Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.As is known to all，water （传导） heat faster than air.
2.Made of （金属）， the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 meters high.
3.There was a sudden （闪光） of lightning， which lit everything up for a second.
4.We should （起草） a proposal and discuss it at the meeting before any decision is made.
5.To test the effect on eating habits， the researchers conducted two （实验）.
6.The police insisted that Michael didn’t follow the correct p in applying for a visa.
7.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called g .
8.Some f appeared without the names of the authors， often with something like “by a lady”.
维度二：词形转换
1.After three weeks’ discussion， they will sign the （declare） tomorrow.
2.The scientist devoted himself （entire） to his research， which turned out to be a success.
3.There is no （prove） that the disappearance of bees has a close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
4.There is （science） evidence to support our belief that being surrounded by plants is good for health.
5.After graduation， he has been working in a middle school，which is （attach） to Nanjing Normal University.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The couple were walking in the woods when suddenly a branch （击中妻子的头）.
2. （他的父母和杰克都没有被认出来） when they entered the room.
3.The teacher told me the fact （决心和努力工作使她成功了）.
4. （除……以外） cleaning the yard and making the bed for the old， we also read newspapers to them and chatted with them.
5.It’s believed that the manager is able to （想出） new ways to solve the difficult problem.
6.The guqin， （与……一起） the game of Go， calligraphy and painting， was expected to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in Ancient China.
7. （不止一个） person has a good command of English in the research unit.
维度四：课文语法填空
Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.Apart 1. being a successful statesman，he was also a 2. （create） scientist and inventor.
Benjamin Franklin 3. （fly） a kite during a storm in 1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4. （tie） to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key and got 5. electric shock.
Generations of children have been amazed by his 6. （brave）and his scientific approach to 7. （look） for the truth.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8. really happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9. （actual） touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
In science，facts should 10. （prove）by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
NAO， the first robot able to show feelings， has been created by a European research team.When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero， a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal expressions.”
“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop online.” In these situations， the display of emotions， will be important in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorize faces， and knows the basic rules of good and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides for itself when to display them.
NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room， while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety，” she says.
1.According to the text， what do we know about NAO？（ ）
A.It displays different feelings in different situations. B.It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C.It can remember people’s feelings. D.It learns emotions from facial expressions.
2.What can we learn from the text？（ ）
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s emotions.
B.The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
3.What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（ ）
A.Courage. B.Anxiety.
C.Anger. D.Satisfaction.
4.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.The relationship between humans and robots.
B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show feelings.
D.The long history of robots.
B
Charles Darwin was a very famous scientist who lived in the 1800s.His ideas about evolution （进化） completely changed the way scientists understand the natural world.He recorded his ideas in notebooks marked with letters of the alphabet （字母表）， which have been considered extremely important for showing how he developed the evolution.
The Cambridge University Library had several of Mr Darwin’s notebooks.The two that were missing were kept in a small box， and were last seen in 2000.In 2001， someone noticed that the box was missing.Luckily， the library had taken pictures of the notebooks’ pages， so the information wasn’t completely lost.
In 2020， the library made a huge effort to find the notebooks.Workers searched through the 10 million books and other things in the library， but they didn’t find the notebooks.Finally， the library asked people around the world to help look for the notebooks.They officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would search for them.
Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently： in a pink gift bag with a note that said “Librarian， Happy Easter， X”.People at the library quickly recognised the blue box that the notebooks had been stored in.Inside a brown envelope they found the two missing notebooks， tightly wrapped in plastic.After the police had examined the package， library workers were able to open and carefully study the notebooks.They were pleased to learn that the notebooks were in good shape.They hadn’t been damaged and they weren’t missing any pages.
The timing of the return is perfect.The library was planning a show called “Darwin in Conversation”， which is set to open in July.Now the missing notebooks can be part of that show.
5.What did Darwin write in his notebooks？（ ）
A.Scientists’ ideas about society.
B.The stories of his family.
C.His thoughts of evolution.
D.The development of the alphabet.
6.Why were the missing notebooks reported to have been stolen？（ ）
A.Because the library wanted to turn to the police for help.
B.Because the library didn’t want to take on responsibility for the loss.
C.Because the library discovered a librarian stole the notebooks.
D.Because the library realized the notebooks couldn’t be found.
7.How did the librarians feel about the notebooks’ return？（ ）
A.Proud. B.Nervous.
C.Unconcerned. D.Surprised.
8.What will happen to the notebooks？（ ）
A.They will be on exhibition.
B.They will be hidden forever.
C.They will be sold on a show.
D.They will be returned to the owner.
C
“In 2003， the Human Genome （基因组） Project made history when it sequenced （测定序列） 92% of the human genome. But for nearly twenty years since， scientists have made efforts to translate the remaining 8%. Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists from the Telomere-to-Telomere （T2T） Consortium has uncovered the complete human genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety，” the researchers said.
“Having this complete information will allow us to better understand how we form as an individual organism and how we vary not just between other humans but other species，” Evan Eichler， a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Washington and the research leader， said Thursday.
The new research introduces 400 million letters to the previously sequenced DNA — an entire chromosome’s worth. The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.
The research， published in the journal Science on Thursday， was previously in preprint， allowing other teams to use the sequence in their own studies.
Until now， it was unclear what these unknown genes coded.
“It turns out that these genes are incredibly important for adaptation，” Eichler said.“They contain immune response genes that help us to adapt and survive infections and plagues and viruses.They contain genes that are very important in terms of predicting drug response.”
