Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.I think it’s （残忍的） to keep dogs locked up inside all day.
2.The （男人） felt rather out of place as he was the only person that wore sportswear at the party.
3.It is important for you to understand these basic mathematical （概念）.
4.After all things had been discussed， the meeting was （结束） with the applause.
5.Informal （交流） among employees is seen as part of the ongoing training process.
6.He touched me with his fingers， （低声地说） to me in my ear， “The teacher is coming.”
7.I feel really guilty because I made some cruel （评论） too， but I dislike seeing our team lose.
8.He is concerned about his skin because it has started to become very oily， with lots of red s .
9.When the middle-aged man was visiting his girlfriend， he was demanded to s his beard.
10.You may imagine what great difficulty I had expressing c ideas in simple English.
维度二：词形转换
1.The new teacher made an （impress） on the students by his rich knowledge and humorous talk.
2.As long as you work hard， you’ll see a slow but （remark） improvement in your classroom performance during the next term.
3.At the end of the class， the students drew a （conclude） that interest is the best teacher.
4.Every （interact） between keepers and their animals creates some sort of connections.
5.We had to walk quietly， talking in （whisper）， and dared not even take a peep inside.
6.Humour could not only entertain but throw new light on sensitive or （emotion） issues.
7.The beatings and the （cruel） of the guards had a deep effect on Elias.
8.The book deserves （reread） because it is so interesting and informative.
9.The travellers finally spotted smoke （come） out of the houses in the distance.
10.In the early 1900s， （compose） who worked in the Romantic style were the most popular in Austria-Hungary.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.In the end， the woman lost her temper and （斥责她的儿子） for his bad action.
2.On the top of the mountain （矗立着一座古庙） dating back to the Tang Dynasty.
3.He （删掉） the unnecessary words in his essay to make it shorter.
4.This is a very demanding job and you have to （反应迅速）.
5. （使她高兴的事） was that she won first prize in such an important match.
6.The man stopped in a village after a long journey， （又累又饿）.
7. （分享笑话） can make people present feel relaxed.
8.Humour is thought to be a tool （使我们有一个好心情）.
9.He became famous in the 1990s， （在那时体育运动越来越流行）.
10.The Americans and the British （不但说相同的语言）， but （also） share a large number of social customs.
维度四：课文语法填空
Humour 1. （be） an essential part of human behaviour for thousands of years.It could not only entertain but also throw new light 2. sensitive or emotive issues.Closer to modern times， someone who 3. （remember） for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is Mark Twain.But on 4. other side of the world， Lin Yutang’s quick wit helped make him famous 5. a master of humour.Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter， but is a way of life and a tool 6. can be used 7. （illuminate） the world.8. （live） and working with others can sometimes be complicated， 9. humour makes this easier.Indeed， some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.In the words of Mark Twain， “Humour is mankind’s greatest 10. （bless）”.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Telling jokes requires intelligence， creativity， imagination and the ability to tell a story， while listening to jokes is more passive behaviour but one that demands attention， intelligence and being in the right mood in order to enjoy jokes.Besides， there are also clear similarities between joke tellers and appreciators.A new study takes this further and tries to find other connections between creating humour and appreciating humour.
The author carried on the cartoon caption （字幕） task.159 participants were shown more than 30 cartoons without captions and were asked to come up with a funny caption for each one of them.Later， independent judges classified those captions based on how funny they were.
The results showed that those who produced the funniest captions also produced more captions overall.What was more interesting was that creating funny captions was negatively related to appreciation of humour.In other words， funny people tend to find jokes less funny than other people do.It is not clear why this is the case， but it might be because creators of great humour have higher standards of humour creativity and expect higher levels of creativity from people who tell jokes， compared to those who are not so good at creating humour.
Moreover， outgoing people and those who are open to new experiences found the cartoons funnier， but surprisingly， outgoing people are less likely to be funny.This is consistent with my own research that comedians were more introverted than the general population.They usually don’t like to express themselves in social situations.
