one’s heart’s content 尽情地；心满意足地
⑥plastic adj.塑料制的
Another factor⑦ behind football’s global popularity is the creativity
and excitement on the field⑧.It is fun enough to attract millions of
people.You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional
players — [5]how they use their bodies to pass， score and defend⑨ can
be amazing to see — or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a
surprising twist⑩.
[5]how引导主语从句。ending ...twist为动词-ing短语作后置定
语，修饰a game。
⑦factor n.因素，要素
deciding/determining factor 决定性的因素
⑧field n.运动场；田地，田野；（研究或工作的）领域，范围
on and off the field 赛场内外
⑨defend v.（在比赛中）防守，防卫；保卫，防御
defend ...against/from ...
保卫/保护……免受 …… 之害
⑩twist n.（形势或事态的）意外转折
What’s more， football has become one of the best ways for people
to communicate：it does not require words， but everyone understands
it.It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the
field.Take， for example ， the famous football game on Christmas Day
1914.World War Ⅰ had broken out months before， but British and
German soldiers put down their guns and played football together —
one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict .
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death
， ...” said Bill Shankly， the famous footballer and manager.“I
can assure you it is much， much more important than that.” This
might sound funny， but one only has to think about the Earth [6]to
realise that our planet is shaped like a football.
[6]动词不定式短语作结果状语，其中that引导的宾语从句作
realise的宾语。
require v.需要；要求，规定
break down 驱除，消除（人与人之间的隔阂等）
bring sb together 使某人重归于好
take ...for example 以……为例
break out 爆发，突然发生
soldier n.士兵，军人
put down 放下；记下
conflict n.武装冲突，战斗，战争
death n.死，死亡
to death 极度，要命（强调感觉或情绪的强烈）
assure v. 向……保证，使确信；确保，保证；弄清，查明
assure sb of sth 向某人保证某事
【参考译文】
全世界都热爱的运动
足球是现今世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特
朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的
运动！足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。当时这种运动
称为蹴鞠（意为“以脚踢球”），使用的球是由动物皮革填充毛发制
成的，而球门是悬挂在半空中的。我们所熟知的现代足球始于英国，
在那里这项运动被赋予了新的规则。
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原
因。它也是一项花费很少的运动，不需要昂贵的设备，连球也不会花
费太多钱。在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋
团成的球——贝利小时候也就是那样的。
足球得以风靡世界的另一个因素是（这种运动）在球场上展示出
来的创造力和激动人心的氛围。其精彩程度足以吸引数以百万计的
人。你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运
用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受
到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
此外，足球还成了人们最好的沟通方式之一：无需话语，但是人
人都能理解。足球打破隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。以1914
年圣诞节那场著名的足球赛为例，虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已
经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足
球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和平一刻。
“有些人认为足球事关生死，……”著名的足球运动员和教练比
尔·香克利曾这样说过“我可以向你保证，足球比生死要重要得多。”
这句话听起来也许有点儿夸张，但是只要想想地球，你就会意识到原
来我们的星球跟足球的形状一样呢。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理
清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What do we know about the earliest football according to the text？
（ ）
A. A ball made of plastic bags.
B. A ball made of animal skins with hair inside.
C. A ball in the shape of an animal.
D. A large round ball made of leather and filled with air.
2. Why did the soldiers put down their guns during World War Ⅰ？
（ ）
A. To celebrate Christmas.
B. To play football games.
C. To have a rest.
D. To show their eager for peace.
3. What is Bill Shankly’s attitude towards football？（ ）
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
4. What does the author mainly talk about？
A. Football is simple to play.
B. Football can bring us excitement.
C. Football helps people to communicate.
D. Football enjoys its popularity all over the world.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences of quote （引用）.
“Some people believe football is a matter of life and death， ...” said
Bill Shankly，the famous footballer and manager.“I can assure you it is
much， much more important than that.”
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. Why is football one of the most popular sports？
Because it is a simple game to play， and it is creative and exciting on
the field.What’s more， it has become one of the best ways for
people to communicate without words.
