Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1. （编） and knitting are traditional cottage industries.
2.She was unable to （为……辩护） her action of leaving the important document in her car.
3.Would you like to help me take （分开） the machine？
4.When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake， the couple burst into （眼泪）.
5.The location of the apartment is perfect. （而且）， the rent is quite reasonable.
6.Tom is （独立的） — he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
7.The salesgirl was rude to the customer，so the l complained to the manager about it.
8.I was invited to lots of delicious meals. But， to be f ， the fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.
维度二：词形转换
1.Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication， I didn’t know how to deal with them （independent）.
2.After reading the letter， she （tear） it to pieces and threw them into the fire.
3. （frank） speaking， I am not sure whether I will pass the coming examination.
4.He described it as an extraordinarily （tangle） and complicated tale.
5.As the goods were damaged， she felt fully （justify） in asking for her money back.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （每次他到家时） at the end of the day， we’d greet him at the door.
2.We’ll support you forever （即使你不成功）.
3.It occurred to me that I should tell you the exact time of my arrival （提前）.
4. （你英语说得越多），the better your English will become.
5.I have to study hard （以便） I can keep up with my classmates.
6.They set up a wildlife reserve to （保护动物免遭猎杀）.
维度四：课文语法填空
We all know that honesty is an important value and that 1. （lie） is wrong， but who can 2. （honest） say that they’ve never told a lie？Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell 3. （protect） others from the truth.There are some reasons for telling white lies.One reason for telling a white lie is to make others feel 4. （good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good， we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 5. （disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.You of course say that it’s wonderful， 6. secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact， perhaps what your friend needs are frank 7. （comment）.Finally， we may also tell 8. white lie 9. we want to protect others from bad news.If you 10. （have） a bad day， you may hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine” so that your parents won’t worry about you.However， wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？One day， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters， an organization aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my speeches， the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not， the critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt.
I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters， and one was the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for adults， even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally， we can expect that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and development. So as parents， we must learn how to deliver our feedback effectively， and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with openness and wisdom.
The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific words used. It’s possible to have good intentions， but when feedback is poorly given， it can be harmful and not helpful.
It’s important to create a welcoming， safe environment in the home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child and parent， the feedback needs to be healthy， constructive and regular.
The words used are also important. In a New York Times article written by Dr Adam Grant， an organizational psychologist at the Wharton School， he shares that it is “22 to 29 per cent more effective” to encourage children with nouns than verbs， but when it comes to giving negative feedback， it’s generally better to use verbs.
A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding （脚手架） for how a child will manage their inner monologue. Consider， as an example， a discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to reach the finish line.
1.Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters？（ ）
A.To tell us what is good feedback.
B.To tell us to join Toastmasters.
C.To show the main function of feedback.
D.To show the necessity of proper feedback.
2.Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr Adam Grant？（ ）
①You’re a big helper.
②You’re a poor math learner.
③You’ve been helpful this afternoon.
④You didn’t do well on this math test.
A.①② B.①④
C.②③ D.③④
3.What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean？（ ）
A.Limit. B.Monitor.
C.Persuade. D.Inspire.
4.What is the best title for the passage？（ ）
A.The Way to Respond to Feedback
B.The Value of Accepting Feedback
C.How to Give Effective Feedback
D.How to Become a Better Speaker
B
“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School， including me.Many of our conversations are gossip （闲话）.I have noticed three effects of gossip：It can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor （传言） can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority （优越感）.
Gossip can also have a third effect： It strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.Translated into high school terms， this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said， then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The dos and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
5.Why is a conversation given at the beginning of the passage？（ ）
A.To introduce a topic.
B.To present an argument.
C.To tell a story.
D.To clarify the writing purpose.
6.What important negative effect does gossip have？（ ）
A.Breaking up relationships.
B.Embarrassing the listeners.
C.Spreading information around.
D.Causing unpleasant experiences.
7.Why do many people like to gossip？（ ）
A.It gives them a feeling of pleasure.
B.It helps them make more friends.
C.It makes them better at telling stories.
D.It enables them to meet important people.
8.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .（ ）
A.provide students with written rules
B.make people watch their own behaviour
C.force school to improve student handbooks
D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviour
C
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person， from busy schedules to long distances. Fortunately， thanks to modern technology， the people you miss are often only a phone call or a text message away. According to science， if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to， you should call them instead of texting.
In a study， researchers did various experiments. In one， they asked 200 people to imagine what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone， and they asked people to do one or the other at random. Although people thought that a phone call would be more mortifying， it actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a stronger bond with their old friends on the phone versus email， and they did not feel uncomfortable，” co-author Amit Kumar said.
In another experiment， researchers had strangers connect by texting， talking over video chat， or talking using only audio （音频）. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel more connected than when they communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff， a psychologist， says people tend to text instead of calling because of convenience， as they can organize information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person.
Romanoff says that in reality， texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient considering the effects of the message，” she explains. “Each part is more present， and therefore， it is able to figure out the meaning behind the conversation quickly without thinking of the endless possible meanings behind words.”
9.What does the underlined word “mortifying” in Paragraph 2 mean？（ ）
A.Puzzling. B.Exciting.
C.Embarrassing. D.Satisfying.
10.What advantage does a phone call have over an email according to the study？（ ）
A.It takes more patience.
B.It brings people closer.
C.It proves more relaxing.
D.It makes people more friendly.
11.Why do people consider texting convenient？（ ）
A.They can make themselves clear without being disturbed.