“For now， it’s still too expensive and time-consuming for everyone to sequence their own genome. But research is underway that uses this genome to judge whether certain genetic differences are connected with specific cancers. Knowing the genetic variations could also allow doctors to better tailor treatments，” said Michael Schatz， another researcher on the team and a professor of computer science and biology at Johns Hopkins University.
Charles Rotimi， scientific director of the National Human Genome Research Institute， said in a statement that this scientific achievement is “moving us closer to individualized medicine for all humanity”. Rotimi was not involved in the research.
9.What can we say about the human genome？（ ）
A.It made history in 2003.
B.It is similar between humans.
C.It has been sequenced completely.
D.It will make us know each other well.
10.What does the full genome mean to scientists according to the third paragraph？（ ）
A.They may write it in the journal Science.
B.They may use it to survive infections.
C.They can analyze if it functions in illness.
D.They can relate it to a certain disease.
11.How could people benefit from sequencing their own genome？（ ）
A.They could succeed in the field of medicine.
B.They might get personalized treatment.
C.They might be closer to great achievement.
D.They could connect gene with cancers.
12.What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A.Why Scientists Research the Complete Human Genome
B.The Full Human Genome Benefits Human Beings
C.How Scientists Sequenced the Full Human Genome
D.The Complete Human Genome Was First Uncovered
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Red Cross Apps Guide Survivalists
through Natural Disasters
Red Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster. 13.（ ）
Emergency App
For an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe， the Emergency App is the answer.14.（ ） Users can also customize their alerts according to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor activity in multiple places.
Earthquake App
15.（ ） And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly doubled last year. With the Earthquake App， you’ll receive real-time alerts and notifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.
Hurricane App
This is a must-have for people in hurricane areas. 16.（ ） Much like the Earthquake App， it will supply you with details for staying safe in this circumstance.
Shelter Finder App
In case your emergency shelter wasn’t built to withstand whatever disaster came your way， the Shelter Finder App uses data from the National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the country. Other than the address， the app also supplies you with details such as the agency running the shelter， capacity and current population of the shelter， among others.17.（ ）
A.The global earthquake rate is rising.
B.Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.
C.It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency situations.
D.These details are updated within every thirty minutes， so you’ll always stay posted.
E.Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the proper precautions.
F.The modern survivalist knows your smartphone is the best tool to keep you on your feet.
G.For other apps specific to a natural disaster， the Red Cross also has apps for floods， tornadoes， and wildfires.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，英语课上，老师要求就应用人工智能（artificial intelligence）的利弊进行讨论，请你代表小组写一篇发言稿，说明讨论的结果。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.conducts 2.metal 3.flash 4.draft 5.experiments
6.procedure 7.gravity 8.fictions
维度二
1.declaration 2.entirely 3.proof 4.scientific 5.attached
维度三
1.hit the wife on the head
2.Neither his parents nor Jack was recognised
3.that determination and hard work made her successful
4.Apart from
5.come up with
6.along with
7.More than one
维度四
1.from 2.creative 3.flew 4.tied 5.an 6.bravery
7.looking 8.what 9.actually 10.be proved
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.可知，当NAO伤心时，它会低下头；当它开心时，它会伸出手臂要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的情绪。
2.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子们有一个小的、友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更舒服。
3.B 词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由此可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出“焦虑”（的情绪）。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是19世纪著名科学家达尔文的两本标有关于进化论观点的笔记本丢失以及回归的故事。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的He recorded his ideas in notebooks marked with ...for showing how he developed the evolution.可知，该笔记本中标注的是他关于进化论的思想。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would search for them.可知，将遗失的笔记本报告为被盗可以得到全世界警察的帮助。
7.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently可知，对于笔记本的回归，图书管理员感到很惊讶。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Now the missing notebooks can be part of that show.可知，两个笔记本有可能会成为接下来展览的一部分。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整的人类基因组，为遗传变异、疾病研究以及个性化医疗提供了重要的见解。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists ... the complete human genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety可知，人类基因组测序已经全部完成。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.可知，对于科学家们来说，测定完整的人类基因组可以让他们分析人与人之间的DNA有何区别以及基因变异在疾病方面是否起作用。
11.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的moving us closer to individualized medicine可知，对自己的基因组进行测序让我们离个性化治疗更近一步。B项中的personalized意为“个性化的”。
12.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文首段提出研究结论，科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整的人类基因组，下文具体说明这一发现的意义。因此，D项（完整的人类基因组首次被揭露）最适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个可以指导幸存者度过自然灾害的应用程序。
13.B 根据空前一句可知，红十字会有很多应用程序，它们能在自然灾害中帮助你。B项（每个应用程序都可以在iOS和Android设备上使用）符合语境，说明在哪里可以获得这些应用程序。
14.C 空前一句提到了应用程序可以给予人们参考。C项（它载有关于35种以上不同类型紧急情况的资料）符合语境。
15.A 根据Earthquake App可知，本段主要介绍地震应用程序，且空后一句提到去年高震级地震的数量几乎翻了一番。A项（全球地震频率正在上升）符合语境。
16.E 根据Hurricane App可知，本段主要介绍飓风应用程序，故空处应说明此应用程序有何用处。E项（跟踪风暴和你所在地区的情况，这样你就可以采取适当的预防措施）符合语境。
17.D 上文提到此应用程序还为你提供详细信息，D项（这些详细信息每30分钟更新一次，所以你会随时了解最新情况）符合语境，D项中的details与空前一句中的details相呼应。
Ⅲ.