2. Can you talk about your own understanding of the motto “All sports
for all people”？
Generally speaking， doing exercise appropriately every day is
definitely good for our health.For one thing， doing exercise properly
is a good way to build
up our body and accelerate our blood circulation.For another thing，
doing exercise is also a good method to keep our mind healthy because
doing exercise can broaden our mind and release our stress to a large
extent.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon，we
could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world！
句式分析 本句为复合句，Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a
football to the Moon为 given that引导的 从句，that it is
also the most popular sport out of this world为 从句。
自主翻译
条件状语
宾语
想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们
甚至可以说它也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
2. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain，where the game
was given new rules.
句式分析 本句为复合句，as we know it today为as引导的
从句，where the game was given new rules为where引导的
从句，修饰先行词Great Britain。
自主翻译
方式状
语
非
限制性定语
我们所熟知的现代足球始于英国，在那里这项运动被
赋予了新的规则。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
represent v.代表，表示；描绘，展示；正式提出（意见、抗议等）
【教材原句】 Talk about what you think these things represent in a
football game.
谈谈你认为这些东西在足球比赛中代表什么。
【用法】
（1）represent sb as/to be ... 宣称某人为……
represent ...as ... 把……描绘成……
represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……
represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事
（2）representative adj. 有代表性的
n. 代表，代理人
【佳句】 I， representing our school， want to talk with you about the
donation of books.
我代表我们学校想和您谈谈捐赠图书的问题。
【练透】 语境辨义
①The artist uses bright colours to represent the joy and energy of youth.
②Let me try to represent my ideas to you in another way.
描绘，展示
正式提出
【写美】 补全句子
③ ，I’m very glad to tell you something about these activities.
我很高兴代表我们班向你们介绍这些活动。（发言稿）
Representing our class
go back 追溯，回溯
【教材原句】 The history of the game goes back over two thousand
years to Ancient China.
足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。
【用法】
（1）go back＋时间段 追溯到，始于
追溯到，始于
【佳句】 This town goes back to/dates back to Roman times.
这座城镇的历史可以追溯到罗马时期。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In our hometown， about 1，500 meters east of my house stands an old building （go） back about 800 years.
going
【写美】 一句多译
②这个古老的博物馆的历史可追溯到100年前。
→The old museum goes back .
→The old museum goes back to .
100 years
100 years ago
basis n.基础；根据；原因；基准，方式
【教材原句】 That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the
basis of its popularity.
足球是非常简便的一项运动，这或许是它受欢迎的最根本的原因。
【用法】
（1）on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据……
on a regular basis 以定期的方式
（2）base n.基础 v.以……为基础（或根据）
base ...on/upon ... 把……建立在……的基础上
（3）based adj. （以某事）为基础
be based on/upon ... 以……为基础
（4）basic adj. 基础的
【佳句】 We got the final results on the basis of a great many
experiments.
我们以大量实验为依据而得出最终结果。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Thomas Edison based all his ideas scientific experiments.
②The summer Olympics are held every four years a regular basis.
③People have to memorize about 600 words before they can do
（base） reading and writing.
on/upon
on
basic
【写美】 补全句子
④The restaurant ， and it is working all right.
这家餐馆建立在信任的基础上，而且运营得很好。
is based on trust
equipment n.装备，设备，用具；使有所准备，使有能力
【教材原句】 You don’t need expensive equipment； even the ball
doesn’t have to cost much money.
你不需要昂贵的设备，连球也不会花费太多钱。
【用法】
（1）a piece of equipment 一件设备
（2）equip vt. 装备，配备
equip ...with ... 用……来装备……
equip sb for （doing） sth 使某人为（做）某事而准备，使某
人具备做某事的条件
be equipped with 配有……
be fully/poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋
【佳句】 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，
allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到了一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得
到治疗。
【点津】 equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The course is designed to equip students enjoying literature.
②A piece of new equipment （send） to that area so
far.
for
has been sent
【写美】 一句多译
③他拥有丰富的教学经验，因此很受尊敬。
→He ， so he is well
respected.
→ ， he is well respected.
（过去分词作状语）
→ ，he is well
respected.（动词-ing形式作状语）
is equipped with much experience in teaching
Equipped with much experience in teaching
Equipping himself with much experience in teaching
content n.满意，满足； [pl.] 目录；所含之物；含量 adj.满足的；
满意的 vt.（使）满足
【教材原句】 All over the world you can see kids playing to their
hearts’ content with a ball made of plastic bags； just like Pelé did when
he was a boy.
