Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.It is common that all the cinemas are almost full of audience， are holding popcorn and drinks.
2. is apparently shown in the chart above， there are about 10％ students supporting the idea.
3.I came across my primary school teacher this morning， with I have been out of touch for almost 20 years.
4.My sisters， photos I showed you yesterday， will come to see us this evening.
5.It is the third time that Jim has failed the driving test， makes him disheartened.
6.Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s， he gave it to his grandson.
7.It all began in 1877， Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention， the record player.
8.The building， an important conference is being held， is in the center of the city.
9.The custom has come down to us from our ancestors， developed it a long time ago.
10.The course normally attracts 50 students a term， of up to half are from overseas.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. ， “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
正如一句古老谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成。”
2.We appreciated the rich cultural treasures here， .
我们欣赏了这里丰富的文化瑰宝，在这里我们学到了许多历史知识。
3.He will put off the picnic until May 1st， .
他将把野餐推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。
4.Last Sunday I happened to meet Li Li in the street， .
上星期天我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。
5.Julie is good at German， French and Russian， .
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她都说得很流利。
6.I bought a lot of books， .
我买了很多书，花掉了我节省下来的所有的钱。
7.As I was getting out of the car， I saw my son， ， waiting for me nearby.
当我下车的时候，我看到已经一个月没见的儿子正在附近等着我。
8.In reality， people under thirty account for most of the netizens， .
事实上，30岁以下的人占网民总数的大多数，其中一些人对网络上瘾。
9.This course is mainly targeted at beginners， they can lay a good foundation for Chinese characters.
这门课程主要针对初学者，其作者希望他们能打好汉字的基础。
10.The West Lake， ， is very beautiful.
西湖很美，杭州以西湖而闻名。
维度三：语法与语篇
用适当的连词或关系词完成下面短文
Nat， 1. was ten years old， lived in a small town in England.He always stayed in England for his holidays， 2. one day he decided to go to Spain， 3. all his friends liked to go for their holidays.First he went to Madrid， 4. is the Spanish capital， and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning， he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the left.But in Spain， they drive on the right， 5. he forgot.6. he was walking along a busy street， a bike 7. came before him， knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital， in 8. the girl 9. rode the bike said sorry to him.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 10. he stayed in Spain.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Everybody likes to laugh sometimes， whether at a funny joke， an amusing incident or a comical photograph or sound.The great thing is that once we’ve had a good laugh， we feel happier.It would seem， therefore， that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations might be good for us.
Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could sometimes do with a good dose of laughter.Seeing the funny side of things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel better about what we’re doing.Maybe we should get inspiration from Steve Carlisle， president of General Motors of Canada.He says “Humour can help people feel more relaxed， more comfortable and thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too.It’s a good way to break the ice with students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning.
But we have to be careful： not everyone laughs at the same things.While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student for their well-told joke， others may consider them offensive！According to Professor Schweitzer， from the University of Philadelphia’s Wharton School， a worker or boss who successfully uses humour is seen as both confident and competent， which in turn increases his or her status.His study Risky Business：When Humour Increases and Decreases Status also found that someone who tells inappropriate jokes is also seen as confident but they’re also regarded as incompetent.
So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can spread some happiness.A study published in The Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management in 2006， which found for healthcare workers， emotional exhaustion was significantly lower among those who experienced greater levels of fun at work.And other research has discovered that teams who share more jokes gave more supportive and constructive statements to each other and that’s no joke！
1.In what way does Steve Carlisle try to get along with his employees？
A.Helpful ways. B.Inspiring ways.
C.Confident ways. D.Humorous ways.
2.What should a new teacher do if he or she is to appear confident and competent？
A.Try to be relaxed. B.Try to be careful.
C.Tell jokes. D.Keep calm.
3.What does the underlined phrase “break the ice” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Have a conversation. B.Have an argument.
C.Break a habit. D.Talk about ice.
4.What is someone seen as when they tell unsuitable jokes？
A.Easy-going. B.Incapable.
C.Stupid. D.Enjoyable.
B
Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said that the British are the only people who like to be told how bad things are.This is true of British comedy.Most people think humour is about happy things， but for the British， the opposite is true.We love to use our sense of humour to complain and be negative.
British comedy， for example， draws a fine line between comedy and tragedy.The Office is a TV show， famous for its dry humour.The main character， David Brent， is a foolish man， and the show’s comedy comes from his delusions.For example， he often tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewers can see that everyone hates him.
Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition in Britain.In Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night， the character Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on.The audience will laugh away， although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic individual （个人）.
This side of British humour is reflected in friendships as well.At university， my friends and I would always laugh at one another.I had an American friend who actually found this sarcasm （挖苦） quite upsetting.She didn’t realize that in Britain， the better friends you are with someone， the more you laugh at him or her.This way — laughing at everything — may sound rather depressing， but our strange humour played a big part in British history.In the Second World War， along with a stiff upper lip， the British got through it by laughing.What else was there to do？
There is a saying in English：“Laugh and the world laughs with you； weep and you weep alone.”If you are ever on the receiving end of British sarcasm， you may feel like crying， but it’s best to just laugh it off！
5.How is British humour different from others？
A.It often concerns human nature.
B.It is often surprising and negative.
C.It is often about the bad things in life.
D.It often makes people feel depressed.
6.What does the underlined word “delusions” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Strong abilities. B.Kind gestures.
C.Wrong beliefs. D.Deep doubts.
7.Why is Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night mentioned？
A.To show one of the best examples of British comedy.
B.To praise Shakespeare for his representative works.
C.To stress the difficulty of getting people to accept British comedy.
D.To prove Britain has a tradition of laughing at stupid characters.
8.How does the author advise people to react to British sarcasm？
A.Learn from it.
B.Not take it seriously.
C.Forget about the upsetting things.
D.Be careful not to make stupid mistakes.
C
Dr.Wiseman started “the laugh lab” project in September.It is the largest study of humour.Participants are invited to log on to the laugh lab website， give a few personal details， tell their favourite jokes and judge the jokes told by other people.
The project will last for a year， and the organisers hope to finally discover the world’s funniest joke.But there is also a serious purpose.The researchers want to know what people from different nations and cultures find funny.And they want to find out the difference between the male and female sense of humour.The idea is that if we want to understand each other， we have to find out what makes us laugh.
This is a subject that has long attracted psychologists and philosophers.Most of the time， people are not completely honest.We do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what we want.But laughing cannot be controlled.When we laugh， we tell the truth about ourselves.By December over 10，000 jokes had been submitted （递交）.This gave the scientists enough evidence to make early conclusions.It seems that men and women do have different senses of humour， for instance.
“Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which males and females use humour，” said Dr.Wiseman.“Males use humour to appear superior to others， while females are more skilled in languages and prefer wordplay.”Researchers also found that there really is such a thing as a national sense of humour.The British enjoy what is usually called “toilet humour”.But the French like their jokes short and sharp：“You’re a high-priced lawyer.Will you answer two questions for $500？” “Yes.What’s the second question？”
The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour.But the survey found that German participants were more likely to find submitted jokes funny than any other nationality.Perhaps that proves the point.Is this joke funny？ I don’t know， but let’s say yes， just to be safe.
Dr.Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by computers.But none of those who took part in the survey found any of them amusing.Perhaps this is puters already seem like they can do everything.At least they should leave the funny stuff to us.
9.What’s the purpose of “the laugh lab” project？
A.To find the funniest joke in European countries.
B.To get more personal details about participants.
C.To know what funny people are like from different nations and cultures.
D.To find out the differences between the male and female sense of humour.
10.What can we infer from the passage？
A.Most of the people all over the world are completely honest.
B.People tell the truth about themselves only when they laugh.
C.Ordinary people are not interested in “the laugh lab” project at all.
D.Psychologists and philosophers take interest in the “laugh lab” project.
11.According to the passage， what can we safely say？
A.Jokes created by computers are less appealing to people.
B.Men and women have similar senses of humour.
C.The project lasted one year.
D.Scientists have collected enough evidence to make final conclusions.
12.What is the best title for the passage？
A.Funny or Not？
B.Laugh Louder！
C.Men Laugh Better！
D.Watch Out for the Trap in Jokes！
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sharing a Sense of Style
When I woke up on 4 August， there was only one thing on my mind： what to wear.A billion 13 raced through my brain.I didn’t want to be trying too hard， but I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy and 14 girl.Not only was it my first day of high school， but it was my first day of school in a new state； first impressions were 15 and it was important for me to impress the people who I would spend the next four years with.
This was my third time being the 16 kid.But this time was 17 because my dad promised that I would start and finish high school in the same place.This time mattered， and that made me 18 .
After carefully 19 my closet， I proudly came out in a dress.The soft cotton was 20 and the ruffled shoulders added a hint of fun.Yes， this outfit was the one. An hour later， I felt powerful as I 21 toward room 1136.But as I entered the classroom， my jaw dropped to the floor.
Sitting at the desk was Mrs Hutfilz， my English teacher， 22 exactly the same dress as me.I kept my head 23 and walked to my seat silently.I made it through my brief introduction 24 until Mrs Hutfilz stood up， jokingly adding that she liked my style.Although this was the moment I had been afraid of from the moment I walked in， all my anxiety surprisingly 25 ， and the students paid attention as I shared my story.My smile grew as I laughed with the students.After class， I stayed behind and talked to Mrs Hutfilz， relieved to make a humourous and real connection.
Looking back four years later， I thought the ten minutes I spent being afraid of giving my speech were really not worth it.My first period of high school certainly made the day 26 in the best way and taught me that Mrs Hutfilz has an awesome sense of 27 ！
13.A.thoughts B.reasons
C.causes D.substitutes
14.A.particular B.untidy
C.serious D.unkind
15.A.much B.nothing
C.little D.everything
16.A.new B.old
C.ordinary D.special
17.A.similar B.difficult
C.different D.easy
18.A.happy B.relieved
C.nervous D.excited
19.A.searching B.tidying
C.fixing D.ranging
20.A.convincing B.comfortable
C.heavy D.slight
21.A.drove B.slipped
C.headed D.slid
22.A.putting B.ironing
C.wearing D.having
23.A.away B.up
C.down D.off
24.A.paper B.speech
C.lecture D.class
25.A.went up B.melted away
C.added up D.gave out
26.A.lonesome B.embarrassing
C.troublesome D.unforgettable
27.A.responsibility B.justice
C.style D.humour
Ⅲ.语法填空
Stand-up is a kind of comedy 28 （do） on a stage by a comedian talking straight to audience members.There are 29 （vary） styles of stand-up comedy.First， some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about the daily life.Second， other comedians rely on visual humour， 30 may be inspired by objects.Third， other comedians may trip over chairs， walk into doors， and fall down on stage in order to get people 31 （laugh）.
Billy Crystal is one of 32 most famous stand-up comedians.One reason why Crystal has become so famous is 33 he is very quick thinking and is often able to come up 34 new jokes about the people and things around him.Crystal is popular with all age 35 （group） and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.This proves that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.
Nowadays，stand-up comedy is popular all over the world.Doctors even 36 （discover） so far that it helps stay healthy 37 fight pains.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36. 37.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.who 2.As 3.whom 4.whose 5.which 6.when
7.when 8.where 9.who 10.whom
维度二
1.As an old saying goes
2.where we learnt a lot about history
3.when he will be free
4.who seemed to be very busy
5.all of which she speaks fluently
6.on which I spent all my money that I saved
7.whom I hadn’t seen for a month
8.some of whom are addicted to the Internet
9.whose author hopes that
10.for which Hangzhou is famous
维度三
1.who 2.but 3.where 4.which 5.which 6.While
7.which/that 8.which 9.who/that 10.when
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了幽默在生活和工作中的重要作用。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的He says “Humour can help people ...at what they do.”可推断，史蒂夫·卡莱尔认为幽默有助于人们放松，感到舒适，工作更有效。由此推断，他与员工的相处方式是幽默的。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too.和第三段中的According to Professor ...or her status.可知，如果一个新老师想要看起来自信和有能力，可以讲笑话，表现出幽默。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据上文Humour can be used by teachers in the classroom too.和下文create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for learning可知，老师可以在课堂上使用幽默的方式与学生们交谈，创造出更轻松的氛围，有利于学习。因此推断画线短语指“交谈”，从而打破僵局。
4.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的His study Risky ...regarded as incompetent.可知，讲不恰当笑话的人被认为是无能的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式幽默在文化和生活中的体现，以及我们应该如何回应这种幽默。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Most people think humour is about happy things， but for the British， the opposite is true.可知，大多数人认为幽默是关于开心的事情，但对英国人来说恰恰相反。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后所举的例子可知，David Brent认为每个人都喜欢他，但观众可以看出，每个人都讨厌他，故此处表示他的“错觉”。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，观众嘲笑愚蠢的人物在英国是一个古老的传统，接下来以莎士比亚的作品为例来证明这个观点。
