UNIT 2 Making a difference
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.I took off my shoes and socks and played in the （喷水池） with other children.
2.The show was held to encourage students to （回收利用） their trash and protect the environment.
3.The organisation aimed at helping children in remote areas is （资助） by several local companies.
4.You should be clear about the （内部的） structure of a building.
5.She e a good income and has flexible working hours.
6.The project would give scientists new i into what is happening to the Earth’s atmosphere.
维度二：词形转换
1.I have no idea what （effect） measures our school will take to strengthen our listening skills.
2.The （short） of water has become a global problem that needs to be solved urgently.
3.Yuan Longping， who passed away on 22 May 2021， made a great （contribute） to China’s agriculture.
4.All the （donate） received by the charity are to help the disabled children.
5.The （realise） of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon， the youth centre will have to close.
6.Knowing that the new couple led a satisfying life， all their relatives sighed with （relieve）.
7.They showed great （persevere） in the face of difficulties.
8.Their （earn） are embarrassing，when it comes to the high house price.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.With all the efforts， the result of the experiment did not （证明是） to be the way the researchers had expected.
2.When the teacher announced the good news， she （突然笑了起来） happily.
3.With her experience， she would （找工作不成问题）.
4.I will help （建立） the English corner， providing us students a platform to practice our oral English.
5.As long as everyone gives a bit of his own love， it will （有影响） to the whole world.
6.If the learners of online learning cannot control themselves well， they will not （受益于） online learning.
7.Word came （他的诗获得了一等奖）.
8.We saw a new play at the theatre， （在这之后我们在一家餐馆吃了晚饭）.
维度四：课文语法填空
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy， Ryan had difficulty 1. （believe） the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.So Ryan decided 2. （help）.
To begin with， he planned to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.He cleaned windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours， and soon reached his first target of $70.But when he gave the money to a charity， he 3. （tell） that it 4. （actual） cost $2，000 to build a well.He then persuaded his classmates and neighbours to donate money.His mother’s friend also helped him.Eventually， after several 5. （month）， he raised enough money， with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
Ryan was invited to visit Uganda.He saw the 6. （finish） well with his own eyes.He also saw hundreds of delighted students 7. had turned out to welcome him.He really had made 8. difference for these children.Later， Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.
Now， Ryan is an adult.He says that the question to ask is not “Why don’t I help？”， 9. “How can I help today？”.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a 10. （real）.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I’m approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after work. It’s 5：15 pm. Traffic is slowing down and then it comes to a full stop. I’m stuck even before getting on the bridge.
This has become my normal work commute （上下班往返） routine. Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp （匝道）. I stare at the endless rows of vehicles， depressed. Seconds pass. Minutes pass.Looking at the rows of cars and trucks， I start counting — 299， 300， 301 — and I give up.
Suddenly I remember I’m one of the 300 helpless drivers. When the cars do move， I move carefully， making sure not to knock into other vehicles. Finally， I make it onto the bridge. The traffic is still crawling at a snail’s pace. Tired and hungry， I become very anxious.
Just then， I hear a faint sound in the distance. The sound gradually becomes louder， until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle approaching from behind. What do we do？ The bridge is packed. There’s no room for us to move.
But I’m wrong. Every single car quickly， yet carefully， moves to the side. Without thinking， I follow suit. The lane remains open for a few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through.
Afterward， every car moves back into formation （队形）. We close up the emergency lane， continuing our patient wait. Back in my spot， I’m awestruck. My exhaustion and anxiety are gone. I start reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did.
Despite our exhaustion， we all decided to help the stranger who needed the time more desperately than we did. We drew on our compassion （同情心） and intelligence， requiring no orders. Although I may seem alone stuck on the bridge， I’m connected to all the other drivers. Together we could make the impossible possible.
1.How does the author feel when seeing the on-ramp？（ ）
A.Calm. B.Shocked.
C.Delighted. D.Discouraged.
2.What does the author think when knowing an ambulance is approaching？（ ）
A.All drivers will be willing to move.
B.It will be hard for it to pass through.
C.Someone should direct the traffic.
D.Whoever is inside needs immediate help.
3.What does the underlined word “awestruck” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean？（ ）
A.Deeply doubtful.
B.Extremely confused.
C.Feeling confident.
D.Filled with amazement.
4.What does the author think made the miracle happen？（ ）
A.People’s kindness.
B.The drivers’ positive attitude.
C.Instructions from a stranger.
D.The drivers’ good driving skills.
B
When 19-year-old Emily Bhatnagar from Maryland， USA， found out her father had stage four thyroid （甲状腺） cancer， her response was a little different than you might expect. To honour her father， who she also describes as her best friend， she decided to start a book drive called For Love and Buttercup， collecting books for kids with cancer.
“It was very much an overnight idea，” she explains. “I posted a message on an app called Nextdoor asking my neighbours for used book donations. I was only expecting a few here and there， but the response was truly incredible， and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my grief rather than letting it consume me.”
“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad go through cancer and see him lose a little bit of himself each day， but the book drive allowed me to develop a new-found sense of purpose combined with an even greater sense of compassion to help others in any shape or form. I wanted to help kids. They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart.”
Using tips she earns from working at her parents’ bread shop， Emily has bought many books out of her own pocket. In addition， she receives donations through her Amazon wish list， which can be found in the bio of the book drive’s Instagram account.
Emily and her older brother spent a whole summer driving around town， loading boxes of books into their car. “It was such an honour knowing people have carried these books all their lives through generations， and they wanted to gift them to my cause.”
The project has seen huge success， with For Love and Buttercup donating over 15，000 books and being recognized by The Washington Post， Forbes， The President’s Volunteer Service Award and Lady Gaga’s Born This Way Foundation.
5.Why did Emily decide to start a book drive？（ ）
A.To show respect for her sick father.
B.To raise money for kids with cancer.
C.To recycle used books from neighbours.
D.To draw more attention from the media.
6.What can we learn about Emily from Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.Emily didn’t give up in the face of difficulties.
B.Helping kids brought Emily great joy and pride.
C.Emily was well aware of what her life was all about.
D.Emily’s story deeply touched the hearts of kids she had helped.
7.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs？（ ）
A.The book drive was highly thought of.
B.The book drive earned Emily fame and fortune.
C.Emily was honoured to know many kind people.
D.Emily received a lot of support from the news media.
8.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.A father’s moving story of fighting cancer.
B.People’s responses to a girl’s act of kindness.
C.A girl’s courage to conquer challenges in life.
D.A book drive launched to collect books for kids with cancer.
C
This year a group called Teach for America （TFA） saw an increase in applications by 36 per cent.The organization recruits （招聘） college graduates to help fill a teacher shortage in less developed areas of America.The organization’s leaders say some college graduates prefer to take the positions in public service during the economic downturn but many feel a renewed spirit of public service.
“Teaching is much harder than I expected.Changing the world is never easy，” says Loren Heinbach.She has made up her mind to become a teacher to address the imbalance in education that exists between rich and poor communities.
Heinbach is one of over 6，000 TFA members， recent college graduates who volunteer to teach children in poor inner cities and rural public schools.She gives up possible work in medicine or law which will pay much more later on.Instead， she takes a teaching job at the KIPP Academy.
The school is in a neighbourhood of Washington， DC.The students there traditionally perform in the lowest 25% of national standards.Vice Principal Kristy Ochs says the school is working hard to improve the quality of education， but it is difficult to find teachers willing to do the hard work.
Ochs also gets her start in TFA.Two-thirds of members stay in education after their two-year service ends.She says these new teachers make every effort to teach school.
Heinbach’s students say she has high standards and expectations.One student says， “You have to really pay attention.The questions may seem easy， but if you make the wrong decision on a question， it’s like you really messed up.” “She also likes us to take notes.And I do thank her because she is getting us ready for college，” another student adds.