在世界各地你都可以看到孩子们心满意足地踢着用塑料袋团成的球—
—贝利小时候也就是那样的。
【用法】
（1）with content 满意地
to one’s heart’s content 尽情地，心满意足地
a contents page 目录页
（2）content oneself with 满足于
（3）feel/be content with ... 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth 满足于做某事
【佳句】 I was content with second place as I tried my best.我对第二
名很满意，因为我尽了最大努力。
【点津】 “对……满意”的常用短语小结：
be content with be pleased with
be satisfied with be happy with
【练透】 单句语法填空
①My parents are not content （live） in the city， where there is no courtyard.②The （content） of the new book made the boy lost in thought.
to live
contents
【写美】 一句多译
③那些满足于现状的人在生活中不会有大作为。
→Those who their present situations will make no
difference in life.（content adj.）
→Those who their present situations will
make no difference in life.（content v.）
are content with
content themselves with
defend v.（在比赛中）防守，防卫；保护；保卫；辩护
【教材原句】 You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of
professional players — how they use their bodies to pass， score and
defend can be amazing to see — or to feel the excitement of a game
ending with a surprising twist.你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的
球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观
众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。
【用法】
（1）defend ...from/against 保护……以免受；防御
defend oneself 为（某人）自己辩护；自卫
（2）defense n. 防御；保卫
in defense of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
in one’s defense 为某人辩护；站在某人一边
【佳句】 The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland
against any invasion.
军队将不惜一切代价保卫祖国不受任何侵略。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①No matter what happened， I would defend her being
hurt.
②I don’t think he was apologizing. He sounded more like
defending （he）.
from/against
himself
【写美】 补全句子
③Seeing the fierce wolf， he rushed towards like an arrow
his son.
看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。（动作描写）
in defense
of
break down 驱除，消除（人与人之间的隔阂等）；（机器）坏
掉，出故障；（讨论、谈判等）失败；（健康或精神等方面）垮掉，
崩溃；（使）分解
【教材原句】 It breaks down walls and brings people together on and
off the field.
足球打破隔阂，将赛场内外的人们凝聚在一起。
【用法】
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束；分手；放假
break in 破门而入；打断（谈话等）
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；发生
break through 冲破障碍；（在某领域）有进展或突破
【佳句】 One night in the pouring rain， Tawny Nelson’s car broke
down on the road.一天晚上，在倾盆大雨中，托尼·纳尔逊的车在路上
抛锚了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I arrived at the office and found somebody had broken the
office during the night.
②Last night a fire broke in this hotel.
③My father carefully cut the pumpkin open， so I finally had my head
break away it.
into
out
from
【写美】 补全句子
④Hearing the bad news， he ， tears pouring down his
cheeks.
听到这个坏消息，他崩溃了，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。（神态描写）
broke down
put down记下；放下；镇压
【教材原句】 World War Ⅰ had broken out months before， but British
and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together —
one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的
士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和
平一刻。
【用法】
put away 放好
put aside 储存
put on 穿上，戴上；上演
put off 推迟，拖延
put out 熄灭，扑灭（火）；生产；出版
put up 建造；张贴；举起；提高
【佳句】 He spoke so fast that I couldn’t put down what he said.
他说得太快了，我没能记下来他说的内容。
【助记】 He put everything away， put on his coat and went out of the lab.
他把一切放好，穿上外套，走出实验室。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When they finished playing， the children put all the toys
they had taken out.
②It took the villagers about two hours to put the big fire.
③The woman is trying to put some money for her son’s
education every month.
④The sports meet was put because of the heavy rain.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤He and asked to leave the room.
他举起手，要求离开房间。（动作描写）
away
out
aside
off
put up his hand
conflict n.武装冲突，战斗，战争；冲突，矛盾vi.抵触，冲突
【教材原句】 World War Ⅰ had broken out months before， but British
and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together —
one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
虽然当时第一次世界大战的战火已经持续了数月，但是英国和德国的
士兵仍然放下枪支，一起踢起了足球——这是战乱年代值得铭记的和
平一刻。
【用法】
（1）in conflict with 和……有矛盾/不一致
come into conflict with 和……发生冲突，与……有分歧
a conflict between ...and ...……和……之间的冲突
（2）conflict with 与……发生冲突
【佳句】 She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future
career.
她发现自己在未来的职业问题上和父母不一致。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When our personal interests are conflict with those of the
masses， we should put the masses’ before our own.