B.They would easily keep the messages for future use.
C.They can freely express their good or bad feelings.
D.They would avoid some unpleasant topics.
12.What can we infer from Romanoff’s words in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.It is easy to express one’s meaning through texting.
B.It is necessary to guess the meaning behind words.
C.People can understand each other more easily by phone calls.
D.People should use simple words to express themselves in emails.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Talking to Teens About Friendships
Parents can’t choose their teenagers’ friends or control their friendships.13.（ ） Here are some of the most important things about friendships that parents should share with their teens.
Authentic （真实的） Connection
The best teen friendships allow teenagers to speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling.14.（ ） This kind of authentic connection will support them during adolescence （青春期） and beyond.
The Power of Listening
Friendships depend on listening as well as sharing.Strong teen friendships depend on listening closely and responding with encouragement and positive feedback.
Friendships Change
15.（ ） People change as they grow up， and then they may grow apart.Parents can encourage teens to think about the qualities that are important to them in a relationship.Friendships are more likely to last when teens have similar values， and want the same things out of the relationship.
Conflict （矛盾） Is Natural
It’s normal for teens to have fights and disagreements.16.（ ） Teen friendships help adolescents learn how to deal with conflict and how to recognize what they could do differently.Moreover， they learn how important it is to say “I’m sorry.” and also how important it is to pardon the other person.
In conclusion， teen friendships matter — a lot.17.（ ） By sharing， parents can not only help their teens win true friends， but also improve their parent-child relationships.
A.It can help friends stay calm.
B.Not all teen friendships last forever.
C.Parents should listen to what they say patiently.
D.They’re a huge part of growing into adulthood.
E.But that doesn’t mean the friendship has to end.
F.Moreover， they can do so without fear of being judged.
G.But they can talk to their teens about what friendship should feel like.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以My Best Friend为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.简要介绍你最喜欢的朋友；
2.说明你喜欢他/她的原因；
3.朋友在我们生活中的重要性。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
My Best Friend
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.Weaving 2.justify 3.apart 4.tears 5.Moreover
6.independent 7.latter 8.frank
维度二
1.independently 2.tore 3.Frankly 4.tangled
5.justified/justifiable
维度三
1.Every time he arrived home
2.even if/even though you don’t succeed
3.in advance
4.The more you speak English
5.so that
6.protect animals from being hunted
维度四
1.lying 2.honestly 3.to protect 4.better
5.disappointment 6.despite 7.comments 8.a
9.when 10.have had
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩子进行有效的反馈。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可以推断出，作者提到他参加Toastmasters的经历是为了说明适当反馈的必要性。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，①和④是有效的反馈。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词上句和画线词后的them on to reach the finish line可知，画线词和上文的encourage意义一致。所以，画线词和D项Inspire意义一致。
4.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩子进行有效的反馈。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
5.A 推理判断题。第一、二段描述了两个人说别人闲话的场景。第三段叙述了说闲话这种事几乎人人都会做。下文接着叙述说闲话的三个影响。由此推知，文章开头引用两人的交谈是为了引出“说闲话”这个话题。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句可知，流言会伤害被谈论的人。由此可推知，流言会给被谈论的人带来不愉快的经历。
7.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The answer lies in another effect of gossip： the satisfaction it gives us.可知，散播流言能给人带来满足感，即快乐的感觉。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.可知，流言在管理群体行为方面很重要。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，如果想和交谈的人感觉更亲近，应该给他们打电话而不是发短信。
9.C 词义猜测题。根据Although可知，主从句之间为让步关系，结合下文it actually made the experience better以及they did not feel uncomfortable可知，尽管人们认为打电话会让人更难堪，但实际上这让体验变得更好。所以画线词的意思是“令人尴尬的”。
10.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They found that both forms ...they communicated via text.可知，根据这项研究，打电话比发电子邮件有优势是因为它拉近了人们的距离。
11.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的as they can organize information ...by the other person可知，人们认为发短信很方便是因为他们可以在不被打扰的情况下把自己的意思表达清楚。
12.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is able to figure out ...possible meanings behind words可知，人们可以通过电话更容易地相互理解。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母应该告诉青少年关于友情的一些事情。
13.G 上文指出家长不能操控青少年的友情，下文介绍了父母应该告诉青少年关于友情的一些事情。由此可知，设空处与上文内容形成转折关系，且与家长和孩子就交友方面进行沟通有关，故G项符合语境。G项中的they指代上文中的Parents， their teens呼应上文中的their teenagers， friendship呼应上文中的friends和friendships。
14.F 本部分指出友情是一种真实的联系。F项与空前一句对这种真实的联系作出了解释：让青少年开诚布公地说出自己的感受，且不用担心被评价。F项中的they指代上文中的teenagers， do so指代上文中的speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling。
15.B B项（并不是所有的青少年友情都能天长地久）呼应本部分小标题Friendships Change，符合语境。B项中的teen， friendships， last与下文中的teens， Friendships， last是原词复现关系。
16.E 本部分指出青少年之间有矛盾很正常，青少年的友情可以帮助他们学会如何化解矛盾、谅解对方。由此可知，即使青少年之间有了争执，也并不意味着友情会结束，故E项符合语境。E项中的that指代上文中的have fights and disagreements。
17.D 本段是全文总结段，指出友情在青少年生活中很重要。根据空前一句可知，设空处应该与青少年友情的重要性有关，D项（它们是迈向成年的重要部分）符合语境。D项中的They指代上文中的teen friendships。
Ⅲ.
