Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1.The height of the bicycle seat is （可调节的）， so anyone can ride it， whether they are tall or short.
2.Finding a （平衡） between life and work is important to improving people’s well-being.
3.We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip， but no one has made a （答复） by now.
4.Michael found a job as a high school teacher which （需要） spending much time with students.
5.We live in an age when more information is （可获得的） with great ease than ever before.
6.His greatest wish is to be admitted to an i university in three years.
7.You’ll have to m your blood pressure constantly to keep healthy.
8.The first stage of the operation was to join up the b .
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.My friend Lily is always the first student in classes.
我的朋友莉莉总是课堂上第一个回答出老师问题的学生。
2.I’ll seek more chances in the future.
将来我会寻找更多的机会去练习我的英语口语。
3.I’m not it down.
我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。
4.Happily， she took the dress out of the package and tried it on， .
她高兴地从包裹里拿出那件连衣裙来试穿，结果却发现它不合适。
5.We all know that exercise is good for us， but sometimes it seems .
我们都知道锻炼对我们有益，但有时离开沙发似乎太难了。
6.She was the first woman in the Olympic Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。
7.There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability .
毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示补全短文。
This summer holiday，I was 1. （足够大可以找到） a part-time job in a company.But I had 2. （要参加一个面试）.With a lot of things to prepare， I was very nervous.The next day，I arrived there early，3. （结果被告知） that I was 4. （第一个来的人）.I was nervous again， and then I found 5. （一个解决问题的方法）.
Finally， I got the opportunity 6. （在这家公司工作）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·湖南师大附中高一第一次大练兵）Physical education， or PE， isn’t required for all high school students.In some schools， it isn’t offered for some different reasons.But should high school students have physical education？The answer is certainly “yes”.
Today many people don’t do sports.But as is known to all， doing sports is very important for an adult.Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.
High school isn’t that easy.Many students are under a lot of stress.Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life.Doing sports can help them deal with stress better， helping them live a happier life at school.
The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity （肥胖）.Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger.The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around， such as computer games， means many teens don’t get their required exercise.PE classes act as a public health measure to encourage physical activities and help teens have healthy weights.
Not doing sports increases teens’ hazard of developing many diseases.An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems.As much as 75 per cent of healthcare spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be prevented by lifestyle changes， according to the American College of Sports Medicine.
According to the President’s Council on Sports， Fitness & Nutrition （PCSFN）， students who performed five hours of physical activities each week improved their academic （学业的） performance.Students from programs with no physical activity， who used the extra time for classroom study， did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.
1.According to Paragraph 2， what does physical education in high school mean？（ ）
A.Making teens attach importance to exercise later.
B.Removing the stress faced by teens at school.
C.Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise.
D.Helping teens learn to make good plans.
2.What does the underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 5 mean？（ ）
A.Happiness. B.Risk.
C.Safety. D.Sadness.
3.What can we know from the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Doing sport means making students choose between sports and studies.
B.Doing sport helps students make good use of all their time.
C.Doing sport means students adjust to their studies better.
D.Doing sport helps students do better in their studies.
4.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.Why high school students should receive physical education.
B.Why some schools consider physical education important.
C.How schools can help students love doing sports.
D.How high school students can live a better life.
B
Power walking， also referred to as speed walking， is an aerobic （有氧的） activity that can be done just about anywhere or anytime.An individual who participates in the activity travels at a pace that is faster than walking but slower than jogging.
A proper technique for power walking includes taking small but quick pace and landing on the heels， with toes aimed at a 45-degree angle from the ground.Speed is produced by flexibility （柔韧性）， not long pace.With each step， the walker rolls his or her feet forward and thrusts （猛推） from the toes to start a new step.This thrust gives a walker more force and power.With each step， the walker keeps his or her arms bent at a 90-degree angle while keeping a closed fist and making a curved move from the waist to the chest.The walker repeats the move while allowing his or her arms to swing， which helps to keep a light pace and uses more calories.
The activity provides many benefits for walkers.Power walking helps build up muscles and burn calories.It can also help to control an individual’s weight and can enhance the immune system.It improves physical fitness， which may help lower the risk of injury； it also lowers stress levels， and can help provide a comfortable night’s sleep.Power walking can also improve the cardiovascular （心血管的） system.
Before beginning the activity， an individual should check with his or her doctor.A walker should also make sure he or she has comfortable fitting shoes before engaging in walking.Shoes that are light and flexible can prevent soreness and tingling （刺痛） in the feet and toes.A beginner will often walk up to 30 minutes， while a person more advanced in the technique can engage in the activity for up to an hour.
5.What is the purpose of Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.To offer some questions.
B.To provide some examples.
C.To explain what power walking is.
D.To make a comparison with jogging.
6.Which of the following is mentioned in the text？（ ）
A.Landing on the toes first.
B.Keeping the whole body relaxed.
C.Walking with small but fast steps.
D.Keeping his or her arms bent at a 45-degree angle.
7.What can we learn about power walking according to the text？（ ）
A.Anyone can do the sport.
B.It can benefit body and mind.
C.There is no time limit when doing power walking.
D.Sports shoes are a must when doing power walking.
8.From which is the text probably taken？（ ）
A.A health magazine.
B.A travel brochure.
C.A biology textbook.