②John often comes conflict with his boss for some reason.
in
into
【写美】 补全句子
③Frankly speaking， his opinion usually mine.
坦率地说，他的观点通常与我的相左。
conflicts with
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：given that 意为“假如；考虑到，既然”，引导条件状
语从句
【教材原句】 Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to
the Moon， we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of
this world！
想想当年尼尔·阿姆斯特朗曾想把足球带上月球，我们甚至可以说它
也是地球之外最受欢迎的运动！
【用法】
（1）given that在句中作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到；
鉴于”，此时given为介词，相当于considering。
（2）considering ＝ given prep. 考虑到，既然
seeing （that） ... 鉴于，考虑到……
provided/providing （that） ... 如果，假设，在……条件下
suppose/supposing （that） ... 假定，假设，设想……
【品悟】 Given that you are keen on the traditional Chinese festival， I
am writing to introduce the Dragon Boat Festival to you.
鉴于您对中国的传统节日非常感兴趣，我写信向您介绍端午节。
【联想】 其他可以引导条件状语从句的连词或词组有：if，
unless， as/so long as， on condition that （条件是）， in case （以
防）等。
【写美】 微写作
①如果你提前付款，这门为期六周的英语课程会有一定的折扣。
There is a discount for the cost of the 6-week English
course you pay in
advance.
provided/providing/supposing/suppose that
②鉴于你渴望学习中国文化，我建议你申请北京大学，这是中国最好
的大学之一。（建议信）
，I
suggest you apply for Peking University， one of the best universities in
China.
③我不能接受你提供的提议，除非它是基于事实的。
I cannot accept the suggestion you offered .
Given that/Seeing （that） you are eager to learn Chinese culture
unless it is based on facts
④只要你听医生的话，照他说的去做，你很快就会好起来的。
and do as he tells you， you’ll
get better soon.
As/So long as you listen to the doctor
句型公式：主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式
【教材原句】 It is also a game that is very cheap to play.它也是一项
花费很少的运动。
【用法】
在“主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式的主动形
式表示被动意义。
（1）常用形容词有difficult， hard， easy， comfortable， pleasant，
interesting， exciting等；
（2）动词不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若动词
不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词；
（3）动词不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。
【品悟】 The breakfast prepared by the twins was delicious to enjoy.
这对双胞胎做的早餐很好吃。
【写美】 微写作
①我更喜欢住在乡下，那里的空气很新鲜。
I prefer to live in the countryside where the air .
②这个电视节目对我们来说很容易理解。
The TV programme .
③英语中有大量难以理解的表达。（语言学习）
English has a huge number of expressions which
.
is fresh to breathe
is easy for us to understand
are difficult to
understand
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. （冲浪） is the sport of riding on waves while standing on
a narrow board.
2. A large number of （士兵） were sent there to rescue
those who were trapped in the burning building.
3. Our victory is （保证）； nothing can stop us.
Surfing
soldiers
assured
4. I am planning to become a computer programmer after graduation for
the following two （因素）.
5. In order to protect our environment， we should recycle cans，
bottles， （塑料的） bags and newspapers if possible.
6. During the Spring Festival， a fish is prepared to r the desire
to always have something left over for the coming year.
7. Just one minute before the end of the match， Black kicked the ball
into the g ， which saved his team.
8. Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with people without bad emotions
which usually lead to arguments and even c .
factors
plastic
epresent
oal
onflicts
维度二：词形转换
1. In a system where every decision is made on the （base） of
tradition alone， it may be difficult to achieve progress.
2. There are also more health risks for left-handed workers who use
dangerous （equip）or tools designed for the right-
handed.
3. Frightened to （die）， the boy had no idea how to explain
the matter to his master.
basis
equipment
death
4. They fought bravely in （defend） of freedom
and the interests of the people.
5. It was his （assure） and belief in me that helped me
see my own larger interests.
defense/defence
assurance
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. All the students are playing （心满意足
地） on the beach.
2. He smiled then and quickly （写下） the number of a
passing car.
3. Just before he realized that he should stop smoking， his health
（垮掉） completely.
4. As far as I’m concerned， the book （很难
理解）.
to their hearts’ content
put down
had
broken down
is hard to understand
5. When I came in， I （看见他正在哭） for the
broken glasses.
