Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1.The government has declared a state of （紧急情况） following the tsunami.
2.More rain is （预报） for the area over the next 24 hours.
3.Nobody knows （精确地） how many people survived the air crash.
4.In times of （危机）， it is crucial for emergency services to respond promptly and efficiently to ensure the safety of the community.
5.This is a big chance， and you should （抓住） it with both hands； maybe it can change your life.
6.Tom is an honest and r student.Therefore， we recommend him as our monitor.
7.The poor man was tricked into sending money to an unknown man， who c to be a bank clerk.
8.When the post office was t with being closed in the 1980s， a villager， Pat， came up with a plan to save it.
维度二：语法与写作
句型转换（用省略句改写下列句子）
1.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate .
2.If it is necessary， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
→ ， our school will provide the students with the language training courses.
3.If I were you， I would apply for the project.
→ ， I would apply for the project.
4.His suggestion made John happy， but his suggestion made Mary angry.
→His suggestion made John happy， .
5.When I was asked how to get to the train station， I told him right away.
→ ， I told him right away.
6.You can ask my brother for help if it is so.
→You can ask my brother for help .
7.We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to go to the cinema.
→We don’t go to the cinema .
8.While I was walking along the street， I heard my name called.
→ ， I heard my name called.
9.Although you are engaged in your study， you should set aside some time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and skiing.
→ ， you should set aside some time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and skiing.
10.The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife.
→The boy used to play with the knife though his father .
维度三：语法与语篇
根据括号内的汉语提示，用省略结构完成下面语段。
After breakfast， Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She talked to Tom 1. （洗碗时） and plates.She said to Tom，“2. （过马路时当心车辆）， my dear.” Tom usually said to his mom， “3. （再见）， Mom.” However， this time， she heard nothing.Tom hurriedly left home 4. （好像很着急）.She considered Tom rude this time， but she 5. （不知道为什么）.She thought she would 6. （让汤姆意识到） his wrong doings when he came back from school.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗虫） in Kenya in 70 years has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an infestation （侵扰） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for 35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields， authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （杀虫剂） spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60 kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts.“They will lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
1.What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of locusts？（ ）
A.It’s very serious.
B.It’s very surprising.
C.It happens frequently.
D.It leads to heavy losses.
2.How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？（ ）
A.By telling some stories.
B.By providing some facts.
C.By listing some numbers.
D.By giving some examples.
3.How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？（ ）
A.They were very brave.
B.They let their cattle out.
C.They sprayed pesticide.
D.They were helpless indeed.
4.What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？（ ）
A.Worried. B.Confused.
C.Confident. D.Disappointed.
B
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease， including hepatitis A and cholera.
However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒） of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2？（ ）
A.Become. B.Pollute.
C.Block. D.Develop.
6.How do floods help ecosystems？（ ）
A.Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B.Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C.Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D.Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.The way in which floods feed animals.
B.The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C.An effective means of improving soil.
D.The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
8.What’s the best title for this article？（ ）
A.Many Effects of Flooding
B.The Secret of Flooding
C.Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D.Floods： A Part of Nature
C
Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping （刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way through our city in September 2003.
Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our room.
Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away.
The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our yard had effectively split our house in two！
As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell through.
In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets.
Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the damage was temporary.
Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial.
9.How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（ ）
A.Sad. B.Curious.
C.Surprised. D.Delighted.
10.What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？（ ）
A.Their leaving home quickly. B.Their calling the firefighters.
C.Their receiving help from neighbours. D.Their fighting with hurricane bravely.
11.What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？（ ）
A.Not injured. B.Not affected.
C.Not included. D.Not disturbed.
12.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（ ）
A.To describe a terrible natural disaster.
B.To thank her neighbours and firefighters.
C.To show the importance of being thankful.
D.To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane.
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day on my way home I was caught in a storm.I took 13 from rain in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside.The cobbler （修鞋匠） and his son were 14 their work， and after saying， “Good day，” we began to chat.
As our 15 went on， the skilled man sent his son out to 16 something that he needed for his work.The boy had only been gone five minutes， but it was too long for the 17 old cobbler to be idle （闲散的）.He became 18 ， moved about the room， and at last took up a scrap of leather （碎皮革） and fell to 19 it， saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”
As soon as the rain was over， I was on my way home， 20 what I had heard — “It will never do to be idle.” Some people are idle only now and then， and some are 21 idle.I was one of the latter.So the old man’s 22 came home to me.I began to feel how 23 it was to waste so much of my life on idleness.
I made up my mind to follow the cobbler’s 24 for the rest of my life.Oh， it was very 25 at first！ But I kept to my 26 .Slowly I made good habits at work， and found the 27 of the cobbler’s words， “It will never do to be idle.”
13.（ ）A.cover B.time
C.courage D.pleasure
14.（ ）A.worried about B.aware of
C.busy at D.new to
15.（ ）A.business B.story
C.report D.conversation
16.（ ）A.improve B.get
C.fix D.learn
17.（ ）A.fair B.lucky
C.active D.familiar
18.（ ）A.uneasy B.lonely
C.impolite D.tired
19.（ ）A.charging for B.laughing at
C.referring to D.working on
20.（ ）A.looking into B.thinking over
C.taking down D.speaking of
21.（ ）A.also B.just
C.always D.once
22.（ ）A.words B.jokes
C.dreams D.abilities
23.（ ）A.risky B.common
C.addicted D.wrong
24.（ ）A.example B.goal
C.method D.advice
25.（ ）A.funny B.silly
C.hard D.serious
26.（ ）A.interest B.purpose
C.style D.role
27.（ ）A.topic B.symbol
C.rest D.truth
Ⅲ.语法填空
Formed in 2002， the China International Search and Rescue Team （CISAR） brings help and hope to those 28. lives are changed by natural disasters.