D.An advertisement column.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Mae ran into Jon before he could run away.Jon fell and Mae piled on top of him.It was a perfect tackle （擒抱摔倒） for a rugby （英式橄榄球） game.I 9 .
While they were in the 10 for the rugby ball， another player attacked Mae and she fell.The cheer was stuck in my throat.After a few moments， Mae got up and 11 the game and the game went well.I felt a sense of 12 .
When Mae， my 13-year-old daughter， first asked if she could play rugby， I was terrified. 13 ， I did not like the sport
9.（ ）A.whispered B.cheered
C.complained D.regretted
10.（ ）A.group B.name
C.charge D.struggle
11.（ ）A.began B.finished
C.continued D.paused
12.（ ）A.relief B.humor
C.responsibility D.failure
13.（ ）A.Additionally B.Personally
C.Luckily D.Sadly
because the game was violent （暴力的） and it had the most 14 of all school sports.
However， Mae wanted to play rugby so much that she kept asking for my permission whenever I said no.Mae was 15 and full of confidence.She was strong and 16 for her age at 170 cm.If she were to 17 till she turned fifteen， the boys would 18 over her and be stronger than her.She argued that it might be the only 19 for her to do well in this sport.
Touched by her determination， I 20 finally.I watched all her matches.I hoped that my 21 at her games would encourage her.I was 22 of her for not giving up the sport.
She loved the sport 23 there were so many challenges.
14.（ ）A.failures B.growth
C.successes D.injuries
15.（ ）A.amazed B.determined
C.excited D.confused
16.（ ）A.clever B.suitable
C.tall D.unique
17.（ ）A.wait B.organize
C.injure D.change
18.（ ）A.turn B.watch
C.get D.tower
19.（ ）A.chance B.advice
C.balance D.space
20.（ ）A.gave up B.gave out
C.gave in D.gave away
21.（ ）A.absence B.patience
C.presence D.confidence
22.（ ）A.proud B.ashamed
C.afraid D.tired
23.（ ）A.unless B.although
C.if D.when
Ⅲ.语法填空
When it comes to exercise， less is not more — but it’s certainly better than none.Physical inactivity makes up nearly 23 per cent of all 24. （death） from major chronic （慢性的） diseases， yet almost one of every three Americans spend a lot of time sitting down.They usually say they have no free time 25. physical activity at all.
Light activity can improve physical and mental well-being.While light activity is good， moderate （适度的） activity is even 26. （good）.And you don’t have to head to a gym.As recent studies have suggested， “lifestyle” activities， such as walking， house cleaning and gardening， are as 27. （effect） as a structured exercise program in improving heart function （功能）， lowering blood pressure 28. keeping or losing weight.
In one study， overweight， sedentary （久坐的） middle-aged men and women 29. learned behavioral skills to make them more physically active， such as walking around airports or train stations while waiting for a departure， 30. （reduce） their body fat percentage and improved their blood pressure and heart function as much as individuals （个人） working out at a 31. （fit） center.
There are different types of activities in a center， 32. people do aerobic and muscle exercises to build up their health.But actually multiple short periods of exercise during the day 33. （be） nearly as beneficial as one long session.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.adjustable 2.balance 3.response 4.involves
5.available 6.ideal 7.monitor 8.bones
维度二
1.to answer the teachers’ questions
2.to practice my spoken English
3.so stupid/such a fool as to put
4.only to find it didn’t fit
5.too hard to leave the sofa
6.to win the gold medal
7.to communicate with foreigners in English
维度三
1.old enough to find 2.an interview to attend
3.only to be told 4.the first one to come
5.a way to solve the problem 6.to work in the company
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.可知，高中体育教育意味着让青少年重视以后的锻炼。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems.可知，不运动会增加青少年患多种疾病的风险。因此hazard意思是“危险，风险”。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Students from programs with no physical activity， who used the extra time for classroom study， did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.可推断出，PCFSN认为，做运动帮助学生在学习上做得更好。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的But should high school students have physical education？The answer is certainly “yes”. 可知，本文主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了什么是疾走、疾走的好处以及参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。
5.C 目的意图题。第一段作者主要介绍了疾走是一项什么样的运动。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，C项符合题意，文中的small but quick pace表示“小而快的步伐”，与C项中的small but fast steps同义。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，疾走不仅对我们的身体有益，在精神方面也可以帮助我们减压并有益于睡眠。
8.A 文章出处题。本文主要介绍疾走这项运动并说明疾走对我们的身体很有好处，在身心方面能让我们更加健康。文章最后还给读者一些关于参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。综上所述，本文最可能出现在健康杂志上面。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从一位父亲的视角，讲述了他的女儿Mae非常有决心和毅力，一直坚持从事英式橄榄球并改变了作者态度的故事。
9.B 根据上文It was a perfect tackle （擒抱摔倒） for a rugby （英式橄榄球） game.可知，作者看到后欢呼。
10.D 根据下文another player attacked Mae and she fell可知，当他们在争夺橄榄球时，另一个球员袭击了Mae，她摔倒了。
11.C 根据上文Mae got up和下文the game went well可知，Mae站起来继续比赛，比赛进行得很顺利。
12.A 比赛进行得很顺利，所以作者感到如释重负。
13.B 根据下文I did not like the sport可知，作者个人不喜欢这项运动，空处意为“就我个人而言”。
14.D 根据上文the game was violent可知，比赛很暴力，而且在所有学校运动中受伤人数最多。
15.B 根据下文full of confidence可知，Mae很坚定，充满信心。
16.C 根据下文at 170 cm可知，就她的年龄来说，她很高。
17.A 根据生物学知识可知，如果等到15岁，男孩子们就会比她高，比她强壮。
18.D 参见上题解析。