8.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，对于英国人的挖苦嘲讽，人们一笑置之即可，不必太当真。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由Dr.Wiseman进行的一次有关幽默感的调查，调查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑话，了解来自不同国家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之间幽默感的不同，同时通过统计得出了一定的结论。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The project will last ...sense of humour.可知，研究者的目的是搜集世界上最有趣的笑话，调查不同的人有什么不同的幽默感以及男女之间幽默感的不同。
10.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断，这个项目已经吸引了心理学家和哲学家。
11.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句可知，电脑创造的笑话对人的吸引力较小。
12.A 标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章介绍了由Dr.Wiseman进行的一次有关幽默感的调查，调查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑话，了解来自不同国家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之间幽默感的不同，同时通过统计得出了一定的结论。故A项为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中开学第一天非常重视自己的穿着，想给大家留下一个好印象。结果，当作者走进教室的时候，却发现自己和老师穿着同样的衣服。作者很尴尬、紧张，但是老师以幽默的方式化解了作者的紧张。
13.A 根据下文的raced through my brain可知，作者的脑子里闪过许多关于穿什么衣服的念头。
14.B 根据上文的I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy并结合常识可知，打扮得不好会给人留下懒惰和邋遢的印象。
15.D 根据下文的it was important for me可知，作者觉得第一印象很重要，就是“一切（everything）”。
16.A 根据上文的Not only was it ... a new state可知，此处表示这是作者第三次当新生。
17.C 根据下文的my dad promised ... high school in the same place可知，这次的情况有所不同，因为父亲承诺会让作者在同一个地方读完高中。
18.C 根据上文的This time mattered， and that made me 可知，作者很看重这次和同学的见面，因此很紧张。
19.A 根据上文的When I woke up ...what to wear.可知，作者在思考开学第一天穿什么，所以此处是指在衣柜里寻找衣服。
20.B 结合上文的The soft cotton可知，棉布材质的裙子穿起来很舒服。
21.C 根据下文的toward room 1136可知，此处表示作者走向自己的教室。head toward “走向”。
22.C 根据下文的exactly the same dress as me可知，老师和作者穿着一样的衣服。
23.C 根据上文语境及下文的and walked to my seat silently可知，作者居然和老师穿了同样的衣服，顿时觉得尴尬，所以是低着头走到了自己的座位上。
24.B 根据上文的my brief introduction可知，此处指作者简短的个人介绍，应用speech。
25.B 根据下文的My smile grew as I laughed with the students.可知，作者的焦虑消失了。
26.D 根据上文作者在高中第一天和老师穿了同样的裙子以及四年后仍然记得那天的事情可推知，作者觉得那一天很难忘。
27.C 文章以作者和老师穿了同样的裙子展开，最后老师以幽默的方式化解了尴尬的情况，故此处用style，既指Hutfilz老师有很好的时尚感，又指Hutfilz老师的处事风格很棒。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“单口喜剧”这种类型的喜剧以及最著名的单口喜剧演员之一——Billy Crystal。
28.done 考查非谓语动词。句中有系动词is且无连词， 故应用非谓语动词形式， comedy与do之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用do的过去分词。故填done。
29.various 考查词形转换。空后styles意为“方式”， 为可数名词复数， 前面应用形容词修饰。故填various。
30.which 考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知， 空处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词为visual humour，指物，在从句中作主语， 故填which。
31.to laugh 考查非谓语动词。get sb to do sth意为“使某人做某事”，故填to laugh。
32.the 考查冠词。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”意为“最……之一”， 故填the。
33.that 考查表语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，作is的表语，从句中不缺成分且意义完整。故填that。
34.with 考查介词。come up with意为“想出， 提出（计划、想法等）”， 后接new jokes， 意为“想出新的笑话”。故填with。
35.groups 考查名词复数。句中group意为“群， 组”， 为可数名词， 根据句意及空前all可知， 这里指所有年龄群体， 故应用group的复数形式。故填groups。
36.have discovered 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和句中so far可知， 句子应用现在完成时， 且句子主语为Doctors，谓语应用复数形式。故填have discovered。
37.and 考查连词。句中stay healthy和fight pains之间为并列关系， 都是单口喜剧带来的帮助， 故应用连词and连接两个并列短语。故填and。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
非限制性定语从句
1.I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
2.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
3.I speak with the on-duty nurse， who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
4.Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better， which means clown doctors can be helpful.
【我的发现】
1.非限制性定语从句对主句中的先行词起 作用，主句和从句之间常用 隔开；
2.句1中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的 ；
3.句2中用了“ ”引导非限制性定语从句；
4.句3中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的 ；
5.句4中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代 。
一、非限制性定语从句的概述
非限制性定语从句是指对先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明的定语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，如果去掉此从句，不会影响主句意思的完整性。在形式上，非限制性定语从句和主句之间一般用逗号隔开。
Mr Li is the manager of our company， whom you saw at the meeting yesterday.
李先生是我们公司的经理，昨天你在会上见过他。
The house， which we bought last month， is very nice.
我们上个月买的这栋房子很漂亮。
二、非限制性定语从句的引导词
1.关系词：（1）关系代词：who， whom， which， whose（＝of whom/which）， as；（2）关系副词：when， where。
2.先行词及其在从句中作的成分
关系词 先行词 在从句中作的成分
who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语
whose（＝of whom或of which） 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
3.that不能引导非限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中应用who/whom指人，用which指物。指人作宾语时只能用宾格whom，不能用who替换；非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，常用for which代替why。
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.（who作主语）
查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
Xiaowang， whom they often talk about， is going to America next month.（whom作宾语）
他们经常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国。
I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend， where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.（where作状语）
我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
The earth goes around the sun， as we all know.（as作宾语）
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
The president said that he didn’t need any reason， for which the plan couldn’t be carried out.
董事长说他不需要任何计划不能得到执行的理由。
【即时演练1】 用非限制性定语从句合并下列句子
①Tom studies hard and is ready to help others.This is what his parents expect.
→Tom studies hard and is ready to help others， .
②The class officers will meet in Room 101.They met in Room 101 last week.
→The class officers will meet in Room 101， .
③Thomas Edison was a great scientist.His inventions have changed the way of our living.
→Thomas Edison was a great scientist， .
④She has two sons.The older of them has just graduated from college.
→She has two sons， .
⑤He is from England.Everyone here knows that.
→ ， he is from England.
三、“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词只能用which或whom。介词的选择主要依据以下几点：
1.根据介词与动词的搭配关系
There are some details in the project， about which the manager cares much.（care about）
在这项工程里有一些细节，经理对此非常关心。
2.根据介词与形容词的搭配关系
I introduced some subjects to her， in which she may be interested.（be interested in）
我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对此感兴趣。
3.根据介词与先行词的关系
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key， without which I can’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。
4.根据属于与被属于（或部分与整体）的关系
There stands a building over there， the elevators of which often go out of order.
那里矗立着一座楼，这座楼的电梯经常出故障。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①Many lessons are now available online， .
许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
②A friend is someone who brings out your best qualities， .
朋友就是能使你表现出最佳品质的人，与他在一起你变得更有见识。
③There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin， .
天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。
四、as和 which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as和 which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时， 区别如下：
区分点 as which
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点，并指出主句内容 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
Einstein， as we all know， is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。（as引导非限制性定语从句，代指整句意思）
It rained hard yesterday， which prevented me from going to the park.
昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。（which引导非限制性定语从句，代指上句It rained hard yesterday， which可转换为and this/that）
【点津】 （1）as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect， know， report， say， see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected （不出所料）， as is mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）， as is often the case （这是常有的事）等。
（2）as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such， so或the same连用，构成such/so ...as和the same ...as结构。
Such books as I have read are English novels.（as作宾语）
我所读过的书都是英语小说。
【即时演练3】 选词填空（which/as）
①The air quality in the city， is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months.
②He is an excellent student in all subjects except for math， is his shortcoming.
③ is known to all， China has developed quickly these years and it has become one of the most important countries in the world.
五、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
区分点 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
形式不同 用逗号和主句隔开 紧跟在先行词后，不用逗号隔开
功能不同 起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义的完整 起限定作用，不可省略，否则主句意思不完整
关系词不同 that，why不能引导 所有关系词都可引导，在从句中作宾语时可省略
先行词不同 名词、代词、名词性短语或整个主句 名词、代词或名词性短语
翻译方式不同 一般译为并列分句 一般译为定语
【即时演练4】 补全句子
①He works very hard and has created many pieces of music， .
他很努力，创作了很多曲子，作为一个多产作曲家名副其实。
②The fact proves that anyone will be punished by it.
事实证明，任何违背大自然规律的人都将受到大自然的惩罚。
六、常使用非限制性定语从句的三种情况
1.关系代词指代整个主句的内容时，用非限制性定语从句。
She said she had finished her work， which I doubted very much.
她说她已经完成了工作，我对此深感怀疑。
2.先行词指世界上独一无二的事物、专有名词或表示类属事物时，用非限制性定语从句。
The moon， which is 384，400 kilometers away from the earth， creates many beautiful stories for people.
月球为人们创造了很多美好的故事，它距离地球384，400千米远。
3.some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/two of which/whom等结构中常用非限制性定语从句。
I have three foreign teachers， two of whom are from Canada.
我有三位外籍老师，其中两位来自加拿大。
【即时演练5】 补全句子
①Repairing the car cost her a lot of money， .
修理汽车花了她一大笔钱，这使她很沮丧。
②The young generation， were well-educated， volunteered to teach in poor areas.
年轻一代自愿到贫困地区教书，他们中大多数受过良好的教育。
③The moon， ， is only a satellite of the earth.
月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。
essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
【教材原句】 Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information？
哪些句子包含一个带有极其重要信息的从句，哪些句子包含带有额外信息的从句？
【用法】
（1）be essential to sth/sb 对某物/人来说必不可少/极其重要
（2）it is essential to do sth 做某事是完全必要的/至关重要的
（3）It is essential/important/necessary/strange/surprising ...＋that从句，that从句是真正的主语，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
【佳句】 Above all， it is essential that you （should） get fully prepared before the contest.
最重要的是，你必须在比赛前做好充分的准备。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①As for me， it is essential （know） what kind of problems young students possibly would encounter on campus.
②It is important that he before Friday.
重要的是他要在星期五之前预定。
【写美】 翻译句子
③和睦的家庭对孩子的个人发展和身心健康是极其重要的。
impress v.使钦佩，使留下深刻印象
【教材原句】 Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks will impress Holmes.
沃森对自己的回答很满意，他认为这会给福尔摩斯留下深刻印象。
【用法】
（1）be impressed by/with ... 被……打动
impress sth on sb＝impress sb with sth 某事给某人留下深刻印象
（2）impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on ... 给……留下印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb/sth 对某人/物的印象好/不好
（3）impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
【佳句】 Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是我第一次参观故宫博物院。
【练透】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Don’t be too talkative， or you may leave a poor （impress） on other people.
②Also， the wisdom delivered through Chinese classic poems can be rather （impress） and helpful for learners of Chinese.
③Their kindness made a good impression on us while we were staying there.
→We their kindness while we were staying there.
【写美】 补全句子
④Williams Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.
威廉姆斯对本杰明印象深刻并给他两本经典的绘画图书让他带回家。
deserve v.应得，应受到；值得
【教材原句】 We all deserve a second chance， I guess.我想我们都应该再给对方一次机会。
【用法】
deserve to do 应该/值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing 应该/值得做……
deserve respect/praise 值得尊重/表扬
【佳句】 As the saying goes， “No pain， no gain”.You really deserve a reward.
俗话说：“一分耕耘，一分收获”。你确实应该得到奖赏。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Maria has been working hard； she deserves （win） a scholarship.
【写美】 补全句子
②With many wild animals gradually dying out， .
由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，当前形势值得注意。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.补充说明 逗号 2.waiting area 3.不定代词＋of＋which
4.nurse 5.前面整个主句
即时演练1
①which is what his parents expect ②where they met last week
③whose inventions have changed the way of our living
④the older of whom has just graduated from college
⑤As is known by everyone here
即时演练2
①from which students can choose for free
②with whom you become more knowledgeable
③among which I like the Ancient Cultural Street best
即时演练3
①as ②which ③As
即时演练4
①which lives up to his reputation as a productive composer
②who goes against the order of nature
即时演练5
①which made her depressed ②most of whom
③which doesn’t give out light itself
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①to know ②（should） make a reservation
③A harmonious family is essential to children’s personal development as well as their physical and mental health.
2.①impression ②impressive ③had/got a good impression of
④was impressed by/with
3.①to win ②the present situation deserves attention/paying attention to/to be paid attention to
1 / 6(共95张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
非限制性定语从句
1. I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there’s a
familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
2. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old
magazines， all of which have been read hundreds of times
previously.
3. I speak with the on-duty nurse， who tells me that Lara’s parents
rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
4. Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make
people feel better， which means clown doctors can be helpful.
【我的发现】
1. 非限制性定语从句对主句中的先行词起 作用，主句和
从句之间常用 隔开；
2. 句1中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的
；
3. 句2中用了“ ”引导非限制性定语从句；
4. 句3中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的 ；
5. 句4中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代 。
补充说明
逗号
waiting
area
不定代词＋of＋which
nurse
前面整个主句
一、非限制性定语从句的概述
非限制性定语从句是指对先行词加以描述、解释或补充说明的定
语从句。它不是句中不可或缺的部分，如果去掉此从句，不会影
响主句意思的完整性。在形式上，非限制性定语从句和主句之间
一般用逗号隔开。
Mr Li is the manager of our company， whom you saw at the meeting
yesterday.
李先生是我们公司的经理，昨天你在会上见过他。
The house， which we bought last month， is very nice.
我们上个月买的这栋房子很漂亮。
二、非限制性定语从句的引导词
1. 关系词：（1）关系代词：who， whom， which， whose（＝of
whom/which）， as；（2）关系副词：when， where。
关系词 先行词 在从句中作的成分
who 人 主语
whom 人 宾语
which 物/整个主句 主语/宾语
whose（＝of whom或of which） 人/物 定语
as 人/物/整个主句 主语/宾语
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
2. 先行词及其在从句中作的成分
3. that不能引导非限制性定语从句，在非限制性定语从句中应用
who/whom指人，用which指物。指人作宾语时只能用宾格whom，
不能用who替换；非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，常用for
which代替why。
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.