The team carried out 29. （it） first international rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China， and the team won high praise for their 30. （brave） and skill.The list of people 31. whom help has been given ever since is long.The team 32. （treat） more than 3，000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia， and spent several months 33. （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
Rescue workers are trained to find people， treat injuries， and hand out food， water， and other supplies.There is 34. （usual） no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents may appear.35. （save） lives， rescue workers have to work day and night， and sadly they must also bury 36. dead， which means they have to be strong in both body and mind.And they’ll have to take 37. （effect） measures in action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.emergency 2.forecast/forecasted 3.precisely 4.crisis
5.grab 6.reliable 7.claimed 8.threatened
维度二
1.as if waiting for someone
2.If necessary
3.Were I you
4.but Mary angry
5.When asked how to get to the train station
6.if so
7.as much as we used to
8.While walking along the street
9.Although engaged in your study
10.told him not to
维度三
1.while washing bowls 2.Look out for cars when crossing the street 3.See you 4.as if anxious 5.didn’t know why
6.make Tom realise
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模空前的蝗灾袭击。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Ndunda Makanga提到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗虫的无所不食”，充分说明了这次蝗灾的严重性。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三至八段内容可知，作者主要通过列数字的方式来说明这次蝗灾的严重程度。
3.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，面对铺天盖地的蝗虫，农民们束手无策。
4.A 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Francis Kitoo说他从没看到过如此多的蝗虫，并表示最大的担心是这些蝗虫将繁殖出下一代蝗虫。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态系统既有坏处也有好处。
5.C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土会堵塞河道，使河水无法流淌。由此可推测，画线词clog意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地改善生态系统。
7.B 段落大意题。根据第三段主旨句However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知，第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。
8.D 标题归纳题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D项（洪水：大自然的一部分）为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作者一家死里逃生。大难不死的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者听到孩子的哭声后认为那是最甜美的声音——因为自己的女儿还活着。由此判断，她当时感到庆幸和高兴。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第二至四段内容可知，作者一家之所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时做出的明智决定——快速离家去投奔朋友。
11.A 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一家“平安无事”。
12.C 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过分享他们一家人死里逃生的经历，主要表达了一种感恩的心情。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。老鞋匠的一句“无所事事是万万不行的”让作者深有感触，并以此自勉。
13.A 根据本空前的I was caught in a storm和本空后的in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside可知，作者回家路遇暴雨，到路边的一家修鞋店避雨。take cover from rain “避雨”。
14.C 根据第二段中的He became 18 ， moved about the room和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠没活干时在店里来回走，一闲下来就受不了。由此推断，作者刚进店时老鞋匠和他的儿子都很忙。
15.D 根据第一段中的we began to chat可知，作者与老鞋匠继续攀谈。
16.B 根据下文中的He became 18 ， moved about the room可知，老鞋匠手头没活干，这说明他派儿子去取他干活要用的东西。
17.C 根据下文中的moved about the room， and at last took up a scrap of leather （碎皮革）和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，儿子才走了五分钟，这位老鞋匠就坐不住了，这说明他是一个闲不住的人。
18.A 根据下文中的moved about the room ... saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠在等待儿子回来的过程中一直不想闲着，他变得很不安，在店里来回走，直到最后拿起来一块碎皮革又开始工作。
19.D 参见上题解析。fall to doing sth开始做某事。
20.B 根据下文中的Some people are idle ... waste so much of my life on idleness.可知，本段内容是雨停后作者在回家路上的思考。think over “仔细考虑，慎重思考”。
21.C 根据本段中的Some people are idle only now and then和I was one of the latter.和to waste so much of my life on idleness可知，作者想到，有的人只是偶尔闲散，而他自己属于总是闲散的人之一，他因为闲散浪费了很多时间，老鞋匠的话让他开始感到自己把这么多时间浪费在无所事事上是错误的。
22.A 参见上题解析。come home to sb使人（痛苦地）完全明白。
23.D 参见第21题解析。
24.A 根据上文可知，老鞋匠的话让作者深有感触，他下定决心要终生以老鞋匠为榜样。
25.C 根据本段中的at first和But I kept to my ... 可知，刚开始时并不容易，但是作者坚持自己的目标。
26.B 参见上题解析。
27.D 根据空前的Slowly I made good habits at work可知，慢慢地，作者在工作中养成了好习惯，悟到了老鞋匠的话的真谛。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国国际搜救队自成立以来取得的搜救成绩和工作性质。
28.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，设空处在从句中作名词lives的定语，故填whose。
29.its 考查代词。空后first international rescue mission为名词短语，故应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
30.bravery 考查词形转换。设空处与空后名词skill为并列关系，应填名词。故填bravery。
31.to 考查介词。31. whom help has been given ever since为定语从句，从句为give sth to sb被动结构，故填to。
32.treated 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，所填动词作句子的谓语，结合时间状语in the 2006 earthquake可知，应用一般过去时。故填treated。
33.giving 考查非谓语动词。 spend time （in） doing为固定短语，其中in可省略，故填giving。
34.usually 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语表示频率，应用副词。故填usually。
35.To save 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。设空处位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填To save。
36.the 考查冠词。36. dead应是动词bury的宾语，形容词之前加定冠词the可表一类人，相当于名词。故填the。
37.effective 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词应用形容词作定语。故填effective。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
省略
①It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system.
②My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.
③You’d better look out when crossing the street.
④He is the man you can depend on.
⑤Technology isn’t the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its ways， too.
⑥It shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
⑦What a wonderful victory for Tom！
【我的发现】
1.句①为 的省略，the hottest后省略了 。
2.句②为 的省略，quite前省略了 。
3.句③为 的省略，when后省略了 。
4.句④为 的省略，you前省略了 。
5.句⑤为 的省略，ways后省略了 。
6.句⑥为 的省略，a knowledge前省略了 。
7.句⑦为 的省略，for Tom前省略了 。
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
（I） Beg your pardon？
请再说一遍？
2.省略宾语：当前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao？
——你认识高女士吗？
—I don’t know （her）.