19.A 因为等到15岁时，男孩子就会比她高且强壮，所以她认为这可能是她在这项运动中取得好成绩的唯一机会。
20.C 根据上文Touched by her determination可知，被她的决心所感动，作者最终屈服了。
21.C 根据上文I watched all her matches.可知，作者希望他去看女儿的比赛能鼓励女儿，空处意为“出席”。
22.A 根据下文for not giving up the sport可知，作者为她没有放弃这项运动而感到骄傲。
23.B 上下文为让步转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，久坐会提高患病的概率，因此专家建议人们每天都要做一些运动，最好每天有不少于30分钟的适度运动。
24.deaths 考查名词的单复数。分析句子成分可知，空处作宾语，应用名词。death表示“死亡人数”时通常为复数。故填deaths。
25.for 考查介词。have no free time for sth没有空闲时间做某事，故填for。
26.better 考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的even可知，空处应为比较级，故填better。
27.effective 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用形容词作表语，在“as ...as ...”结构中，应用形容词原级。故填effective。
28.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的improving heart function（功能）， lowering blood pressure与空后的keeping or losing weight为并列关系，结合句意可知，这些都是锻炼的好处。故填and。
29.who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指的是人。故填who/that。
30.reduced 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，此处应为句子的谓语，根据and可知，此空与空后的improved 为并列关系，所以使用一般过去时态。故填reduced。
31.fitness 考查名词。fitness center意为“健身中心”。故填fitness。
32.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以使用关系副词。故填where。
33.are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，此处应为谓语动词，句子主语是multiple short periods，为复数，根据上文中的are可知，该处应用一般现在时，故填are。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ Using language
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
①That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity.
②He studied hard only to fail.
【我的发现】
句①中的 to play是动词不定式作game的 ；句②中的to fail是动词不定式作 。
一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面，可转换为一个定语从句
We are looking for an apartment to live in.＝We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.
我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。
2.动词不定式作定语的用法
（1）动词不定式作定语可表示将来还未发生的动作。
All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师应该穿工装。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting， as I had a train to catch.
开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。
（2）序数词、形容词最高级或the last、 the only、 the next等后常用动词不定式作定语。
The next train to arrive is from New York.
下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。
You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.
在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一一个迟到的人。
It is recognised that he is the best man to do the job.
大家公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
The manager was the last to come to the meeting.经理是最后一个到达会场的人。
（3）抽象名词ability，chance， opportunity， belief， way， right， courage， decision，hope，wish，plan，dream等后常用动词不定式作定语。
Thanks to your encouragement， I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。
Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a good chance to see your friends again.
开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋。这是一个再次见到你朋友的好机会。
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。
名师点津
（1）不定式作定语时，与被修饰的词语在逻辑上有主谓关系、动宾关系等。
He’s always the first one to get up.
他总是第一个起床。
Please give me something to drink.
请给我点儿喝的。
（2）当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。
Because the room was very crowded， I needed a tall bench to stand on.
由于房间里太挤，我不得不站到高板凳上。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找个新房子住。
（3）当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，但其含义有所不同。
Have you got anything to send？
你有什么东西要寄吗？（动词不定式to send的动作执行者是“你自己”。）
Have you got anything to be sent？
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（动词不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“别人”。）
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Volunteering gives you a chance （change） lives， including your own.
②In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs （do）.
③She is always the first student （come） to school.
④I’d like to see Tom， for I have something urgent （tell） him.
⑤Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. This is the best way （maintain） healthy friendships.
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1.动词不定式作结果状语的用法
（1）动词不定式作结果状语时，动词不定式前面加上only，构成“only to do”结构，用以引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人并不希望它发生。
Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。
The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
那位游客猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一只豹子。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的句型结构中：
too ...to do ... 太……而不能做……
so/such ...as to do ... 如此……以至于……
enough to do ... 足够……做……
never to do ... 再也不做……
The meeting room is too small to hold fifty people.
这间会议室太小了，容纳不下50人。
She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。
We are not old enough to vote and to be voted.
我们太小，还不能选举和被选举。
He left his hometown when he was ten， never to return.
他十岁的时候离开家乡，再也没有回来。
2.使用动词不定式作结果状语的特殊情况
（1）在某些情况下，动词不定式可以直接在句中作结果状语。
Where have you been to be so delighted？
你去了哪儿，竟然如此高兴？
He did excellent work to be general manager of the famous company.
他工作非常出色，后来成为这家著名公司的总经理。
（2）在某些表示对人进行表扬或批评的形容词后常接动词不定式表示结果。此类形容词有right，polite， crazy， generous， good， kind， nice 等。He was generous to lend us a large amount of money.他为人慷慨，借给了我们一大笔钱。
She was very kind to show us the way.
她非常友好，给我们指了路。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作结果状语，常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成章”的结果。
It hasn’t rained for a month， making the crops hard to grow.一个月没下雨了，使庄稼很难生长。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①The boy is too young .
这个男孩太小而不能上学。
②The boy is old enough himself.