My Best Friend
It’s true that everyone has his or her best friend.My best friend is Li Ping， who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class.Not only does she do well in her academic subjects， but she is also ready to help others.
Undoubtedly， what brings us together are common interests and hobbies.There are two things that we enjoy doing together： reading literary works and listening to classical music.More importantly， we share similar views on life and the world around us.
As emotional creatures， we human beings need family affection as well as friendship.Without friends， our lives would be like a wild desert.
5 / 6Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
Little White Lies
[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry④：
Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦，
When first we practise to deceive⑧！
[1]过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的动宾关系。
[2]what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！
[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie ？ [4]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies ”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
[3]本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后面是that 引导的两个宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在but后面的句子中，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。
[4]本句是复合句。knowledge 后面是that 引导的同位语从句；we tell是定语从句； little lies后是that 引导的定语从句；to protect others from the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of us of course don’t tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
[5]本句是复合句。that we don’t like为that 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词meal。
[6]and 连接前后并列的两个谓语动词lie和say，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。
[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut ， we say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful . But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these？
[7]本句为复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句。
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？ Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
[8]本句是复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时。However后面必须要加逗号。
Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement .Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
[9]本句中despite 为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，意义相当于although your cat can sing better。
[10]本句是复合句。主句为祈使句；that引导宾语从句；so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词。
Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter ， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice ？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance .[12]Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？ Moreover ， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines为动词-ing短语作状语，go与句子的主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系。
[12]you said was “delicious”为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词meal； every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”。
【读文清障】
①Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特（英国著名的历史小说家和诗人）
②remain v.保持，仍是
③excerpt n.摘录，节选
④Scottish poetry 苏格兰诗歌
⑤tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的
⑥web n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
⑦weave v.编，织
⑧deceive v.欺骗
⑨honesty n.诚实
⑩value n.价值
tell a lie 说谎
comfort vt.安慰
knowledge n.知识；知晓，了解
white lies 善意的谎言
protect v.保护
protect ...from ...
保护……免遭……
experience n.经历
the majority of 大多数
tell the truth 说实话
haircut n.发型
even if＝even though 即使
awful adj.糟糕的
to ...extent 在……程度上
justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护
one of the main reasons
主要原因之一
situation n.情况，形势
in fact＝as a matter of fact 事实上
disappointment n.失望
disappoint vt.使失望
disappointed adj.失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
anger n.生气
angry adj.生气的
encouragement n.鼓励
encourage vt.鼓励
despite＝in spite of 尽管
for a moment 一会儿
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
comment n.评论
tear n.眼泪，泪水
latter n.后者
ask for one’s advice
征求某人的意见
in advance 提前
serve v.提供，接待，服务
emotion n.情感
moreover adv.此外，而且
【参考译文】
善意的小小谎言
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤害而撒的小谎。
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说这道菜“很好吃”。
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What is the function of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B.To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D.To analyse why people like telling white lies.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Being honest means you are valuable.
B.We tell lies so as to protect others.
C.Honest men say they never tell lies.
D.White lies have a kind original intention.
3.Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（ ）
A.Because white lies make ourselves feel better.
B.Because white lies are always encouraging.
C.Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D.Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4.Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（ ）
A.Your haircut looks good.
B.You sing a wonderful song.
C.The meal you cooked is delicious.
D.My day is fine.Don’t worry.
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（ ）
A.All the white lies are good for our lives.
B.All the white lies are bad for our lives.
C.Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
D.If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends.
6.What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？（ ）
A.Approving. B.Disapproving.
C.Cautious. D.Neutral.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence containing quotes.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.Whether should we tell white lies？
2.In your opinion， what is a white lie？
3.Can you give an example of a white lie？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？
句式分析 本句为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong为由连词and连接的并列的 从句。第二个分句也是复合句，that they’ve never told a lie为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
2.However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate均为when引导的 从句；that someone’s haircut looks good和that we love a meal都是that引导的 从句；that we secretly hate为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
句式分析 本句为复合句。you said was “delicious”为 从句；every time you visit为every time引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。
【用法】
（1）to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说 to be frank with sb 对某人坦白 （2）frankly adv. 坦诚地，坦白说 frankly speaking 坦白说；坦率地说 （3）to be honest＝honestly speaking 老实说 to tell the truth 说实话
【佳句】 To be frank/Frankly speaking， I’d like to be your friend and invite you to come to my house on weekends.坦白说，我想做你的朋友，并邀请你周末来我家。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To be frank you， I don’t really think you’ve got a chance.
② （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in personality.
【写美】 同义句转换
③To be honest， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉
【教材原句】 If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？
【用法】
（1）burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来 hold back the tears 忍住眼泪 move sb to tears 使某人感动得流泪 in tears 哭着；流泪 （2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces 撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆除；拆掉 tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves 把……撕成两半
【佳句】 Tears of happiness flowed down her cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。（情感描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①During the time when he told the story， we were all listening tears.
②The city will tear the old building and create a park here.
③She （tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
【写美】 补全句子
④When the teacher woke up in the hospital， she found herself surrounded by her students and .
当老师在医院醒来时，发现自己被学生们围着，感动得哭了。（情感描写）
apart adv.分离，分开adj.分开的，分离的
【教材原句】 As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each other with their quills， so they had to move apart.