——我不认识。
3.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
What a hot day （it is）！
多热的天啊！（省略了主语和谓语）
（You come） This way， please.
请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语）
（Have you） Got any ink？
你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分）
【即时演练1】 补全下列省略句
①Have a seat， please！
→ have a seat， please！
②Sounds like a good idea.
→ sounds like a good idea.
③Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry.
→Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry .
④Anything I can do for you？
→ anything I can do for you？
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
I picked up a book and （I） put it on the desk.
我把书捡起来，并把它放在书桌上。
2.若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary （must have been） doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His words made me happy， but （his words made） Jim angry.
他的话使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 2003 and Bob （was born in winter） in 2004.
我出生于2003年的冬天，而鲍勃出生于 2004 年的冬天。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese， and others study English.
②He gave up drinking several months ago， but he returned to his old way later.
③My friend didn’t come to school， but I wonder why he didn’t come to school.
三、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略
（1）在when， while， if， as if， though， although， as， until， once， whether， unless， whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
As （it is） scheduled， we participated in several instructive activities.
按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。
His opinion， whether （it is） right or wrong， would be considered.
他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。
You shouldn’t go to his party unless（you are）invited.
你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。
（2）在than， as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They used more water than （it was） necessary.
他们使用的水超出了需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob （runs）.
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
名师点津
省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用动词-ing形式；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用动词不定式。
【即时演练3】 （1）用所给词的适当形式填空
①When （walk） down the street， I came across David， whom I hadn’t seen for years.
②These books will be put to good use if （donate） to the local library.
（2）把下列句子改为省略句
③If it is so， you must have put stamps on the letters before you sent them.
→ ， you must have put stamps on the letters before you sent them.
④The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as it is in Guangzhou.
→The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as .
2.定语从句的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that， which， whom可省略。
The computer （which/that） I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
（2）在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。
I don’t like the way （that） he speaks to me.
我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。
（3）在以the same ...as ...或such ...as ...引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。
I have the same trouble as you （have）.
我和你有同样的困难。
3.宾语从句的省略
（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I do believe （that） I am very qualified for this voluntary work， because I have a good command of spoken English.
我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。
He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
（2）when， where， how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She will come back， but he doesn’t know when （she will come back）.
她会回来的，可是他不知道她什么时候会回来。
【即时演练4】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among the dangers which sailors have to face， probably the greatest of all is fog.
②Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
③She didn’t go to school yesterday.I don’t know why she didn’t go to school yesterday.
四、其他省略情况
1.动词不定式的省略
（1）当动词不定式在形容词afraid， anxious， eager， glad， happy， ready， willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to （answer the question）.
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
（2）某些使役动词（如make， let， have等）和感官动词（如see， watch， notice， observe， hear等）后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不可省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.（被动语态）
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
（3）并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的动词不定式符号to。但若两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He told me to stay there and （to） wait for him.
他叫我待在那儿等他。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.（比较）
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
（4）当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree， afford， expect， forget， hope， know， manage， pretend， remember， refuse， want， wish， would like等。
I would do it for you， but I don’t know how to （do it for you）.
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。
（5）介词but， except （除了） 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的动词不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
（6）当动词不定式在be going to， be able to， have to， ought to， used to后作复合谓语时，动词不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）.
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
名师点津
（1）省略的动词不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
（2）类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to， be going to， be about to， be supposed to， have to， used to及形容词glad， happy， pleased， delighted等。
He didn’t come， but he ought to have （come）.
他没来，但他本应该来。
—Are you a farmer？
—No， but I used to be （a farmer）.
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【即时演练5】 填空
①My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
以上句子中，加黑部分能省略的是 ，不能省略的是 。
2.使用so， not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so， not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today？
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don’t think so./I think not.
——我认为不能。
名师点津
hope， guess， be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ...so的形式。
【即时演练6】 补全句子
①—Is he feeling better today？
— （恐怕没有好转）.
②—Tom was injured， or he would have won the race.
— （我认为如此）.
3.介词的省略
（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth
②be busy （in） doing sth
③spend some time （in） doing sth
④stop/prevent sb （from） doing sth
The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time.
大雨使他没能按时到达那里。
（2）表示时间的介词at， on和in在next， last， this， these， yesterday， tomorrow， one， any， every， each， some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school （on） every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
【即时演练7】 补全下列句中省略的介词
①It was quite light and any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats that night.
③I have some trouble learning English.
reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的
【教材原句】 So， for accurate and reliable predictions， it’s best to check an official， scientific report.所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好核实官方的科学报告。
【用法】
rely vi. 依靠；依赖；信任；信赖 rely on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on ...to do/doing ... 依赖……做…… rely on sb/sth for ... 依赖某人/某物…… rely on it that ... 指望……；相信……
【佳句】 Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a reliable person whom others can rely on.
伯纳德决定以他们为榜样，成为一个别人可以依赖的可靠的人。
【点津】 rely on的同义短语
①depend on/upon
②count on/upon
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t rely on （cheat） in the exam， for you will never get away with it.
②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him （offer） me some practical suggestions when I am in trouble.
③She left a （rely） impression on the audience. No wonder she won the election.
【写美】 补全句子
④You can my introduction can deepen the visitors’ understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
你可以相信我的介绍会加深参观者对中国传统文化的了解。（申请信）
rescue n.& vt.营救，解救，救援
【教材原句】 CHINA’S RESCUE EFFORTS IN NEPAL 中国在尼泊尔的救援工作
【用法】
（1）rescue ...from ... 从……中营救…… （2）come/go to one’s rescue 来/去营救某人 rescue workers 救援人员 a rescue attempt 一次营救行动 rescue operation 救援行动 a rescue plan 一个救援计划
【佳句】 Whenever I am in danger， I can rely on my elder brother to come to my rescue.
每当我遇到危险时，我都能依靠我哥哥来救我。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When we were in trouble， a stranger came our rescue with a generous donation.
②The doctors were operating on the man rescued the traffic accident.
