UNIT 6 Earth first
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.It is best to check the temperature of the water before （潜水） headfirst.
2.The fast food industry selfishly （把……作为目标） children， making them obese after eating too much high-calorie food.
3.A （鲨鱼） is a large sea fish with very sharp teeth and a pointed fin on its back.
4.She was s to go into the yard because a big dog was in it.
5.Not only setting clear goals but also having a positive a is a must for anyone who wants to achieve success.
维度二：词形转换
1.The conservation organization aims to preserve the endangered species from （extinct）.
2.I used to oversleep in the morning. （fortunate）， my roommates always woke me up in time.
3.He was （scare） that his mother would leave him alone at home in the evening.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Tina （把她的宠物狗Lucky看作） her best friend.Whenever she feels lonely， Lucky is always with her.
2. （由于） people’s hunting， the number of pangolin has decreased rapidly.
3.Sleeping too little （对我们的健康有不好的影响），which can make it hard for us to concentrate on what we’re doing.
4.I agree with most of what my mother said about the plan， but I （并不完全赞同她）.
5.He， （而不是） his competitor， won the National Game in the end.
6.I don’t think we can manage it that way； I think it should go on （相反的情况）.
7.It is reported that over 1，000 sharks （被切去鳍） last year.
8.Beckham school will （面向） boys and girls of all levels aged between 8 and 15.
9.When I got home from work， I （看见爷爷正在花园里干活）.
10. （他正在写一篇报道这时） his cousin came to visit him.
维度四：课文语法填空
The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a dark sea 1. （attack） by a great white shark and finally was killed by it， which made people consider the great white shark as 2. dangerous animal.
Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea.To make things 3. （bad）， other people started fishing for sharks， 4. （kill） as many as they could.As a result， the number of large sharks around America fell quickly.5. （fin） is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and 6. （painful）.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
In 1980， Peter Benchley， the man 7. wrote the book the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful sight.The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning.He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than the other way round.From that day on， he fought 8. （protect） sharks.9. （expert） have proved that sharks do not see people as food， and they attack us just by mistake.Only a few people are killed by sharks every year.
Fortunately， some people began to protect sharks.Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them 10. extinction.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A compost （堆肥） program at the Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth grade students to teach them ways to solve human-driven climate change. For the past year， 5，200 pounds of food waste from the school has gone into compost containers rather than a landfill where it would just break down and produce planet-warming gases.
The school workers could have easily thrown the food waste into a city-provided green bin （垃圾箱）. “But taking it out of sight， which would have been easier， would have missed the point，” says science teacher Johnna Hampton. “When it’s invisible like that， they don’t see it， but they know it doesn’t sink in （心安） .”
When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile， it sank in. “That’s my orange chicken in there，” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is my food.”
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home， and whatever is left will be donated.
Fifth grader Sloan felt so encouraged by the school’s compost program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders， Sloan says， “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200， and we donated it.” They also helped create a petition （请愿） to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.
Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps these planet， instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed，” he says.
Jennifer Silverstein， an expert on climate， says the school’s compost program checks a lot of these boxes for effective， positive climate education to help youth understand the crisis of human-caused climate change.
1.What is the purpose of the compost program？（ ）
A.To prevent wasting food.
B.To deal with climate change.
C.To raise money for the school.
D.To keep friendship among kids.
2.How did the school deal with the food waste before？（ ）
A.By selling to families as compost.
B.By putting into compost containers.
C.By turning into new food again.
D.By throwing into dustbins.
3.How has the program affected Sloan？（ ）
A.She has taken climate action.
B.She has gained a sense of achievement.
C.She has got a part-time job in the school.
D.She has developed a new way to donate.
4.What can we learn about the program from the last two paragraphs？（ ）
A.It is well received.
B.It is highly profitable.
C.It needs to be more effective.
D.It takes time to watch the result.
B
In the past few weeks， Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017， the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth.Food.Love in Tones， Devon， with his wife， Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store — the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in — people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before，” he says.
Recently， the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales， Birmingham， and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year， which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland， founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”， says， “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute， and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.
5.What is special about Earth. Food. Love？（ ）
A.It gives away boxes of food.
B.It is a store without plastic bags.
C.It has few new customers.
D.It is the UK’s first supermarket.
6.What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place？（ ）
A.Its popularity. B.Its products.
C.Its profits. D.Its similarity.
7.What does the underlined word “contamination” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Pollution. B.Acceptance.
C.Influence. D.Application.
8.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements.
B.Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns.
C.A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK.
D.Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention.
C
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City， Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.
The project contains five parts： a 129-km road encircling the entire lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically completed.A 12-km section of the corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City are the main source of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor.More migratory birds （候鸟） fly to the lake and there is less algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
9.Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（ ）
A.To treat wastewater.
B.To protect wildlife.
C.To attract more tourists.
D.To preserve local ecology.
10.Which of the following is involved in the project？（ ）
A.Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B.Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C.Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D.Promoting construction in the protection area.
11.What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（ ）
A.They focus on the pearl industry.
B.They provide tourism opportunities.
C.They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D.They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
12.What do staff members think of the project？（ ）
A.It needs improving.
B.It works unexpectedly.
C.It turns out to be good.
D.It has advantages and disadvantages.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Used clothing that you no longer wear can be donated to charities. And clothing with broken zippers or missing buttons can be repaired and worn again. But what do you do when your favorite shirt is too torn to wear or your socks have too many holes？
Every year in the UK， 336，000 tons of unwanted old clothing and shoes are thrown out and sent to landfills， according to Recycle Now. 13.（ ） So， instead of throwing away these old clothes， try one of these eco-friendly ways to give them a second chance.
One of the best ways to deal with unwanted clothing is to make it into something completely different. You can use pieces of old cloth as filling for pillows.14.（ ）
Another very good way to reuse old textiles （纺织品） made of cotton like T-shirts is to cut the clothing up and use it as cleaning cloths around your home.15.（ ） And they are greener than using microfiber cleaning towels that drop fibers when washed.
Besides， animal shelters are always looking for used towels and blankets to keep their animals warm. 16.（ ） And while you are throwing away your textiles， remember that shelters could use donations of unopened pet food and things too.