9.What’s the purpose of TFA recruiting college students？（ ）
A.To send more teachers to poor areas.
B.To create well-paid jobs.
C.To grow its business.
D.To earn high praise from the government.
10.Why does Loren Heinbach choose to take a teaching job？（ ）
A.She will get an increase in pay soon.
B.She failed to get into the public service.
C.She tries to live up to her parents’ expectation.
D.She wants to change the imbalanced education.
11.What can we know about the KIPP Academy？（ ）
A.Its teachers are experienced.
B.Its teachers dislike schooling.
C.Its students perform badly in study.
D.Its students are from rich families.
12.Which word best describes Loren Heinbach as a teacher？（ ）
A.Strict. B.Regretful.
C.Lucky. D.Stressed.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Find Your Potential
Personal potential is all about hard work and strategy.Here are four tips that will guide you on finding motivation and putting it to good use.
Know Your Inner Voice
13.（ ） Bear in mind that you’re not looking for your potential here but only finding out what you truly want in life.Your potential is finally what you work for.It’s best to work for things that you want so that you enjoy the process.
Make Efforts
Once you’ve planned a suitable final goal， it’s time to make an effort.Understanding your potential requires big efforts in the right direction.It won’t just click one day randomly.14.（ ）
Set Milestones （里程碑）
One mistake that a lot of people make in hopes of understanding their potential is aiming for the stars on the first go.15.（ ） That’s not how you get successful.It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.
When you set milestones， try to break down the long-term process into smaller parts.16.（ ）
Accept Failures
Bear in mind that you’re only getting started.Even if something is your passion， you can’t possibly be perfect at it at once.Failures are part of every success story.It’s all right to have some unexpected things here and there.Don’t let them demotivate you.17.（ ） It only means you’re learning more， and that will finally help you grow beyond limits.
A.You have to work to find answers.
B.The secret is to celebrate the little successes.
C.You can then work towards your other option.
D.Step by step， you open the way to your big goal.
E.The first step towards success is to listen to yourself.
F.Failing does not mean that you have to change your path.
G.They set their mind on the bigger picture and directly go for it.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.fountain 2.recycle 3.funded 4.internal 5.earns 6.insights
维度二
1.effective 2.shortage 3.contribution 4.donations
5.reality 6.relief 7.perseverance 8.earnings
维度三
1.turn out
2.broke into a smile
3.have no trouble in getting a job
4.set up
5.make a difference
6.benefit from
7.that his poem won first prize
8.after which we had supper at a restaurant
维度四
1.believing 2.to help 3.was told 4.actually 5.months
6.finished 7.who/that 8.a 9.but 10.reality
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班回家堵在拥挤的车道上，这时一辆救护车从后面驶来，人们都自发让出车道，让救护车顺利通过，这一举动展现了人性的善良。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Ahead of me is a heavily ...of vehicles， depressed.可知，当看到拥挤不堪的入口匝道时，作者感到沮丧。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，作者认为桥上挤满了车，没有移动的空间让救护车通过。由此可知，当知道救护车即将到来时，作者认为它将很难通过。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，桥上的车辆全部自发地让出车道，让救护车顺利通过。由此可知，这种善良的举动让作者感到惊奇。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，我们发挥我们的同情心，展现了人性的善良，在无任何指令的情况下，帮助了比我们更迫切需要时间的陌生人。由此推知，作者认为是人们的善良促成了奇迹的发生。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了向抗癌的父亲表示敬意，来自美国马里兰州的Emily Bhatnagar发起了一场图书募捐活动， 为患癌的儿童筹集书籍。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，为了表示对生病的父亲的尊重，Emily决定发起一场募捐活动。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的It was absolutely heartbreaking ...any shape or form.可知，Emily很清楚她的人生真谛是什么。
7.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的It was such an honour ...和最后一段中的The project has seen huge success ...可知，图书活动受到高度评价。
8.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Emily Bhatnagar发起了一场图书募捐活动，为患癌的儿童筹集书籍。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了TFA的成员Heinbach去美国欠发达地区志愿教书的经历。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The organization recruits （招聘） college graduates to help fill a teacher shortage in less developed areas of America.可知，TFA招聘大学毕业生是为了弥补美国贫困地区短缺的教师资源。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的She has made up her mind to ...that exists between rich and poor communities.可知，Loren Heinbach 选择教书是为了改变不均衡的教育现状。
11.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The students there traditionally perform in the lowest 25% of national standards.可知，KIPP Academy的学生成绩较差。
12.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Heinbach’s students say she has high standards and expectations.可推断，Loren Heinbach是一位严厉的老师。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条关于如何发掘个人潜力的建议。
13.E 根据Know Your Inner Voice和空后一句可知，要想弄明白自己真正想要的东西，就要先了解自己的内心。故E项（走向成功的第一步是倾听自己的内心）符合语境。E项中的listen to yourself呼应小标题中的Your Inner Voice。
14.A 上文指出了解你的潜力需要你在正确的方向上付出巨大的努力，而不是某一天突然就能领悟到。故A项（你必须努力去寻找答案）承接上文，符合语境。A项中的find answers呼应上文中的Understanding your potential。click意为“突然明白，豁然开朗”。
15.G 上文指出有些人想一下子就了解自己的潜力，下文指出那不是取得成功的方式，因此本空应该与那些人的做法相关。故G项（他们把注意力放在更大的愿景上，然后直接就去做）符合语境。G项中的They指代上文中的a lot of people，且set their mind on the bigger picture呼应上文中的aiming for the stars。aim for the stars志存高远，心比天高；first go第一次尝试。
16.D 根据Set Milestones （里程碑）以及It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.和try to break down the long-term process into smaller parts可知，作者建议逐步地实现目标。故D项（逐步地，你将迈向自己的大目标）指出制定阶段性目标的结果，符合语境。
17.F 根据上文内容可知，失败是成功的一部分，作者建议要接受失败；再根据空后一句可知，设空处应指出It指代什么，且与失败产生的影响有关。故F项（失败并不意味着你必须改变你的道路）与下文内容形成转折关系，符合语境。下文中的It指代F项中的Failing，且F项中的mean与下文中的means是原词复现。
5 / 6Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Well That Changed the World
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy， Ryan [1]had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing① African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain②.It was very close — only ten steps away.So， Ryan asked himself，“Why do some African children have to③ walk ten kilometres to get water every day？ And why is the water [2]so dirty that it makes them sick？” Young Ryan thought， “Life is easy for me， [3]but hard for those people.Why don’t I help？”
[1]have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难；spoken by his teacher为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the words；that引导同位语从句，解释说明前面words的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
[2]so ...that ...意为“如此……以至于……”；so后面跟形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句；make them sick为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，sick作宾语补足语。
[3]but hard for those people中，but是并列连词，hard for those people是省略句，省略了life is。
At first④，his plan was [4]to earn⑤ money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.He cleaned windows and did gardening⑥ for his family and neighbours.He soon reached his first target⑦ of $70， but when he gave the money to a charity⑧， he [5]was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well.Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump⑨.Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children.[6]What they needed was a well dug⑩ near their homes.
[4]第一个动词不定式短语to earn money作表语；第二个动词不定式短语to build a single well作目的状语。
[5]was told是一般过去时的被动语态；that引导宾语从句。
[6]What 引导主语从句，在从句中作needed的宾语；dug near their homes为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a well。
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money， but Ryan didn’t give up .He was determined to help other children have clean water.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.At the same time ， a friend of Ryan’s mother helped make his story go public .After several months， Ryan had raised the $2，000， [7]with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water.They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
In Uganda， Ryan at last saw [8]the finished well with his own eyes .But that was not all.He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.They sang and danced happily.Some even offered him food and gifts.At first Ryan was nervous， but soon a great warmth filled him.He really had made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile .
[7]“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词$2，000。
[8]finished是动词finish的过去分词，此处作前置定语，修饰well。
Later， Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.Many inspired people gave him their support.Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and more people ， so the work of building more wells can go on .Today， over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean， safe water.
Now， as an adult， Ryan says that the question [9]to ask is not “Why don’t I help？”， but “How can I help today？”.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy [10]who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality .
[9]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the question。
[10]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词boy。
【读文清障】
①developing adj.发展中的
developed adj.发达的
②fountain n.喷水池
③have to 不得不
④at first 起初；首先
⑤earn v.挣（钱）
⑥do gardening 做园艺工作
⑦target n.目标；靶子
reach his first target
达到他的第一个目标
⑧charity n.慈善机构
⑨a hand bump 一个手压泵
⑩dig （dug，dug） v.挖掘
give up 放弃；戒掉
determined adj.坚定的，有决心的
be determined to do 下决心做……
start to do 开始做……
ask for help from ... 从……寻求帮助
persuade sb to do 说服某人去做……
donate v.捐赠，捐献
at the same time 与此同时
go public 宣扬出去；公布于众
no longer 不再
for hours 几个小时
be grateful to sb 对某人感激
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
with one’s own eyes 亲眼
hundreds of 几百个；数百个
delighted adj.感到高兴的
delightful adj.使人高兴的
turn out 出席（某项活动）；在场
offer v.提供；给予
warmth n.温暖
make a difference
有影响；起（重要）作用
break into a smile 突然笑起来
lead sb to do sth 引导某人做某事
set up 建立
foundation n.基金会
encourage sb to do sth
鼓励某人做某事
inspired adj.受……激励的；受……影响的
continue to do sth 继续做某事
more and more people 越来越多的人
go on 继续下去
benefit from 从……中获益
not ...but ...不是……而是……
insight n.顿悟，猛醒
perseverance n.不屈不挠，坚持不懈
reality n.真实，现实
【参考译文】
改变世界的井
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。瑞安的目光掠过教室，望向对面的喷泉式饮水器。它是那么近——只有十步之遥。因此，瑞安问自己：“为什么有的非洲孩子每天要步行十公里去取水？为什么他们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病？”年幼的瑞安想：“我的生活很舒适，可他们的生活却那么艰难，我为什么不去帮助他们呢？”
起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方挖一口井。通过帮助家人和邻居擦玻璃、做园艺，瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目标——挣了70美元。但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候，他才得知建一口井实际的花费是2，000美元。70美元只够买一个手压泵。瑞安明白，一个手压泵无法帮到非洲的孩子们，他们需要的是一口离家不远的井。
2，000美元可不是一笔小数目，但是瑞安没有放弃。他下定决心要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水。他开始向他的同学和邻居求助，劝说他们捐款。与此同时，在瑞安妈妈的一位朋友的帮助下，瑞安的事为公众所知了。几个月后，瑞安筹到了2，000 美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。这所学校的孩子们再也不用走几小时的路去打水了。他们非常感激瑞安，并邀请瑞安前来参观。
在乌干达，瑞安终于亲眼见到了已经完工的井。不仅如此，他还看到了几百名学生兴高采烈地迎接他。他们高兴地又唱又跳，有的学生还为他送上了食物和礼物。刚开始瑞安还有点紧张，但很快一股暖流涌上了他的心头，他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。他突然高兴地笑了。
后来，这段经历促使瑞安建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多的人伸出援手。许多深受鼓舞的人都向瑞安提供支持。瑞安的基金会不断吸引着越来越多的人给予帮助，从而使打井事业能够继续。今天，这份能改变人一生的礼物——干净卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家的80多万人。
如今，瑞安已长大成人，他说现在的问题不再是“我为什么不去帮助他们”，而是“如今我该如何去帮助他们”。这份领悟，始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What was wrong with the water in some developing African countries？（ ）
A.The countries were too dry to have enough water.
B.The wells were too far away and the water was dirty.
C.People didn’t want to walk to fetch water.
D.People used too much water and polluted it.
2.What inspired the Canadian boy to help？（ ）
A.The drinking fountain in his school.
B.His teacher’s introduction.
C.The dirty water he found.
D.The ten-kilometre distance.
3.How did Ryan earn money at first？（ ）
A.He asked his parents for money.
B.He earned money by selling his toys.
C.He earned money by doing some housework.
D.He earned money by cleaning windows in the classroom.
4.Which is the direct result of Ryan’s effort？（ ）
A.Getting more clean water.
B.Setting up a foundation.
C.Building a new well.
D.Making him go public.
5.How can we describe the Canadian boy？（ ）
A.Helpful and determined.
B.Joyful and warm-hearted.
C.Hard-working and grateful.
D.Delighted and generous.
6.Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the title？（ ）
A.Ryan was determined to give up his plan to build a well in Africa.
B.The well built by Ryan solved the problem of worldwide water shortage.
C.The more wells you dig， the better the world will be.
D.The well built by Ryan encouraged more people to help make the world a better place.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences showing people’s perseverance.
3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that show concern for others.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.As a senior high school student， what can you do to help people in need？
2.What if you want to help those in need but you find you can’t finish it on your own？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
句式分析 spoken by his teacher是过去分词短语作 语，修饰the words；that many people in developing African countries ...是that引导的 从句，解释说明 。
自主翻译
2.He soon reached his first target of $70，but when he gave the money to a charity， he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well.
句式分析 句中but连接两个并列分句；第二个分句中when引导 从句，主句为he was told ...to build a well，主句中含有一个that引导的 从句，该从句中 作形式主语，真正的主语是 。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
contribution n.贡献；捐献；投稿
【教材原句】 the contribution these people made to society
这些人对社会所做的贡献
【用法】
（1）make contributions/a contribution to 对……作出贡献 （2）contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；撰稿 contribute ...to ... 把……捐献给……；为……撰稿 contribute to 有助于；促成；造成；向……投稿 （3）contributor n. 投稿人；捐赠者
【佳句】 A teacher was so deeply moved by these kind people that she wrote an essay and contributed to a newspaper.
一位老师被这些好心人深深地感动了，于是她写了一篇文章并投到了一家报社。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Doing small things well contributes to （build） up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
②They are people who warm our hearts with their moving stories and significant （contribute） to the society.
③It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money the charity.
【写美】 补全句子
④Your advice will the success of the class meeting.
你的建议将有助于班会的成功。 （求助信）
relief n.减轻，缓解
【教材原句】 The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried， is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.
病人在皮肤被仔细清洗和干燥之后所感受到的缓解和舒适程度是病床前最经常要观察的事情之一。
【用法】
（1）with relief 如释重负；松了一口气 to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth 做某事是一种解脱 breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气 What a relief！ 可轻松了！ （2）relieve vt. 救出；解脱；使脱离 relieve sb of ... 帮助某人减轻…… （3）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的
【佳句】 I breathed a sigh of relief as the plane my parents were aboard landed safely.
＝I sighed with relief as the plane my parents were aboard landed safely.
我父母乘坐的飞机安全着陆时，我松了一口气。 （心理描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （relief）， she went home with a weight lifted off her heart.
②He came to tell us that the work had been successfully completed， which made us smile relief.
③The new secretary will contribute to relieving us some of the paperwork.
【写美】 一句多译
④发现我妹妹已经适应了新环境，我感到很欣慰。
→ find my sister had adjusted to the new surroundings.