【写美】 翻译句子
③一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面，处于危机中。
claim v.（战争、事故等）夺去（生命）；声称；宣称；索要；认领；获得 n.主张，声称；索赔
【教材原句】 Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time， they destroyed buildings and forests， and claimed over 256 lives.
由于短时间内异常严重的降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了256条生命。
【用法】
（1）claim one’s life 夺去某人的生命 claim to do sth 声称做某事 claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim that ... 声称…… It is claimed that ... 据称…… （2）make a claim （for） （为……）索赔
【佳句】 He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.
他声称不需要任何帮助就可以完成这项工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t be taken in by ads claiming （help） you lose weight in a week.
②Tom claimed （see） an alien，but no one believed him.
【写美】 补全句子
③ humour not only affects patients’ moods， but also helps them recover faster.
据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人快速康复。
threaten v.威胁到，危及
【教材原句】 It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，并威胁到950多万人的生计。
【用法】
（1）threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事 threaten sb with sth 用某物/事威胁某人 （2）threat n. 威胁 a threat to ... 对……的威胁 under threat 受到威胁 （3）threatening adj. 威胁性的 threatening behaviour 威胁行为
【佳句】 Traffic issues not only affect our everyday lives， but also threaten people’s lives.
交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还危及人们的生命。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The man has been receiving （threaten） phone calls since the early morning.
②These ancient woodlands are threat from new road development.
【写美】 补全句子
③Our neighbour if we didn’t stop the noise.
如果我们不停止喧闹，我们的邻居威胁要报警。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.简单句中 line
2.并列句中 it is
3.状语从句 you are
4.定语从句 who/whom/that
5.动词不定式 to forecast the weather
6.宾语从句 that
7.感叹句 it is
即时演练1
①You ②It ③them/the dishes ④Is there
即时演练2
①others后的study ②but后的he
③he didn’t come to school
即时演练3
①walking ②donated ③If so ④in Guangzhou
即时演练4
①which ②that
③why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday
即时演练5
①② ③④
即时演练6
①I’m afraid not ②I think so
即时演练7
①at ②on ③in
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①cheating ②to offer/offering ③reliable
④rely on it that
2.①to ②from ③Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and were in crisis.
3.①to help ②to have seen ③It is claimed that
4.①threatening ②under ③threatened to call the police
8 / 8(共107张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
1
省 略
①It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system.
②My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.
③You’d better look out when crossing the street.
④He is the man you can depend on.
⑤Technology isn’t the only way to forecast the weather.Nature has its
ways， too.
⑥It shows a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
⑦What a wonderful victory for Tom！
【我的发现】
1. 句①为 简单句中 的省略，the hottest后省略了 line 。
2. 句②为 并列句中 的省略，quite前省略了 it is 。
3. 句③为 状语从句 的省略，when后省略了 you are 。
4. 句④为 定语从句 的省略，you前省略了 who/whom/that 。
5. 句⑤为 动词不定式 的省略，ways后省略了 to forecast the
weather 。
6. 句⑥为 宾语从句 的省略，a knowledge前省略了 that 。
7. 句⑦为 感叹句 的省略，for Tom前省略了 it is 。
简单句中
line
并列句中
it is
状语从句
you are
定语从句
who/whom/that
动词不定式
to forecast the
weather
宾语从句
that
感叹句
it is
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或
某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的
省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不
容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是
祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
（I） Beg your pardon？
请再说一遍？
2. 省略宾语：当前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao？
——你认识高女士吗？
—I don’t know （her）.
——我不认识。
3. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，
主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语
和谓语（或谓语的一部分）同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状
语或其他成分。
What a hot day （it is）！
多热的天啊！（省略了主语和谓语）
（You come） This way， please.
请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语）
（Have you） Got any ink？
你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分）
【即时演练1】 补全下列省略句
①Have a seat， please！
→ You have a seat， please！
②Sounds like a good idea.
→ It sounds like a good idea.
③Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry.
→Let’s do the dishes.I’ll wash and you dry them/the dishes .
④Anything I can do for you？
→ Is there anything I can do for you？
You
It
them/the dishes
Is there
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
I picked up a book and （I） put it on the desk.
我把书捡起来，并把它放在书桌上。
2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省
略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary （must have been）
doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His words made me happy， but （his words made） Jim angry.
他的话使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续
部分。
I was born in winter in 2003 and Bob （was born in winter） in 2004.
我出生于2003年的冬天，而鲍勃出生于 2004 年的冬天。
【即时演练2】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Some of us study Japanese， and others study English.
others后的study
②He gave up drinking several months ago， but he returned to his old
way later. but后的he
③My friend didn’t come to school， but I wonder why he didn’t come
to school. he didn’t come to school
others后的study
but后的he
he didn’t come to school
三、复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句的省略
（1）在when， while， if， as if， though， although， as， until，
once， whether， unless， whenever等引导的状语从句中，当
从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的
主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
As （it is） scheduled， we participated in several instructive
activities.
按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。
His opinion， whether （it is） right or wrong， would be
considered.
他的意见，无论对错，都会被考虑。
You shouldn’t go to his party unless（you are）invited.
你不应该去他的聚会，除非你被邀请。
（2）在than， as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They used more water than （it was） necessary.
他们使用的水超出了需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob （runs）.
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
名师点津
省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用动词-ing形
式；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未
发生，则使用动词不定式。
【即时演练3】 （1）用所给词的适当形式填空
①When walking （walk） down the street， I came across David，
whom I hadn’t seen for years.
②These books will be put to good use if donated （donate） to the
local library.
walking
donated
（2）把下列句子改为省略句
③If it is so， you must have put stamps on the letters before you
sent them.
→ If so ， you must have put stamps on the letters before you
sent them.
④The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as it is in Guangzhou.
→The winter in Hangzhou is not so mild as in Guangzhou .
If so
in Guangzhou
2. 定语从句的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that， which， whom
可省略。
The computer （which/that） I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
（2）在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可
省略引导定语从句的关系代词。
I don’t like the way （that） he speaks to me.