17.（ ） Green Life is one of them. For a small fee， Green Life will ship you a bag that can be filled with up to 25 pounds of used clothing and sent to the company for reuse. When the bag is received， the sender receives a small amount of money to be used on the company’s website. Everything Green Life sells is made of recycled fibers.
A.You can bring your clothing to Green Life.
B.Or you can turn something you like into a doll.
C.So you can donate your unwanted clothing to such places.
D.Some clothing companies have their own recycling services.
E.The cleaning cloths can be washed and reused， unlike paper towels.
F.Check to see whether certain items you are throwing out can be donated.
G.This leads to greenhouse gases and allows chemicals to get into the soil.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.diving 2.targets 3.shark 4.scared 5.attitude
维度二
1.extinction 2.Fortunately 3.scared
维度三
1.sees her pet dog Lucky as
2.Due to
3.has a bad effect upon/on our health
4.don’t agree with everything
5.rather than
6.the other way round
7.were finned
8.be targeted at
9.saw my grandpa working in the garden
10.He was writing a report when
维度四
1.was attacked 2.a 3.worse 4.killing 5.Finning
6.painfully 7.who/that 8.to protect 9.Experts 10.from
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶卫斯理学校的一个堆肥项目正在帮助从幼儿园到八年级的学生，教授他们解决人为造成的气候变化的方法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，堆肥计划的目的是教会学生们应对气候变化。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，以前学校处理食物垃圾的办法就是丢进城市提供的绿色垃圾桶里。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Sloan决定在校外采取行动来应对气候变化。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，学校的学生和气候专家都认为这个项目非常好，能够帮助年轻人了解人类造成的气候变化危机以及采取自己力所能及的行动来应对气候变化。由此可推知，这个项目很受欢迎。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的It’s the UK’s first ... their own containers.可知，Earth. Food. Love的特别之处在于它是一家没有塑料袋的商店。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这家店的受欢迎程度让卡尔迪罗尼的店搬到了一个更大的地方。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，塑料污染范围如此之广，以至于世界各地的自来水也含有塑料。故画线词意为“污染”。
8.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。由此可知，本文的主要内容是反塑料运动的兴起以及对环境问题的日益关注。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工程。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生态廊道的目的是保护当地生态系统。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，开展湿地恢复研究包含在该项目中。
11.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了更好的交通条件以及发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。
12.C 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，在廊道的建设过程中，洱海的水质及生态都有了改善，同时，廊道也成为当地居民以及外地游客进行锻炼、观光的好去处。由此推知，工作人员认为该项目被证明很好。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些对于旧衣服和鞋子的环保处理方法。
13.G 根据空前一句可知，在英国，每年有336，000吨不想要的旧衣服和鞋子被扔掉并送往垃圾填埋场。G项（这会导致温室气体，并允许化学物质进入土壤）符合语境。
14.B 空前一句说明了旧布的用途。B项（或者你可以把你喜欢的东西变成一个洋娃娃）符合语境。
15.E 空前一句讲述了旧衣服做清洁布的好处。E项（与纸巾不同，清洁布可以清洗和重复使用）符合语境。
16.C 空前一句讲述了旧毛巾和毯子在动物收容所中的用处。C项（所以你可以把你不需要的衣服捐给这些地方）符合语境。
17.D 根据下文可知，Green Life是一家回收服务公司。D项（一些服装公司有自己的回收服务）符合语境，与下文为例证关系。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
SHARKS： DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED？
We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.Suddenly， she is pulled underwater①.She surfaces②， cries in fear， then disappears forever.This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws， [1]showing a shark attack.It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.Jaws was a great success， attracting huge audiences and winning many awards.It strengthened people’s long-held③ idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
[1]动词-ing短语作定语，可改写为定语从句which shows a shark attack。
People have always been scared④ of sharks， but Jaws [2]made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great white shark.[3]Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.Some people stopped swimming in the sea， [4]afraid of the horrible creature from the film.Other people started fishing for sharks， [5]killing as many as they could.At that time， nobody cared if sharks were killed， or how many were killed.People just wanted them killed.
[2]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词worse在此作宾语补足语。
[3]此处who saw the film为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Many people；that sharks ...ate humans为that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语；宾语从句中的that ate humans为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bad animals。
[4]形容词短语作原因状语。
[5]动词-ing短语作状语，其中as many as they could是“as ...as ...”结构，表示“尽可能多的”。
After 1975，the number of large sharks around America fell quickly， and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to⑤ fear of sharks， but also finning⑥.Finning is a type of fishing [6]where sharks are caught and their fins cut off⑦.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
[6]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a type of fishing；cut off前省略了are。
Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley， [7]the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.In 1980， Benchley was diving⑧ when he came across an awful sight.It was an area where fishermen were finning， and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.Benchley [8]saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than⑨ the other way round⑩.From that day on， he fought to protect sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.“Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.[9]Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food， and they attack us by mistake .Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.
[7]此处为Peter Benchley的同位语，其中who ...based on 为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the man；该定语从句中又包含一个省略了关系词的定语从句the film Jaws was based on，该定语从句修饰先行词the book。
[8]此处为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，being killed在此作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的被动动作。
[9]此处为and连接的并列句。第一个分句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作proved的宾语。
Fortunately ，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them from extinction .