它们一开始靠近就互相用棘刺伤了对方，所以它们不得不分开。
【用法】
apart from 除……之外；除了……外（还有） take ...apart 将……拆卸开/拆分 tell ...apart 分辨出，辨别 tear ...apart 使某人不快；撕毁某物 fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解 set sb apart 使某人与众不同
【佳句】 The twins are so alike that it’s difficult to tell them apart.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难把他们区分开来。
【点津】 apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except， except for；表示“除了……外（还有）”时，相当于besides， in addition to。
【练透】 选用左栏短语并用其适当形式填空
①It me to think I might have made her sad.
②He drives around in an old car that’s .
③Her unusual lifestyle her as a child.
④It is easy to the machine but it is difficult to put it together.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤ ， it is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
除了以上原因，这也是一次我做一些志愿工作的好机会。（申请信）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
【用法】
（1）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句常和情态动词may/might， can/could， should， would等连用。 （2）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主从句之间可用逗号隔开。
【品悟】 We should read more books so that we can get more knowledge.
我们应当多读书，以便可以获得更多知识。
【点津】 in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于so that，如果更正式，可以用“in order to＋动词原形”替换。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①我们很早就去了电影院，结果我们坐到了好位置。
We went to the cinema very early， .
②他每天努力学习以便能考试及格。
→He studies hard every day .
→He studies hard every day .
→ ， he studies hard every day.
句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
【用法】
句中every time you visit为名词词组every time引导的时间状语从句，every time相当于whenever，表示“每次……”。 名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有： （1）由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等； （2）the＋瞬间名词： the minute/instant/moment等； （3）the＋时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter等。
【品悟】 I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see these photos.
＝I think of the happy time we spent together each time I see these photos.
每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①第一次和简见面，我们就谈了很多关于学习的事，就好像是老朋友一样。
， we talked a lot about study as if we had been old friends.
②每次我有麻烦的时候，他都会来帮我一把。
， he would come to help me out.
③上次我去拜访他时，他碰巧外出了。
He happened to be out .
④I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice as soon as I picked up the phone.
→I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice I picked up the phone.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.feel better 2.ourselves 3.encouragement 4.frank
5.different 6.bad news
第二步
1－6 ADCBCC
第三步
Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh， what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive！
第四步
1.It depends on what thing we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I think we’d better tell the truth.
2.A white lie refers to a lie that is told in order to be polite or to stop someone from being upset by the truth or to encourage someone.
3.For example， whenever my mother cooks meat， she often says that she doesn’t like eating meat.In fact， she says so to save the meat and allow us to eat more.
第五步
1.宾语 宾语
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？
2.时间状语 宾语 定语 meal
但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？
3.省略了关系代词that/which的定语 时间状语
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①with ②Frankly
③Honestly speaking； To tell the truth
2.①in ②down ③tore ④was moved to tears
3.①tears； apart ②falling apart ③set； apart ④take； apart
⑤Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above
重点句型解构
1.①so that we got good seats ②in order that/so that he can pass the exam； in order to/so as to pass the exam； In order to pass the exam
2.①The first time I met Jane ②Every time I was in trouble
③last time I called on him ④the moment/instant/minute
9 / 9(共110张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
Little White Lies
[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter
Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry
④：
Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦，
When first we practise to deceive⑧！
[1]过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的
动宾关系。
[2]what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋
主语＋谓语！
【读文清障】
①Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特（英国著名的历史小说家和诗人）
②remain v.保持，仍是
③excerpt n.摘录，节选
④Scottish poetry 苏格兰诗歌
⑤tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的
⑥web n.蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物
⑦weave v.编，织
⑧deceive v.欺骗
[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying
is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie ？
[4]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the
lies we tell are “white lies ”： little lies that we tell to protect others
from the truth.
[3]本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后
面是that 引导的两个宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在but后面
的句子中，say 后面是that 引导的宾语从句。
[4]本句是复合句。knowledge 后面是that 引导的同位语从句；
we tell是定语从句； little lies后是that 引导的定语从句；to protect
others from the truth为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
⑨honesty n.诚实
⑩value n.价值
tell a lie 说谎
comfort vt.安慰
knowledge n.知识；知晓，了解
white lies 善意的谎言
protect v.保护
protect ...from ...保护……免遭……
[5]本句是复合句。that we don’t like为that 引导的定语从句，修
饰前面的先行词meal。
[6]and 连接前后并列的两个谓语动词lie和say，say 后面是that 引
导的宾语从句。
[5]We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a
meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of us of course don’t
tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
experience n.经历
the majority of 大多数
tell the truth 说实话
[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut ， we
say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful . But to what
extent can we justify telling white lies like these？
[7]本句为复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if
引导让步状语从句。
haircut n.发型
even if＝even though 即使
awful adj.糟糕的
to ...extent 在……程度上
justify v.证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；为……辩护
One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make
others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s
haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly
hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment
and anger of others.
[8]本句是复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句，主句
是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时。However后面必须要加逗号。
one of the main reasons 主要原因之一
situation n.情况，形势
in fact＝as a matter of fact 事实上
disappointment n.失望
disappoint vt.使失望
disappointed adj.失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
anger n.生气
angry adj.生气的
Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement .Say
for example that your friend asks you what you think of his
singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite secretly
thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment and
consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you
so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should
look for a different hobby.