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
Hi everybody.Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
On the one hand， it goes without saying that AI has brought much convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus， AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand， AI is becoming too smart nowadays， concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However， AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
That’s our opinion.Thank you.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True？
Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations② of children to science.[1]However， new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
[1]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导宾语从句；suggests在此处意为“表明”，其后的宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气。
[2]The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752.At that time， there was much interest in electricity⑥.[3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was really produced by electricity or something else.Franklin was one of them.He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it.A metal⑩ key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite， and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock .This， he said， proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
For many years， schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.[4]Franklin， along with many other scientists， has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
[2]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导表语从句。
[3]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
[4]本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；in order to establish the truth and to contribute ...在从句中作目的状语。
However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.[5]Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place ， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity .[6]In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.[7]But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
[5]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句，其中that引导主语从句，it作形式主语；what引导宾语从句。
[6]本句是主从复合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that 引导的宾语从句；其中while引导让步状语从句，that it hit him on the head是that 引导的同位语从句。
[7]本句是并列复合句。第二个and连接两个并列分句；在第二个分句中，not和always连用表示部分否定，we read or hear是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything；even if引导让步状语从句。
【读文清障】
①experiment n.（科学）实验
②generation n.一代人；同辈人
③fiction n.虚构的事，想象的事
④instead of 而不是；代替
⑤fly a kite 放风筝
⑥electricity n.电；电能
electrical adj.电的；用电的；发电的
⑦lightning n.闪电
⑧string n.线；细绳；一串；一系列
v.悬挂；系；扎
⑨tie ...to ...把……系在……上
⑩metal n.金属
attach v.系，绑；贴
be attached to
被固定到/附在……上
flash n.闪光
hit v.（hit， hit）打；击；碰撞
conduct v.传导（热、电）
electric shock 电击，触电
bravery n.勇气
brave adj.勇敢的
approach n.方式；方法；接近
v.靠近；接近
along with 与……一起
scientific adj.科学（上）的
scientific experiment 科学实验
establish v.确定，证实；建立，创立
establishment n.创立；建立；建设
contribute v.贡献；捐赠；捐助
contribute towards 有助于，为……做贡献/捐助
detail n.细节；琐事；消息
entirely adv.完全地，彻底地
entire adj.完全的；整个的
take place 发生
die from 死于
come up with 提出；想出
theory n.学说，理论
gravity n.重力，引力
account n.记述，描述
v.认为是；视为
account for 解释；说明
proof n.证明，证据
prove v.证明，证实
admittedly adv.诚然，确实
spirit n.精神，心灵；情绪，心境
exploration n.探索；探究；探测
explore v.探索；探究；探测
【参考译文】
富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？
本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究显示，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并非事实。
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国的开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。那时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天，细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上，富兰克林随即用手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一种形式。
许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之一。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑，以求证事实。一些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
诚然，虚构常常比事实更为有趣。人们更多是为富兰克林的科学探索精神所激励，而非事实本身。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1.What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A.Whether the story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B.The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C.The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D.The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
2.From the first two paragraphs， what do we know about the experiment？（ ）
A.Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B.Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C.People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
D.As a scientist， Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
3.What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story？（ ）
A.His bravery and scientific approach.
B.The kite with a key tied to the string.
C.The stormy weather with lightning.
D.His touching on the metal key.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the story of Franklin’s experiment？（ ）
A.Doubtful.
B.Curious.
C.Supportive.
D.Not mentioned.
5.What is TRUE about Newton’s story？（ ）
A.The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton’s head.
B.Scientists like to question everything around them.
C.Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D.The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1.In your opinion， what qualities should a great scientist have？
2.In what ways do scientists contribute to society？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place为Although引导的 从句，该从句中it为 ，that Franklin’s experiment took place为 ；what really happened为what引导的 从句。
自主翻译
2.But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
句式分析 本句为并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句；and后的分句为复合句，we read or hear为省略关系代词 的 从句，修饰先行词 ；even if it is a great story为even if引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
declaration n.声明，宣告
【教材原句】 Benjamin Franklin （1706－1790） was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.
本杰明·富兰克林（1706－1790年）是美国开国元勋之一，并帮助起草了《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》。
【用法】
declare v. 宣布，宣称；声明 declare war on ... 对……宣战 declare against/for 声明反对/支持…… declare sb/sth （to be） ＋名词/形容词 宣布某人/事为…… declare ...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
【佳句】 The museum has a copy of the country’s Declaration of Independence.
这家博物馆珍藏着该国的一份《独立宣言》。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly the policy，which made them unhappy.
②In 1939， Hitler declared war Poland， which started the Second World War.
【写美】 补全句子
③The instant the ceremony ， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来。
attach v.系，绑；贴；使依恋；重视
【教材原句】 A metal key was attached to the string.细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。
【用法】
（1）attach sth to ... 把某物连接到/附在……上 attach oneself to ... 依附……；缠着…… attach importance/significance/value to ... 重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 （2）attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的 be attached to 被连接到……；爱慕；附属于 （3）attachment n. 附件，附属物
【佳句】 Chinese people attach great importance to the seating order at formal dinners.
中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次排序。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You can send an email with a sound as an （attach）.
②After graduation，he has been working in a hospital， which is attached the medical college nearby.
【写美】 补全句子
③She found a box lying on the table it， saying “Happy birthday”.
她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，写着“生日快乐”。
along with 与……一起
【教材原句】 Franklin， along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
【用法】
当with，along with，together with，as well as，in addition to，rather than，including等连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与前面的名词或代词保持一致。
【佳句】 She lost her job when the factory closed， along with hundreds of others.
工厂倒闭时，她和其他数以百计的人一起失去了工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Now the teacher together with the students （be） discussing reading skills.
②The students， rather than their teacher， （be） going to have a picnic this weekend.