【读文清障】
①underwater adv.在水面下
②surface vi.升到水面，浮出水面
③long-held adj.长期持有的
④scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬
⑤due to 由于，因为
⑥fin v.切去（鱼的）鳍
n.鱼鳍
⑦cut off切掉；被隔绝；切断（供给）；中断
⑧dive v.（通常指使用呼吸设备的）潜水
go diving去潜水
diver n.（通常指有专用装备的）潜水员
⑨rather than而不是
⑩the other way round相反的情况；颠倒过来，反过来
target v.把……作为目标
by mistake 错误地，无意中
[近义词组]by chance
偶然，意外地
[反义词组]on purpose
故意地；有意地
fortunately adv.幸运地
[近义]luckily adv.幸运地
extinction n.灭绝，绝种
be threatened with
extinction/in danger of
extinction 面临灭绝的威胁/有灭绝的危险
extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的
【参考译文】
鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？
我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么东西拖到了水下。她挣扎着露出水面，发出惊恐的尖叫声，然后就彻底消失了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开场画面，呈现了鲨鱼攻击人类的一幕。电影讲述了一只大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。电影大获成功，吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。这部电影也加深了人们对大白鲨的固有印象：这是一种危险的动物。
人们本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象，让人们对鲨鱼，特别是大白鲨，心生恐惧。许多看过这部电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人则开始无所顾忌地捕杀鲨鱼。当时，没人在意鲨鱼是否被杀，也没人在意杀了多少。人们认为鲨鱼死有余辜。
1975年之后，在美国附近海域里，大型鲨鱼的数量迅速下降，这一趋势很快蔓延到全球。这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下，鲨鱼被扔回海中缓慢而痛苦地死去，割下的鱼鳍用来做鱼翅汤。每年有数百万的鲨鱼因此丧命。
鱼鳍采割活动对《大白鲨》电影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利产生了出乎意料的影响。1980年，本奇利正在潜水，这时他看到了可怕的一幕：渔民们正在这片海域采割鲨鱼的鱼鳍，海底遍布着鲨鱼的尸体。本奇利亲眼目睹鲨鱼被杀，这引起了他内心的深刻转变。他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。从那天起，他开始为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认自己书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是不正确的。“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标，”他说。专家们也已经证明鲨鱼不会将人类视为食物，它们对人类的攻击都是无意的。每年因鲨鱼攻击致死的人数仅六人左右。
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What do we know about the 1975 film Jaws？ （ ）
A.It was a film based on a real story.
B.It made people more scared of sharks.
C.It raised people’s awareness of protecting sharks.
D.It made the great sharks world-famous overnight.
2.What’s most people’s attitude towards sharks after watching Jaws？（ ）
A.Wanting them killed.
B.Getting their fins.
C.Making delicious food with them.
D.Avoiding watching them in the sea.
3.How did Peter Benchley feel after diving in 1980？ （ ）
A.Sharks shouldn’t see people as food.
B.Sharks ate too many people each year.
C.People were in fact a danger to sharks.
D.Laws should be made to stop people swimming in the sea.
4.How does the author feel about the future of the sharks？（ ）
A.Worried. B.Pessimistic.
C.Unconcerned. D.Optimistic.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.Are there any endangered animals in your country？ What are they？
2.What can you do to protect them？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.
句式分析 本句为复合句。 who saw the film为who引导的 从句，修饰先行词Many people；that sharks ...ate humans为that引导的 从句，该从句中的that ate humans为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词bad animals。
自主翻译
2.Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.
句式分析 本句为复合句。the man为Peter Benchley的 语，其中who ...based on 为who引导的 从句，修饰先行词the man；该从句中又包含一个省略了关系词的 从句the film Jaws was based on，该从句修饰先行词the book。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬
【教材原句】 People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws made things worse.
人们本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象。
【用法】
（1）scare sb away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退
scare sb into （doing） sth威胁/恐吓某人（做）某事
（2）scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
害怕做某事
（be） scared to death 吓得要死
【佳句】 I was nearly scared to death when hearing that big noise.
听到那巨大的响声，我几乎被吓死。
【联想】 表示“害怕”的其他短语还有be frightened of 和be afraid of。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At first， John was scared planes， but now， flying to other countries on business is his main business.
②The frightened look on her face told us the girl was （scare） to death.
③It was the dog that scared the thief .
【写美】 补全句子
④In our whole lives， we always want to follow the path that others suggest because we .
在我们的一生中，我们总是想遵循别人建议的道路，因为我们害怕失败。
due to由于，因为
【教材原句】 This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning.
这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。
【用法】
due adj. 应给予的，应支付的，应归还的；预定的，预计的，预期的
be due to sb 应付给某人，应给予某人（to为介词）
be due to do sth 预计做某事，预定做某事
【佳句】 Due to these problems， we hope to get your help at your convenience.
由于这些问题，我们希望在您方便的时候得到您的帮助。
【生义】 My essay is due next Friday and I often work long into the night.
我的论文下周五要交，我经常工作到深夜。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Due her latest discovery， she has been confirmed as one of the leading female scientists in physics so far.
②Any money that is due you will be paid before the end of the month.
③The English version of the novel is due to （publish） next year.
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， my English scores are always on the top of my class.
由于您的帮助，我的英语成绩总是在班里名列前茅。（感谢信）
cut off切断；中断；隔绝
【教材原句】 Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下。
【用法】
cut down 削减；删节；砍伐
cut out 切去；删除；停止（做某事）
cut up 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿过；穿透
cut in （on sb/sth） 打断（谈话）；插嘴
cut across 抄近路；走捷径
cut back on 削减，缩减
【佳句】 The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
由于大雪，这个城镇与外界隔绝了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The trees were cut ， which resulted in the area being buried by sand.
②She kept cutting on our conversation，which made us very angry.
③Cut the carrots before you put them into the pot.
【写美】 补全句子
④Don’t hesitate in your passage.
删掉你文章中那些无用的信息时别犹豫。
rather than而不是
【教材原句】 He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than the other way round.
他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。
【用法】
（1）rather than连接两个并列结构，如名词、代词、形容词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式等，所连接的两个结构的形式应保持一致。（2）rather than连接两个动词不定式时，后一个常省略 to，当rather than 置于句首时，后常跟不带to的动词不定式。
（3） rather than连接的两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的结构在人称和数上保持一致。
【佳句】 It was the twins rather than their father that were taking the breakfast upstairs.
送早餐上楼的是这对双胞胎，而不是他们的父亲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The truth is that the passers-by， rather than the driver， （be） to blame for the accident.
②He decided to study further rather than （work）.
③Rather than （stay） here， I prefer to leave for another city.
【写美】 补全句子
④Facing up to your problems bravely is the best approach to working things out.
勇敢面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最佳方法。（建议信）
target v.把……作为目标 n.[C] 目标；靶；（攻击的）对象
【教材原句】 “Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标，”他说。
【用法】
（1）target ...at/on ... 把……作为……的目标，针对……
（2）target group/users 目标群体/用户
set a target 制定目标
meet/achieve a target 完成目标
hit/miss the target 中靶/脱靶
【佳句】 My target is to prepare myself for getting a degree in biology.
我的目标是为取得生物学学位做好准备。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This TV show about wildlife is mainly targeted the factories which have been polluting the environment.
② （hit） the target in the forest far from here，you have to aim at it.
【写美】 补全句子
③I am sure you can by practicing every day.