6. （鉴于你已经尽力了）， we
decide to give you another chance.
saw him crying
Given that you have tried your best
维度四：课文语法填空
Nowadays， football is one of the 1. （popular）
sports in the world.Its history goes back over two thousand years to
Ancient China.It was then known 2. cuju. Modern football started
in Great Britain， 3. the new game rules were made.
Football is simple and very cheap to play， which 4. （be）
perhaps the basis of its popularity.People don’t need expensive
5. （equip） and the football doesn’t cost much money.
most popular
as
where
is
equipment
Another factor behind its global popularity is the creativity and
excitement on the field.It is 6. （attract） to millions of
people.People can see children playing to 7. （they） hearts’
content with a ball everywhere.People can also feel the excitement of a
game even without 8. （recognise） the skill of
professional players.
attractive
their
recognising
What’s more， it has become one of the best ways for people
9. （communicate）.It doesn’t require words，
10. everyone can understand it.It breaks down walls and brings
people together on and off the field.
to communicate
but
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
For many years， Croatian-American recording artist Nenad Bach
toured the world performing with famous musicians like Bono and
Pavarotti.Everything came to a stop in 2010， however， when Nenad
was diagnosed （诊断） with Parkinson’s disease — a progressive
disease that affects a person’s movement.
“I love music，” he said.“When I was diagnosed with
Parkinson’s in 2010， I didn’t know what it was.Five years later， I
couldn’t even play the guitar.”
One day， a friend of Nenad’s asked him to play ping-pong with
him， and Nenad said yes.The effects were immediate and positive： he
woke up the next day filled with a “desire to live”， and his physical
and mental issues had improved.Encouraged， he kept playing.
“Playing ping-pong to me means freedom.Free of past.Free of
future，” Nenad explained.“Once you see the moving ball in the air，
you don’t think about anything else.”
For months he told everyone around him about how ping-pong was
helping his Parkinson’s， but his praise fell on deaf ears.Finally， he
took matters into his own hands and started hosting Ping Pong
Parkinson’s events at the Westchester Table Tennis Center in
Pleasantville， New York.Once the events attracted enough attention， he
started an organization called Ping Pong Parkinson （PPP） in March
2017.
PPP hopes to encourage people living with Parkinson’s to play ping-
pong for its benefits.In addition to promoting social connectivity， PPP
also says that it increases neuroplasticity （神经可塑性） which creates
new neural pathways in the brain.Nenad has seen evidence of this with his
own eyes many times in the past years.He said that their “facial
expression changes from when they arrive until they leave.In addition，
some people start walking again.”
Nenad has made spreading the word about the power of ping-pong his
new life’s work！He hopes others will take up the sport and see the same
improvements he’s enjoyed since the first time he picked up a paddle
（乒乓球拍）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nenad Bach用打乒乓球来对抗帕金
森病，并宣传乒乓球运动的好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Nenad Bach用打乒乓球来对抗帕金