我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。
（3）在以the same ...as ...或such ...as ...引导的某些定语从句
中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。
I have the same trouble as you （have）.
我和你有同样的困难。
3. 宾语从句的省略
（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果
及物动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，那么只
有第一个that可以省略。
I do believe （that） I am very qualified for this voluntary
work， because I have a good command of spoken English.
我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。
He said （that） the text was very important and that we should
learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
（2）when， where， how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引
导词。
She will come back， but he doesn’t know when （she will
come back）.
她会回来的，可是他不知道她什么时候会回来。
【即时演练4】 写出下列句中可以省略的部分
①Among the dangers which sailors have to face， probably the greatest of
all is fog. which
②Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have
expressed it differently. that
③She didn’t go to school yesterday.I don’t know why she didn’t go
to school yesterday. why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday
which
that
why后的she didn’t go to school yesterday
四、其他省略情况
1. 动词不定式的省略
（1）当动词不定式在形容词afraid， anxious， eager， glad，
happy， ready， willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready
to （answer the question）.
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
（2）某些使役动词（如make， let， have等）和感官动词（如
see， watch， notice， observe， hear等）后面作宾语补足语
的动词不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to
不可省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.
（被动语态）
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
（3）并列的动词不定式可以省略后面的动词不定式符号to。但若
两个动词不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。
He told me to stay there and （to） wait for him.
他叫我待在那儿等他。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.
（比较）
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
（4）当动词不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动
词有agree， afford， expect， forget， hope， know，
manage， pretend， remember， refuse， want， wish， would
like等。
I would do it for you， but I don’t know how to （do it for
you）.
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。
（5）介词but， except （除了） 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，
后面的动词不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
（6）当动词不定式在be going to， be able to， have to， ought to，
used to后作复合谓语时，动词不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit
their parents）.
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
名师点津
（1）省略的动词不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形
式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
（2）类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to， be going to， be about
to， be supposed to， have to， used to及形容词glad， happy，
pleased， delighted等。
He didn’t come， but he ought to have （come）.
他没来，但他本应该来。
—Are you a farmer？
—No， but I used to be （a farmer）.
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【即时演练5】 填空
①My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film.
②We can do nothing but to give up.
③He was noticed to leave the office.
④The city now is much noisier than it used to be.
以上句子中，加蓝部分能省略的是 ①② ，不能省略的是 ③
④ 。
①②
③
④
2. 使用so， not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so， not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部
分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today？
——你今天能完成工作吗？
—I think so.
——我认为能。
—I don’t think so./I think not.
——我认为不能。
名师点津
hope， guess， be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用
not ...so的形式。
【即时演练6】 补全句子
①—Is he feeling better today？
— I’m afraid not （恐怕没有好转）.
②—Tom was injured， or he would have won the race.
— I think so （我认为如此）.
3. 介词的省略
（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保
留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth
②be busy （in） doing sth
③spend some time （in） doing sth
④stop/prevent sb （from） doing sth
I’m afraid not
I think so
The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time.
大雨使他没能按时到达那里。
（2）表示时间的介词at， on和in在next， last， this， these，
yesterday， tomorrow， one， any， every， each， some等词
之前时，一般省略。
We go to school （on） every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
【即时演练7】 补全下列句中省略的介词
①It was quite light and at any moment now the sun would rise.
②There were plenty of empty seats on that night.
③I have some trouble in learning English.
at
on
in
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
2
reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的
【教材原句】 So， for accurate and reliable predictions， it’s best to
check an official， scientific report.
所以，为了准确可靠的预测，最好核实官方的科学报告。
【用法】
rely vi. 依靠；依赖；信任；信赖
rely on/upon 依靠；依赖
rely on ...to do/doing ... 依赖……做……
rely on sb/sth for ... 依赖某人/某物……
rely on it that ... 指望……；相信……
【佳句】 Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be a
reliable person whom others can rely on.
伯纳德决定以他们为榜样，成为一个别人可以依赖的可靠的人。
【点津】 rely on的同义短语
①depend on/upon ②count on/upon
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t rely on cheating （cheat） in the exam， for you will never get away with it.
②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him to offer/offering （offer） me some practical suggestions when I am in trouble.
③She left a reliable （rely） impression on the audience. No wonder she won the election.
cheating
to offer/offering
reliable
【写美】 补全句子
④You can rely on it that my introduction can deepen the visitors’
understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
你可以相信我的介绍会加深参观者对中国传统文化的了解。（申
请信）
rely on it that
rescue n.& vt.营救，解救，救援
【教材原句】 CHINA’S RESCUE EFFORTS IN NEPAL 中国在尼
泊尔的救援工作
【用法】
（1）rescue ...from ... 从……中营救……
（2）come/go to one’s rescue 来/去营救某人
rescue workers 救援人员
a rescue attempt 一次营救行动
rescue operation 救援行动
a rescue plan 一个救援计划
【佳句】 Whenever I am in danger， I can rely on my elder brother to
come to my rescue.
每当我遇到危险时，我都能依靠我哥哥来救我。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When we were in trouble， a stranger came to our rescue with a
generous donation.
②The doctors were operating on the man rescued from the traffic
accident.
to
from
【写美】 翻译句子
③一些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面，处于危机中。
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and
were in crisis.
Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins and
were in crisis.
claim v.（战争、事故等）夺去（生命）；声称；宣称；索要；认
领；获得 n.主张，声称；索赔
【教材原句】 Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short
period of time， they destroyed buildings and forests， and claimed over
256 lives.
由于短时间内异常严重的降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了
256条生命。
【用法】
（1）claim one’s life 夺去某人的生命
claim to do sth 声称做某事
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
claim that ... 声称……
It is claimed that ... 据称……
（2）make a claim （for） （为……）索赔
【佳句】 He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.
他声称不需要任何帮助就可以完成这项工作。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Don’t be taken in by ads claiming to help （help） you lose
weight in a week.