我相信通过每天练习你能实现你的目标。
fortunately adv.幸运地
【教材原句】 Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks ...
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼……
【用法】
（1）fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的
be fortunate to do/（in） doing sth 做某事很幸运
It is fortunate （for sb） to do/that ...（对某人来说）做……是幸运的
（2）fortune n. 运气；命运；财富，财产
make a fortune 发财，赚钱
try one’s fortune 碰运气
（3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【佳句】 I was late， but fortunately the train hadn’t left.
我迟到了，不过幸运的是，火车还没有开走。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When he went abroad to try his （fortunate）， he gained great wealth.
②Last year， he went to Beijing and soon made big fortune.
【写美】 一句多译
③就我而言，我很幸运有这样一位好老师。
→As far as I’m concerned， I such a good teacher.
→As fas as I’m concerned， I have such a good teacher.
→As far as I’m concerned， such a good teacher.
attitude n.（尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般）看法，态度
【教材原句】 Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.
用文章中的单词和词组来完成下面的表格，该表格说明了（人们）对鲨鱼态度的变化。
【用法】
an attitude towards/to ...对……的态度/看法
have/take/adopt a（n） ...attitude towards/to ... 对……持……的态度
an attitude of mind 心态
【佳句】 As the saying goes， attitude determines altitude.Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it.俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It was his optimistic attitude life and hard work that finally led him to his success.
②His attitude to （protect） the wild animals is very firm.
【写美】 补全句子
③I dislike him because he always the people around him.
我不喜欢他，因为他对周围的人总是态度不好。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of the horrible creature from the film.由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
【用法】
（1）句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作原因状语，相当于because some people were afraid of the horrible creature from the film。
（2）形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随等，用于说明主语的状态等；可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号将其与句子其他成分隔开。
【品悟】 Cold， hungry and alone， I looked at the garden， wondering about my future here.
我又冷又饿，孤身一人，望着那个花园，思索着我在这里的未来。
【点津】 形容词（短语）作状语时常用来说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
I overslept this morning.Luckily， the bus was late and I went to school on time.
今天早晨我睡过头了。幸运的是，公交车晚点了，我才按时去上学。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①由于抽不出时间，我不得不放弃这个计划。
， I had to give up the plan.
②他回到家里，又饿又累。
He arrived home， .
③这些苹果成熟时是很甜的。
， these apples are very sweet.
④他性格活泼又随和，跟所有同学都相处得很好。
， he gets on well with all of his classmates.
⑤She suddenly appeared in front of me and seemed happy and satisfied.
→ ， she suddenly appeared in front of me.（形容词短语作状语）
⑥Mary’s father was surprised and happy， and he began to shout at his wife and daughter.
→ ， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife and daughter. （形容词短语作状语）
句型公式：部分否定
【教材原句】 Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。
【用法】
（1）该句是表示部分否定的句型。not everyone ...＝everyone ...not ...，意为“并非每个人都……”。
（2）当not与all， both， everyone， everybody， everything以及“every＋名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
（3） 英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
【品悟】 Not everything is as good as you expect.
并非所有的事情都如你所期望的那样美好。
【写美】 微写作
①我同意你所说的大部分内容，也就是说，我并非同意所有内容。
I agree with most of what you said， that’s to say， I .
②会议将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切日期。
The meeting will be held in September， but .
③不是所有程序员在这个问题上都认同我的观点。
agree with me on this matter.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.frightened of 2.stopped swimming 3.fell quickly
4.misunderstanding
第二步
1－4 BACD
第三步
（1）People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great white shark.
（2）Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.
第四步
1.Yes.Tibetan antelopes， white-flag dolphins， Chinese alligators， and so on.
2.We can set up nature reserves for the endangered animals.We can pass some laws to punish hunters.
第五步
1.定语 宾语 定语
许多看过这部电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。
2.同位 定语 定语
鱼鳍采割活动对《大白鲨》电影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利产生了出乎意料的影响。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①of ②scared ③away/off ④are scared to fail
2.①to ②to ③be published ④Due to your help
3.①down ②in ③up ④to cut out the useless information
4.①are ②work ③stay
④rather than running away from them
5.①at/on ②To hit ③meet/achieve your target
6.①fortune ②a ③am fortunate to have； it is fortunate that； it is fortunate for me to have
7.①towards/to ②protecting
③has/takes/adopts a bad attitude towards/to
重点句型解构
1.①Unable to afford the time ②hungry and tired ③Ripe
④Lovely and easy-going ⑤Happy and satisfied
⑥Surprised and happy
2.①don’t agree with everything
②nobody knows the exact date ③Not all programmers
9 / 10(共102张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
SHARKS： DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED？
We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.Suddenly， she is
pulled underwater①.She surfaces②， cries in fear， then disappears
forever.This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws， [1]showing
a shark attack.It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills
swimmers.Jaws was a great success， attracting huge audiences and
winning many awards.It strengthened people’s long-held③ idea of the
great white shark as a dangerous animal.
[1]动词-ing短语作定语，可改写为定语从句which shows a shark
attack。
【读文清障】
①underwater adv.在水面下
②surface vi.升到水面，浮出水面
③long-held adj.长期持有的
People have always been scared④ of sharks， but Jaws [2]made
things worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great
white shark.[3]Many people who saw the film started to believe that
sharks were bad animals that ate humans.Some people stopped swimming
in the sea， [4]afraid of the horrible creature from the film.Other people
started fishing for sharks， [5]killing as many as they could.At that
time， nobody cared if sharks were killed， or how many were
killed.People just wanted them killed.
[2]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，形容词worse在
此作宾语补足语。
[3]此处who saw the film为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词
Many people；that sharks ...ate humans为that引导的宾语从句，作
believe的宾语；宾语从句中的that ate humans为that引导的定语从句，
修饰先行词bad animals。
[4]形容词短语作原因状语。
[5]动词-ing短语作状语，其中as many as they could是
“as ...as ...”结构，表示“尽可能多的”。
④scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬
After 1975，the number of large sharks around America fell
quickly， and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to⑤ fear
of sharks， but also finning⑥.Finning is a type of fishing [6]where sharks
are caught and their fins cut off⑦.The sharks are thrown back into the sea
where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin
soup.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
[6]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a type of fishing；cut off前
省略了are。
⑤due to 由于，因为
⑥fin v.切去（鱼的）鳍 n.鱼鳍
⑦cut off切掉；被隔绝；切断（供给）；中断
Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，
[7]the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.In 1980，
Benchley was diving⑧ when he came across an awful sight.It was an area
where fishermen were finning， and the sea floor was covered with dead
sharks.Benchley [8]saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change
in him.He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than⑨ the
other way round⑩.From that day on， he fought to protect sharks.He
admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.“Sharks
don’t target humans，” he said.[9]Experts have proved that sharks
do not see people as food， and they attack us by mistake .Only around
six people are killed by sharks every year.