森病，并宣传乒乓球运动的好处。
1. What happened to Nenad in 2015？（ ）
A. His disease got worse.
B. His acting journey ended.
C. He started to play the guitar.
D. He learned to perform from Pavarotti.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Nenad在2010年确
诊帕金森病。五年后，他甚至不能弹吉他了。
2. What caused Nenad to have hopes for life again？（ ）
A. Organizing social events.
B. Taking his mind off his work.
C. Setting up Ping Pong Parkinson.
D. Playing ping-pong with his friend.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，一天，Nenad的
一个朋友邀请他一起打乒乓球，效果立竿见影：第二天Nenad
醒来时充满了“活下去的欲望”，而且他的身体和精神状况都
有所改善。由此可知，正是和朋友打乒乓球这件事让Nenad重
燃起对生活的希望。
3. What was people’s attitude to Nenad’s words about ping-pong at
first？（ ）
A. Uncertain. B. Favorable.
C. Uninterested. D. Curious.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第五段第一句可知，Nenad一直告
诉身边的人，打乒乓球对他的病很有帮助，但是人们对他的话
置若罔闻，不感兴趣。fall on deaf ears不被理睬，不被注意，
被置若罔闻。
4. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 refer to？
（ ）
A. The idea that playing ping-pong is beneficial to the brain.
B. The idea that Parkinson’s disease affects the nervous system.
C. The idea that taking up sports helps promote social connectivity.
D. The idea that different people with Parkinson’s behave differently.
解析： 代词指代题。根据画线词下文可知，Nenad表示帕金森
病患者打乒乓球后面部表情发生了变化，还有一些人开始能走路
了；结合画线词前的it increases neuroplasticity （神经可塑性）
which creates new neural pathways in the brain可推知，Nenad亲眼见
证了“打乒乓球能给帕金森病患者的大脑带来好处”。
B
“Don’t get dirty！” was once often shouted by parents angrily
watching their children ruin their best clothes. It was unavoidable that
children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today， many parents may secretly wish their children had the
chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of city life， and the attraction
of video games and social media， contact with nature is much less than in
the past. For many， there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
According to recent research， the dirt outside is teaming with friendly
microorganisms （微生物） that can train the immune （免疫的）
system and build the body against illnesses， such as anxiety.
These findings show that outdoor exercise is not only beneficial
because of the chance to run around free — but that certain natural
materials， such as soil and mud， also have powerful microorganisms
which have positive effect on children’s health. Outdoor play can also
offer valuable learning experiences. For example， the act of rubbing and
shaping materials like mud or sand can help children develop their senses
and movement.
Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help
children to find ways to deal with emotions that may be hard to explore in
other environments. So-called “Sandtray Therapy （沙盘疗法）”，
which includes using sand to express one’s thoughts and feelings， is an
accepted form of guidance for children who are struggling to speak out
their inner emotions.
Surprisingly， people who spent most of their childhood in the
countryside show a better reply to stressful events like public speaking
compared with those who grew up in cities. “The people who grew up in
cities are kind of ‘walking time bombs’ when facing the stress we meet
today. However， people who have spent lots of time in nature since
childhood are generally stronger in recovery and more positive.” says
Christopher Lowry， a professor of University of Colorado Boulder.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，户外运动有许多好处，
与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公
众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，户外运动有许多好处，
与在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公
众演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。
5. What’s the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To share an opinion.
C. To tell a funny story.
D. To describe characters.
解析： 目的意图题。根据第一、二段内容可推知，作者写第一
段的目的是引出话题。
6. What is a benefit of outdoor exercise？（ ）
A. Gaining learning experiences.
B. Experiencing the inner emotions.
C. Changing the immune system.
D. Discovering more microorganisms.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Outdoor play can also
offer valuable learning experiences.可知，户外运动的好处是获
得学习经验。
7. What do the underlined words “walking time bombs” in the last
paragraph mean？（ ）
A. People who often arrive late.
B. People doing harm to the public.
C. People who are weak under stress.
D. People staying positive and powerful.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，从小就在大自然中
度过大量时间的人通常恢复能力更强，也更积极，那么反过来在城
市长大的人因为压力很大，所以变得虚弱。故画线词意思是“人们
在压力下变得虚弱”。
8. In which part of a website can you find the text？（ ）
A. Culture. B. Health.
C. Economy. D. Technology.
解析： 文章出处题。文章主要说明了户外运动有许多好处，与
在城市长大的人相比，童年大部分时间在农村度过的人往往对公众
演讲等压力大的事件表现出更好的反应。由此可推知，文章选自网
站的“健康”部分。
C
There’s no doubt that football is the global sport.Though
basketball， tennis， and other sports are popular too， nothing comes
close to football.Being played in every country in the world， football
provides dozens of superstars.The numbers are greater when compared to
any other sport， and this drives the popularity of football up.Have you
ever wondered when the sport started and became popular？
Football has its origin in China and has a history of more than 2，000
years.However， modern football originally appeared in Britain in the
19th century.Folk football matches had been played before in many cities
and towns， but never on a professional level.
Football became a winter sport game played in different schools.The
rules were carried out by each school， and this made it difficult for
players to play an official game with each other.It all changed in 1849 at
the University of Cambridge that invented a set of standard rules known as
the Cambridge rules of football.From that moment， a new star sport was
born.
By the early 20th century， football had spread all across Europe.In
1904， FIFA was set up.There are seven original members， including
France， Denmark and Spain. FIFA became the governing body for many
associations in Europe.
England’s international success improved the popularity of the sport
in the country.The league （联赛） in Britain was set up in 1992.From
the 1990s， it became a truly impressive piece of football organization，
becoming the world’s top football league in the process.