Appreciation and production of humour are two different cognitive （认知的） tasks， each with unique characteristics.This is why when someone tells you he or she has a great sense of humour， you may ask， “Are you good at telling jokes or do you tend to laugh more？”
1.What qualities do joke tellers and appreciators have in common？
A.Attention. B.Creativity.
C.Imagination. D.Intelligence.
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A.The results of the study.
B.The process of the study.
C.The judgement of the study.
D.The importance of the study.
3.According to the text， outgoing people .
A.are good at appreciating humour
B.are more likely to be comedians
C.are more likely to be funny
D.are unwilling to express themselves in social situations
4.What does the underlined word “introverted” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Being very successful.
B.Being easy to talk to.
C.Being quiet and shy.
D.Being kind to others.
B
The idea that you can use humour， laughter， and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true.However， it is really true and simple.Humour， laughter and play have an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humour， which is closely tied to laughter.Laughter is infectious.Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling？When laughter is shared between people， it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you， and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile， even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy.We are often encouraged to make sure our children play， and are told the benefits of being out playing.However， what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play part of their life as it’s for children.Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.While the studies are still in the early stages， the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive （认知的） decline.
Anyway， adding humour， laughter， and play to our life will influence us mentally， physically and socially and bring us many advantages.So we should make full use of humour， laughter and play to make our life more active， interesting and happier.
5.What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A.Playing an important role.
B.Keeping people in high spirits.
C.Spreading quickly among people.
D.Preventing illness from spreading.
6.What can laughter improve according to the author？
A.Cognitive abilities.
B.Personal relationships.
C.A sense of humour.
D.Responsibility and trust.
7.What does the author think the old should do？
A.They should have a good rest.
B.They should play like children.
C.They should prevent cognitive decline.
D.They should take part in physical play.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A.Humour， Laughter and Play for Health
B.Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C.Have an Active and Happy Life
D.Let Our Body and Mind Relax
C
What makes a sense of humour is a difficult thing to tell.Different people find different things funny， and what may seem hilarious to some might be highly rude to others.However， having a good sense of humour is important for reducing stress and getting along with others.Therefore， it’s important to think about ways to improve your sense of humour.
Look for the funny side of situations.While it can be difficult at times to find the funny side in unfortunate events when you’re having a bad day， try to think about how the situation might look like to other people， and attempt not to get too angry.Laughing over minor accidents， trips and falls will help you in preventing the loss of temper that you will regret later.
Learn some basic jokes.Some people find it hard to remember jokes， and feel left out when others are telling them.It’s worth trying to learn a few jokes that you can pull out of the bag when you need to， or regularly think about how you can turn a funny situation that occurs in daily life into an entertaining anecdote （趣闻） for later.
Look at jokes or funny cards.There are many different kinds of funny cards available， which can be a great inspiration for finding ways to improve your sense of humour.Giving an appropriate funny card to friends and family on the right occasion will show that you have a good sense of humour and are thinking about them.
Learn from friends.Look at friends that you think have a great sense of humour.How do they deal with situations， and what kind of jokes do they make？ Is there anything you can take away from their actions？
9.What does the underlined word “hilarious” in the first paragraph probably mean？
A.Extremely funny. B.Quite harmful.
C.Greatly meaningful. D.Quite useful.
10.How can you be humorous in tough times？
A.By looking for the funny side of situations.
B.By laughing over any accident.
C.By turning a funny situation into a joke.
D.By struggling not to lose your temper.
11.What should people do for learning some basic jokes？
A.Be active and learn from friends.
B.Be creative and get well prepared.
C.Be patient and listen to others carefully.
D.Be confident and have a good memory.
12.What would be the best title of the passage？
A.What Makes a Sense of Humour
B.How to Improve Your Sense of Humour
C.What’s Your Humour Style
D.Benefits of Humour
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How would you feel if a colleague suggested you take a comedy class to improve your sense of humour.I felt stressed. 13 Yet according to Jennifer Aaker and Naomi Bagdonas， humour is not something you are born with or without. 14 What’s more， finding our funny sides strengthens relationships， unlocks creativity， and makes us more likable.It helps in any life situation. 15
I turned to Aaker and Bagdonas and they agreed to teach me how to find my funny bones.In our first call， we discuss the common misunderstandings that stop many of us in our comedy tracks.The first， Aaker says， is the belief that humour has no place in certain situations， especially at work. 16 But 98％ of the bosses say they prefer employees with a sense of humour and believe they do better work.