[7]此处为Peter Benchley的同位语，其中who ...based on 为who
引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the man；该定语从句中又包含一个省
略了关系词的定语从句the film Jaws was based on，该定语从句修饰
先行词the book。
[8]此处为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，being killed在此作
宾语补足语，表示正在进行的被动动作。
[9]此处为and连接的并列句。第一个分句中包含一个that引导的
宾语从句，作proved的宾语。
⑧dive v.（通常指使用呼吸设备的）潜水
go diving去潜水
diver n.（通常指有专用装备的）潜水员
⑨rather than而不是
⑩the other way round相反的情况；颠倒过来，反过来
target v.把……作为目标
by mistake 错误地，无意中
[近义词组]by chance 偶然，意外地
[反义词组]on purpose 故意地；有意地
Fortunately ，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became
afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding
them.Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever
want to protect them from extinction .
fortunately adv.幸运地
[近义]luckily adv.幸运地
extinction n.灭绝，绝种
be threatened with
extinction/in danger of
extinction 面临灭绝的威胁/有灭绝的危险
extinct adj.已灭绝的，绝种的
【参考译文】
鲨鱼：危险动物还是濒危动物？
我们看到一个女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么东
西拖到了水下。她挣扎着露出水面，发出惊恐的尖叫声，然后就彻底
消失了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开场画面，呈现了鲨鱼
攻击人类的一幕。电影讲述了一只大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。
电影大获成功，吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。这部电影也加深
了人们对大白鲨的固有印象：这是一种危险的动物。
人们本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象，让
人们对鲨鱼，特别是大白鲨，心生恐惧。许多看过这部电影的人开始
相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕
生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人则开始无所顾忌地
捕杀鲨鱼。当时，没人在意鲨鱼是否被杀，也没人在意杀了多少。人
们认为鲨鱼死有余辜。
1975年之后，在美国附近海域里，大型鲨鱼的数量迅速下降，这
一趋势很快蔓延到全球。这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为
采割鱼鳍。采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下，
鲨鱼被扔回海中缓慢而痛苦地死去，割下的鱼鳍用来做鱼翅汤。每年
有数百万的鲨鱼因此丧命。
鱼鳍采割活动对《大白鲨》电影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利产生
了出乎意料的影响。1980年，本奇利正在潜水，这时他看到了可怕的
一幕：渔民们正在这片海域采割鲨鱼的鱼鳍，海底遍布着鲨鱼的尸
体。本奇利亲眼目睹鲨鱼被杀，这引起了他内心的深刻转变。他意识
到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。从那天起，他开始
为保护鲨鱼而努力。他承认自己书中对鲨鱼行为的描述是不正确的。
“鲨鱼并不以人类为攻击目标，”他说。专家们也已经证明鲨鱼不会
将人类视为食物，它们对人类的攻击都是无意的。每年因鲨鱼攻击致
死的人数仅六人左右。
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨
鱼——有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼
了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What do we know about the 1975 film Jaws？ （ ）
A. It was a film based on a real story.
B. It made people more scared of sharks.
C. It raised people’s awareness of protecting sharks.
D. It made the great sharks world-famous overnight.
2. What’s most people’s attitude towards sharks after watching Jaws？
（ ）
A. Wanting them killed.
B. Getting their fins.
C. Making delicious food with them.
D. Avoiding watching them in the sea.
3. How did Peter Benchley feel after diving in 1980？ （ ）
A. Sharks shouldn’t see people as food.
B. Sharks ate too many people each year.
C. People were in fact a danger to sharks.
D. Laws should be made to stop people swimming in the sea.
4. How does the author feel about the future of the sharks？（ ）
A. Worried. B. Pessimistic.
C. Unconcerned. D. Optimistic.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
（1）People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things
worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great white
shark.
（2）Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became
afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. Are there any endangered animals in your country？ What are they？
2. What can you do to protect them？
Yes.Tibetan antelopes， white-flag dolphins， Chinese alligators，
and so on.
We can set up nature reserves for the endangered animals.We can pass
some laws to punish hunters.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad
animals that ate humans.
句式分析 本句为复合句。 who saw the film为who引导的
从句，修饰先行词Many people；that sharks ...ate humans为that引
导的 从句，该从句中的that ate humans为that引导的
从句，修饰先行词bad animals。
自主翻译
定语
宾语
定
语
许多看过这部电影的人开始相信，鲨鱼是吃人的有害
动物。
2. Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the
man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.
句式分析 本句为复合句。the man为Peter Benchley的 语，
其中who ...based on 为who引导的 从句，修饰先行词the
man；该从句中又包含一个省略了关系词的 从句the film
Jaws was based on，该从句修饰先行词the book。
自主翻译
同位
定语
定语
鱼鳍采割活动对《大白鲨》电影的原著作者——彼
得·本奇利产生了出乎意料的影响。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬
【教材原句】 People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws
made things worse.
人们本就害怕鲨鱼，而电影《大白鲨》加深了这种恶劣印象。
【用法】
（1）scare sb away/off 把某人吓跑/吓退
scare sb into （doing） sth 威胁/恐吓某人（做）某事
（2）scared adj. 恐惧的；害怕的
害怕做某事
（be） scared to death 吓得要死
【佳句】 I was nearly scared to death when hearing that big noise.听
到那巨大的响声，我几乎被吓死。
【联想】 表示“害怕”的其他短语还有be frightened of 和be afraid
of。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①At first， John was scared planes， but now， flying to other
countries on business is his main business.
②The frightened look on her face told us the girl was
（scare） to death.
③It was the dog that scared the thief .
of
scared
away/off
【写美】 补全句子
④In our whole lives， we always want to follow the path that others
suggest because we .