②Tom claimed to have seen （see） an alien，but no one believed
him.
to help
to have seen
【写美】 补全句子
③ It is claimed that humour not only affects patients’ moods， but
also helps them recover faster.
据说幽默不仅影响病人的情绪，而且还有助于病人快速康复。
It is claimed that
threaten v.威胁到，危及
【教材原句】 It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the
livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，并威胁到950多万人的生计。
（1）threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事
threaten sb with sth 用某物/事威胁某人
（2）threat n. 威胁
a threat to ... 对……的威胁
under threat 受到威胁
（3）threatening adj. 威胁性的
threatening behaviour 威胁行为
【用法】
【佳句】 Traffic issues not only affect our everyday lives， but also
threaten people’s lives.
交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还危及人们的生命。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The man has been receiving threatening （threaten） phone calls
since the early morning.
②These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road
development.
threatening
under
【写美】 补全句子
③Our neighbour threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the
noise.
如果我们不停止喧闹，我们的邻居威胁要报警。
threatened to call the police
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
3
维度一：基础题型练
品句填词
1. The government has declared a state of emergency （紧急情况）
following the tsunami.
2. More rain is forecast/forecasted （预报） for the area over the
next 24 hours.
emergency
forecast/forecasted
3. Nobody knows precisely （精确地） how many people survived
the air crash.
4. In times of crisis （危机）， it is crucial for emergency services
to respond promptly and efficiently to ensure the safety of the
community.
5. This is a big chance， and you should grab （抓住） it with both
hands； maybe it can change your life.
6. Tom is an honest and reliable student.Therefore， we recommend
him as our monitor.
precisely
crisis
grab
eliable
7. The poor man was tricked into sending money to an unknown man，
who claimed to be a bank clerk.
8. When the post office was threatened with being closed in the 1980s，
a villager， Pat， came up with a plan to save it.
laimed
hreatened
维度二：语法与写作
句型转换（用省略句改写下列句子）
1. She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
→She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone .
2. If it is necessary， our school will provide the students with the
language training courses.
→ If necessary ， our school will provide the students with the
language training courses.
3. If I were you， I would apply for the project.
→ Were I you ， I would apply for the project.
as if waiting for someone
If necessary
Were I you
4. His suggestion made John happy， but his suggestion made Mary
angry.
→His suggestion made John happy， but Mary angry .
5. When I was asked how to get to the train station， I told him right
away.
→ When asked how to get to the train station ， I told him right
away.
6. You can ask my brother for help if it is so.
→You can ask my brother for help if so .
but Mary angry
When asked how to get to the train station
if so
7. We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to go to the cinema.
→We don’t go to the cinema as much as we used to .
8. While I was walking along the street， I heard my name called.
→ While walking along the street ， I heard my name called.
as much as we used to
While walking along the street
9. Although you are engaged in your study， you should set aside some
time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and
skiing.
→ Although engaged in your study ， you should set aside some
time to get involved in some outdoor activities such as hiking and
skiing.
Although engaged in your study
10. The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to
play with the knife.
→The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not
to .
told him not
to
维度三：语法与语篇
根据括号内的汉语提示，用省略结构完成下面语段。
After breakfast， Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She
talked to Tom 1. while washing bowls （洗碗时） and plates.She
said to Tom，“2. Look out for cars when crossing the street （过马
路时当心车辆）， my dear.” Tom usually said to his mom，
“3. See you （再见）， Mom.” However， this time， she heard
nothing.Tom hurriedly left home 4. as if anxious （好像很着
急）.She considered Tom rude this time， but she 5. didn’t know
why （不知道为什么）.She thought she would 6. make Tom
realise （让汤姆意识到） his wrong doings when he came back from
school.
while washing bowls
Look out for cars when crossing the street
See you
as if anxious
didn’t know
why
make Tom
realise
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The worst outbreak of desert locusts （蝗虫） in Kenya in 70 years
has seen hundreds of millions of the bugs swarm into the East African
nation from Somalia and Ethiopia.Those two countries have not had an
infestation （侵扰） like this in a quarter-century， destroying farmland
and threatening the region with serious hunger.
“Even cows are wondering what is happening，” said Ndunda
Makanga， who spent hours Friday trying to chase the locusts from his
farm.“Corn， sorghum， cowpeas， they have eaten everything.”
“Even a small swarm of the insects can consume enough food for
35，000 people in a single day，” said Jens Laerke of the UN
humanitarian office in Geneva.
About 70，000 hectares — 172，973 acres — of land in Kenya are
attacked.A single swarm can contain up to 150 million locusts per square
kilometer of farmland — an area the size of almost 250 football fields，
authorities say.
“We must act immediately，” said David Phiri of the UN Food and
Agricultural Organization.
About $70 million is needed to step up aerial pesticide （杀虫剂）
spraying， the only effective way to fight them， the UN says.That
won’t be easy， especially in Somalia.
Astonished by the finger-length insects， children dash here and
there， waving blankets to shake the locusts free.Farmers are afraid to let
their cattle out for grazing， and their crops are in danger， but there is
little they can do.
One especially large swarm in northeastern Kenya measured 60
kilometers long by 40 kilometers wide （37 miles long by 25 miles
wide）.