→ ， I found my sister had adjusted to the new surroundings.
shortage n.短缺，不足，缺乏
【教材原句】 Freshwater shortage （less than 1，000 m3/capita/year）
淡水缺乏（每人每年不到1，000立方米）
【用法】
（1）a shortage of ... 缺乏…… food/housing/water shortage 食物/住房/用水短缺 （2）short adj. 缺少的；短的；矮的 be short of 缺少…… be short for 是……的缩写/简称 in short 总之，简言之 for short 作为简称 have a short memory 记性差
【佳句】 There’s no shortage of ideas when it comes to improving the education of children.
谈到改善孩子的教育，大家都想法很多。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Nursing homes in Beijing are short 20，000 workers due to high stress.
②Food （short） will long be a worldwide problem though much has been done.
③The word NBA is short the National Basketball Association.
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， I think we should remember his contributions to our country and learn from him.
总之，我认为我们应记住他对国家的贡献，并向他学习。
effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的
【教材原句】 Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.现在勾选你认为向非洲供应淡水最有效的解决方案。
【用法】
（1）effect n. 效果；影响；作用 have an effect on ... 对……有影响 bring/put ...into effect 使……生效；实行…… come into effect＝take effect 生效 in effect 实际上；生效 cause and effect 因果 （2）affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭，使感染
【佳句】 They decided to take effective measures.Moreover， they would establish a water-saving foundation.
他们决定采取有效措施。此外，他们将建立一个节水基金会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In my opinion， go outdoors and play team games with your friends， which is an （effect） way to get rid of anger.
②Much to his relief， the new rule came effect at last.
③ effect， the twins differ from each other in many ways.
【写美】 补全句子
④Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems， which Chinese culture.
李白创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。
earn v.挣（钱）；赢得，博得
【教材原句】 At first， his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.
起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方挖一口井。
【用法】
（1）earn/make a living 谋生 earn money 挣钱 earn sb sth＝earn sth for sb 为某人赢得某物 earn the respect of sb 赢得某人的尊敬 （2）earnings n. （复数）薪水，工资
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I had no idea where my father worked， nor how he earned living.
【写美】 补全句子
②His kindness .
他的善良为他赢得了一个好名声。
donate v.捐赠，捐献
【教材原句】 He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.
他开始向他的同学和邻居求助，劝说他们捐款。
【用法】
（1）donate ...to ... 向……捐赠…… （2）donation n. 捐献，捐赠；捐款 make a donation to ... 向……捐赠 （3）donor n. 捐赠者 （4）donated adj. 捐赠的
【佳句】 I want to donate the money I earned from my part-time jobs to the foundation.
我想把我从兼职工作中挣来的钱捐给这个基金会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This time she was told that if a suitable （donate） could be found， a kidney transplant was the best option.
②Your （donate） will be used to help the students from mountain villages.
【写美】 补全句子
③It is reported that the businessman our school.
据报道，那个商人向我们学校捐了一百万美元。
break into a smile 突然笑起来
【教材原句】 He broke into a joyful smile.他突然高兴地笑了。
【用法】
break into 破门而入；闯入；突然……起来 break in 强行进入；插嘴 break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；突然发生 break down 停止运转，出故障；分解；垮掉 break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；（关系等）破裂；散开，解散 break away （from ...） 突然离开；（从……中）脱离
【佳句】 Don’t break in when he is telling his own story.
他讲自己的故事时，不要插嘴。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She just broke with her boyfriend. Make sure that you are sensitive to her feelings.
②His car broke on the way， and that was why he was late for the meeting.
③Nowadays many farmers want to break away farming and make a living in cities.
【写美】 补全句子
④The teacher’s eyes sparkled and .
老师的眼睛闪闪发光，突然笑起来。 （神态描写）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：that引导同位语从句
【教材原句】 As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy， Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。
【用法】
同位语从句用来说明其所修饰的名词的具体内容，通常由that引导，常放在名词advice， demand， doubt， suggestion， truth， wish， word等之后。
【点津】 that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句：
I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea （that） this book gives you？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
【写美】 微写作
①他的健康每况愈下的消息使我们很难过。
The news makes us sad.
②他给我的建议是我应该停止抱怨。
He gave me the suggestion .
③我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。
There is no possibility .
④我们相信张伟会遵守诺言。
We hold the belief .
句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
【教材原句】 After several months， Ryan had raised the $2，000， with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
几个月后，瑞安筹到了2，000美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。
【用法】
句中with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 （1）在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不能用that或who代替，也不可省略。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制。 （2）介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则：“一先”，即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”，即根据定语从句中的动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 （3）关系副词when， where， why可用“介词＋which”来代替。
【品悟】 There comes Tom，for whom I have been waiting an hour or so.
汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。
【写美】 微写作/同义句转换
①他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。
He handed me a pen， .
②我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。
The university， ， is very famous.
③I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
→I still remember the day， we met for the first time.
④I don’t know the reason why the house is so dirty.
→I don’t know the reason， the house is so dirty.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.experience 2.raised 3.finished 4.are attracted
5.have benefited from 6.courage
第二步
1－6 BBCCAD
第三步
1.（1）They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
（2）He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.
（3）At first Ryan was nervous，but soon a great warmth filled him.
（4）He broke into a joyful smile.
2.（1）Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didn’t give up.
（2）He was determined to help other children have clean water.
（3）This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
3.（1）Young Ryan thought， “Life is easy for me， but hard for those people.Why don’t I help？”
（2）Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the children.What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
（3）Later，Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.
第四步
1.I can offer food and hot water to the homeless people， and I can also donate my pocket money to help the children in poor areas.
2.I will turn to some adults around for help instead of helping them by myself because that can make me in the same trouble.
第五步
1.后置定 同位语 words
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。
2.时间状语 宾语 it to build a well
瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目标——挣了70美元。但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候，他才得知建一口井实际的花费是2，000美元。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①building ②contributions ③to ④contribute to
2.①Relieved ②with ③of
④It was a relief to； To my relief
3.①of ②shortage ③for ④In short
4.①effective ②into ③In ④have a great effect on
5.①a ②earned him a good reputation/earned a good reputation for him
6.①donor ②donation ③donated a million dollars to
7.①up ②down ③from ④broke into a smile
重点句型解构
1.①that his health is failing
②that I should stop complaining
③that we will finish the work in such a short time
④that Zhang Wei will keep his promise
2.①with which I wrote down his phone number ②in which my elder brother once studied ③on which ④for which
11 / 11(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
2
文本透析·剖语篇
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Well That Changed the World
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy， Ryan [1]had trouble
believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing
① African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.He looked across
the classroom at the drinking fountain②.It was very close — only ten steps
away.So， Ryan asked himself，“Why do some African children have to
③ walk ten kilometres to get water every day？ And why is the water
[2]so dirty that it makes them sick？” Young Ryan thought， “Life is
easy for me， [3]but hard for those people.Why don’t I help？”
[1]have trouble （in） doing sth做某事有困难；spoken by his
teacher为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the words；that引导同位语
从句，解释说明前面words的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分，只
起连接作用。
[2]so ...that ...意为“如此……以至于……”；so后面跟形容
词或副词，that引导结果状语从句；make them sick为“make＋宾语
＋宾语补足语”结构，sick作宾语补足语。
[3]but hard for those people中，but是并列连词，hard for those
people是省略句，省略了life is。
【读文清障】
①developing adj.发展中的
developed adj.发达的
②fountain n.喷水池
③have to 不得不
At first④，his plan was [4]to earn⑤ money to build a single well
somewhere in Africa.He cleaned windows and did gardening⑥ for his
family and neighbours.He soon reached his first target⑦ of $70， but
when he gave the money to a charity⑧， he [5]was told that it actually
cost $2，000 to build a well.Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand
pump⑨.Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the
children.[6]What they needed was a well dug⑩ near their homes.