在我们的一生中，我们总是想遵循别人建议的道路，因为我们害
怕失败。
are scared to fail
due to由于，因为
【教材原句】 This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also
finning.
这不仅仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为采割鱼鳍。
【用法】
due adj. 应给予的，应支付的，应归还的；预定的，预计的，预
期的
be due to sb 应付给某人，应给予某人（to为介词）
be due to do sth 预计做某事，预定做某事
【佳句】 Due to these problems， we hope to get your help at your
convenience.
由于这些问题，我们希望在您方便的时候得到您的帮助。
【生义】 My essay is due next Friday and I often work long into the
night.
我的论文下周五要交，我经常工作到深夜。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Due her latest discovery， she has been confirmed as one of the
leading female scientists in physics so far.
②Any money that is due you will be paid before the end of the
month.
③The English version of the novel is due to （publish）
next year.
to
to
be published
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， my English scores are always on the top of my
class.
由于您的帮助，我的英语成绩总是在班里名列前茅。（感谢信）
Due to your help
cut off切断；中断；隔绝
【教材原句】 Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and
their fins cut off.
采割鱼鳍是一种渔猎活动，人们捕到鲨鱼后将鱼鳍割下。
【用法】
cut down 削减；删节；砍伐
cut out 切去；删除；停止（做某事）
cut up 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿过；穿透
cut in （on sb/sth） 打断（谈话）；插嘴
cut across 抄近路；走捷径
cut back on 削减，缩减
【佳句】 The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy
snow.
由于大雪，这个城镇与外界隔绝了。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The trees were cut ， which resulted in the area being buried
by sand.
②She kept cutting on our conversation，which made us very
angry.
③Cut the carrots before you put them into the pot.
down
in
up
【写美】 补全句子
④Don’t hesitate in your passage.
删掉你文章中那些无用的信息时别犹豫。
to cut out the useless information
rather than而不是
【教材原句】 He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather
than the other way round.
他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。
【用法】
（1）rather than连接两个并列结构，如名词、代词、形容词、动
词-ing形式、动词不定式等，所连接的两个结构的形式应保
持一致。
（2）rather than连接两个动词不定式时，后一个常省略 to，当rather
than 置于句首时，后常跟不带to的动词不定式。
（3） rather than连接的两个并列结构作主语时，谓语动词应与rather
than 前面的结构在人称和数上保持一致。
【佳句】 It was the twins rather than their father that were taking the
breakfast upstairs.
送早餐上楼的是这对双胞胎，而不是他们的父亲。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The truth is that the passers-by， rather than the driver，
（be） to blame for the accident.
②He decided to study further rather than （work）.
③Rather than （stay） here， I prefer to leave for another city.
are
work
stay
【写美】 补全句子
④Facing up to your problems bravely
is the best approach to working things out.
勇敢面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最佳方法。（建
议信）
rather than running away from
them
target v.把……作为目标 n.[C] 目标；靶；（攻击的）对象
【教材原句】 “Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.“鲨鱼并
不以人类为攻击目标，”他说。
【用法】
（1）target ...at/on ... 把……作为……的目标，针对……
（2）target group/users 目标群体/用户
set a target 制定目标
meet/achieve a target 完成目标
hit/miss the target 中靶/脱靶
【佳句】 My target is to prepare myself for getting a degree in biology.
我的目标是为取得生物学学位做好准备。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This TV show about wildlife is mainly targeted the factories
which have been polluting the environment.
② （hit） the target in the forest far from here，you have to
aim at it.
at/on
To hit
【写美】 补全句子
③I am sure you can by practicing every
day.
我相信通过每天练习你能实现你的目标。
meet/achieve your target
fortunately adv.幸运地
【教材原句】 Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws
became afraid of sharks ...
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨
鱼……
【用法】
（1）fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的
be fortunate to do/（in） doing sth 做某事很幸运
It is fortunate （for sb） to do/that ...（对某人来说）做……是幸运的
（2）fortune n. 运气；命运；财富，财产
make a fortune 发财，赚钱
try one’s fortune 碰运气
（3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【佳句】 I was late， but fortunately the train hadn’t left.
我迟到了，不过幸运的是，火车还没有开走。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When he went abroad to try his （fortunate）， he gained great wealth.
②Last year， he went to Beijing and soon made big fortune.
fortune
a
【写美】 一句多译
③就我而言，我很幸运有这样一位好老师。
→As far as I’m concerned， I such a good
teacher.
→As fas as I’m concerned， I have such a good
teacher.
→As far as I’m concerned， such a
good teacher.
am fortunate to have
it is fortunate that
it is fortunate for me to have
attitude n.（尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般）看法，态度
【教材原句】 Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards
sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.用文章
中的单词和词组来完成下面的表格，该表格说明了（人们）对鲨鱼态
度的变化。
【用法】
an attitude towards/to ... 对……的态度/看法
have/take/adopt a（n） ...attitude towards/to ...对……持……的态度
an attitude of mind 心态
【佳句】 As the saying goes， attitude determines altitude.Nothing is
too difficult if you set your mind to it.
俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①It was his optimistic attitude life and hard work that
finally led him to his success.
②His attitude to （protect） the wild animals is very
firm.
towards/to
protecting
【写美】 补全句子
③I dislike him because he always
the people around him.
我不喜欢他，因为他对周围的人总是态度不好。
has/takes/adopts a bad attitude
towards/to
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语
【教材原句】 Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of
the horrible creature from the film.
由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里
游泳了。
【用法】
（1）句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作原
因状语，相当于because some people were afraid of the horrible
creature from the film。
（2）形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随等，用于说
明主语的状态等；可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号将其与
句子其他成分隔开。
【品悟】 Cold， hungry and alone， I looked at the garden，
wondering about my future here.我又冷又饿，孤身一人，望着那
个花园，思索着我在这里的未来。
【点津】 形容词（短语）作状语时常用来说明句子主语的特点或处
于某种状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语
动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
I overslept this morning.Luckily， the bus was late and I went to school
on time.
今天早晨我睡过头了。幸运的是，公交车晚点了，我才按时去上学。
【写美】 微写作/句式升级
①由于抽不出时间，我不得不放弃这个计划。
， I had to give up the plan.
②他回到家里，又饿又累。
He arrived home， .