这个男孩够大了，可以照顾自己。
③She got back home happily， she had left her mobile phone in her office.
她高高兴兴地回到家，却发现自己把手机忘在办公室了。
adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
【教材原句】 ...while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable to wear.
……而防水带完全可调，佩戴舒适。
【用法】
（1）adjust vi.& vt. 调整；（使）适应
adjust to （doing） sth 适应（做）某事
adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应……
（2）adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments 作出调整
【佳句】 As a coach， you should adjust your training methods to the needs of players.
作为教练，你应该根据球员的需要调整你的训练方法。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Moving to another country， you should make （adjust） to the new environment.
②When I entered university， it took me some time to adjust to （live） far away from home.
【写美】 补全句子
③Learn some basic Chinese before you come， and you will the life here more easily.来之前学习一些基础汉语，你将会更容易适应这儿的生活。（建议信）
available adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的
【教材原句】 DX Sports Watch is only available online， so go to our website and place your order today！DX运动手表仅在网上提供销售，请今天访问我们的网站并下单！
【用法】
（1）be available to/for sb 对某人来说是可利用的/可获得的
be available （for sb） to do sth（对某人来说）可以做某事
be available for 可用于……
（2）available resource 可利用的资源
freely available 可免费得到的
【佳句】 It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available.
让他们知道你什么时候有空是重要的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There are no tickets available the performance on Friday.
②There are various optional courses available for us （choose） from in our school.
【写美】 补全句子
③In the 1940s， electricity in almost all areas of the United States.
在20世纪40 年代，几乎美国所有地区的人都用上了电。
balance n.平衡；天平；余额；结欠 vt.使……保持平衡；权衡
【教材原句】 Using only a rope， you can develop your footwork and balance.
只用一根绳子，你就可以发展你的步法和平衡力。
【用法】
（1）keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
keep （a） balance between ...and ...保持……和……之间的平衡
（2）balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
（3）balanced adj. 保持（或显示）平衡的
keep/eat a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食
【佳句】 When she cycled round the corner， she lost her balance and fell off.
她骑车拐弯时失去平衡，摔了下来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Before making the final decision， you’d better balance the advantages the disadvantages.
②It is beyond argument that having a healthy （balance） diet is of great benefit to teenagers.
【写美】 补全句子
③I suggest that you .
我建议你在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。（建议信）
involve v.包含，需要；涉及；参加
【教材原句】 It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.它包括做非常缓慢的体育锻炼来放松你的大脑和平静你的身体。
【用法】
（1）involve （＝include） doing sth 包括做某事
involve sb in （doing） sth 要求（允许）某人参加某事
（2）involved adj. 复杂的；涉及的；专注的
be/get involved in 卷入；专注于；涉及
be involved with 涉及；与……有关
（3）involvement n. 参与，加入；沉迷
【佳句】 All the teachers and students got actively involved/involved themselves actively in the cross-country running race.
所有的老师和学生都积极地参加了越野跑比赛。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In a recent book， he advocated much more government （involve） in health care.
②Students will learn more effectively if they are encouraged to be fully （involve） in the class activities.
③It is said that he was involved a series of criminal activities.
【写美】 补全句子
④I participated in an activity where my work .
我参加了一个工作涉及照顾老人的活动。（告知信）
response n.回答，答复；响应；反应
【教材原句】 During the interview， listen carefully to each question and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses.
在面试过程中，仔细听每个问题，试着理解受访者回答的主要观点。
【用法】
（1）in response to 响应；反应（通常作状语）
make （no） response to对……（不）作出反应/回答
（2）respond v. 回答，回应；作出反应
respond to ... 回应……；对……作出反应
respond that ... 回答说
（3）respondent n. （尤指）调查对象
【佳句】 I’m writing to give a brief introduction of Peking Opera in response to your request.
我写信简要介绍京剧以回答你的要求。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① response to the audience’s great demand，the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
②He made no （respond） to my question， and went on with his movie.
【写美】 补全句子
③Knowing some basic first-aid techniques will help you emergencies.
懂得一些基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况迅速作出反应。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
定语 结果状语
即时演练1
①to change ②to do ③to come ④to tell
⑤to maintain
即时演练2
①to go to school ②to take care of ③only to find
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①adjustments ②living ③adjust （yourself） to
2.①for ②to choose ③was available to/for people
3.①against ②balanced
③keep a balance between work and relaxation
4.①involvement ②involved ③with
④involved caring for the elderly
5.①In ②response ③respond quickly to
7 / 7(共82张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
①That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its
popularity.
②He studied hard only to fail.
【我的发现】
句①中的 to play是动词不定式作game的 ；句②中的to fail是
动词不定式作 。
定语
结果状语
一、动词不定式作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面，可转换为一个定语
从句
We are looking for an apartment to live in.＝We are looking for an
apartment that we can live in.
我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。
2. 动词不定式作定语的用法
（1）动词不定式作定语可表示将来还未发生的动作。
All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow
should wear the uniforms.
明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师应该穿工装。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting， as I had a
train to catch.
开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。
（2）序数词、形容词最高级或the last、 the only、 the next等后常
用动词不定式作定语。
The next train to arrive is from New York.
下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。
You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.
在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一一个迟到的人。
It is recognised that he is the best man to do the job.