[4]第一个动词不定式短语to earn money作表语；第二个动词不
定式短语to build a single well作目的状语。
[5]was told是一般过去时的被动语态；that引导宾语从句。
[6]What 引导主语从句，在从句中作needed的宾语；dug near
their homes为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a well。
④at first 起初；首先
⑤earn v.挣（钱）
⑥do gardening 做园艺工作
⑦target n.目标；靶子
reach his first target 达到他的第一个目标
⑧charity n.慈善机构
⑨a hand bump 一个手压泵
⑩dig （dug，dug） v.挖掘
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money， but Ryan didn’t give up
.He was determined to help other children have clean water.He started
to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them
to donate money.At the same time ， a friend of Ryan’s mother
helped make his story go public .After several months， Ryan had raised
the $2，000， [7]with which a well was built near a primary school in
Uganda.The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours
to get water.They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
In Uganda， Ryan at last saw [8]the finished well with his own eyes
.But that was not all.He also saw hundreds of delighted students who
had turned out to welcome him.They sang and danced happily.Some
even offered him food and gifts.At first Ryan was nervous， but soon a
great warmth filled him.He really had made a difference for these
children.He broke into a joyful smile .
[7]“介词＋which”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词
$2，000。
[8]finished是动词finish的过去分词，此处作前置定语，修饰
well。
give up 放弃；戒掉
determined adj.坚定的，有决心的
be determined to do 下决心做……
start to do 开始做……
ask for help from ... 从……寻求帮助
persuade sb to do 说服某人去做……
donate v.捐赠，捐献
at the same time 与此同时
go public 宣扬出去；公布于众
no longer 不再
for hours 几个小时
be grateful to sb 对某人感激
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
with one’s own eyes 亲眼
hundreds of 几百个；数百个
delighted adj.感到高兴的
delightful adj.使人高兴的
turn out 出席（某项活动）；在场
offer v.提供；给予
warmth n.温暖
make a difference有影响；起（重要）作用
break into a smile 突然笑起来
Later， Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to
encourage more people to help.Many inspired people gave him their
support.Ryan’s foundation continues to attract support from more and
more people ， so the work of building more wells can go on .Today，
over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from
the life-changing gift of clean， safe water.
Now， as an adult， Ryan says that the question [9]to ask is not
“Why don’t I help？”， but “How can I help today？”.This
insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy [10]who
had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality .
[9]动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the question。
[10]who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词boy。
lead sb to do sth 引导某人做某事
set up 建立
foundation n.基金会
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事
inspired adj.受……激励的；受……影响的
continue to do sth 继续做某事
more and more people 越来越多的人
go on 继续下去
benefit from 从……中获益
not ...but ...不是……而是……
insight n.顿悟，猛醒
perseverance n.不屈不挠，坚持不懈
reality n.真实，现实
【参考译文】
改变世界的井
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的
非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。瑞安的目光掠过教室，望
向对面的喷泉式饮水器。它是那么近——只有十步之遥。因此，瑞安
问自己：“为什么有的非洲孩子每天要步行十公里去取水？为什么他
们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病？”年幼的瑞安想：“我的生活很舒
适，可他们的生活却那么艰难，我为什么不去帮助他们呢？”
起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方挖一口井。通过帮
助家人和邻居擦玻璃、做园艺，瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目
标——挣了70美元。但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候，他
才得知建一口井实际的花费是2，000美元。70美元只够买一个手
压泵。瑞安明白，一个手压泵无法帮到非洲的孩子们，他们需要
的是一口离家不远的井。
2，000美元可不是一笔小数目，但是瑞安没有放弃。他下定决心
要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水。他开始向他的同学和邻居求助，劝说
他们捐款。与此同时，在瑞安妈妈的一位朋友的帮助下，瑞安的事为
公众所知了。几个月后，瑞安筹到了2，000 美元。有了这笔钱，乌干
达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。这所学校的孩子们再也不用走几小
时的路去打水了。他们非常感激瑞安，并邀请瑞安前来参观。
在乌干达，瑞安终于亲眼见到了已经完工的井。不仅如此，
他还看到了几百名学生兴高采烈地迎接他。他们高兴地又唱又
跳，有的学生还为他送上了食物和礼物。刚开始瑞安还有点紧
张，但很快一股暖流涌上了他的心头，他真的改变了这些孩子的
生活。他突然高兴地笑了。
后来，这段经历促使瑞安建立了一个基金会，以鼓励更多的人伸
出援手。许多深受鼓舞的人都向瑞安提供支持。瑞安的基金会不断吸
引着越来越多的人给予帮助，从而使打井事业能够继续。今天，这份
能改变人一生的礼物——干净卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家
的80多万人。
如今，瑞安已长大成人，他说现在的问题不再是“我为什么不去
帮助他们”，而是“如今我该如何去帮助他们”。这份领悟，始于一
个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What was wrong with the water in some developing African countries？
（ ）
A. The countries were too dry to have enough water.
B. The wells were too far away and the water was dirty.
C. People didn’t want to walk to fetch water.
D. People used too much water and polluted it.
2. What inspired the Canadian boy to help？（ ）
A. The drinking fountain in his school.
B. His teacher’s introduction.
C. The dirty water he found.
D. The ten-kilometre distance.
3. How did Ryan earn money at first？（ ）
A. He asked his parents for money.
B. He earned money by selling his toys.
C. He earned money by doing some housework.
D. He earned money by cleaning windows in the classroom.
4. Which is the direct result of Ryan’s effort？（ ）
A. Getting more clean water.
B. Setting up a foundation.
C. Building a new well.
D. Making him go public.
5. How can we describe the Canadian boy？（ ）
A. Helpful and determined.
B. Joyful and warm-hearted.
C. Hard-working and grateful.
D. Delighted and generous.
6. Which of the following statements is the best explanation of the title？
（ ）
A. Ryan was determined to give up his plan to build a well in Africa.
B. The well built by Ryan solved the problem of worldwide water
shortage.
C. The more wells you dig， the better the world will be.
D. The well built by Ryan encouraged more people to help make the world
a better place.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
（1）They were grateful to him and invited him to visit.
（2）He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to
welcome him.
（3）At first Ryan was nervous，but soon a great warmth filled him.
（4）He broke into a joyful smile.
2. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences showing people’s
perseverance.
（1）Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didn’t give
up.
（2）He was determined to help other children have clean water.
（3）This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old
boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
3. Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that show concern for
others.
（1）Young Ryan thought， “Life is easy for me， but hard for those
people.Why don’t I help？”
（2）Ryan understood that a hand pump wouldn’t help the
children.What they needed was a well dug near their homes.
（3）Later，Ryan’s experience led him to set up a foundation to
encourage more people to help.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. As a senior high school student， what can you do to help people in
need？
2. What if you want to help those in need but you find you can’t finish it
on your own？
I can offer food and hot water to the homeless people， and I can also
donate my pocket money to help the children in poor areas.
I will turn to some adults around for help instead of helping them by
myself because that can make me in the same trouble.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the
words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African
countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
句式分析 spoken by his teacher是过去分词短语作 语，修
饰the words；that many people in developing African countries ...是
that引导的 从句，解释说明 。
自主翻译
后置定
同位语
words
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——
在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。
2. He soon reached his first target of $70，but when he gave the money to
a charity， he was told that it actually cost $2，000 to build a well.