[9]本句中despite 为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，
意义相当于although your cat can sing better。
[10]本句是复合句。主句为祈使句；that引导宾语从句；so that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词。
encouragement n.鼓励
encourage vt.鼓励
despite＝in spite of 尽管
for a moment 一会儿
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
comment n.评论
Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others
from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about
it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the
latter ， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and
understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern
for you and ask for their advice ？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white
lies have results we cannot know in advance .[12]Perhaps the meal you
said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your
friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his
“wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly
understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？
Moreover ， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest
to you had been hiding the truth from you？
[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines为动词-ing短语作状语，go
与句子的主语we是逻辑上的主谓关系。
[12]you said was “delicious”为省略了关系代词that或which的定
语从句，修饰先行词meal； every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每
次……”。
tear n.眼泪，泪水
latter n.后者
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的意见
in advance 提前
serve v.提供，接待，服务
emotion n.情感
moreover adv.此外，而且
【参考译文】
善意的小小谎言
200多年前，沃尔特·司各特写下的这几行文字，如今依然是苏格
兰诗歌中最广为传诵的诗句之一：
啊，谎言一旦开始，
我们须得织就一张错综复杂的网！
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对的。但是谁
又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？或许我们可以安慰自己，我们
说过的大部分谎言都是“善意的谎言”，即为了保护他人不被真相伤
害而撒的小谎。
我们一定都有过这样的经历：别人为我们准备的菜肴不合我们的
口味。大多数人会理所当然地把真实想法隐藏起来——我们会撒谎说
这道菜“很好吃”。
或者有朋友问我们他的新发型怎么样，即使我们觉得剪得非常糟
糕，也会说“棒极了！”但是这些善意的谎言到底有多正当呢？
说善意的谎言，主要原因之一是为了照顾别人的感受。但是，当
我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合我们口味的菜很好吃时，
我们真的是在为别人着想吗？也许事实上，我们撒谎只是为了不让别
人失望和生气，以免殃及自身。
说善意的谎言的另一个原因是给予鼓励。比如说，你的朋友问你
觉得他的歌唱得怎么样。尽管你私下里认为他唱得还不如猫叫好听，
但还是说他的歌声很美妙。停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到
你的真实评价，从而改进和提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换
一个爱好了。
最后，想要向别人隐瞒坏消息的时候，我们可能也会说善意的谎
言。假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦
掉眼泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？如果你选择隐瞒，难道你不觉得
其实父母希望听你倾诉从而理解你的真实感受吗？尊重他们对你的关
心，向他们寻求建议不是更好吗？
回到沃尔特·司各特的诗句，我们会发现，即使是善意的谎言，
也会带来无法预知的后果。也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你
每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。你的朋友发现你对歌声“很美妙”的评
价是个谎言后，还会继续信任你的看法吗？如果你只分享好消息而隐
瞒坏消息，你还能期望他人真正理解你的情绪吗？而且，当你发现身
边最亲近的人在对你隐瞒真相时，你又会有怎样的感受呢？
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What is the function of the first paragraph？（ ）
A. To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B. To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C. To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D. To analyse why people like telling white lies.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Being honest means you are valuable.
B. We tell lies so as to protect others.
C. Honest men say they never tell lies.
D. White lies have a kind original intention.
3. Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（ ）
A. Because white lies make ourselves feel better.
B. Because white lies are always encouraging.
C. Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D. Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4. Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（ ）
A. Your haircut looks good.
B. You sing a wonderful song.
C. The meal you cooked is delicious.
D. My day is fine.Don’t worry.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph？（ ）
A. All the white lies are good for our lives.
B. All the white lies are bad for our lives.
C. Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
D. If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？
（ ）
A. Approving. B. Disapproving.
C. Cautious. D. Neutral.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence containing quotes.
Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott
remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh， what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive！
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. Whether should we tell white lies？
2. In your opinion， what is a white lie？
It depends on what thing we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I
think we’d better tell the truth.
A white lie refers to a lie that is told in order to be polite or to stop
someone from being upset by the truth or to encourage someone.
3. Can you give an example of a white lie？
For example， whenever my mother cooks meat， she often says that
she doesn’t like eating meat.In fact， she says so to save the meat
and allow us to eat more.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is
wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？
句式分析 本句为but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是复合句，that
honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong为由连词and连接
的并列的 从句。第二个分句也是复合句，that they’ve
never told a lie为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
宾语
宾语
我们都知道诚实是一项重要品质，也知道说谎是不对
的。但是谁又能诚实地说自己从来没有说过谎呢？
2. However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good，
or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we
really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。when we lie and say that someone’s
haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly
hate均为when引导的 从句；that someone’s haircut
looks good和that we love a meal都是that引导的 从句；that
we secretly hate为that引导的 从句，修饰先行词 。
自主翻译
时间状语
宾语
定语
meal
但是，当我们撒谎说某人的发型很好看，或者说不合
我们口味的菜很好吃时，我们真的是在为别人着想吗？
3. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time
you visit.
句式分析 本句为复合句。you said was “delicious”为
从句；every time you visit为every time引
导的 从句。
自主翻译
省略了关
系代词that/which的定语
时间状语
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时
都出现在餐桌上。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend
wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和
提高。
（1）to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说
to be frank with sb 对某人坦白
（2）frankly adv. 坦诚地，坦白说
frankly speaking 坦白说；坦率地说
（3）to be honest＝honestly speaking 老实说
to tell the truth 说实话
【用法】
【佳句】 To be frank/Frankly speaking， I’d like to be your friend
and invite you to come to my house on weekends.
坦白说，我想做你的朋友，并邀请你周末来我家。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①To be frank you， I don’t really think you’ve got a
chance.