【写美】 补全句子
③I Sanya on the first day.
第一天，我和我的父母将一起坐飞机去三亚。
account n.记述，描述；报道；账户 v.说明；解释
【教材原句】 In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
【用法】
（1）account for 是……的原因；导致；占……（比例） （2）on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装） （3） take account of＝take ...into account/consideration 考虑……
【佳句】 I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我真诚地希望您能考虑我的建议。我期待着尽快得到您的回复。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The majority of people were drowned account of lack of enough lifeboats.
②The minority nationalities account six per cent of the whole population.
③His exam results were not very good， but we must take account his long illness.
【写美】 句式升级
④You should on no account leave the door unlocked.
→ the door unlocked.（倒装句）
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。
【用法】
neither ...nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。 （1）neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近一致”原则。 （2）若将neither ...nor ...句型变为肯定句，只需把neither ...nor ...改为both ...and ...即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。 （3）neither可以单独使用，作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。 （4）当表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答。其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
【写美】 微写作
①昨天我和我的同学们都没有受到老师的惩罚。
by our teacher yesterday.
②昆明是一个美丽的城市，那里一年四季都不太热也不太冷。
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s all the year around.
③如果乔的妻子不去参加聚会，他也不去。
If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party， .
句型公式：虚拟语气
【教材原句】 But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
【用法】
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法： （1）与现在事实相反时，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。 （2）与过去事实相反时，从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。 （3）与将来事实相反时，从句谓语用一般过去时（be用were）/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。
【品悟】 If you had followed my advice， you wouldn’t have run into trouble.如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会陷入困境了。
【写美】 微写作
①要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
If my brother were here，everything all right.
②如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。
If it tomorrow，we the sports meeting.
③要是没有你的帮助，我上周考试可能就通不过。
If it for your help， I the exam last week.
④玛丽是盲人。如果她能够看到这个光明的世界，她会满心欢喜。
Mary is blind.If she the bright world， she would be full of joy.
句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
【用法】
while的用法如下： （1）while 引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管”，相当于though/although。 （2）while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 （3）while连接并列句，表示对比或转折，意为“而；然而”。此时，while一般位于句中。
【品悟】 While the students came from different countries， they got along quite well in the summer camp.
虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但他们在夏令营里相处得很好。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①他对钱很吝啬而他的哥哥却很大方。
He is mean with money .
②尽管大卫在几公里内被绊倒了，但他仍坚持跑步。
，he insisted on running.
③While you are taking exercise， you must be cautious.
→ ， you must be cautious.（状语从句的省略）
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.fiction 2.electricity 3.kite 4.metal 5.lightning
6.has 7.entirely 8.inspired 9.spirit 10.facts
第二步
1－5 ADAAD
第三步
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
第四步
1.Persistence， devotion and interest.
2.Firstly， scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.Secondly， the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our lifespan.Thirdly， scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
第五步
1.让步状语 形式主语 真正的主语 宾语
虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
2.that 定语 everything 让步状语
但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①against ②on ③was declared open
2.①attachment ②to ③with a card attached to
3.①is ②are ③along with my parents am taking a flight to
4.①on ②for ③into ④On no account should you leave
重点句型解构
1.①Neither my classmates nor I was punished
②neither too hot nor too cold ③neither/nor will he
2.①would be
②rained/should rain/were to rain； would have to put off
③hadn’t been； would have failed ④were able to see
3.①while his brother is generous
②While/Although/Though David was tripped over within a few kilometers ③While taking exercise
9 / 9(共104张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True？
Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has
introduced generations② of children to science.[1]However， new
research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
[1]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导宾语从句；suggests在此处
意为“表明”，其后的宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气。
【读文清障】
①experiment n.（科学）实验
②generation n.一代人；同辈人
③fiction n.虚构的事，想象的事
④instead of 而不是；代替
[2]The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and
scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752.At that time， there was
much interest in electricity⑥.[3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was
really produced by electricity or something else.Franklin was one of
them.He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it.A metal⑩ key
was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite， and
electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then
touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock .This， he
said， proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
For many years， schools have taught the story of Franklin’s
lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been
amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the
truth.[4]Franklin， along with many other scientists，has inspired us
and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to
establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries
and inventions.
[2]本句是主从复合句。其中that引导表语从句。
[3]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。
[4]本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句；in order to
establish the truth and to contribute ...在从句中作目的状语。
⑤fly a kite 放风筝
⑥electricity n.电；电能
electrical adj.电的；用电的；发电的
⑦lightning n.闪电
⑧string n.线；细绳；一串；一系列
v.悬挂；系；扎
⑨tie ...to ...把……系在……上
⑩metal n.金属
attach v.系，绑；贴
be attached to
被固定到/附在……上
flash n.闪光
hit v.（hit， hit）打；击；碰撞
conduct v.传导（热、电）
electric shock 电击，触电
bravery n.勇气
brave adj.勇敢的
approach n.方式；方法；接近
v.靠近；接近
along with 与……一起
scientific adj.科学（上）的
scientific experiment 科学实验
establish v.确定，证实；建立，创立
establishment n.创立；建立；建设
contribute v.贡献；捐赠；捐助
contribute towards 有助于，为……做贡献/捐助
However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are
entirely true.[5]Although it has been proved that Franklin’s
experiment took place ， more than one scientist has questioned what
really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But
scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would
certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish
the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on
Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity
.[6]In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was
certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on
the head.
Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People
have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration
than by the facts themselves.[7]But in science， facts should be proved
by experiments and research， and we should not always believe
everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
[5]本句是主从复合句。句中Although引导让步状语从句，其中
that引导主语从句，it作形式主语；what引导宾语从句。
[6]本句是主从复合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that
引导的宾语从句；其中while引导让步状语从句，that it hit him on the
head是that 引导的同位语从句。
[7]本句是并列复合句。第二个and连接两个并列分句；在第二
个分句中，not和always连用表示部分否定，we read or hear是省略了
关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything；even if引导让步状
语从句。
detail n.细节；琐事；消息
entirely adv.完全地，彻底地
entire adj.完全的；整个的
take place 发生
die from 死于
come up with 提出；想出
theory n.学说，理论
gravity n.重力，引力
account n.记述，描述
v.认为是；视为
account for 解释；说明
proof n.证明，证据
prove v.证明，证实
admittedly adv.诚然，确实
spirit n.精神，心灵；情绪，心境
exploration n.探索；探究；探测
explore v.探索；探究；探测
【参考译文】
富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？
本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验已引领一代又一代的儿童
迈入科学世界。然而，新的研究显示，这个故事可能是虚构的，而并
非事实。
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国的开国元勋和科学家在1752
年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。那时，不少人对电感兴趣。人们想
知道闪电是否真的由电产生，还是另有源头。富兰克林就是其中之
一。他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天，细绳上绑着一把金属
钥匙。闪电击中风筝，电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上，富兰克林随即用
手指触碰钥匙，感受到了电击。他说，这一实验证明了闪电是电的一
种形式。
许多年来，富兰克林闪电实验的故事一直是学校的教学内容之
一。数代学生都叹服于富兰克林的勇气与追寻真理时采用的科学手
段。富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真
理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。虽然已证
实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学家还是对事实真相提出了
质疑。使用细绳和钥匙这一细节是真实的，但科学家们一致认为，如
果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。
科学家们常常对已被人们接受的观点提出质疑，以求证事实。一
些科学家甚至也怀疑过牛顿的故事：一个苹果掉下来砸中了牛顿的脑
袋，促使他提出了万有引力定律。事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然
牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰
巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
诚然，虚构常常比事实更为有趣。人们更多是为富兰克林的科学
探索精神所激励，而非事实本身。但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所
证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——
即使它是一个精彩的故事。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
1. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. Whether the story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B. The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C. The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D. The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
2. From the first two paragraphs， what do we know about the
experiment？（ ）
A. Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and
lightning.
B. Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C. People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s
experiment.
D. As a scientist， Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
3. What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story？（ ）
A. His bravery and scientific approach.
B. The kite with a key tied to the string.
C. The stormy weather with lightning.
D. His touching on the metal key.
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the story of Franklin’s
experiment？（ ）
A. Doubtful. B. Curious.
C. Supportive. D. Not mentioned.
5. What is TRUE about Newton’s story？（ ）
A. The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton’s head.
B. Scientists like to question everything around them.
C. Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D. The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood.
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his
bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
1. In your opinion， what qualities should a great scientist have？
2. In what ways do scientists contribute to society？
Persistence， devotion and interest.
Firstly， scientific discoveries promote the development of our
society.Secondly， the contributions of scientists in medicine extend
our lifespan.Thirdly， scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools
that fundamentally improve our living standards.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place，
more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
句式分析 本句为主从复合句。Although it has been proved that
Franklin’s experiment took place为Although引导的 从
句，该从句中it为 ，that Franklin’s experiment took
place为 ；what really happened为what引导的
从句。
自主翻译
让步状语
形式主语
真正的主语
宾
语
虽然已证实富兰克林的这一实验确有其事，不少科学
家还是对事实真相提出了质疑。
2. But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research，
and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if
it is a great story.
句式分析 本句为并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句；and后的分
句为复合句，we read or hear为省略关系代词 的 从
句，修饰先行词 ；even if it is a great story为even if引
导的 从句。
自主翻译
that
定语
everything
让步状语
但在科学领域，能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作
事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精
彩的故事。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
declaration n.声明，宣告
【教材原句】 Benjamin Franklin （1706－1790） was one of the
Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of
Independence and the US Constitution.
本杰明·富兰克林（1706－1790年）是美国开国元勋之一，并帮助起
草了《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》。
declare v. 宣布，宣称；声明
declare war on ... 对……宣战
declare against/for 声明反对/支持……
declare sb/sth （to be） ＋名词/形容词宣布某人/事为……
declare ...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
【用法】
【佳句】 The museum has a copy of the country’s Declaration of
Independence.
这家博物馆珍藏着该国的一份《独立宣言》。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly
the policy，which made them unhappy.
②In 1939， Hitler declared war Poland， which started the
Second World War.
against
on
【写美】 补全句子
③The instant the ceremony ， all the students in
our school burst into cheers.
仪式一宣布开始，我校全体学生就欢呼起来。
was declared open
attach v.系，绑；贴；使依恋；重视
【教材原句】 A metal key was attached to the string.细绳上绑着一把
金属钥匙。
【用法】
（1）attach sth to ... 把某物连接到/附在……上
attach oneself to ... 依附……；缠着……
attach importance/significance/value to ...
重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值
（2）attached adj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属的
be attached to 被连接到……；爱慕；附属于
（3）attachment n. 附件，附属物
【佳句】 Chinese people attach great importance to the seating order
at formal dinners.
中国人非常重视在正式宴会上的座次排序。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①You can send an email with a sound as an （attach）.
②After graduation，he has been working in a hospital， which is
attached the medical college nearby.
attachment
to
【写美】 补全句子
③She found a box lying on the table it，
saying “Happy birthday”.
她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，写着“生日快
乐”。
with a card attached to
along with 与……一起
【教材原句】 Franklin， along with many other scientists，has
inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order
to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries
and inventions.