句式分析 句中but连接两个并列分句；第二个分句中when引导
从句，主句为he was told ...to build a well，主句中含有
一个that引导的 从句，该从句中 作形式主语，真正
的主语是 。
自主翻译
时
间状语
宾语
it
to build a well
瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目标——挣了70美元。
但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候，他才得知建一口井实际的
花费是2，000美元。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
contribution n.贡献；捐献；投稿
【教材原句】 the contribution these people made to society这些人对
社会所做的贡献
【用法】
（1）make contributions/a contribution to 对……作出贡献
（2）contribute vi.& vt. 捐献；捐助；撰稿
contribute ...to ... 把……捐献给……；为……撰稿
contribute to 有助于；促成；造成；向……投稿
（3）contributor n. 投稿人；捐赠者
【佳句】 A teacher was so deeply moved by these kind people that she
wrote an essay and contributed to a newspaper.
一位老师被这些好心人深深地感动了，于是她写了一篇文章并投到了
一家报社。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Doing small things well contributes to （build） up our
confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
②They are people who warm our hearts with their moving stories and
significant （contribute） to the society.
③It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money
the charity.
building
contributions
to
【写美】 补全句子
④Your advice will the success of the class meeting.
你的建议将有助于班会的成功。 （求助信）
contribute to
relief n.减轻，缓解
【教材原句】 The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick
after the skin has been carefully washed and dried， is one of the
commonest observations made at a sick bed.
病人在皮肤被仔细清洗和干燥之后所感受到的缓解和舒适程度是病床
前最经常要观察的事情之一。
【用法】
（1）with relief 如释重负；松了一口气
to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是
It is a relief to do sth 做某事是一种解脱
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
What a relief！ 可轻松了！
（2）relieve vt. 救出；解脱；使脱离
relieve sb of ... 帮助某人减轻……
（3）relieved adj. 感到宽慰的
【佳句】 I breathed a sigh of relief as the plane my parents were
aboard landed safely.
＝I sighed with relief as the plane my parents were aboard landed safely.
我父母乘坐的飞机安全着陆时，我松了一口气。 （心理描写）
【练透】 单句语法填空
① （relief）， she went home with a weight lifted off her
heart.
②He came to tell us that the work had been successfully completed，
which made us smile relief.
③The new secretary will contribute to relieving us some of the
paperwork.
Relieved
with
of
【写美】 一句多译
④发现我妹妹已经适应了新环境，我感到很欣慰。
→ find my sister had adjusted to the new
surroundings.
→ ， I found my sister had adjusted to the new
surroundings.
It was a relief to
To my relief
shortage n.短缺，不足，缺乏
【教材原句】 Freshwater shortage （less than 1，000
m3/capita/year） 淡水缺乏（每人每年不到1，000立方米）
（1）a shortage of ... 缺乏……
food/housing/water shortage 食物/住房/用水短缺
（2）short adj. 缺少的；短的；矮的
be short of 缺少……
be short for 是……的缩写/简称
in short 总之，简言之
for short 作为简称
have a short memory 记性差
【用法】
【佳句】 There’s no shortage of ideas when it comes to improving the
education of children.
谈到改善孩子的教育，大家都想法很多。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Nursing homes in Beijing are short 20，000 workers due to high
stress.
②Food （short） will long be a worldwide problem though
much has been done.
③The word NBA is short the National Basketball Association.
of
shortage
for
【写美】 补全句子
④ ， I think we should remember his contributions to our
country and learn from him.
总之，我认为我们应记住他对国家的贡献，并向他学习。
In short
effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的
【教材原句】 Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective
to supply Africa with fresh water.
现在勾选你认为向非洲供应淡水最有效的解决方案。
（1）effect n. 效果；影响；作用
have an effect on ... 对……有影响
bring/put ...into effect 使……生效；实行……
come into effect＝take effect 生效
in effect 实际上；生效
cause and effect 因果
（2）affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭，使感染
【用法】
【佳句】 They decided to take effective measures.Moreover， they
would establish a water-saving foundation.
他们决定采取有效措施。此外，他们将建立一个节水基金会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①In my opinion， go outdoors and play team games with your friends，
which is an （effect） way to get rid of anger.
②Much to his relief， the new rule came effect at last.
③ effect， the twins differ from each other in many ways.
effective
into
In
【写美】 补全句子
④Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems， which
Chinese culture.
李白创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。
have a great
effect on
earn v.挣（钱）；赢得，博得
【教材原句】 At first， his plan was to earn money to build a single
well somewhere in Africa.
起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲某个地方挖一口井。
（1）earn/make a living 谋生
earn money 挣钱
earn sb sth＝earn sth for sb 为某人赢得某物
earn the respect of sb 赢得某人的尊敬
（2）earnings n. （复数）薪水，工资
【用法】
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I had no idea where my father worked， nor how he earned
living.
【写美】 补全句子
②His kindness
.
他的善良为他赢得了一个好名声。
a
earned him a good reputation/earned a good reputation
for him
donate v.捐赠，捐献
【教材原句】 He started to ask for help from his classmates and
neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.他开始向他的同学和
邻居求助，劝说他们捐款。
【用法】
（1）donate ...to ... 向……捐赠……
（2）donation n. 捐献，捐赠；捐款
make a donation to ... 向……捐赠
（3）donor n. 捐赠者
（4）donated adj. 捐赠的
【佳句】 I want to donate the money I earned from my part-time jobs to
the foundation.
我想把我从兼职工作中挣来的钱捐给这个基金会。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This time she was told that if a suitable （donate） could be
found， a kidney transplant was the best option.
②Your （donate） will be used to help the students from
mountain villages.
donor
donation
【写美】 补全句子
③It is reported that the businessman our
school.
据报道，那个商人向我们学校捐了一百万美元。
donated a million dollars to
break into a smile 突然笑起来
【教材原句】 He broke into a joyful smile.他突然高兴地笑了。
【用法】
break into 破门而入；闯入；突然……起来
break in 强行进入；插嘴
break out （战争、火灾等）爆发；突然发生
break down 停止运转，出故障；分解；垮掉
break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；（关系等）破裂；散开，解散
break away （from ...） 突然离开；（从……中）脱离
【佳句】 Don’t break in when he is telling his own story.他讲自己的
故事时，不要插嘴。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①She just broke with her boyfriend. Make sure that you are
sensitive to her feelings.
②His car broke on the way， and that was why he was late for
the meeting.
③Nowadays many farmers want to break away farming and
make a living in cities.
up
down
from
【写美】 补全句子
④The teacher’s eyes sparkled and .
老师的眼睛闪闪发光，突然笑起来。 （神态描写）
broke into a smile
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：that引导同位语从句
【教材原句】 As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy， Ryan had
trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in
developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲
国家，许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。
【用法】
同位语从句用来说明其所修饰的名词的具体内容，通常由that引导，
常放在名词advice， demand， doubt， suggestion， truth， wish，
word等之后。
【点津】 that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，
在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作
用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，不能省略。
【写美】 微写作
①他的健康每况愈下的消息使我们很难过。
The news makes us sad.
②他给我的建议是我应该停止抱怨。
He gave me the suggestion .
试比较下面两个例句：
I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea （that） this book gives you？（that引导定语从
句，作宾语，可以省略）
that his health is failing
that I should stop complaining
③我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。
There is no possibility
.
④我们相信张伟会遵守诺言。
We hold the belief .
that we will finish the work in such a short
time
that Zhang Wei will keep his promise
句型公式：“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
【教材原句】 After several months， Ryan had raised the $2，000，
with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.几个月
后，瑞安筹到了2，000美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建
起了一口井。
【用法】
句中with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda是“介
词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。
（1）在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用
which，指人用whom，不能用that或who代替，也不可省略。但如果
介词后置，则不受这种限制。
（2）介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则：“一
先”，即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”，即根
据定语从句中的动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；
“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
（3）关系副词when， where， why可用“介词＋which”来代替。
【品悟】 There comes Tom，for whom I have been waiting an hour or
so.
汤姆来了，我等了他大约一个小时。
【写美】 微写作/同义句转换
①他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。
He handed me a pen， .