“The locals are really scared because they can consume
everything，” said Francis Kitoo， deputy director of agriculture in
southeastern Kenya’s Kitui county.“I’ve never seen such a big
number.” He expressed his own concern about the locusts.“They will
lay eggs and start another generation，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模
空前的蝗灾袭击。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肯尼亚遭受的一场规模
空前的蝗灾袭击。
1. What did Ndunda Makanga want to express about the outbreak of
locusts？（ ）
A. It’s very serious.
B. It’s very surprising.
C. It happens frequently.
D. It leads to heavy losses.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Ndunda Makanga提
到“甚至牛也不知所措”以及“蝗虫的无所不食”，充分说明了这
次蝗灾的严重性。
2. How does the author describe the outbreak of locusts？（ ）
A. By telling some stories.
B. By providing some facts.
C. By listing some numbers.
D. By giving some examples.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三至八段内容可知，作者主要通过
列数字的方式来说明这次蝗灾的严重程度。
3. How did the farmers react to the big number of locusts？（ ）
A. They were very brave.
B. They let their cattle out.
C. They sprayed pesticide.
D. They were helpless indeed.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知，面对铺天盖地
的蝗虫，农民们束手无策。
4. What’s Francis Kitoo’s attitude towards the future？（ ）
A. Worried. B. Confused.
C. Confident. D. Disappointed.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，Francis Kitoo说
他从没看到过如此多的蝗虫，并表示最大的担心是这些蝗虫将繁殖
出下一代蝗虫。
B
Rivers are very important.Humans rely on them for food and
water.But rivers can destroy things， too.They can flood， or rise over
their banks， making the water run into the nearby land.Floods can also
kill humans and wildlife.However， floods are not always bad.Some
ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats.For
example， a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned
rhinos.Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks， which makes the
water dirty.Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams， preventing the
river from flowing.Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea
and harm marine life.In addition， floodwaters can carry disease，
including hepatitis A and cholera.
However， not everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring
new life to ecosystems.Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby
land.Over time， the water dries up and leaves behind particles （微粒）
of dirt and mud.The particles are called sediment （沉淀物） which can
be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.Floods
are important to some animals as well.For instance， some animals see
floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate.Floods leave sediment on
river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals
in the water to eat.Moreover， in dry seasons， water might dry up， but
floods help refill the wetlands， keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature.They can destroy living things and the
environment.But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态
系统既有坏处也有好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。洪水作为大自然的一部分，对生态
系统既有坏处也有好处。
5. What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in
Paragraph 2？（ ）
A. Become. B. Pollute.
C. Block. D. Develop.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Floodwaters can pick up dirt
from riverbanks， which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的
preventing the river from flowing可知，洪水会沿途吸收泥土，而太
多的泥土会堵塞河道，使河水无法流淌。由此可推测，画线词clog
意为“堵塞”，与block意思相近。
6. How do floods help ecosystems？（ ）
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B. Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C. Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D. Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第三至五句可知，洪水沿途所
携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富，从而更好地改善生态系统。
7. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3？（ ）
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B. The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C. An effective means of improving soil.
D. The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第三段主旨句However， not
everything about floods is bad.Sometimes they bring new life to
ecosystems.可知，第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。
8. What’s the best title for this article？（ ）
A. Many Effects of Flooding
B. The Secret of Flooding
C. Floods： Everything Is So Bad
D. Floods： A Part of Nature
解析： 标题归纳题。文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的
方面，第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处，最后一段总结全文，
点明主题——洪水是大自然的一部分。因此，D项（洪水：大自然
的一部分）为文章最佳标题。
C
Brushing my teeth， I heard what sounded like branches scraping
（刮擦） the roof.I paused， wondering what it could be.Then I thought
that must have been Hurricane Isabel， which was blowing her way
through our city in September 2003.
Then I heard the sound of breaking glass.A second later， the entire
house shook.My husband and I stared at each other in frozen horror before
rushing to check on our baby daughter asleep in her bed.The sound had
scared her awake — never had a cry sounded so sweet — and my husband
gratefully snatched （抱起） her up and ran to the relative safety of our
room.
Then we ventured out.My husband started the car while I hurried
across the street to let a neighbour know we were okay and heading to a
friend’s home.Shaking but grateful to be alive， we drove away.
The next morning， bright sunlight clearly displayed the storm’s
destruction.We returned home to see that a giant tree in the center of our
yard had effectively split our house in two！
As we stood on the sidewalk wondering what to do， a local fire
truck pulled up.The firefighters informed us that our home had received
the worst damage in the city.When we meet neighbours for the first
time， their eyes pop when they realise we live in the house the tree fell
through.
In the days and weeks that followed， we remembered the feeling of
relief when we realised that everyone in our lives who mattered was
unscathed — me， my husband， our daughter and even our two pets.
Yes， we lost many things.But those things were replaceable and the
damage was temporary.
Every so often we pull out the photos of the tree’s destruction and
feel surprised at how blessed we were — and still are.Whenever we begin
to feel ungrateful or unsatisfied with what we have， those photos and
memories offer a reminder of how we came through that trial.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作
者一家死里逃生。大难不死的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。
9. How did the author feel when she heard the baby crying？（ ）
A. Sad. B. Curious.
C. Surprised. D. Delighted.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，作者听到孩子的哭
声后认为那是最甜美的声音——因为自己的女儿还活着。由此判
断，她当时感到庆幸和高兴。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次空前的飓风突然袭来，作
者一家死里逃生。大难不死的作者深深地为自己的幸运而感恩。
10. What made the author and her husband survive the terrible accident？
（ ）
A. Their leaving home quickly.
B. Their calling the firefighters.
C. Their receiving help from neighbours.
D. Their fighting with hurricane bravely.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二至四段内容可知，作者一家之
所以能够死里逃生，主要是因为他们当时做出的明智决定——快
速离家去投奔朋友。
11. What does the underlined word “unscathed” in Paragraph 6 mean？
（ ）
A. Not injured. B. Not affected.
C. Not included. D. Not disturbed.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，飓风结束了，作者一
家“平安无事”。
12. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？（ ）
A. To describe a terrible natural disaster.
B. To thank her neighbours and firefighters.
C. To show the importance of being thankful.
D. To tell us what to do in the face of a hurricane.
解析： 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过分享
他们一家人死里逃生的经历，主要表达了一种感恩的心情。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day on my way home I was caught in a storm.I took 13
from rain in a small shoe repair shop by the roadside.The cobbler （修鞋
匠） and his son were 14 their work， and after saying， “Good
day，” we began to chat.