③这些苹果成熟时是很甜的。
， these apples are very sweet.
④他性格活泼又随和，跟所有同学都相处得很好。
， he gets on well with all of his classmates.
Unable to afford the time
hungry and tired
Ripe
Lovely and easy-going
⑤She suddenly appeared in front of me and seemed happy and satisfied.
→ ， she suddenly appeared in front of me.（形
容词短语作状语）
⑥Mary’s father was surprised and happy， and he began to shout at his
wife and daughter.
→ ， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife
and daughter. （形容词短语作状语）
Happy and satisfied
Surprised and happy
句型公式：部分否定
【教材原句】 Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws
became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding
them.
幸运的是，并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼—
—有些人变得更有兴趣去了解它们。
【用法】
（1）该句是表示部分否定的句型。not everyone ...＝
everyone ...not ...，意为“并非每个人都……”。
（2）当not与all， both， everyone， everybody， everything以及
“every＋名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not在它们之前还
是之后都表示部分否定。
（3） 英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no
one，nowhere等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成
“全部否定”。
【品悟】 Not everything is as good as you expect.
并非所有的事情都如你所期望的那样美好。
【写美】 微写作
①我同意你所说的大部分内容，也就是说，我并非同意所有内容。
I agree with most of what you said， that’s to say， I
.
②会议将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切日期。
The meeting will be held in September， but
.
③不是所有程序员在这个问题上都认同我的观点。
agree with me on this matter.
don’t agree
with everything
nobody knows the exact
date
Not all programmers
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. It is best to check the temperature of the water before （潜
水） headfirst.
2. The fast food industry selfishly （把……作为目标）
children， making them obese after eating too much high-calorie food.
3. A （鲨鱼） is a large sea fish with very sharp teeth and a
pointed fin on its back.
diving
targets
shark
4. She was s to go into the yard because a big dog was in it.
5. Not only setting clear goals but also having a positive a is a
must for anyone who wants to achieve success.
cared
ttitude
维度二：词形转换
1. The conservation organization aims to preserve the endangered species
from （extinct）.
2. I used to oversleep in the morning. （fortunate），
my roommates always woke me up in time.
3. He was （scare） that his mother would leave him alone at
home in the evening.
extinction
Fortunately
scared
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Tina （把她的宠物狗Lucky看作） her
best friend.Whenever she feels lonely， Lucky is always with her.
2. （由于） people’s hunting， the number of pangolin has
decreased rapidly.
3. Sleeping too little （对我们的
健康有不好的影响），which can make it hard for us to concentrate on
what we’re doing.
sees her pet dog Lucky as
Due to
has a bad effect upon/on our health
4. I agree with most of what my mother said about the plan， but
I （并不完全赞同她）.
5. He， （而不是） his competitor， won the National
Game in the end.
6. I don’t think we can manage it that way； I think it should go
on （相反的情况）.
7. It is reported that over 1，000 sharks （被切去鳍）
last year.
8. Beckham school will （面向） boys and girls of all
levels aged between 8 and 15.
don’t agree with everything
rather than
the other way round
were finned
be targeted at
9. When I got home from work， I
（看见爷爷正在花园里干活）.
10. （他正在写一篇报道这时） his
cousin came to visit him.
saw my grandpa working in the
garden
He was writing a report when
维度四：课文语法填空
The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a
dark sea 1. （attack） by a great white shark and finally
was killed by it， which made people consider the great white shark as
2. dangerous animal.
was attacked
a
Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea.To make things
3. （bad）， other people started fishing for sharks，
4. （kill） as many as they could.As a result， the number of
large sharks around America fell quickly.5. （fin） is a type
of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are
thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and 6.
（painful）.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
worse
killing
Finning
painfully
In 1980， Peter Benchley， the man 7. wrote the book
the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful
sight.The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning.He
came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than the other way
round.From that day on， he fought 8. （protect）
sharks.9. （expert） have proved that sharks do not see
people as food， and they attack us just by mistake.Only a few people are
killed by sharks every year.
Fortunately， some people began to protect sharks.Today， as we
learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them
10. extinction.
who/that
to protect
Experts
from
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A compost （堆肥） program at the Wesley School in Los Angeles is
helping kindergarten through eighth grade students to teach them ways to
solve human-driven climate change. For the past year， 5，200 pounds of
food waste from the school has gone into compost containers rather than a
landfill where it would just break down and produce planet-warming
gases.
The school workers could have easily thrown the food waste into a
city-provided green bin （垃圾箱）. “But taking it out of sight， which
would have been easier， would have missed the point，” says science
teacher Johnna Hampton. “When it’s invisible like that， they don’t
see it， but they know it doesn’t sink in （心安） .”
When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile， it sank in.
“That’s my orange chicken in there，” he says. “That’s not just
like any food. Somewhere in there is my food.”
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will
be offered to families that want to use it at home， and whatever is left
will be donated.
Fifth grader Sloan felt so encouraged by the school’s compost
program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with
several other fifth graders， Sloan says， “We did a lemonade stand at
our friend’s house and we made over $200， and we donated it.” They
also helped create a petition （请愿） to replace the plastic forks and
spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.
Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help
grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something
that helps these planet， instead of just sitting and watching it get
destroyed，” he says.
Jennifer Silverstein， an expert on climate， says the school’s
compost program checks a lot of these boxes for effective， positive
climate education to help youth understand the crisis of human-caused
climate change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶卫斯理学
校的一个堆肥项目正在帮助从幼儿园到八年级的学生，教授他们解
决人为造成的气候变化的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了洛杉矶卫斯理学
校的一个堆肥项目正在帮助从幼儿园到八年级的学生，教授他们解
决人为造成的气候变化的方法。
1. What is the purpose of the compost program？（ ）
A. To prevent wasting food.
B. To deal with climate change.
C. To raise money for the school.
D. To keep friendship among kids.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，堆肥计划的目的
是教会学生们应对气候变化。
2. How did the school deal with the food waste before？（ ）
A. By selling to families as compost.
B. By putting into compost containers.
C. By turning into new food again.
D. By throwing into dustbins.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，以前学校处理食
物垃圾的办法就是丢进城市提供的绿色垃圾桶里。
3. How has the program affected Sloan？（ ）
A. She has taken climate action.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has got a part-time job in the school.