（who作主语）
查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。
Xiaowang， whom they often talk about， is going to America next
month.（whom作宾语）
他们经常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国。
I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend， where we
enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.（where作状语）
我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。
The earth goes around the sun， as we all know.（as作宾语）
众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
The president said that he didn’t need any reason， for which the
plan couldn’t be carried out.
董事长说他不需要任何计划不能得到执行的理由。
【即时演练1】 用非限制性定语从句合并下列句子
①Tom studies hard and is ready to help others.This is what his parents
expect.
→Tom studies hard and is ready to help others，
.
②The class officers will meet in Room 101.They met in Room 101 last
week.
→The class officers will meet in Room 101，
.
which is what his
parents expect
where they met last
week
③Thomas Edison was a great scientist.His inventions have changed
the way of our living.
→Thomas Edison was a great scientist，
.
④She has two sons.The older of them has just graduated from college.
→She has two sons，
.
⑤He is from England.Everyone here knows that.
→ ， he is from England.
whose inventions have
changed the way of our living
the older of whom has just graduated from
college
As is known by everyone here
三、“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词只能
用which或whom。介词的选择主要依据以下几点：
1. 根据介词与动词的搭配关系
There are some details in the project， about which the manager
cares much.（care about）
在这项工程里有一些细节，经理对此非常关心。
2. 根据介词与形容词的搭配关系
I introduced some subjects to her， in which she may be interested.
（be interested in）
我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对此感兴趣。
3. 根据介词与先行词的关系
Last night I took part in a party and lost my key， without which I
can’t open the door of my dormitory.
昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。
4. 根据属于与被属于（或部分与整体）的关系
There stands a building over there， the elevators of which often go
out of order.
那里矗立着一座楼，这座楼的电梯经常出故障。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①Many lessons are now available online，
.
许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
②A friend is someone who brings out your best qualities，
.
朋友就是能使你表现出最佳品质的人，与他在一起你变得更有见识。
③There are a great number of attractions in Tianjin，
.
天津有很多景点，其中我最喜欢的是古文化街。
from which students can
choose for free
with
whom you become more knowledgeable
among
which I like the Ancient Cultural Street best
四、as和 which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as和 which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时， 区别如下：
区分点 as which
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主
句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点，并指出主句内容 引导的从句在意义上相
当于一个并列句
Einstein， as we all know， is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。（as引导非限制性定语从
句，代指整句意思）
It rained hard yesterday， which prevented me from going to the
park.
昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。（which引导非限制性定语从
句，代指上句It rained hard yesterday， which可转换为and
this/that）
【点津】 （1）as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect，
know， report， say， see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于
一些固定结构中。如：as was expected （不出所料）， as is
mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）， as is often the case
（这是常有的事）等。
（2）as也可用在限制性定语从句中，此时它多和such， so或the
same连用，构成such/so ...as和the same ...as结构。
Such books as I have read are English novels.（as作宾语）
我所读过的书都是英语小说。
【即时演练3】 选词填空（which/as）
①The air quality in the city， is shown in the report， has
improved over the past two months.
②He is an excellent student in all subjects except for
math， is his shortcoming.
③ is known to all， China has developed quickly these years
and it has become one of the most important countries in the world.
as
which
As
五、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
区分点 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句
形式不同 用逗号和主句隔开 紧跟在先行词后，不用逗号
隔开
功能不同 起补充说明作用，去掉后
不影响主句意义的完整 起限定作用，不可省略，否
则主句意思不完整
关系词 不同 that，why不能引导 所有关系词都可引导，在从
句中作宾语时可省略
先行词 不同 名词、代词、名词性短语
或整个主句 名词、代词或名词性短语
翻译方式 不同 一般译为并列分句 一般译为定语
【即时演练4】 补全句子
①He works very hard and has created many pieces of
music，
.
他很努力，创作了很多曲子，作为一个多产作曲家名副其实。
②The fact proves that anyone
will be punished by it.
事实证明，任何违背大自然规律的人都将受到大自然的惩罚。
which lives up to his reputation as a productive
composer
who goes against the order of
nature
六、常使用非限制性定语从句的三种情况
1. 关系代词指代整个主句的内容时，用非限制性定语从句。
She said she had finished her work， which I doubted very much.
她说她已经完成了工作，我对此深感怀疑。
2. 先行词指世界上独一无二的事物、专有名词或表示类属事物时，用
非限制性定语从句。
The moon， which is 384，400 kilometers away from the earth，
creates many beautiful stories for people.
月球为人们创造了很多美好的故事，它距离地球384，400千米远。
3. some/many/few/a few/little/much/most/two of which/whom等结构中
常用非限制性定语从句。
I have three foreign teachers， two of whom are from Canada.
我有三位外籍老师，其中两位来自加拿大。
【即时演练5】 补全句子
①Repairing the car cost her a lot of money，
.
修理汽车花了她一大笔钱，这使她很沮丧。
②The young generation， were well-educated，
volunteered to teach in poor areas.
年轻一代自愿到贫困地区教书，他们中大多数受过良好的教育。
③The moon， ， is only a
satellite of the earth.
月球本身不发光，它只是地球的一个卫星。
which made her
depressed
most of whom
which doesn’t give out light itself
2
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
【教材原句】 Which sentences contain a clause with essential
information and which with extra information？
哪些句子包含一个带有极其重要信息的从句，哪些句子包含带有额外
信息的从句？
（1）be essential to sth/sb
对某物/人来说必不可少/极其重要
（2）it is essential to do sth
做某事是完全必要的/至关重要的
（3）It is essential/important/necessary/strange/surprising ...＋that
从句，that从句是真正的主语，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原
形”，其中should可以省略。
【用法】
【佳句】 Above all， it is essential that you （should） get fully
prepared before the contest.
最重要的是，你必须在比赛前做好充分的准备。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①As for me， it is essential （know） what kind of
problems young students possibly would encounter on campus.
②It is important that he before
Friday.
重要的是他要在星期五之前预定。
to know
（should） make a reservation
【写美】 翻译句子
③和睦的家庭对孩子的个人发展和身心健康是极其重要的。
A harmonious family is essential to children’s personal development
as well as their physical and mental health.
impress v.使钦佩，使留下深刻印象
【教材原句】 Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks
will impress Holmes.
沃森对自己的回答很满意，他认为这会给福尔摩斯留下深刻印象。
（1）be impressed by/with ... 被……打动
impress sth on sb＝impress sb with sth 某事给某人留下深刻印象
（2）impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on ... 给……留下印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb/sth 对某人/物的印象好/不
好
（3）impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的
【用法】
【佳句】 Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit
to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中，印象最深的就是我第一次参观故宫博物院。
【练透】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Don’t be too talkative， or you may leave a poor
（impress） on other people.