大家公认他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
The manager was the last to come to the meeting.经理是最后一
个到达会场的人。
（3）抽象名词ability，chance， opportunity， belief， way，
right， courage， decision，hope，wish，plan，dream等后常
用动词不定式作定语。
Thanks to your encouragement， I finally got the courage to face
the challenge.
多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。
Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a good chance
to see your friends again.
开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋。这是一个再次见到你朋友
的好机会。
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
他与人和睦相处的能力是他的主要优点。
名师点津
（1）不定式作定语时，与被修饰的词语在逻辑上有主谓关系、动宾
关系等。
He’s always the first one to get up.
他总是第一个起床。
Please give me something to drink.
请给我点儿喝的。
（2）当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，
不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，
则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。
Because the room was very crowded， I needed a tall bench to stand
on.
由于房间里太挤，我不得不站到高板凳上。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找个新房子住。
（3）当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作
的承受者时，动词不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形
式，但其含义有所不同。
Have you got anything to send？
你有什么东西要寄吗？（动词不定式to send的动作执行者是
“你自己”。）
Have you got anything to be sent？
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（动词不定式to be sent
的动作执行者是“别人”。）
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Volunteering gives you a chance （change） lives，
including your own.
②In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs （do）.
③She is always the first student （come） to school.
④I’d like to see Tom， for I have something urgent （tell）
him.
⑤Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. This is the
best way （maintain） healthy friendships.
to change
to do
to come
to tell
to maintain
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1. 动词不定式作结果状语的用法
（1）动词不定式作结果状语时，动词不定式前面加上only，构成
“only to do”结构，用以引出意想不到的或不愉快的结果，
表示说话人并不希望它发生。
Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone
abroad a week before.
昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。
The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
那位游客猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一只豹子。
（2）动词不定式作结果状语时，常用于一些特定的句型结构中：
too ...to do ... 太……而不能做……
so/such ...as to do ... 如此……以至于……
enough to do ... 足够……做……
never to do ... 再也不做……
The meeting room is too small to hold fifty people.
这间会议室太小了，容纳不下50人。
She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。
We are not old enough to vote and to be voted.
我们太小，还不能选举和被选举。
He left his hometown when he was ten， never to return.
他十岁的时候离开家乡，再也没有回来。
2. 使用动词不定式作结果状语的特殊情况
（1）在某些情况下，动词不定式可以直接在句中作结果状语。
Where have you been to be so delighted？
你去了哪儿，竟然如此高兴？
He did excellent work to be general manager of the famous
company.
他工作非常出色，后来成为这家著名公司的总经理。
（2）在某些表示对人进行表扬或批评的形容词后常接动词不定式
表示结果。此类形容词有right，polite， crazy， generous，
good， kind， nice 等。
He was generous to lend us a large amount of money.他为人慷
慨，借给了我们一大笔钱。
She was very kind to show us the way.
她非常友好，给我们指了路。
名师点津
动词-ing形式作结果状语，常常表示“自然而然、意料之中或顺理成
章”的结果。
It hasn’t rained for a month， making the crops hard to grow.
一个月没下雨了，使庄稼很难生长。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①The boy is too young .
这个男孩太小而不能上学。
②The boy is old enough himself.
这个男孩够大了，可以照顾自己。
③She got back home happily， she had left her mobile
phone in her office.
她高高兴兴地回到家，却发现自己把手机忘在办公室了。
to go to school
to take care of
only to find
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的
【教材原句】 ...while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it
is comfortable to wear.
……而防水带完全可调，佩戴舒适。
【用法】
（1）adjust vi.& vt. 调整；（使）适应
adjust to （doing） sth 适应（做）某事
adjust ...to ... 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应……
（2）adjustment n. 调整，调节；适应
make an adjustment/adjustments 作出调整
【佳句】 As a coach， you should adjust your training methods to the
needs of players.
作为教练，你应该根据球员的需要调整你的训练方法。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Moving to another country， you should make
（adjust） to the new environment.
②When I entered university， it took me some time to adjust
to （live） far away from home.
adjustments
living
【写美】 补全句子
③Learn some basic Chinese before you come， and you will
the life here more easily.
来之前学习一些基础汉语，你将会更容易适应这儿的生活。（建
议信）
adjust
（yourself） to
available adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的
【教材原句】 DX Sports Watch is only available online， so go to our
website and place your order today！
DX运动手表仅在网上提供销售，请今天访问我们的网站并下单！
【用法】
（1）be available to/for sb 对某人来说是可利用的/可获得的
be available （for sb） to do sth （对某人来说）可以做某事
be available for 可用于……
（2）available resource 可利用的资源
freely available 可免费得到的
【佳句】 It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be
available.
让他们知道你什么时候有空是重要的。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①There are no tickets available the performance on Friday.
②There are various optional courses available for us
（choose） from in our school.
for
to choose
【写美】 补全句子
③In the 1940s， electricity in almost all
areas of the United States.
在20世纪40 年代，几乎美国所有地区的人都用上了电。
was available to/for people
balance n.平衡；天平；余额；结欠 vt.使……保持平衡；权衡
【教材原句】 Using only a rope， you can develop your footwork and
balance.
只用一根绳子，你就可以发展你的步法和平衡力。
【用法】
（1）keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
keep （a） balance between ...and ... 保持……和……之间
的平衡
（2）balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
（3）balanced adj. 保持（或显示）平衡的
keep/eat a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食
【佳句】 When she cycled round the corner， she lost her balance and
fell off.