② （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in
personality.
with
Frankly
【写美】 同义句转换
③To be honest， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
Honestly speaking
To tell the truth
tear n.眼泪，泪水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉
【教材原句】 If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents
about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
假如你今天过得很糟糕，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是偷偷擦掉眼
泪骗他们说今天过得“不错”？
【用法】
（1）burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来
hold back the tears 忍住眼泪
move sb to tears 使某人感动得流泪
in tears 哭着；流泪
（2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces 撕毁；撕碎
tear down 拆除；拆掉
tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves 把……撕成两半
【佳句】 Tears of happiness flowed down her cheeks.
幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。（情感描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①During the time when he told the story， we were all listening
tears.
②The city will tear the old building and create a park here.
③She （tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
in
down
tore
【写美】 补全句子
④When the teacher woke up in the hospital， she found herself
surrounded by her students and .当老师在医院醒
来时，发现自己被学生们围着，感动得哭了。（情感描写）
was moved to tears
apart adv.分离，分开adj.分开的，分离的
【教材原句】 As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each
other with their quills， so they had to move apart.它们一开始靠近就互
相用棘刺伤了对方，所以它们不得不分开。
【用法】
apart from 除……之外；除了……外（还有）
take ...apart 将……拆卸开/拆分
tell ...apart 分辨出，辨别
tear ...apart 使某人不快；撕毁某物
fall apart 崩溃；土崩瓦解
set sb apart 使某人与众不同
【佳句】 The twins are so alike that it’s difficult to tell them apart.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难把他们区分开来。
【点津】 apart from表示“除……之外”时，相当于except， except
for；表示“除了……外（还有）”时，相当于besides， in addition
to。
【练透】 选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空
①It me to think I might have made her sad.
②He drives around in an old car that’s .
③Her unusual lifestyle her as a child.
④It is easy to the machine but it is difficult to put it
together.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤ ， it is also a
good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
除了以上原因，这也是一次我做一些志愿工作的好机会。（申请信）
tears
apart
falling apart
set
apart
take
apart
Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend
wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or
perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
停下来想一想，也许你的朋友就是想听到你的真实评价，从而改进和
提高。又或者，应该让他知道自己需要换一个爱好了。
【用法】
（1）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句常和情态动词may/might，
can/could， should， would等连用。
（2）so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，所以”，主从
句之间可用逗号隔开。
【品悟】 We should read more books so that we can get more
knowledge.
我们应当多读书，以便可以获得更多知识。
【点津】 in order that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于so that，如
果更正式，可以用“in order to＋动词原形”替换。
【写美】 微写作/一句多译
①我们很早就去了电影院，结果我们坐到了好位置。
We went to the cinema very early， .
②他每天努力学习以便能考试及格。
→He studies hard every day
.
→He studies hard every day .
→ ， he studies hard every day.
so that we got good seats
in order that/so that he can pass the
exam
in order to/so as to pass the exam
In order to pass the exam
句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句
【教材原句】 Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be
served every time you visit.
也许被你评价为“很好吃”的菜肴会在你每次到访时都出现在餐
桌上。
【用法】
句中every time you visit为名词词组every time引导的时间状语从句，
every time相当于whenever，表示“每次……”。
名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
（1）由time构成的名词词组：each time， the first/last time， next
time， any time等；
（2）the＋瞬间名词： the minute/instant/moment等；
（3）the＋时间名词：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter
等。
【品悟】 I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see
these photos.
＝I think of the happy time we spent together each time I see these
photos.
每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①第一次和简见面，我们就谈了很多关于学习的事，就好像是老朋友
一样。
， we talked a lot about study as if we had
been old friends.
The first time I met Jane
②每次我有麻烦的时候，他都会来帮我一把。
， he would come to help me out.
③上次我去拜访他时，他碰巧外出了。
He happened to be out .
④I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice as soon as I picked
up the phone.
→I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice
I picked up the phone.
Every time I was in trouble
last time I called on him
the
moment/instant/minute
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. （编） and knitting are traditional cottage industries.
2. She was unable to （为……辩护） her action of leaving
the important document in her car.
3. Would you like to help me take （分开） the machine？
4. When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the
earthquake， the couple burst into （眼泪）.
Weaving
justify
apart
tears
5. The location of the apartment is perfect. （而且），
the rent is quite reasonable.
6. Tom is （独立的） — he never asks his parents’
opinion unless he wants their support.
7. The salesgirl was rude to the customer，so the l complained to
the manager about it.
8. I was invited to lots of delicious meals. But， to be f ， the
fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.
Moreover
independent
atter
rank
维度二：词形转换
1. Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication， I
didn’t know how to deal with them
（independent）.
2. After reading the letter， she （tear） it to pieces and threw
them into the fire.
3. （frank） speaking， I am not sure whether I will pass
the coming examination.
independently
tore
Frankly
4. He described it as an extraordinarily （tangle） and
complicated tale.
5. As the goods were damaged， she felt fully
（justify） in asking for her money back.
tangled
justified/justifiable
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （每次他到家时） at the end of the
day， we’d greet him at the door.
2. We’ll support you forever
（即使你不成功）.
3. It occurred to me that I should tell you the exact time of my arrival
（提前）.
4. （你英语说得越多），the better
your English will become.
Every time he arrived home
even if/even though you don’t
succeed
in
advance
The more you speak English
5. I have to study hard （以便） I can keep up with my
classmates.
6. They set up a wildlife reserve to
（保护动物免遭猎杀）.
so that
protect animals from being hunted
维度四：课文语法填空
We all know that honesty is an important value and that 1.