②Also， the wisdom delivered through Chinese classic poems can be
rather （impress） and helpful for learners of
Chinese.
impression
impressive
③Their kindness made a good impression on us while we were staying
there.
→We their kindness while we were
staying there.
had/got a good impression of
【写美】 补全句子
④Williams Benjamin and gave him two
classic books on painting to take home.
威廉姆斯对本杰明印象深刻并给他两本经典的绘画图书让他带回家。
was impressed by/with
deserve v.应得，应受到；值得
【教材原句】 We all deserve a second chance， I guess.我想我们都
应该再给对方一次机会。
【用法】
deserve to do 应该/值得做……
deserve to be done＝deserve doing 应该/值得做……
deserve respect/praise 值得尊重/表扬
【佳句】 As the saying goes， “No pain， no gain”.You really
deserve a reward.
俗话说：“一分耕耘，一分收获”。你确实应该得到奖赏。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Maria has been working hard； she deserves （win） a
scholarship.
to win
②With many wild animals gradually dying out，
.
由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，当前形势值得注意。
the present
situation deserves attention/paying attention to/to be paid attention
to
【写美】 补全句子
3
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
维度一：基础题型练
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. It is common that all the cinemas are almost full of
audience， are holding popcorn and drinks.
2. is apparently shown in the chart above， there are about 10
％ students supporting the idea.
who
As
3. I came across my primary school teacher this morning，
with I have been out of touch for almost 20 years.
4. My sisters， photos I showed you yesterday， will come
to see us this evening.
5. It is the third time that Jim has failed the driving test，
makes him disheartened.
6. Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s，
he gave it to his grandson.
whom
whose
which
when
7. It all began in 1877， Thomas Edison made the first
recording of a human voice on his invention， the record player.
8. The building， an important conference is being held，
is in the center of the city.
9. The custom has come down to us from our ancestors，
developed it a long time ago.
10. The course normally attracts 50 students a term， of up
to half are from overseas.
when
where
who
whom
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. ， “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
正如一句古老谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成。”
2. We appreciated the rich cultural treasures here，
.
我们欣赏了这里丰富的文化瑰宝，在这里我们学到了许多历史
知识。
3. He will put off the picnic until May 1st， .
他将把野餐推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。
As an old saying goes
where we learnt
a lot about history
when he will be free
4. Last Sunday I happened to meet Li Li in the street，
.
上星期天我碰巧在街上遇到了李立，他似乎很忙。
5. Julie is good at German， French and Russian，
.
朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她都说得很流利。
6. I bought a lot of books，
.
我买了很多书，花掉了我节省下来的所有的钱。
who seemed
to be very busy
all of which she
speaks fluently
on which I spent all my money that I
saved
7. As I was getting out of the car， I saw my son，
， waiting for me nearby.
当我下车的时候，我看到已经一个月没见的儿子正在附近等着我。
8. In reality， people under thirty account for most of the
netizens， .
事实上，30岁以下的人占网民总数的大多数，其中一些人对网
络上瘾。
9. This course is mainly targeted at beginners，
they can lay a good foundation for Chinese characters.
这门课程主要针对初学者，其作者希望他们能打好汉字的基础。
whom I hadn’t
seen for a month
some of whom are addicted to the Internet
whose author hopes
that
10. The West Lake， ， is very
beautiful.
西湖很美，杭州以西湖而闻名。
for which Hangzhou is famous
维度三：语法与语篇
用适当的连词或关系词完成下面短文
Nat， 1. was ten years old， lived in a small town in
England.He always stayed in England for his holidays， 2. one
day he decided to go to Spain， 3. all his friends liked to go
for their holidays.First he went to Madrid， 4. is the
Spanish capital， and stayed in a small hotel.On the first morning，
he went out for a walk.In England， people drive on the left.But in
Spain， they drive on the right， 5. he forgot.6.
who
but
where
which
which
he was walking along a busy street， a bike 7.
came before him， knocked him down.Nat was sent to the hospital，
in 8. the girl 9. rode the bike said sorry to
him.After two days， Nat left Spain and returned to England.He told
his friends that he wouldn’t forget the days 10. he stayed in
Spain.
While
which/that
which
who/that
when
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Everybody likes to laugh sometimes， whether at a funny joke，
an amusing incident or a comical photograph or sound.The great thing
is that once we’ve had a good laugh， we feel happier.It would seem，
therefore， that bringing a bit of humour into more serious situations
might be good for us.
Places like a humourless office or a tense classroom could
sometimes do with a good dose of laughter.Seeing the funny side of
things can certainly lift our spirits and that in turn can make us feel
better about what we’re doing.Maybe we should get inspiration from
Steve Carlisle， president of General Motors of Canada.He says
“Humour can help people feel more relaxed， more comfortable and
thus be more effective at what they do.” Humour can be used by
teachers in the classroom too.It’s a good way to break the ice with
students and create a more relaxed atmosphere which is good for
learning.
But we have to be careful： not everyone laughs at the same
things.While some of us may admire a work colleague or fellow student
for their well-told joke， others may consider them offensive！
According to Professor Schweitzer， from the University of
Philadelphia’s Wharton School， a worker or boss who successfully
uses humour is seen as both confident and competent， which in turn
increases his or her status.His study Risky Business：When Humour
Increases and Decreases Status also found that someone who tells
inappropriate jokes is also seen as confident but they’re also regarded
as incompetent.
So telling the right jokes in the office or classroom can spread
some happiness.A study published in The Journal of Behavioral and
Applied Management in 2006， which found for healthcare workers，
emotional exhaustion was significantly lower among those who
experienced greater levels of fun at work.And other research has
discovered that teams who share more jokes gave more supportive and
constructive statements to each other and that’s no joke！
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了幽默在生活和工作中的
重要作用。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了幽默在生活和工作中的
重要作用。
1. In what way does Steve Carlisle try to get along with his
employees？
A. Helpful ways. B. Inspiring ways.
C. Confident ways. D. Humorous ways.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的He says “Humour can help
people ...at what they do.”可推断，史蒂夫·卡莱尔认为幽默有助于
人们放松，感到舒适，工作更有效。由此推断，他与员工的相处方
式是幽默的。
2. What should a new teacher do if he or she is to appear confident and
competent？
A. Try to be relaxed. B. Try to be careful.
C. Tell jokes. D. Keep calm.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Humour can be used by
teachers in the classroom too.和第三段中的According to
Professor ...or her status.可知，如果一个新老师想要看起来自信和
有能力，可以讲笑话，表现出幽默。
3. What does the underlined phrase “break the ice” in Paragraph 2
probably mean？
A. Have a conversation.
B. Have an argument.
C. Break a habit.
D. Talk about ice.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据上文Humour can be used by teachers
in the classroom too.和下文create a more relaxed atmosphere which
is good for learning可知，老师可以在课堂上使用幽默的方式与学
生们交谈，创造出更轻松的氛围，有利于学习。因此推断画线短语
指“交谈”，从而打破僵局。
4. What is someone seen as when they tell unsuitable jokes？
A. Easy-going. B. Incapable.
C. Stupid. D. Enjoyable.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的His study
Risky ...regarded as incompetent.可知，讲不恰当笑话的人被认为是
无能的。
B
Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said that
the British are the only people who like to be told how bad things
are.This is true of British comedy.Most people think humour is about
happy things， but for the British， the opposite is true.We love to use
our sense of humour to complain and be negative.