她骑车拐弯时失去平衡，摔了下来。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Before making the final decision， you’d better balance the
advantages the disadvantages.
②It is beyond argument that having a healthy （balance）
diet is of great benefit to teenagers.
against
balanced
【写美】 补全句子
③I suggest that you .
我建议你在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。（建议信）
keep a balance between work and relaxation
involve v.包含，需要；涉及；参加
【教材原句】 It involves doing very slow physical exercises to relax
your mind and calm your body.
它包括做非常缓慢的体育锻炼来放松你的大脑和平静你的身体。
【用法】
（1）involve （＝include） doing sth 包括做某事
involve sb in （doing） sth 要求（允许）某人参加某事
（2）involved adj. 复杂的；涉及的；专注的
be/get involved in 卷入；专注于；涉及
be involved with 涉及；与……有关
（3）involvement n. 参与，加入；沉迷
【佳句】 All the teachers and students got actively involved/involved
themselves actively in the cross-country running race.
所有的老师和学生都积极地参加了越野跑比赛。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In a recent book， he advocated much more
government （involve） in health care.
②Students will learn more effectively if they are encouraged to be
fully （involve） in the class activities.
③It is said that he was involved a series of criminal activities.
involvement
involved
with
【写美】 补全句子
④I participated in an activity where my work
.
我参加了一个工作涉及照顾老人的活动。（告知信）
involved caring for the
elderly
response n.回答，答复；响应；反应
【教材原句】 During the interview， listen carefully to each question
and try to understand the main ideas within the interviewee’s responses.
在面试过程中，仔细听每个问题，试着理解受访者回答的主要观点。
【用法】
（1）in response to 响应；反应（通常作状语）
make （no） response to对……（不）作出反应/回答
（2）respond v. 回答，回应；作出反应
respond to ... 回应……；对……作出反应
respond that ... 回答说
（3）respondent n. （尤指）调查对象
【佳句】 I’m writing to give a brief introduction of Peking Opera in
response to your request.
我写信简要介绍京剧以回答你的要求。
【练透】 单句语法填空
① response to the audience’s great demand，the play will be put
on in the theatre twice a week.
②He made no （respond） to my question， and went on
with his movie.
In
response
【写美】 补全句子
③Knowing some basic first-aid techniques will help you
emergencies.
懂得一些基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况迅速作出反应。
respond
quickly to
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1. The height of the bicycle seat is （可调节的）， so
anyone can ride it， whether they are tall or short.
2. Finding a （平衡） between life and work is important to
improving people’s well-being.
adjustable
balance
3. We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our
trip， but no one has made a （答复） by now.
4. Michael found a job as a high school teacher which （需
要） spending much time with students.
5. We live in an age when more information is （可获得
的） with great ease than ever before.
6. His greatest wish is to be admitted to an i university in three
years.
response
involves
available
deal
7. You’ll have to m your blood pressure constantly to keep
healthy.
8. The first stage of the operation was to join up the b .
onitor
ones
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. My friend Lily is always the first student
in classes.
我的朋友莉莉总是课堂上第一个回答出老师问题的学生。
2. I’ll seek more chances in the
future.
将来我会寻找更多的机会去练习我的英语口语。
3. I’m not it down.
我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。
to answer the teachers’
questions
to practice my spoken English
so stupid/such a fool as to put
4. Happily， she took the dress out of the package and tried it
on， .
她高兴地从包裹里拿出那件连衣裙来试穿，结果却发现它不合适。
5. We all know that exercise is good for us， but sometimes it
seems .
我们都知道锻炼对我们有益，但有时离开沙发似乎太难了。
6. She was the first woman in the Olympic
Games.
她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。
only to find it didn’t fit
too hard to leave the sofa
to win the gold medal
7. There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his
ability .
毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。
to communicate with foreigners in English
维度三：语法与语篇
根据汉语提示补全短文。
This summer holiday，I was 1. （足够大可
以找到） a part-time job in a company.But I had 2.
（要参加一个面试）.With a lot of things to prepare， I was
very nervous.The next day，I arrived there early，3.
（结果被告知） that I was 4. （第一个来的
人）.I was nervous again， and then I found 5.
（一个解决问题的方法）.
Finally， I got the opportunity 6. （在
这家公司工作）.
old enough to find
an interview to
attend
only to be told
the first one to come
a way to solve the
problem
to work in the company
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2024·湖南师大附中高一第一次大练兵）Physical education， or
PE， isn’t required for all high school students.In some schools， it
isn’t offered for some different reasons.But should high school students
have physical education？The answer is certainly “yes”.
Today many people don’t do sports.But as is known to all， doing
sports is very important for an adult.Teaching teens the importance of a
healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise
in the first place as an adult.
High school isn’t that easy.Many students are under a lot of
stress.Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life.Doing sports
can help them deal with stress better， helping them live a happier life at
school.
The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens
suffer from obesity （肥胖）.Teens should get 60 minutes of physical
activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get
stronger.The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around，
such as computer games， means many teens don’t get their required
exercise.PE classes act as a public health measure to encourage physical
activities and help teens have healthy weights.
Not doing sports increases teens’ hazard of developing many
diseases.An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these
health problems.As much as 75 per cent of healthcare spending goes
toward treating medical conditions that can be prevented by lifestyle
changes， according to the American College of Sports Medicine.