富兰克林与许多其他科学家激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与
推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
【用法】
当with，along with，together with，as well as，in addition to，rather
than，including等连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的
人称和数与前面的名词或代词保持一致。
【佳句】 She lost her job when the factory closed， along with
hundreds of others.
工厂倒闭时，她和其他数以百计的人一起失去了工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Now the teacher together with the students （be） discussing
reading skills.
②The students， rather than their teacher， （be） going to have
a picnic this weekend.
【写美】 补全句子
③I Sanya on the first
day.
第一天，我和我的父母将一起坐飞机去三亚。
is
are
along with my parents am taking a flight to
account n.记述，描述；报道；账户 v.说明；解释
【教材原句】 In fact， more than one account suggests that while
Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it
hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的
苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
【用法】
（1）account for 是……的原因；导致；占……（比例）
（2）on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不（置于句首，句子用部分倒装）
（3） take account of＝take ...into account/consideration 考
虑……
【佳句】 I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into
account.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我
真诚地希望您能考虑我的建议。我期待着尽快得到您的回复。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The majority of people were drowned account of lack of enough
lifeboats.
②The minority nationalities account six per cent of the whole
population.
③His exam results were not very good， but we must take
account his long illness.
on
for
into
【写美】 句式升级
④You should on no account leave the door unlocked.
→ the door unlocked.（倒装句）
On no account should you leave
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：neither ...nor ...连接并列成分
【教材原句】 However， neither the story nor the details of the
experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身还是实验细节都并非完全属实。
【用法】
neither ...nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。
（1）neither ...nor ...连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近一致”原
则。
（2）若将neither ...nor ...句型变为肯定句，只需把
neither ...nor ...改为both ...and ...即可，同时谓语动词必须用复
数形式。
（3）neither可以单独使用，作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
（4）当表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，
可用neither或nor进行简略回答。其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情
态动词/be动词＋主语。
【写美】 微写作
①昨天我和我的同学们都没有受到老师的惩罚。
by our teacher yesterday.
②昆明是一个美丽的城市，那里一年四季都不太热也不太冷。
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s
all the year around.
③如果乔的妻子不去参加聚会，他也不去。
If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party， .
Neither my classmates nor I was punished
neither too hot nor too cold
neither/nor will he
句型公式：虚拟语气
【教材原句】 But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually
touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric
shock.但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定
会被电死。
【用法】
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法：
（1）与现在事实相反时，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用
were），主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。
（2）与过去事实相反时，从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用
would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。
（3）与将来事实相反时，从句谓语用一般过去时（be用were）
/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形，主句谓语用
would/should/could/might＋动词原形。
【品悟】 If you had followed my advice， you wouldn’t have run
into trouble.
如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会陷入困境了。
【写美】 微写作
①要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
If my brother were here，everything all right.
②如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。
If it tomorrow，we
the sports meeting.
would be
rained/should rain/were to rain
would have to
put off
③要是没有你的帮助，我上周考试可能就通不过。
If it for your help， I the exam
last week.
④玛丽是盲人。如果她能够看到这个光明的世界，她会满心欢喜。
Mary is blind.If she the bright world， she would be
full of joy.
hadn’t been
would have failed
were able to see
句型公式：while引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】 In fact， more than one account suggests that while
Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that
it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于一个掉落的
苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。
【用法】
while的用法如下：
（1）while 引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管”，相当
于though/although。
（2）while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
（3）while连接并列句，表示对比或转折，意为“而；然而”。此
时，while一般位于句中。
【品悟】 While the students came from different countries， they
got along quite well in the summer camp.
虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但他们在夏令营里相处得很好。
【写美】 微写作/句型转换
①他对钱很吝啬而他的哥哥却很大方。
He is mean with money .
②尽管大卫在几公里内被绊倒了，但他仍坚持跑步。
，he insisted on running.
while his brother is generous
While/Although/Though David was tripped over within a few
kilometers
③While you are taking exercise， you must be cautious.
→ ， you must be cautious.（状语从句
的省略）
While taking exercise
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. As is known to all，water （传导） heat faster than air.
2. Made of （金属）， the statue weighs up to 225 tons and
measures 46 meters high.
3. There was a sudden （闪光） of lightning， which lit
everything up for a second.
conducts
metal
flash
4. We should （起草） a proposal and discuss it at the meeting
before any decision is made.
5. To test the effect on eating habits， the researchers conducted
two （实验）.
6. The police insisted that Michael didn’t follow the correct p in
applying for a visa.
7. The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called
g .
8. Some f appeared without the names of the authors， often
with something like “by a lady”.
draft
experiments
rocedure
ravity
ictions
维度二：词形转换
1. After three weeks’ discussion， they will sign the
（declare） tomorrow.
2. The scientist devoted himself （entire） to his research，
which turned out to be a success.
3. There is no （prove） that the disappearance of bees has a
close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
4. There is （science） evidence to support our belief that
being surrounded by plants is good for health.
5. After graduation， he has been working in a middle school，which
is （attach） to Nanjing Normal University.
declaration
entirely
proof
scientific
attached
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The couple were walking in the woods when suddenly a branch
（击中妻子的头）.
2. （他的父母和杰克都
没有被认出来） when they entered the room.
3. The teacher told me the fact
（决心和努力工作使她成功了）.
4. （除……以外） cleaning the yard and making the bed
for the old， we also read newspapers to them and chatted with them.
hit
the wife on the head
Neither his parents nor Jack was recognised
that determination and hard work made
her successful
Apart from
5. It’s believed that the manager is able to （想出）
new ways to solve the difficult problem.