They believe the power of humour that they also improve the ability to help people avoid difficult situations. 17 Research shows that people who watch a funny video before trying to solve a puzzle are twice as likely to be successful.
A.Rather， it can be developed gradually.
B.We worry that humour is not welcomed in the office.
C.Humour has been proved to increase creativity.
D.Some people just aren’t funny and I’m one of them.
E.Therefore， people eagerly sign up for the humour course.
F.Every joke follows the fundamental structure of setup and punch line.
G.If you feel uncomfortable making the jokes， leave them to someone else.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
罗文·艾金森（Rowan Atkinson）是著名的喜剧大师，在英国和其他国家都拥有众多的粉丝。请根据下表提供的信息，写一篇80词左右的英语短文，介绍一下罗文·艾金森。
人物 罗文·艾金森，英国著名喜剧演员，1955年1月6日出生于英格兰，毕业于牛津大学
荧幕形象 所扮演的憨豆先生风靡世界；他的荧幕形象有点傻，但是他通过这个角色告诉人们对生活要乐观
表演方式 通过丰富的肢体动作来展示自己的幽默，使人发笑
评价 出色的演技为他赢得了许多奖项，被誉为继卓别林之后的又一位喜剧大师
参考词汇：喜剧演员 comedian； 牛津大学 Oxford University
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.cruel 2.fellow 3.concepts 4.concluded 5.interaction
6.whispering 7.remarks 8.spots 9.shave
plicated
维度二
1.impression 2.remarkable 3.conclusion 4.interaction 5.whispers 6.emotive 7.cruelty 8.rereading/to be reread
9.coming posers
维度三
1.told her son off
2.stands an old temple
3.crossed out
4.think on your feet
5.What made her happy
6.tired and hungry
7.Sharing jokes
8.which/that can make us have a good mood
9.when the popularity of sports was on the increase
10.not only speak the same language
维度四
1.has been 2.on 3.is remembered 4.the 5.as 6.that
7.to illuminate 8.Living 9.and 10.blessing
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了讲笑话的人和欣赏笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智，一项新的研究对此进行了进一步研究，并试图找到创造幽默和欣赏幽默之间的其他联系。文章解释了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，讲笑话的人和欣赏笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智。
2.B 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了研究的过程。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可推知，外向的人善于欣赏幽默。
4.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句可知，喜剧演员通常不喜欢在社交场合表达自己，说明他们比较安静和害羞。故画线词意为“安静，害羞”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。幽默、笑和玩耍有益于身心健康，作者就它们对身心的影响进行了阐述。
5.C 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的Have you ever heard ... smiling？可知，此处指“你曾听到一个小孩子大笑后能忍住不笑吗？”，由此可推断出，infectious的意思是“有感染力的”。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的When laughter is shared ... happiness.可知，当笑声传递开来，它会让人们彼此间的关系更加密切，会增加快乐，即会使人与人之间的关系更加友好。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的However， what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play part of their life as ... illness.可知， 我们经常忘记玩耍对老年人和孩子同样重要，它可以帮助预防疾病，因此作者认为老年人应该玩耍。
8.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章就幽默、笑和玩耍对身心的影响进行阐述，说明了幽默、笑和玩耍有益于健康这一主题。因此，A项为本文最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提升幽默感的几个方法。
9.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的Different people find different things funny及后面的might be highly rude to others可推测，画线词意思应与rude形成对比。结合选项可知，A项与画线词意思相近。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Look for the funny ...get too angry.可知，在困难的时候要学会寻找事情有趣的一方面，这样就能够保持幽默。
11.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的It’s worth trying ...anecdote （趣闻） for later.可知，为了学习一些基本的笑话，我们应当变得富有创造力，将生活中一些有趣的场景改编成趣闻轶事，并且也可以提前学习一些笑话，即有所准备。换句话说是：要有创造力，做好充分准备。
12.B 标题归纳题。文章第一段指出想办法提高幽默感很重要，下文段落讲述了提升幽默感的几个方法。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是如何提升你的幽默感，B项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处。
13.D 空前一句指出作者感觉压力很大，空处应解释作者为什么压力大，D项承接上文，符合语境。
14.A 空前一句指出幽默不是与生俱来的，空处应说明幽默可以后天形成，A项符合语境。
15.E 空前一句介绍了幽默的好处，因为幽默有这么多好处，所以人们才愿意报名参加一些幽默课程，E项和上文构成因果关系，符合语境。
16.B 根据空后一句可知，实际上老板们更喜欢有幽默感的员工，But表明此处与下文是转折关系，应说明人们认为幽默在工作中不受欢迎的错误观点，B项符合语境。
17.C 空后一句指出幽默能提高人们的创造力，使人们更有可能获取成功。C项对下文进行总结，指出幽默的好处，C项中的proved和下文Research shows相呼应。
Ⅲ.