②我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。
The university， ， is very
famous.
with which I wrote down his phone number
in which my elder brother once studied
③I still remember the day when we met for the first time.
→I still remember the day， we met for the first time.
④I don’t know the reason why the house is so dirty.
→I don’t know the reason， the house is so dirty.
on which
for which
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. I took off my shoes and socks and played in the （喷水
池） with other children.
2. The show was held to encourage students to （回收利用）
their trash and protect the environment.
3. The organisation aimed at helping children in remote areas
is （资助） by several local companies.
fountain
recycle
funded
4. You should be clear about the （内部的） structure of a
building.
5. She e a good income and has flexible working hours.
6. The project would give scientists new i into what is happening
to the Earth’s atmosphere.
internal
arns
nsights
维度二：词形转换
1. I have no idea what （effect） measures our school will
take to strengthen our listening skills.
2. The （short） of water has become a global problem that
needs to be solved urgently.
3. Yuan Longping， who passed away on 22 May 2021， made a
great （contribute） to China’s agriculture.
4. All the （donate） received by the charity are to help
the disabled children.
effective
shortage
contribution
donations
5. The （realise） of the situation is that unless we find some
new funding soon， the youth centre will have to close.
6. Knowing that the new couple led a satisfying life， all their relatives
sighed with （relieve）.
7. They showed great （persevere） in the face of
difficulties.
8. Their （earn） are embarrassing，when it comes to the
high house price.
reality
relief
perseverance
earnings
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. With all the efforts， the result of the experiment did not
（证明是） to be the way the researchers had expected.
2. When the teacher announced the good news， she
（突然笑了起来） happily.
3. With her experience， she would
（找工作不成问题）.
4. I will help （建立） the English corner， providing us
students a platform to practice our oral English.
turn out
broke into a
smile
have no trouble in getting a job
set up
5. As long as everyone gives a bit of his own love， it will
（有影响） to the whole world.
6. If the learners of online learning cannot control themselves well， they
will not （受益于） online learning.
7. Word came （他的诗获得了一等
奖）.
8. We saw a new play at the theatre，
（在这之后我们在一家餐馆吃了晚饭）.
make a
difference
benefit from
that his poem won first prize
after which we had supper at a
restaurant
维度四：课文语法填空
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy， Ryan had difficulty
1. （believe） the words spoken by his teacher that many
people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean
water.So Ryan decided 2. （help）.
believing
to help
To begin with， he planned to earn money to build a single well
somewhere in Africa.He cleaned windows and did gardening for his
family and neighbours， and soon reached his first target of $70.But when
he gave the money to a charity， he 3. （tell） that it
4. （actual） cost $2，000 to build a well.He then
persuaded his classmates and neighbours to donate money.His mother’s
friend also helped him.Eventually， after several 5.
（month）， he raised enough money， with which a well was built near
a primary school in Uganda.
was told
actually
months
Ryan was invited to visit Uganda.He saw the 6.
（finish） well with his own eyes.He also saw hundreds of delighted
students 7. had turned out to welcome him.He really had
made 8. difference for these children.Later， Ryan’s experience
led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.
finished
who/that
a
Now， Ryan is an adult.He says that the question to ask is not
“Why don’t I help？”， 9. “How can I help today？”.This
insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had
the courage and perseverance to make his dream a 10.
（real）.
but
reality
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I’m approaching the Knight Street Bridge as I try to get home after
work. It’s 5：15 pm. Traffic is slowing down and then it comes to a full
stop. I’m stuck even before getting on the bridge.
This has become my normal work commute （上下班往返）
routine. Ahead of me is a heavily jammed on-ramp （匝道）. I stare at
the endless rows of vehicles， depressed. Seconds pass. Minutes pass.
Looking at the rows of cars and trucks， I start counting — 299， 300，
301 — and I give up.
Suddenly I remember I’m one of the 300 helpless drivers. When the
cars do move， I move carefully， making sure not to knock into other
vehicles. Finally， I make it onto the bridge. The traffic is still crawling
at a snail’s pace. Tired and hungry， I become very anxious.
Just then， I hear a faint sound in the distance. The sound gradually
becomes louder， until I can identify it as an emergency vehicle
approaching from behind. What do we do？ The bridge is packed.
There’s no room for us to move.
But I’m wrong. Every single car quickly， yet carefully， moves to
the side. Without thinking， I follow suit. The lane remains open for a
few seconds during which the ambulance flashes through.
Afterward， every car moves back into formation （队形）. We
close up the emergency lane， continuing our patient wait. Back in my
spot， I’m awestruck. My exhaustion and anxiety are gone. I start
reflecting upon what 300 fellow drivers and I just did.
Despite our exhaustion， we all decided to help the stranger who
needed the time more desperately than we did. We drew on our
compassion （同情心） and intelligence， requiring no orders. Although
I may seem alone stuck on the bridge， I’m connected to all the other
drivers. Together we could make the impossible possible.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班回家堵在拥挤的车道上，
这时一辆救护车从后面驶来，人们都自发让出车道，让救护车顺利
通过，这一举动展现了人性的善良。
1. How does the author feel when seeing the on-ramp？（ ）
A. Calm. B. Shocked.
C. Delighted. D. Discouraged.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Ahead of me is a
heavily ...of vehicles， depressed.可知，当看到拥挤不堪的入口匝
道时，作者感到沮丧。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者下班回家堵在拥挤的车道上，
这时一辆救护车从后面驶来，人们都自发让出车道，让救护车顺利
通过，这一举动展现了人性的善良。
2. What does the author think when knowing an ambulance is
approaching？（ ）
A. All drivers will be willing to move.
B. It will be hard for it to pass through.
C. Someone should direct the traffic.
D. Whoever is inside needs immediate help.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，作者认为桥上
挤满了车，没有移动的空间让救护车通过。由此可知，当知道救护
车即将到来时，作者认为它将很难通过。
3. What does the underlined word “awestruck” in Paragraph 6 most
probably mean？（ ）
A. Deeply doubtful.
B. Extremely confused.
C. Feeling confident.
D. Filled with amazement.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，桥上的车辆全部自
发地让出车道，让救护车顺利通过。由此可知，这种善良的举动让
作者感到惊奇。
4. What does the author think made the miracle happen？（ ）
A. People’s kindness.
B. The drivers’ positive attitude.
C. Instructions from a stranger.
D. The drivers’ good driving skills.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，我们发挥我们
的同情心，展现了人性的善良，在无任何指令的情况下，帮助了比
我们更迫切需要时间的陌生人。由此推知，作者认为是人们的善良
促成了奇迹的发生。
B
When 19-year-old Emily Bhatnagar from Maryland， USA， found
out her father had stage four thyroid （甲状腺） cancer， her response
was a little different than you might expect. To honour her father， who
she also describes as her best friend， she decided to start a book drive
called For Love and Buttercup， collecting books for kids with cancer.
“It was very much an overnight idea，” she explains. “I posted a
message on an app called Nextdoor asking my neighbours for used book
donations. I was only expecting a few here and there， but the response
was truly incredible， and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my
grief rather than letting it consume me.”
“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad go through cancer
and see him lose a little bit of himself each day， but the book drive
allowed me to develop a new-found sense of purpose combined with an
even greater sense of compassion to help others in any shape or form. I
wanted to help kids. They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart.”
Using tips she earns from working at her parents’ bread shop，
Emily has bought many books out of her own pocket. In addition， she
receives donations through her Amazon wish list， which can be found in
the bio of the book drive’s Instagram account.
Emily and her older brother spent a whole summer driving around
town， loading boxes of books into their car. “It was such an honour
knowing people have carried these books all their lives through
generations， and they wanted to gift them to my cause.”