6. The guqin， （与……一起） the game of Go，
calligraphy and painting， was expected to be mastered by noblemen
and scholars in Ancient China.
7. （不止一个） person has a good command of
English in the research unit.
come up with
along with
More than one
维度四：课文语法填空
Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United
States.Apart 1. being a successful statesman，he was also a
2. （create） scientist and inventor.
Benjamin Franklin 3. （fly） a kite during a storm in
1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4. （tie） to it.A
metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and
electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then
touched the key and got 5. electric shock.
from
creative
flew
tied
an
Generations of children have been amazed by his 6.
（brave）and his scientific approach to 7. （look） for the
truth.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction
instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8. really
happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9. （actual）
touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
In science，facts should 10. （prove）by experiments
and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or
hear — even if it is a great story.
bravery
looking
what
actually
be proved
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
NAO， the first robot able to show feelings， has been created by a
European research team.When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks
down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of
the ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero，
a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are
shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or
verbal expressions.”
“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as
companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop
online.” In these situations， the display of emotions， will be important
in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-
year-old child.It can memorize faces， and knows the basic rules of good
and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The
actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides
for itself when to display them.
NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more
independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room，
while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the
room that may be harmful.
Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into
medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in
hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children
might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their
emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different
roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and
explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their
anxiety，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发
明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将
它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由欧洲研究团队发
明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将
它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1. According to the text， what do we know about NAO？（ ）
A. It displays different feelings in different situations.
B. It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C. It can remember people’s feelings.
D. It learns emotions from facial expressions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad， he
lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his
arms for a hug.可知，当NAO伤心时，它会低下头；当它开心时，
它会伸出手臂要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同情况下表达不同的
情绪。
2. What can we learn from the text？（ ）
A. Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s
emotions.
B. The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C. Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D. Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Children might find that
a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional
states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子们有一个小的、友好
的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那
么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更
舒服。
3. What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Courage. B. Anxiety.
C. Anger. D. Satisfaction.
解析： 词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间
时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由
此可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有
害的东西时会表现出“焦虑”（的情绪）。
4. What is the text mainly about？（ ）
A. The relationship between humans and robots.
B. The roles that robots play in different fields.
C. The first robot able to show feelings.
D. The long history of robots.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个
由欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。
B
Charles Darwin was a very famous scientist who lived in the
1800s.His ideas about evolution （进化） completely changed the way
scientists understand the natural world.He recorded his ideas in notebooks
marked with letters of the alphabet （字母表）， which have been
considered extremely important for showing how he developed the
evolution.
The Cambridge University Library had several of Mr Darwin’s
notebooks.The two that were missing were kept in a small box， and were
last seen in 2000.In 2001， someone noticed that the box was
missing.Luckily， the library had taken pictures of the notebooks’
pages， so the information wasn’t completely lost.
In 2020， the library made a huge effort to find the
notebooks.Workers searched through the 10 million books and other things
in the library， but they didn’t find the notebooks.Finally， the library
asked people around the world to help look for the notebooks.They
officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around
the world would search for them.
Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks
were returned recently： in a pink gift bag with a note that said
“Librarian， Happy Easter， X”.People at the library quickly
recognised the blue box that the notebooks had been stored in.Inside a
brown envelope they found the two missing notebooks， tightly wrapped
in plastic.After the police had examined the package， library workers
were able to open and carefully study the notebooks.They were pleased to
learn that the notebooks were in good shape.They hadn’t been damaged
and they weren’t missing any pages.
The timing of the return is perfect.The library was planning a show
called “Darwin in Conversation”， which is set to open in July.Now
the missing notebooks can be part of that show.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是19世纪著名科学家达
尔文的两本标有关于进化论观点的笔记本丢失以及回归的故事。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是19世纪著名科学家达
尔文的两本标有关于进化论观点的笔记本丢失以及回归的故事。
5. What did Darwin write in his notebooks？（ ）
A. Scientists’ ideas about society.
B. The stories of his family.
C. His thoughts of evolution.
D. The development of the alphabet.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的He recorded his ideas in
notebooks marked with ...for showing how he developed the
evolution.可知，该笔记本中标注的是他关于进化论的思想。
6. Why were the missing notebooks reported to have been stolen？
（ ）
A. Because the library wanted to turn to the police for help.
B. Because the library didn’t want to take on responsibility for the loss.
C. Because the library discovered a librarian stole the notebooks.
D. Because the library realized the notebooks couldn’t be found.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They officially reported the
missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would
search for them.可知，将遗失的笔记本报告为被盗可以得到全世界
警察的帮助。
7. How did the librarians feel about the notebooks’ return？（ ）
A. Proud. B. Nervous.
C. Unconcerned. D. Surprised.
解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Nobody could ever
have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently可
知，对于笔记本的回归，图书管理员感到很惊讶。
8. What will happen to the notebooks？（ ）
A. They will be on exhibition.
B. They will be hidden forever.
C. They will be sold on a show.
D. They will be returned to the owner.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Now the missing
notebooks can be part of that show.可知，两个笔记本有可能会成为
接下来展览的一部分。
C
“In 2003， the Human Genome （基因组） Project made history
when it sequenced （测定序列） 92％ of the human genome. But for
nearly twenty years since， scientists have made efforts to translate the
remaining 8％. Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists from the Telomere-
to-Telomere （T2T） Consortium has uncovered the complete human
genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety，” the
researchers said.
“Having this complete information will allow us to better understand
how we form as an individual organism and how we vary not just between
other humans but other species，” Evan Eichler， a Howard Hughes
Medical Institute investigator at the University of Washington and the
research leader， said Thursday.