British comedy， for example， draws a fine line between
comedy and tragedy.The Office is a TV show， famous for its dry
humour.The main character， David Brent， is a foolish man， and
the show’s comedy comes from his delusions.For example， he often
tells himself that he is loved by everyone but the viewers can see that
everyone hates him.
Stupid characters for the audience to laugh at are an old tradition
in Britain.In Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night， the character
Malvolio is an old man whom people play tricks on.The audience will
laugh away， although the reality is that this man is a truly tragic
individual （个人）.
This side of British humour is reflected in friendships as well.At
university， my friends and I would always laugh at one another.I had
an American friend who actually found this sarcasm （挖苦） quite
upsetting.She didn’t realize that in Britain， the better friends you are
with someone， the more you laugh at him or her.This way —
laughing at everything — may sound rather depressing， but our
strange humour played a big part in British history.In the Second
World War， along with a stiff upper lip， the British got through it
by laughing.What else was there to do？
There is a saying in English：“Laugh and the world laughs with
you； weep and you weep alone.”If you are ever on the receiving end
of British sarcasm， you may feel like crying， but it’s best to just
laugh it off！
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式幽默在文化和
生活中的体现，以及我们应该如何回应这种幽默。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式幽默在文化和
生活中的体现，以及我们应该如何回应这种幽默。
5. How is British humour different from others？
A. It often concerns human nature.
B. It is often surprising and negative.
C. It is often about the bad things in life.
D. It often makes people feel depressed.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Most people think
humour is about happy things， but for the British， the
opposite is true.可知，大多数人认为幽默是关于开心的事情，
但对英国人来说恰恰相反。
6. What does the underlined word “delusions” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Strong abilities. B. Kind gestures.
C. Wrong beliefs. D. Deep doubts.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后所举的例子可知，David
Brent认为每个人都喜欢他，但观众可以看出，每个人都讨厌他，
故此处表示他的“错觉”。
7. Why is Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night mentioned？
A. To show one of the best examples of British comedy.
B. To praise Shakespeare for his representative works.
C. To stress the difficulty of getting people to accept British comedy.
D. To prove Britain has a tradition of laughing at stupid characters.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，观众嘲笑愚蠢的
人物在英国是一个古老的传统，接下来以莎士比亚的作品为例来证
明这个观点。
8. How does the author advise people to react to British sarcasm？
A. Learn from it.
B. Not take it seriously.
C. Forget about the upsetting things.
D. Be careful not to make stupid mistakes.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，对于英国人
的挖苦嘲讽，人们一笑置之即可，不必太当真。
C
Dr.Wiseman started “the laugh lab” project in September.It is the
largest study of humour.Participants are invited to log on to the laugh
lab website， give a few personal details， tell their favourite jokes
and judge the jokes told by other people.
The project will last for a year， and the organisers hope to
finally discover the world’s funniest joke.But there is also a serious
purpose.The researchers want to know what people from different
nations and cultures find funny.And they want to find out the
difference between the male and female sense of humour.The idea is
that if we want to understand each other， we have to find out what
makes us laugh.
This is a subject that has long attracted psychologists and
philosophers.Most of the time， people are not completely honest.We
do things that society expects us to and say things that help us get what
we want.But laughing cannot be controlled.When we laugh， we tell
the truth about ourselves.By December over 10，000 jokes had been
submitted （递交）.This gave the scientists enough evidence to make
early conclusions.It seems that men and women do have different
senses of humour， for instance.
“Our findings show the major differences in the ways in which
males and females use humour，” said Dr.Wiseman.“Males use
humour to appear superior to others， while females are more skilled
in languages and prefer wordplay.”Researchers also found that there
really is such a thing as a national sense of humour.The British enjoy
what is usually called “toilet humour”.But the French like their jokes
short and sharp：“You’re a high-priced lawyer.Will you answer two
questions for $500？” “Yes.What’s the second question？”
The Germans are famous for not having a sense of humour.But
the survey found that German participants were more likely to find
submitted jokes funny than any other nationality.Perhaps that proves
the point.Is this joke funny？ I don’t know， but let’s say yes， just to
be safe.
Dr.Wiseman and his workmates also submitted jokes created by
computers.But none of those who took part in the survey found any of
them amusing.Perhaps this is puters already seem like they
can do everything.At least they should leave the funny stuff to us.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由Dr.Wiseman进行的一
次有关幽默感的调查，调查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑话，了解来
自不同国家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之间幽默感的不同，
同时通过统计得出了一定的结论。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由Dr.Wiseman进行的一
次有关幽默感的调查，调查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑话，了解来
自不同国家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之间幽默感的不同，
同时通过统计得出了一定的结论。
9. What’s the purpose of “the laugh lab” project？
A. To find the funniest joke in European countries.
B. To get more personal details about participants.
C. To know what funny people are like from different nations and
cultures.
D. To find out the differences between the male and female sense of
humour.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The project will
last ...sense of humour.可知，研究者的目的是搜集世界上最有
趣的笑话，调查不同的人有什么不同的幽默感以及男女之间幽
默感的不同。
10. What can we infer from the passage？
A. Most of the people all over the world are completely honest.
B. People tell the truth about themselves only when they laugh.
C. Ordinary people are not interested in “the laugh lab” project at all.
D. Psychologists and philosophers take interest in the “laugh lab”
project.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断，这个项目已
经吸引了心理学家和哲学家。
11. According to the passage， what can we safely say？
A. Jokes created by computers are less appealing to people.
B. Men and women have similar senses of humour.
C. The project lasted one year.
D. Scientists have collected enough evidence to make final conclusions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句可知，电脑创造的
笑话对人的吸引力较小。
12. What is the best title for the passage？
A. Funny or Not？
B. Laugh Louder！
C. Men Laugh Better！
D. Watch Out for the Trap in Jokes！
解析： 标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章介绍了由Dr.Wiseman进
行的一次有关幽默感的调查，调查者想了解世界上最幽默的笑
话，了解来自不同国家不同文化的人的幽默感，以及男女之间幽
默感的不同，同时通过统计得出了一定的结论。故A项为文章最
佳标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Sharing a Sense of Style
When I woke up on 4 August， there was only one thing on my
mind： what to wear.A billion 13 raced through my brain.I didn’t
want to be trying too hard， but I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy
and 14 girl.Not only was it my first day of high school， but it was
my first day of school in a new state； first impressions were 15
and it was important for me to impress the people who I would spend
the next four years with.