Rowan Atkinson is a famous British comedy actor.He was born in England on 6 January 1955 and graduated from Oxford University.He won many fans both in England and many other countries.
Mr Bean he played on the screen is popular all over the world.The characters are a bit silly， but through these roles， he tells people to be optimistic about life.He shows his humour through rich body movements， which makes people laugh.
Having excellent acting skills， he won many awards and was hailed as one of the greatest comedians after Chaplin.
5 / 6Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
The Importance of Humour
Humour has been an essential① part of human behaviour for thousands of years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece②， and medieval③ writings are filled with④ jokes.[1]While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then， their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also⑤ throw new light on⑥ sensitive or emotive⑦ issues.
[1]本句为复合句。While引导让步状语从句。主句中含有that引导的宾语从句，not only ...but also ...连接并列谓语。
Closer to modern times， someone who is remembered for his ability to combine⑧ humour with more serious messages⑨ is American writer， Mark Twain.Twain’s particular style of writing⑩ is funny and often mischievous .For example， in his classic novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer， he famously says， “Writing is easy.[2]All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people.For instance， while on a lecturing tour of the United States， Twain went into a barber’s shop to get a haircut and a shave.The barber， not recognising him， asked if he had a ticket to the lecture.When Twain replied that he didn’t， the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand， as there were no seats left in the theatre.Twain’s response was， “That’s just my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow lectures！”
[2]All作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略动词不定式符号to。
Like Twain， but on the other side of the world， Lin Yutang was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour.A well-known bilingual writer ， Lin brought the concept of humour to modern Chinese literature .In 1924， he creatively borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humour”.“Youmo” is still being used in this way today.
Lin’s quick wit helped make him famous as a master of humour .[3]Once， having been invited to dinner at a university， he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.Thinking on his feet ， Lin started to tell a story about a cruel Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals.[4]First came a lion.The man whispered something in the lion’s ear， after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily.Then along came a tiger.Again， the man whispered in the tiger’s ear.The tiger looked shocked and hurried away .“What did you say to my animals？” said the emperor， astonished.“I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for dinner.” Lin’s audience roared with laughter.With this little joke， Lin was able to make people laugh， while gently telling off the president.
[3]主句使用了被动语态，动词-ing短语having been invited to dinner at a university作状语。由于invited这个动作发生在was put on之前， 所以用完成式。when引导时间状语从句。
[4]本句是完全倒装句，副词First放在句首时，后面把谓语came移到主语之前。
Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter， but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world.Lin even created an equation to explain this concept：Reality＋Dreams＋Humour＝Wisdom.Living and working with others can sometimes be complicated ， and humour makes this easier.Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together .Indeed， some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.In the words of Mark Twain， “humour is mankind’s greatest blessing ”.
【读文清障】
①essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
②Ancient Greece古希腊
③medieval adj.中世纪的，中古时期的
④be filled with充满，装满
⑤not only ...but also ...
不仅……而且……
⑥throw light on使（某事）显得非常清楚；使人了解（某事）
⑦emotive adj.使情绪激动的
⑧combine v.使结合，使联合
combine ...with ...