D. She has developed a new way to donate.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，Sloan决定在校外
采取行动来应对气候变化。
4. What can we learn about the program from the last two paragraphs？
（ ）
A. It is well received.
B. It is highly profitable.
C. It needs to be more effective.
D. It takes time to watch the result.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，学校的学生和气候专
家都认为这个项目非常好，能够帮助年轻人了解人类造成的气候变
化危机以及采取自己力所能及的行动来应对气候变化。由此可推
知，这个项目很受欢迎。
B
In the past few weeks， Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in
the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017， the former
Manchester United footballer set up Earth.Food.Love in Tones，
Devon， with his wife， Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste”
store — the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own
containers. “A lot of new people are coming in — people who have not
necessarily been interested in environmental issues before，” he says.
Recently， the government called for supermarkets to introduce
plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already
way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar
stores in Wales， Birmingham， and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a
similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year， which
has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in
the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series
and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment.
But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic
waste. Sian Sutherland， founder of the movement “A Plastic
Planet”， says， “The most exciting thing is that politicians and
industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem.
Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the
only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where
everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic.
Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one
million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute， and
most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap
water around the world also contains plastic.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth.
Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡
减少使用塑料。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth.
Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡
减少使用塑料。
5. What is special about Earth. Food. Love？（ ）
A. It gives away boxes of food.
B. It is a store without plastic bags.
C. It has few new customers.
D. It is the UK’s first supermarket.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的It’s the UK’s first ...
their own containers.可知，Earth. Food. Love的特别之处在于它是
一家没有塑料袋的商店。
6. What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place？
（ ）
A. Its popularity. B. Its products.
C. Its profits. D. Its similarity.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这家店的受欢
迎程度让卡尔迪罗尼的店搬到了一个更大的地方。
7. What does the underlined word “contamination” in the last paragraph
mean？（ ）
A. Pollution. B. Acceptance.
C. Influence. D. Application.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文可知，塑料污染范围如
此之广，以至于世界各地的自来水也含有塑料。故画线词意为“污
染”。
8. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements.
B. Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental
concerns.
C. A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the
whole UK.
D. Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and
pollution prevention.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章以没有塑料袋的商店
Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问
题，提倡减少使用塑料。由此可知，本文的主要内容是反塑料运动
的兴起以及对环境问题的日益关注。
C
Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City，
Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main
source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of
tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to
build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake
Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its
natural ecosystem.
The project contains five parts： a 129-km road encircling the entire
lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the
relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of
the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the
construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically
completed.A 12-km section of the corridor has been open to the public for
free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a
public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion
yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City
are the main source of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl
necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the
shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from
the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to
enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water
quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the
corridor.More migratory birds （候鸟） fly to the lake and there is less
algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and
go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工
程。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洱海生态廊道工
程。
9. Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（ ）
A. To treat wastewater.
B. To protect wildlife.
C. To attract more tourists.
D. To preserve local ecology.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生态廊
道的目的是保护当地生态系统。
10. Which of the following is involved in the project？（ ）
A. Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B. Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C. Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D. Promoting construction in the protection area.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，开展湿地恢复研
究包含在该项目中。
11. What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. They focus on the pearl industry.
B. They provide tourism opportunities.
C. They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D. They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，“珍珠”指
的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了更好的交通条件
以及发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。
12. What do staff members think of the project？（ ）
A. It needs improving.
B. It works unexpectedly.
C. It turns out to be good.
D. It has advantages and disadvantages.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，在廊道的建设过程
中，洱海的水质及生态都有了改善，同时，廊道也成为当地居民
以及外地游客进行锻炼、观光的好去处。由此推知，工作人员认
为该项目被证明很好。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Used clothing that you no longer wear can be donated to charities.
And clothing with broken zippers or missing buttons can be repaired and
worn again. But what do you do when your favorite shirt is too torn to
wear or your socks have too many holes？
Every year in the UK， 336，000 tons of unwanted old clothing and
shoes are thrown out and sent to landfills， according to Recycle Now.
13.（ ） So， instead of throwing away these old clothes， try one of
these eco-friendly ways to give them a second chance.
One of the best ways to deal with unwanted clothing is to make it into
something completely different. You can use pieces of old cloth as filling
for pillows.14.（ ）
Another very good way to reuse old textiles （纺织品） made of
cotton like T-shirts is to cut the clothing up and use it as cleaning cloths
around your home.15.（ ） And they are greener than using
microfiber cleaning towels that drop fibers when washed.
Besides， animal shelters are always looking for used towels and
blankets to keep their animals warm. 16.（ ） And while you are
throwing away your textiles， remember that shelters could use donations
of unopened pet food and things too.
17. （ ） Green Life is one of them. For a small fee， Green
Life will ship you a bag that can be filled with up to 25 pounds of used
clothing and sent to the company for reuse. When the bag is received，
the sender receives a small amount of money to be used on the
company’s website. Everything Green Life sells is made of recycled
fibers.
A. You can bring your clothing to Green Life.
B. Or you can turn something you like into a doll.
C. So you can donate your unwanted clothing to such places.
D. Some clothing companies have their own recycling services.
E. The cleaning cloths can be washed and reused， unlike paper towels.
F. Check to see whether certain items you are throwing out can be
donated.
G. This leads to greenhouse gases and allows chemicals to get into the
soil.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些对于旧衣服和鞋子
的环保处理方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些对于旧衣服和鞋子
的环保处理方法。
13. G 根据空前一句可知，在英国，每年有336，000吨不想要的旧
衣服和鞋子被扔掉并送往垃圾填埋场。G项（这会导致温室气体，并
允许化学物质进入土壤）符合语境。
14. B 空前一句说明了旧布的用途。B项（或者你可以把你喜欢的东
西变成一个洋娃娃）符合语境。
15. E 空前一句讲述了旧衣服做清洁布的好处。E项（与纸巾不同，
清洁布可以清洗和重复使用）符合语境。
16. C 空前一句讲述了旧毛巾和毯子在动物收容所中的用处。C项
（所以你可以把你不需要的衣服捐给这些地方）符合语境。
17. D 根据下文可知，Green Life是一家回收服务公司。D项（一些
服装公司有自己的回收服务）符合语境，与下文为例证关系。
谢谢观看！