The project has seen huge success， with For Love and Buttercup
donating over 15，000 books and being recognized by The Washington
Post， Forbes， The President’s Volunteer Service Award and Lady
Gaga’s Born This Way Foundation.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了向抗癌的父亲表示
敬意，来自美国马里兰州的Emily Bhatnagar发起了一场图书募捐活
动， 为患癌的儿童筹集书籍。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了向抗癌的父亲表示
敬意，来自美国马里兰州的Emily Bhatnagar发起了一场图书募捐活
动， 为患癌的儿童筹集书籍。
5. Why did Emily decide to start a book drive？（ ）
A. To show respect for her sick father.
B. To raise money for kids with cancer.
C. To recycle used books from neighbours.
D. To draw more attention from the media.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，为了表示对生
病的父亲的尊重，Emily决定发起一场募捐活动。
6. What can we learn about Emily from Paragraph 3？（ ）
A. Emily didn’t give up in the face of difficulties.
B. Helping kids brought Emily great joy and pride.
C. Emily was well aware of what her life was all about.
D. Emily’s story deeply touched the hearts of kids she had helped.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的It was absolutely
heartbreaking ...any shape or form.可知，Emily很清楚她的人生真
谛是什么。
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs？（ ）
A. The book drive was highly thought of.
B. The book drive earned Emily fame and fortune.
C. Emily was honoured to know many kind people.
D. Emily received a lot of support from the news media.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的It was such an
honour ...和最后一段中的The project has seen huge success ...可
知，图书活动受到高度评价。
8. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. A father’s moving story of fighting cancer.
B. People’s responses to a girl’s act of kindness.
C. A girl’s courage to conquer challenges in life.
D. A book drive launched to collect books for kids with cancer.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Emily
Bhatnagar发起了一场图书募捐活动，为患癌的儿童筹集书籍。
C
This year a group called Teach for America （TFA） saw an increase
in applications by 36 per cent.The organization recruits （招聘） college
graduates to help fill a teacher shortage in less developed areas of
America.The organization’s leaders say some college graduates prefer to
take the positions in public service during the economic downturn but
many feel a renewed spirit of public service.
“Teaching is much harder than I expected.Changing the world is
never easy，” says Loren Heinbach.She has made up her mind to
become a teacher to address the imbalance in education that exists between
rich and poor communities.
Heinbach is one of over 6，000 TFA members， recent college
graduates who volunteer to teach children in poor inner cities and rural
public schools.She gives up possible work in medicine or law which will
pay much more later on.Instead， she takes a teaching job at the KIPP
Academy.
The school is in a neighbourhood of Washington， DC. The students
there traditionally perform in the lowest 25％ of national standards.Vice
Principal Kristy Ochs says the school is working hard to improve the
quality of education， but it is difficult to find teachers willing to do the
hard work.
Ochs also gets her start in TFA. Two-thirds of members stay in
education after their two-year service ends.She says these new teachers
make every effort to teach school.
Heinbach’s students say she has high standards and
expectations.One student says， “You have to really pay attention.The
questions may seem easy， but if you make the wrong decision on a
question， it’s like you really messed up.” “She also likes us to take
notes.And I do thank her because she is getting us ready for college，”
another student adds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了TFA的成员Heinbach去美
国欠发达地区志愿教书的经历。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了TFA的成员Heinbach去美
国欠发达地区志愿教书的经历。
9. What’s the purpose of TFA recruiting college students？（ ）
A. To send more teachers to poor areas.
B. To create well-paid jobs.
C. To grow its business.
D. To earn high praise from the government.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The organization recruits
（招聘） college graduates to help fill a teacher shortage in less
developed areas of America.可知，TFA招聘大学毕业生是为了弥补
美国贫困地区短缺的教师资源。
10. Why does Loren Heinbach choose to take a teaching job？（ ）
A. She will get an increase in pay soon.
B. She failed to get into the public service.
C. She tries to live up to her parents’ expectation.
D. She wants to change the imbalanced education.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的She has made up her mind
to ...that exists between rich and poor communities.可知，Loren
Heinbach 选择教书是为了改变不均衡的教育现状。
11. What can we know about the KIPP Academy？（ ）
A. Its teachers are experienced.
B. Its teachers dislike schooling.
C. Its students perform badly in study.
D. Its students are from rich families.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The students there
traditionally perform in the lowest 25％ of national standards.可知，
KIPP Academy的学生成绩较差。
12. Which word best describes Loren Heinbach as a teacher？（ ）
A. Strict. B. Regretful.
C. Lucky. D. Stressed.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Heinbach’s students
say she has high standards and expectations.可推断，Loren Heinbach
是一位严厉的老师。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Find Your Potential
Personal potential is all about hard work and strategy.Here are four
tips that will guide you on finding motivation and putting it to good use.
Know Your Inner Voice
13. （ ） Bear in mind that you’re not looking for your
potential here but only finding out what you truly want in life.Your
potential is finally what you work for.It’s best to work for things that you
want so that you enjoy the process.
Make Efforts
Once you’ve planned a suitable final goal， it’s time to make an
effort.Understanding your potential requires big efforts in the right
direction.It won’t just click one day randomly.14.（ ）
Set Milestones （里程碑）
One mistake that a lot of people make in hopes of understanding their
potential is aiming for the stars on the first go.15.（ ） That’s not
how you get successful.It’s the baby steps that take you to your goal.
When you set milestones， try to break down the long-term process
into smaller parts.16.（ ）
Accept Failures
Bear in mind that you’re only getting started.Even if something is
your passion， you can’t possibly be perfect at it at once.Failures are
part of every success story.It’s all right to have some unexpected things
here and there.Don’t let them demotivate you.17.（ ） It only
means you’re learning more， and that will finally help you grow beyond
limits.
A. You have to work to find answers.
B. The secret is to celebrate the little successes.
C. You can then work towards your other option.
D. Step by step， you open the way to your big goal.
E. The first step towards success is to listen to yourself.
F. Failing does not mean that you have to change your path.
G. They set their mind on the bigger picture and directly go for it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条关于如何发掘个人
潜力的建议。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条关于如何发掘个人
潜力的建议。
13. E 根据Know Your Inner Voice和空后一句可知，要想弄明白自
己真正想要的东西，就要先了解自己的内心。故E项（走向成功的第
一步是倾听自己的内心）符合语境。E项中的listen to yourself呼应小
标题中的Your Inner Voice。
14. A 上文指出了解你的潜力需要你在正确的方向上付出巨大的努
力，而不是某一天突然就能领悟到。故A项（你必须努力去寻找答
案）承接上文，符合语境。A项中的find answers呼应上文中的
Understanding your potential。click意为“突然明白，豁然开朗”。
15. G 上文指出有些人想一下子就了解自己的潜力，下文指出那不
是取得成功的方式，因此本空应该与那些人的做法相关。故G项（他
们把注意力放在更大的愿景上，然后直接就去做）符合语境。G项中
的They指代上文中的a lot of people，且set their mind on the bigger
picture呼应上文中的aiming for the stars。aim for the stars志存高远，心
比天高；first go第一次尝试。
16. D 根据Set Milestones （里程碑）以及It’s the baby steps that
take you to your goal.和try to break down the long-term process into
smaller parts可知，作者建议逐步地实现目标。故D项（逐步地，你将
迈向自己的大目标）指出制定阶段性目标的结果，符合语境。
17. F 根据上文内容可知，失败是成功的一部分，作者建议要接受失
败；再根据空后一句可知，设空处应指出It指代什么，且与失败产生
的影响有关。故F项（失败并不意味着你必须改变你的道路）与下文
内容形成转折关系，符合语境。下文中的It指代F项中的Failing，且F
项中的mean与下文中的means是原词复现。
谢谢观看！