According to the President’s Council on Sports， Fitness &
Nutrition （PCSFN）， students who performed five hours of physical
activities each week improved their academic （学业的）
performance.Students from programs with no physical activity， who
used the extra time for classroom study， did not perform better on tests
than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接
受体育教育。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了为什么高中生应该接
受体育教育。
1. According to Paragraph 2， what does physical education in high
school mean？（ ）
A. Making teens attach importance to exercise later.
B. Removing the stress faced by teens at school.
C. Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise.
D. Helping teens learn to make good plans.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Teaching teens the
importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help
teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.可知，高中体育教育意
味着让青少年重视以后的锻炼。
2. What does the underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 5 mean？
（ ）
A. Happiness. B. Risk.
C. Safety. D. Sadness.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的An active lifestyle offers a
good way of protection from these health problems.可知，不运动会增
加青少年患多种疾病的风险。因此hazard意思是“危险，风险”。
3. What can we know from the last paragraph？（ ）
A. Doing sport means making students choose between sports and studies.
B. Doing sport helps students make good use of all their time.
C. Doing sport means students adjust to their studies better.
D. Doing sport helps students do better in their studies.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Students from programs
with no physical activity， who used the extra time for classroom
study， did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some
study time in support of physical education.可推断出，PCFSN认为，
做运动帮助学生在学习上做得更好。
4. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. Why high school students should receive physical education.
B. Why some schools consider physical education important.
C. How schools can help students love doing sports.
D. How high school students can live a better life.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的But should high school
students have physical education？The answer is certainly “yes”. 可
知，本文主要讲了为什么高中生应该接受体育教育。
B
Power walking， also referred to as speed walking， is an aerobic
（有氧的） activity that can be done just about anywhere or anytime.An
individual who participates in the activity travels at a pace that is faster
than walking but slower than jogging.
A proper technique for power walking includes taking small but quick
pace and landing on the heels， with toes aimed at a 45-degree angle from
the ground.Speed is produced by flexibility （柔韧性）， not long
pace.With each step， the walker rolls his or her feet forward and thrusts
（猛推） from the toes to start a new step.This thrust gives a walker more
force and power.With each step， the walker keeps his or her arms bent at
a 90-degree angle while keeping a closed fist and making a curved move
from the waist to the chest.The walker repeats the move while allowing
his or her arms to swing， which helps to keep a light pace and uses more
calories.
The activity provides many benefits for walkers.Power walking helps
build up muscles and burn calories.It can also help to control an
individual’s weight and can enhance the immune system.It improves
physical fitness， which may help lower the risk of injury； it also lowers
stress levels， and can help provide a comfortable night’s sleep.Power
walking can also improve the cardiovascular （心血管的） system.
Before beginning the activity， an individual should check with his
or her doctor.A walker should also make sure he or she has comfortable
fitting shoes before engaging in walking.Shoes that are light and flexible
can prevent soreness and tingling （刺痛） in the feet and toes.A
beginner will often walk up to 30 minutes， while a person more advanced
in the technique can engage in the activity for up to an hour.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了什么是疾走、疾
走的好处以及参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了什么是疾走、疾
走的好处以及参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。
5. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. To offer some questions.
B. To provide some examples.
C. To explain what power walking is.
D. To make a comparison with jogging.
解析： 目的意图题。第一段作者主要介绍了疾走是一项什么样
的运动。
6. Which of the following is mentioned in the text？（ ）
A. Landing on the toes first.
B. Keeping the whole body relaxed.
C. Walking with small but fast steps.
D. Keeping his or her arms bent at a 45-degree angle.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，C项符合题意，
文中的small but quick pace表示“小而快的步伐”，与C项中的
small but fast steps同义。
7. What can we learn about power walking according to the text？
（ ）
A. Anyone can do the sport.
B. It can benefit body and mind.
C. There is no time limit when doing power walking.
D. Sports shoes are a must when doing power walking.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，疾走不仅对我们的
身体有益，在精神方面也可以帮助我们减压并有益于睡眠。
8. From which is the text probably taken？（ ）
A. A health magazine.
B. A travel brochure.
C. A biology textbook.
D. An advertisement column.
解析： 文章出处题。本文主要介绍疾走这项运动并说明疾走对
我们的身体很有好处，在身心方面能让我们更加健康。文章最后还
给读者一些关于参加疾走健身活动的注意事项。综上所述，本文最
可能出现在健康杂志上面。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Mae ran into Jon before he could run away.Jon fell and Mae piled on
top of him.It was a perfect tackle （擒抱摔倒） for a rugby （英式橄榄
球） game.I 9 .
While they were in the 10 for the rugby ball， another player
attacked Mae and she fell.The cheer was stuck in my throat.After a few
moments， Mae got up and 11 the game and the game went well.I
felt a sense of 12 .
When Mae， my 13-year-old daughter， first asked if she could play
rugby， I was terrified. 13 ， I did not like the sport because the game
was violent （暴力的） and it had the most 14 of all school sports.
However， Mae wanted to play rugby so much that she kept asking
for my permission whenever I said no.Mae was 15 and full of
confidence.She was strong and 16 for her age at 170 cm.If she were
to 17 till she turned fifteen， the boys would 18 over her and be
stronger than her.She argued that it might be the only 19 for her to do
well in this sport.