The new research introduces 400 million letters to the previously
sequenced DNA — an entire chromosome’s worth. The full genome will
allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether
these genetic variations play a role in disease.
The research， published in the journal Science on Thursday， was
previously in preprint， allowing other teams to use the sequence in their
own studies.
Until now， it was unclear what these unknown genes coded.
“It turns out that these genes are incredibly important for
adaptation，” Eichler said.“They contain immune response genes that
help us to adapt and survive infections and plagues and viruses.They
contain genes that are very important in terms of predicting drug
response.”
“For now， it’s still too expensive and time-consuming for
everyone to sequence their own genome. But research is underway that
uses this genome to judge whether certain genetic differences are
connected with specific cancers. Knowing the genetic variations could
also allow doctors to better tailor treatments，” said Michael Schatz，
another researcher on the team and a professor of computer science and
biology at Johns Hopkins University.
Charles Rotimi， scientific director of the National Human Genome
Research Institute， said in a statement that this scientific achievement is
“moving us closer to individualized medicine for all humanity”. Rotimi
was not involved in the research.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整
的人类基因组，为遗传变异、疾病研究以及个性化医疗提供了重要
的见解。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整
的人类基因组，为遗传变异、疾病研究以及个性化医疗提供了重要
的见解。
9. What can we say about the human genome？（ ）
A. It made history in 2003.
B. It is similar between humans.
C. It has been sequenced completely.
D. It will make us know each other well.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Now， a team of nearly
100 scientists ... the complete human genome — the first time it’s
been sequenced in its entirety可知，人类基因组测序已经全部完成。
10. What does the full genome mean to scientists according to the third
paragraph？（ ）
A. They may write it in the journal Science.
B. They may use it to survive infections.
C. They can analyze if it functions in illness.
D. They can relate it to a certain disease.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The full genome will
allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and
whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.可知，对于科
学家们来说，测定完整的人类基因组可以让他们分析人与人之间
的DNA有何区别以及基因变异在疾病方面是否起作用。
11. How could people benefit from sequencing their own genome？（ ）
A. They could succeed in the field of medicine.
B. They might get personalized treatment.
C. They might be closer to great achievement.
D. They could connect gene with cancers.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的moving us closer to
individualized medicine可知，对自己的基因组进行测序让我们离
个性化治疗更近一步。B项中的personalized意为“个性化的”。
12. What is the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Why Scientists Research the Complete Human Genome
B. The Full Human Genome Benefits Human Beings
C. How Scientists Sequenced the Full Human Genome
D. The Complete Human Genome Was First Uncovered
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文首段提出研究结
论，科学家团队首次成功测定了最完整的人类基因组，下文具体
说明这一发现的意义。因此，D项（完整的人类基因组首次被揭
露）最适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Red Cross Apps Guide Survivalists through Natural Disasters
Red Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster.
13.（ ）
Emergency App
For an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe， the Emergency App
is the answer.14.（ ） Users can also customize their alerts according
to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor
activity in multiple places.
Earthquake App
15. （ ） And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly
doubled last year. With the Earthquake App， you’ll receive real-time
alerts and notifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster
while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.
Hurricane App
This is a must-have for people in hurricane areas. 16.（ ）
Much like the Earthquake App， it will supply you with details for staying
safe in this circumstance.
Shelter Finder App
In case your emergency shelter wasn’t built to withstand whatever
disaster came your way， the Shelter Finder App uses data from the
National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the
country. Other than the address， the app also supplies you with details
such as the agency running the shelter， capacity and current population of
the shelter， among others.17.（ ）
A. The global earthquake rate is rising.
B. Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.
C. It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency
situations.
D. These details are updated within every thirty minutes， so you’ll
always stay posted.
E. Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the
proper precautions.
F. The modern survivalist knows your smartphone is the best tool to keep
you on your feet.
G. For other apps specific to a natural disaster， the Red Cross also has
apps for floods， tornadoes， and wildfires.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个可以指导幸存
者度过自然灾害的应用程序。
13. B 根据空前一句可知，红十字会有很多应用程序，它们能在自
然灾害中帮助你。B项（每个应用程序都可以在iOS和Android设备上
使用）符合语境，说明在哪里可以获得这些应用程序。
14. C 空前一句提到了应用程序可以给予人们参考。C项（它载有关
于35种以上不同类型紧急情况的资料）符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个可以指导幸存
者度过自然灾害的应用程序。
15. A 根据Earthquake App可知，本段主要介绍地震应用程序，且
空后一句提到去年高震级地震的数量几乎翻了一番。A项（全球地震
频率正在上升）符合语境。
16. E 根据Hurricane App可知，本段主要介绍飓风应用程序，故空
处应说明此应用程序有何用处。E项（跟踪风暴和你所在地区的情
况，这样你就可以采取适当的预防措施）符合语境。
17. D 上文提到此应用程序还为你提供详细信息，D项（这些详细信
息每30分钟更新一次，所以你会随时了解最新情况）符合语境，D项
中的details与空前一句中的details相呼应。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，英语课上，老师要求就应用人工智能（artificial
intelligence）的利弊进行讨论，请你代表小组写一篇发言稿，说明讨
论的结果。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
参考范文：
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
Hi everybody.Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed
that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
On the one hand， it goes without saying that AI has brought much
convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring
accuracy and calculation.Plus， AI has such fantastic speed in collecting
data.On the other hand， AI is becoming too smart nowadays， concerns
arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one
day.However， AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the
right way.
That’s our opinion.Thank you.
谢谢观看！