（lie） is wrong， but who can 2. （honest） say that
they’ve never told a lie？Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the
knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that
we tell 3. （protect） others from the truth.There are some
reasons for telling white lies.One reason for telling a white lie is to make
others feel 4.
lying
honestly
to protect
（good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good，
we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 5.
（disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason for telling a white lie
is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you what
you think of his singing.You of course say that it’s wonderful，
6. secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact，
perhaps what your friend needs are frank 7.
（comment）.Finally， we may also tell 8. white lie 9.
better
disappointment
despite
comments
a
we want to protect others from bad news.If you 10.
（have） a bad day， you may hide your tears and lie that your day was
“fine” so that your parents won’t worry about you.However，
wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their
advice？One day， we may find even white lies have results we cannot
know in advance.
when
have had
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters， an organization
aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago
with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my
speeches， the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not， the
critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt.
I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters， and one was
the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for
adults， even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally， we can expect
that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children
receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and
development. So as parents， we must learn how to deliver our feedback
effectively， and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with
openness and wisdom.
The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific
words used. It’s possible to have good intentions， but when feedback is
poorly given， it can be harmful and not helpful.
It’s important to create a welcoming， safe environment in the
home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child
and parent， the feedback needs to be healthy， constructive and regular.
The words used are also important. In a New York Times article
written by Dr Adam Grant， an organizational psychologist at the Wharton
School， he shares that it is “22 to 29 per cent more effective” to
encourage children with nouns than verbs， but when it comes to giving
negative feedback， it’s generally better to use verbs.
A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding （脚手架） for how a
child will manage their inner monologue. Consider， as an example， a
discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback
can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect
on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to
reach the finish line.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩
子进行有效的反馈。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了父母应该如何对孩
子进行有效的反馈。
1. Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters？
（ ）
A. To tell us what is good feedback.
B. To tell us to join Toastmasters.
C. To show the main function of feedback.
D. To show the necessity of proper feedback.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可以推断出，作者提到
他参加Toastmasters的经历是为了说明适当反馈的必要性。
2. Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr Adam
Grant？（ ）
①You’re a big helper.
②You’re a poor math learner.
③You’ve been helpful this afternoon.
④You didn’t do well on this math test.
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，①和④是有效
的反馈。
3. What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean？
（ ）
A. Limit. B. Monitor.
C. Persuade. D. Inspire.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词上句和画线词后的them on to
reach the finish line可知，画线词和上文的encourage意义一致。所
以，画线词和D项Inspire意义一致。
4. What is the best title for the passage？（ ）
A. The Way to Respond to Feedback
B. The Value of Accepting Feedback
C. How to Give Effective Feedback
D. How to Become a Better Speaker
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了父母应该
如何对孩子进行有效的反馈。
B
“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey
whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me
two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours
truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is （a）
not nice and （b） not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very
different from most students here at Linton High School， including
me.Many of our conversations are gossip （闲话）.I have noticed three
effects of gossip：It can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind
of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person
being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic —
breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out — that a person would
rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the
juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the
absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies
can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us
do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives
us.Sharing the latest rumor （传言） can make a person feel important
because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly，hearing
the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.In
other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of
belonging or even superiority （优越感）.
Gossip can also have a third effect： It strengthens unwritten，
unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson
explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a
group.Translated into high school terms， this means that if everybody
you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，
then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the
same kind of negative attention.The dos and don’ts conveyed through
gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time
you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to
gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了
人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了说闲话的影响，分析了
人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
5. Why is a conversation given at the beginning of the passage？（ ）
A. To introduce a topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To tell a story.
D. To clarify the writing purpose.
解析： 推理判断题。第一、二段描述了两个人说别人闲话的场
景。第三段叙述了说闲话这种事几乎人人都会做。下文接着叙述说
闲话的三个影响。由此推知，文章开头引用两人的交谈是为了引出
“说闲话”这个话题。
6. What important negative effect does gossip have？（ ）
A. Breaking up relationships.
B. Embarrassing the listeners.
C. Spreading information around.
D. Causing unpleasant experiences.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句可知，流言会伤害被
谈论的人。由此可推知，流言会给被谈论的人带来不愉快的经历。
7. Why do many people like to gossip？（ ）
A. It gives them a feeling of pleasure.
B. It helps them make more friends.
C. It makes them better at telling stories.
D. It enables them to meet important people.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The answer lies in another
effect of gossip： the satisfaction it gives us.可知，散播流言能给人
带来满足感，即快乐的感觉。
8. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .（ ）
A. provide students with written rules
B. make people watch their own behaviour
C. force school to improve student handbooks
D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviour
解析： 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Professor David Wilson
explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.可
知，流言在管理群体行为方面很重要。
C
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in
person， from busy schedules to long distances. Fortunately， thanks to
modern technology， the people you miss are often only a phone call or a
text message away. According to science， if you want to feel more
connected to the people you’re talking to， you should call them instead
of texting.
In a study， researchers did various experiments. In one， they
asked 200 people to imagine what it would be like to reconnect with an old
friend by email or by phone， and they asked people to do one or the other
at random. Although people thought that a phone call would be more
mortifying， it actually made the experience better. “People reported
they did form a stronger bond with their old friends on the phone versus
email， and they did not feel uncomfortable，” co-author Amit Kumar
said.
In another experiment， researchers had strangers connect by
texting， talking over video chat， or talking using only audio （音频）.
They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or
audio only — made the strangers feel more connected than when they
communicated via text.
Sabrina Romanoff， a psychologist， says people tend to text instead
of calling because of convenience， as they can organize information
exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other
person.