As our 15 went on， the skilled man sent his son out to 16
something that he needed for his work.The boy had only been gone five
minutes， but it was too long for the 17 old cobbler to be idle （闲散
的）.He became 18 ， moved about the room， and at last took up a
scrap of leather （碎皮革） and fell to 19 it， saying， “You
know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”
As soon as the rain was over， I was on my way home， 20
what I had heard — “It will never do to be idle.” Some people are idle
only now and then， and some are 21 idle.I was one of the latter.So
the old man’s 22 came home to me.I began to feel how 23 it
was to waste so much of my life on idleness.
I made up my mind to follow the cobbler’s 24 for the rest of my
life.Oh， it was very 25 at first！ But I kept to my 26 .Slowly I
made good habits at work， and found the 27 of the cobbler’s
words， “It will never do to be idle.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。老鞋匠的一句“无所事事是万
万不行的”让作者深有感触，并以此自勉。
13. A. cover B. time
C. courage D. pleasure
解析： 根据本空前的I was caught in a storm和本空后的in a
small shoe repair shop by the roadside可知，作者回家路遇暴雨，到
路边的一家修鞋店避雨。take cover from rain “避雨”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。老鞋匠的一句“无所事事是万
万不行的”让作者深有感触，并以此自勉。
14. A. worried about B. aware of
C. busy at D. new to
解析： 根据第二段中的He became 18 ， moved about the
room和saying， “You know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可
知，老鞋匠没活干时在店里来回走，一闲下来就受不了。由此推
断，作者刚进店时老鞋匠和他的儿子都很忙。
15. A. business B. story
C. report D. conversation
解析： 根据第一段中的we began to chat可知，作者与老鞋匠继
续攀谈。
16. A. improve B. get C. fix D. learn
解析： 根据下文中的He became 18 ， moved about the
room可知，老鞋匠手头没活干，这说明他派儿子去取他干活要用
的东西。
17. A. fair B. lucky C. active D. familiar
解析： 根据下文中的moved about the room， and at last took up
a scrap of leather （碎皮革）和saying， “You know， sir， it will
never do to be idle.”可知，儿子才走了五分钟，这位老鞋匠就坐
不住了，这说明他是一个闲不住的人。
18. A. uneasy B. lonely
C. impolite D. tired
解析： 根据下文中的moved about the room ... saying， “You
know， sir， it will never do to be idle.”可知，老鞋匠在等待儿子
回来的过程中一直不想闲着，他变得很不安，在店里来回走，直
到最后拿起来一块碎皮革又开始工作。
19. A. charging for B. laughing at
C. referring to D. working on
解析： 参见上题解析。fall to doing sth开始做某事。
20. A. looking into B. thinking over
C. taking down D. speaking of
解析： 根据下文中的Some people are idle ... waste so much of
my life on idleness.可知，本段内容是雨停后作者在回家路上的思
考。think over “仔细考虑，慎重思考”。
21. A. also B. just C. always D. once
解析： 根据本段中的Some people are idle only now and then和I
was one of the latter.和to waste so much of my life on idleness可知，
作者想到，有的人只是偶尔闲散，而他自己属于总是闲散的人之
一，他因为闲散浪费了很多时间，老鞋匠的话让他开始感到自己
把这么多时间浪费在无所事事上是错误的。
22. A. words B. jokes
C. dreams D. abilities
解析： 参见上题解析。come home to sb使人（痛苦地）完
全明白。
23. A. risky B. common
C. addicted D. wrong
解析： 参见第21题解析。
24. A. example B. goal
C. method D. advice
解析： 根据上文可知，老鞋匠的话让作者深有感触，他下定
决心要终生以老鞋匠为榜样。
25. A. funny B. silly C. hard D. serious
解析： 根据本段中的at first和But I kept to my ... 可知，刚开
始时并不容易，但是作者坚持自己的目标。
26. A. interest B. purpose C. style D. role
解析： 参见上题解析。
27. A. topic B. symbol C. rest D. truth
解析：D 根据空前的Slowly I made good habits at work可知，慢
慢地，作者在工作中养成了好习惯，悟到了老鞋匠的话的真谛。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Formed in 2002， the China International Search and Rescue Team
（CISAR） brings help and hope to those 28. lives are
changed by natural disasters.
The team carried out 29. （it） first international
rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team had
worked outside China， and the team won high praise for their
30. （brave） and skill.The list of people
31. whom help has been given ever since is long.The team
32. （treat） more than 3，000 people who were injured in
the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia， and spent several months
33. （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010
floods in Pakistan.
Rescue workers are trained to find people， treat injuries， and hand
out food， water， and other supplies.There is 34.
（usual） no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents
may appear.35. （save） lives， rescue workers have to
work day and night， and sadly they must also bury 36.
dead， which means they have to be strong in both body and mind.And
they’ll have to take 37. （effect） measures in
action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is
needed.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国国际搜救队
自成立以来取得的搜救成绩和工作性质。
28. whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，
设空处在从句中作名词lives的定语，故填whose。
29. its 考查代词。空后first international rescue mission为名词短语，
故应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
30. bravery 考查词形转换。设空处与空后名词skill为并列关系，应
填名词。故填bravery。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国国际搜救队
自成立以来取得的搜救成绩和工作性质。
31. to 考查介词。31. whom help has been given ever
since为定语从句，从句为give sth to sb被动结构，故填to。
32. treated 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，所填动词作句子
的谓语，结合时间状语in the 2006 earthquake可知，应用一般过去时。
故填treated。
33. giving 考查非谓语动词。 spend time （in） doing为固定短语，
其中in可省略，故填giving。
34. usually 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语表示频
率，应用副词。故填usually。
35. To save 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状
语，应用动词不定式。设空处位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填To
save。
36. the 考查冠词。36. dead应是动词bury的宾语，形
容词之前加定冠词the可表一类人，相当于名词。故填the。
37. effective 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，修饰名词应用形容
词作定语。故填effective。
谢谢观看！