This was my third time being the 16 kid.But this time
was 17 because my dad promised that I would start and finish
high school in the same place.This time mattered， and that made
me 18 .
After carefully 19 my closet， I proudly came out in a
dress.The soft cotton was 20 and the ruffled shoulders added a
hint of fun.Yes， this outfit was the one. An hour later， I felt
powerful as I 21 toward room 1136.But as I entered the
classroom， my jaw dropped to the floor.
Sitting at the desk was Mrs Hutfilz， my English
teacher， 22 exactly the same dress as me.I kept my head 23
and walked to my seat silently.I made it through my brief
introduction 24 until Mrs Hutfilz stood up， jokingly adding that
she liked my style.Although this was the moment I had been afraid of
from the moment I walked in， all my anxiety surprisingly 25 ，
and the students paid attention as I shared my story.My smile grew as
I laughed with the students.After class， I stayed behind and talked to
Mrs Hutfilz， relieved to make a humourous and real connection.
Looking back four years later， I thought the ten minutes I spent
being afraid of giving my speech were really not worth it.My first
period of high school certainly made the day 26 in the best way
and taught me that Mrs Hutfilz has an awesome sense of 27 ！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中开学第一天非常重视自
己的穿着，想给大家留下一个好印象。结果，当作者走进教室的时
候，却发现自己和老师穿着同样的衣服。作者很尴尬、紧张，但是
老师以幽默的方式化解了作者的紧张。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在高中开学第一天非常重视自
己的穿着，想给大家留下一个好印象。结果，当作者走进教室的时
候，却发现自己和老师穿着同样的衣服。作者很尴尬、紧张，但是
老师以幽默的方式化解了作者的紧张。
13. A. thoughts B. reasons
C. causes D. substitutes
解析： 根据下文的raced through my brain可知，作者的脑子
里闪过许多关于穿什么衣服的念头。
14. A. particular B. untidy
C. serious D. unkind
解析： 根据上文的I also didn’t want to be seen as a lazy并结合
常识可知，打扮得不好会给人留下懒惰和邋遢的印象。
15. A. much B. nothing
C. little D. everything
解析： 根据下文的it was important for me可知，作者觉得第
一印象很重要，就是“一切（everything）”。
16. A. new B. old C. ordinary D. special
解析： 根据上文的Not only was it ... a new state可知，此处表
示这是作者第三次当新生。
17. A. similar B. difficult
C. different D. easy
解析： 根据下文的my dad promised ... high school in the same
place可知，这次的情况有所不同，因为父亲承诺会让作者在同一
个地方读完高中。
18. A. happy B. relieved
C. nervous D. excited
解析： 根据上文的This time mattered， and that made me 可
知，作者很看重这次和同学的见面，因此很紧张。
19. A. searching B. tidying
C. fixing D. ranging
解析： 根据上文的When I woke up ...what to wear.可知，作者
在思考开学第一天穿什么，所以此处是指在衣柜里寻找衣服。
20. A. convincing B. comfortable
C. heavy D. slight
解析： 结合上文的The soft cotton可知，棉布材质的裙子穿起
来很舒服。
21. A. drove B. slipped C. headed D. slid
解析：根据下文的toward room 1136可知，此处表示作者走向
自己的教室。head toward “走向”。
22. A. putting B. ironing
C. wearing D. having
解析： 根据下文的exactly the same dress as me可知，老师和
作者穿着一样的衣服。
23. A. away B. up C. down D. off
解析： 根据上文语境及下文的and walked to my seat silently可
知，作者居然和老师穿了同样的衣服，顿时觉得尴尬，所以是低
着头走到了自己的座位上。
24. A. paper B. speech C. lecture D. class
解析： 根据上文的my brief introduction可知，此处指作者简
短的个人介绍，应用speech。
25. A. went up B. melted away
C. added up D. gave out
解析： 根据下文的My smile grew as I laughed with the
students.可知，作者的焦虑消失了。
26. A. lonesome B. embarrassing
C. troublesome D. unforgettable
解析： 根据上文作者在高中第一天和老师穿了同样的裙子以
及四年后仍然记得那天的事情可推知，作者觉得那一天很难忘。
27. A. responsibility B. justice
C. style D. humour
解析： 文章以作者和老师穿了同样的裙子展开，最后老师以
幽默的方式化解了尴尬的情况，故此处用style，既指Hutfilz老师
有很好的时尚感，又指Hutfilz老师的处事风格很棒。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Stand-up is a kind of comedy 28 （do） on a stage by a
comedian talking straight to audience members.There are 29
（vary） styles of stand-up comedy.First， some comedians tell jokes
about the way people behave or about the daily life.Second， other
comedians rely on visual humour， 30 may be inspired by
objects.Third， other comedians may trip over chairs， walk into
doors， and fall down on stage in order to get people 31
（laugh）.
Billy Crystal is one of 32 most famous stand-up
comedians.One reason why Crystal has become so famous is 33 he
is very quick thinking and is often able to come up 34 new jokes
about the people and things around him.Crystal is popular with all
age 35 （group） and has the ability to amuse people all over the
world.This proves that stand-up can be enjoyed by everyone.
Nowadays，stand-up comedy is popular all over the
world.Doctors even 36 （discover） so far that it helps stay
healthy 37 fight pains.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“单口喜剧”这种类型的
喜剧以及最著名的单口喜剧演员之一——Billy Crystal。
28. done 考查非谓语动词。句中有系动词is且无连词， 故应用非谓
语动词形式， comedy与do之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用do的过去
分词。故填done。
29. various 考查词形转换。空后styles意为“方式”， 为可数名词复
数， 前面应用形容词修饰。故填various。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“单口喜剧”这种类型的
喜剧以及最著名的单口喜剧演员之一——Billy Crystal。
30. which 考查定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知， 空处引导非
限制性定语从句， 先行词为visual humour，指物，在从句中作主
语， 故填which。
31. to laugh 考查非谓语动词。get sb to do sth意为“使某人做某
事”，故填to laugh。
32. the 考查冠词。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”意为
“最……之一”， 故填the。
33. that 考查表语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导表语
从句，作is的表语，从句中不缺成分且意义完整。故填that。
34. with 考查介词。come up with意为“想出， 提出（计划、想法
等）”， 后接new jokes， 意为“想出新的笑话”。故填with。
35. groups 考查名词复数。句中group意为“群， 组”， 为可数名
词， 根据句意及空前all可知， 这里指所有年龄群体， 故应用group
的复数形式。故填groups。
36. have discovered 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和句中so
far可知， 句子应用现在完成时， 且句子主语为Doctors，谓语应用复
数形式。故填have discovered。
37. and 考查连词。句中stay healthy和fight pains之间为并列关系，
都是单口喜剧带来的帮助， 故应用连词and连接两个并列短语。故填
and。
谢谢观看！