Football is obviously the most popular sport in the world.It is
impossible for any other sport to take its place， especially with leagues
spending billions of pounds every year to stay in the focus.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了足球的历史渊源以
及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了足球的历史渊源以
及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。
9. What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. To describe the level of football.
B. To introduce the topic of the text.
C. To debate the main idea of the text.
D. To introduce famous football leagues.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Have you ever wondered
when the sport started and became popular？可知，作者撰写第一段
的目的是介绍文章的主题。
10. Where did modern football first start？（ ）
A. In China. B. In France.
C. In Britain. D. In Spain.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的However， modern
football originally appeared in Britain in the 19th century.可知，现代
足球是从英国开始的。
11. Why was it difficult to play an official game before 1849？（ ）
A. The rules always changed.
B. There were no common rules.
C. The season made players hard to win.
D. Officials made players misunderstand the rules.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The rules were carried out
by each school， and this made it difficult for players to play an
official game with each other.可知，在1849年之前很难进行正式比
赛是因为没有共同的规则。
12. How is the text mainly developed？（ ）
A. By time order. B. By space order.
C. By listing numbers. D. By giving examples.
解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了足球的
历史渊源以及从足球的形成到现代足球的发展历程。从文章中出
现的年代顺序（2，000 以前—1849—1904—1992）可知，文章主
要是按时间顺序展开的。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
There is increasing evidence that sitting down too much can be a risk
to our health. 13.（ ）
These studies have shown sitting for long periods can slow the
metabolism （新陈代谢）， which affects the body’s ability to control
blood sugar， blood pressure and break down body fat. 14.（ ）
Being overweight and obese， type 2 diabetes， heart disease and certain
types of cancers are the most common ones.
Experts recommend breaking up long periods of sitting time with light
activities， for example， walking， jogging， swimming and so on. 15.
（ ） We are advised to exercise regularly at least 150 minutes a
week， and reduce sitting time. However， there is currently not enough
evidence to set a time limit on how much time we should sit each day.
However， some countries have made suggestions that children limit
screen time， such as TV and video games， to 1 to 2 hours a day. This is
to reduce the time spent sitting. For children and teenagers aged 5 to 18，
reducing sitting time includes anything that involves moving in or around
the home， classroom or community.16.（ ）
·Agree a family limit to screen time per day.
·Make bedrooms a TV， electronic device， laptop and phone-free
zone.
·Set “no screen time” rules to encourage other activities.
·Encourage participation in house chores， such as setting the table or
taking the bins out.
·Choose gifts such as a scooter， skateboard， ball or kite to
encourage active play.
17. （ ） Researches seem to point to the fact that less sitting
and more moving contribute to better health. We might start by simply
standing rather than sitting when we have the chance.
A. Anyway， move more， sit less.
B. For starters， you’ll burn more calories.
C. Here are some tips to reduce their sitting time.
D. Most of the evidence is based on scientific studies.
E. They can reduce our risk of bad health from inactivity.
F. Scientists don’t yet know exactly why sitting is so bad.
G. Studies have linked being inactive with health problems.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。基于科学研究的大量证据表明，久
坐对健康有害，建议在久坐的情况下进行轻度的活动，同时可以限
制青少年的屏幕时间，减少他们坐着的时间。
13. D 空前一句指出久坐对健康有害是有证据的。D项（大多数证据
都是基于科学研究）符合语境，说明证据的来源。
14. G 空后一句介绍了一些最常见的疾病。G项（研究表明，不运动
与健康问题有关）符合语境，指出不运动与健康问题之间的关联。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。基于科学研究的大量证据表明，久
坐对健康有害，建议在久坐的情况下进行轻度的活动，同时可以限
制青少年的屏幕时间，减少他们坐着的时间。
15. E 空前一句建议进行一些轻度的活动。E项（它们可以降低
我们因不运动而导致健康状况不佳的风险）承接上文，解释这些
活动的作用。
16. C 空前一句建议减少各个场景中儿童和青少年坐着的时间，下
文提供了具体的方法。C项（以下是一些减少他们久坐时间的建
议），符合语境。C项中的their指代空前一句中的children and
teenagers aged 5 to 18。
17. A 空处位于段首，为段落主旨句。根据下文可知，本段主要建
议少坐多动，从站着开始保持健康。A项（总之，多动、少坐）符合
语境。A项中的move more， sit less呼应下文的less sitting and more
moving。
谢谢观看！