Touched by her determination， I 20 finally.I watched all her
matches.I hoped that my 21 at her games would encourage her.I
was 22 of her for not giving up the sport.
She loved the sport 23 there were so many challenges.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从一位父亲的视角，讲述了他
的女儿Mae非常有决心和毅力，一直坚持从事英式橄榄球并改变了作
者态度的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从一位父亲的视角，讲述了他
的女儿Mae非常有决心和毅力，一直坚持从事英式橄榄球并改变了作
者态度的故事。
9. A. whispered B. cheered
C. complained D. regretted
解析： 根据上文It was a perfect tackle （擒抱摔倒） for a rugby
（英式橄榄球） game.可知，作者看到后欢呼。
10. A. group B. name
C. charge D. struggle
解析： 根据下文another player attacked Mae and she fell可知，
当他们在争夺橄榄球时，另一个球员袭击了Mae，她摔倒了。
11. A. began B. finished
C. continued D. paused
解析： 根据上文Mae got up和下文the game went well可知，
Mae站起来继续比赛，比赛进行得很顺利。
12. A. relief B. humor
C. responsibility D. failure
解析： 比赛进行得很顺利，所以作者感到如释重负。
13. A. Additionally B. Personally
C. Luckily D. Sadly
解析： 根据下文I did not like the sport可知，作者个人不喜欢这
项运动，空处意为“就我个人而言”。
14. A. failures B. growth
C. successes D. injuries
解析： 根据上文the game was violent可知，比赛很暴力，而且
在所有学校运动中受伤人数最多。
15. A. amazed B. determined
C. excited D. confused
解析： 根据下文full of confidence可知，Mae很坚定，充满
信心。
16. A. clever B. suitable
C. tall D. unique
解析：C 根据下文at 170 cm可知，就她的年龄来说，她很高。
17. A. wait B. organize
C. injure D. change
解析： 根据生物学知识可知，如果等到15岁，男孩子们就会
比她高，比她强壮。
18. A. turn B. watch C. get D. tower
解析： 参见上题解析。
19. A. chance B. advice
C. balance D. space
解析： 因为等到15岁时，男孩子就会比她高且强壮，所以她
认为这可能是她在这项运动中取得好成绩的唯一机会。
20. A. gave up B. gave out
C. gave in D. gave away
解析： 根据上文Touched by her determination可知，被她的决
心所感动，作者最终屈服了。
21. A. absence B. patience
C. presence D. confidence
解析： 根据上文I watched all her matches.可知，作者希望他去
看女儿的比赛能鼓励女儿，空处意为“出席”。
22. A. proud B. ashamed
C. afraid D. tired
解析： 根据下文for not giving up the sport可知，作者为她没有
放弃这项运动而感到骄傲。
23. A. unless B. although C. if D. when
解析： 上下文为让步转折关系，应用although引导让步状
语从句。
Ⅲ.语法填空
When it comes to exercise， less is not more — but it’s certainly
better than none.Physical inactivity makes up nearly 23 per cent of all
24. （death） from major chronic （慢性的） diseases，
yet almost one of every three Americans spend a lot of time sitting
down.They usually say they have no free time 25. physical
activity at all.
Light activity can improve physical and mental well-being.While
light activity is good， moderate （适度的） activity is even
26. （good）.And you don’t have to head to a gym.As
recent studies have suggested， “lifestyle” activities， such as
walking， house cleaning and gardening， are as 27.
（effect） as a structured exercise program in improving heart function
（功能）， lowering blood pressure 28. keeping or losing
weight.
In one study， overweight， sedentary （久坐的） middle-aged men
and women 29. learned behavioral skills to make them
more physically active， such as walking around airports or train stations
while waiting for a departure， 30. （reduce） their body
fat percentage and improved their blood pressure and heart function as
much as individuals （个人） working out at a 31. （fit）
center.
There are different types of activities in a center， 32.
people do aerobic and muscle exercises to build up their health.But
actually multiple short periods of exercise during the day
33. （be） nearly as beneficial as one long session.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，久坐会提高患病的概
率，因此专家建议人们每天都要做一些运动，最好每天有不少于30
分钟的适度运动。
24. deaths 考查名词的单复数。分析句子成分可知，空处作宾语，
应用名词。death表示“死亡人数”时通常为复数。故填deaths。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，久坐会提高患病的概
率，因此专家建议人们每天都要做一些运动，最好每天有不少于30
分钟的适度运动。
25. for 考查介词。have no free time for sth没有空闲时间做某事，故
填for。
26. better 考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的even可知，空处应为比
较级，故填better。
27. effective 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用形容词作表
语，在“as ...as ...”结构中，应用形容词原级。故填effective。
28. and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的improving heart
function（功能）， lowering blood pressure与空后的keeping or losing
weight为并列关系，结合句意可知，这些都是锻炼的好处。故填and。
29. who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从
句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指的是人。故填who/that。
30. reduced 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，此处应为句子的
谓语，根据and可知，此空与空后的improved 为并列关系，所以使用
一般过去时态。故填reduced。
31. fitness 考查名词。fitness center意为“健身中心”。故填fitness。
32. where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定
语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，所以使用关系副词。故填where。
33. are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，此处应为
谓语动词，句子主语是multiple short periods，为复数，根据上文中的
are可知，该处应用一般现在时，故填are。
谢谢观看！