Romanoff says that in reality， texting can make it hard to determine
the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more
convenient considering the effects of the message，” she explains.
“Each part is more present， and therefore， it is able to figure out the
meaning behind the conversation quickly without thinking of the endless
possible meanings behind words.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，如果想和交谈的人感觉
更亲近，应该给他们打电话而不是发短信。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，如果想和交谈的人感觉
更亲近，应该给他们打电话而不是发短信。
9. What does the underlined word “mortifying” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（ ）
A. Puzzling. B. Exciting.
C. Embarrassing. D. Satisfying.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据Although可知，主从句之间为让步关
系，结合下文it actually made the experience better以及they did not
feel uncomfortable可知，尽管人们认为打电话会让人更难堪，但实
际上这让体验变得更好。所以画线词的意思是“令人尴尬的”。
10. What advantage does a phone call have over an email according to the
study？（ ）
A. It takes more patience.
B. It brings people closer.
C. It proves more relaxing.
D. It makes people more friendly.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They found that both
forms ...they communicated via text.可知，根据这项研究，打电
话比发电子邮件有优势是因为它拉近了人们的距离。
11. Why do people consider texting convenient？（ ）
A. They can make themselves clear without being disturbed.
B. They would easily keep the messages for future use.
C. They can freely express their good or bad feelings.
D. They would avoid some unpleasant topics.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的as they can organize
information ...by the other person可知，人们认为发短信很方便是
因为他们可以在不被打扰的情况下把自己的意思表达清楚。
12. What can we infer from Romanoff’s words in the last paragraph？
（ ）
A. It is easy to express one’s meaning through texting.
B. It is necessary to guess the meaning behind words.
C. People can understand each other more easily by phone calls.
D. People should use simple words to express themselves in emails.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的it is able to figure
out ...possible meanings behind words可知，人们可以通过电话更
容易地相互理解。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Talking to Teens About Friendships
Parents can’t choose their teenagers’ friends or control their
friendships.13.（ ） Here are some of the most important things
about friendships that parents should share with their teens.
Authentic （真实的） Connection
The best teen friendships allow teenagers to speak honestly and
openly about how they are feeling.14.（ ） This kind of authentic
connection will support them during adolescence （青春期） and beyond.
The Power of Listening
Friendships depend on listening as well as sharing.Strong teen
friendships depend on listening closely and responding with
encouragement and positive feedback.
Friendships Change
15. （ ） People change as they grow up， and then they may
grow apart.Parents can encourage teens to think about the qualities that are
important to them in a relationship.Friendships are more likely to last
when teens have similar values， and want the same things out of the
relationship.
Conflict （矛盾） Is Natural
It’s normal for teens to have fights and disagreements.16.（ ）
Teen friendships help adolescents learn how to deal with conflict and how
to recognize what they could do differently.Moreover， they learn how
important it is to say “I’m sorry.” and also how important it is to
pardon the other person.
In conclusion， teen friendships matter — a lot.17.（ ） By
sharing， parents can not only help their teens win true friends， but also
improve their parent-child relationships.
A. It can help friends stay calm.
B. Not all teen friendships last forever.
C. Parents should listen to what they say patiently.
D. They’re a huge part of growing into adulthood.
E. But that doesn’t mean the friendship has to end.
F. Moreover， they can do so without fear of being judged.
G. But they can talk to their teens about what friendship should feel like.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母应该告诉青少年关
于友情的一些事情。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母应该告诉青少年关
于友情的一些事情。
13. G 上文指出家长不能操控青少年的友情，下文介绍了父母应该
告诉青少年关于友情的一些事情。由此可知，设空处与上文内容形成
转折关系，且与家长和孩子就交友方面进行沟通有关，故G项符合语
境。G项中的they指代上文中的Parents， their teens呼应上文中的their
teenagers， friendship呼应上文中的friends和friendships。
14. F 本部分指出友情是一种真实的联系。F项与空前一句对这种真
实的联系作出了解释：让青少年开诚布公地说出自己的感受，且不用
担心被评价。F项中的they指代上文中的teenagers， do so指代上文中
的speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling。
15. B B项（并不是所有的青少年友情都能天长地久）呼应本部分小
标题Friendships Change，符合语境。B项中的teen， friendships， last
与下文中的teens， Friendships， last是原词复现关系。
16. E 本部分指出青少年之间有矛盾很正常，青少年的友情可以帮
助他们学会如何化解矛盾、谅解对方。由此可知，即使青少年之间有
了争执，也并不意味着友情会结束，故E项符合语境。E项中的that指
代上文中的have fights and disagreements。
17. D 本段是全文总结段，指出友情在青少年生活中很重要。根据
空前一句可知，设空处应该与青少年友情的重要性有关，D项（它们
是迈向成年的重要部分）符合语境。D项中的They指代上文中的teen
friendships。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以My Best Friend为题，写一
篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍你最喜欢的朋友；
2. 说明你喜欢他/她的原因；
3. 朋友在我们生活中的重要性。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
My Best Friend
参考范文：
My Best Friend
It’s true that everyone has his or her best friend.My best friend is Li
Ping， who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class.Not only does she
do well in her academic subjects， but she is also ready to help others.
Undoubtedly， what brings us together are common interests and
hobbies.There are two things that we enjoy doing together： reading
literary works and listening to classical music.More importantly， we
share similar views on life and the world around us.
As emotional creatures， we human beings need family affection as
well as friendship.Without friends， our lives would be like a wild desert.
谢谢观看！