把……和……结合起来
⑨serious message严肃的内容
⑩particular style of writing
特别的写作风格
mischievous adj.调皮的，淘气的
classic novel经典小说
cross out删除，删去（字句）
witty remark机智的言论
interaction n.交流
on a lecturing tour在巡回演讲
barber’s shop理发店
go to the event
去参加活动
brand n.品牌，牌子
brand of ……风格
brand of humour某种类型的幽默
bilingual writer双语作家
concept n.概念，观念
modern Chinese literature
中国现代文学
quick wit机智敏捷
master of humour幽默大师
spot n.地点，处所
put sb on the spot（故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某人难堪
think on one’s feet
急中生智；头脑反应很快
cruel adj.残忍的
cruelty n.残忍， 残酷；无情
Roman emperor罗马皇帝
whisper v.悄声说，低语
hurry away匆匆离去
roar v.哄笑，大笑
roar with laughter哄堂大笑
tell off斥责，责骂
illuminate v.照亮，照明
equation n.等式，方程式
complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的
bring ...together
把……聚集在一起
blessing n.恩赐；祝福；好事
【参考译文】
幽默的重要性
数千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字记载中有喜剧，笑话也常常出现在中世纪的作品当中。虽然对现在的我们来说，那些笑话可能没有它们在中世纪的时候那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不只是一种娱乐的方式，它还可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。
到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。他独特的写作风格幽默风趣，而且常常带有调侃意味。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》中有一句名言：“写作很容易，你只需要把错误的单词划掉就行。”但是他日常与人交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。比如，有一次在美国做巡回演讲的时候，马克·吐温走进一家理发店去理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他，问他有没有这场演讲的门票。当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里没有多余的座位了。马克·吐温回答说：“真倒霉。只要那个家伙演讲，我总是要站着！”
和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，林语堂很快也因其独特的幽默风格而出名。作为著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古汉语中的“幽默”作为英文单词“humour”的翻译。今天，“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。
林语堂的机智使他成为了著名的幽默大师。有一次，他被邀请去一个大学吃晚餐，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。林语堂急中生智，开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝要把一个人喂给野兽的故事。首先来了一头狮子，那人对狮子耳语了几句，狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。然后来了一只老虎，那人又对老虎耳语了几句，老虎看起来很震惊，急忙跑开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？”皇帝惊讶地说。“我告诉它们，把我作为晚餐吃掉后，它们必须要演讲一番。”林语堂的听众们顿时哄堂大笑。通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了对校长的不满。
幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具，马克·吐温和林语堂都明白这一点。林语堂甚至还创造了一个公式来解释他的理念：现实＋梦想＋幽默＝智慧。和其他人在一起生活和工作有时候并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以让这些事变得更简单。一起讲笑话、一起欢笑可以使不同的个体甚至是团体凝聚在一起。事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克·吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类头等的幸事。”
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Which novel of Mark Twain is mentioned in the passage？
A.The Million Pound Bank Note.
B.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
C.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
D.The Importance of Humour.
2.Where did the story of Mark Twain happen？
A.At a barber’s shop.
B.At a key university.
C.At a restaurant.
D.At a lecture hall.
3.What does the phrase “thinking on his feet” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Standing up to think for a while.
B.Working out a plan quickly.
C.Having quick ideas in an emergency.
D.Looking for a reason to leave.
4.What can be inferred about the president of the university？
A.Clever. B.Impolite.
C.Patient. D.Heart-warmed.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the second paragraph carefully and find the sentences which describe Mark Twain’s humour.
2.Read the fourth paragraph carefully and find the sentence that describes “happiness”.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Do you think of yourself as a humorous person？
2.How can you become more humorous？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.When Twain replied that he didn’t，the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no seats left in the theatre.
句式分析 本句为复合句，When Twain replied that he didn’t为 从句，that he didn’t为that引导的 从句；that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no seats left in the theatre为that引导的 从句，其中if he wanted to go to the event为if引导的 从句，as there were no seats left in the theatre为as引导的 从句。
自主翻译
2.Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter，but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world.
句式分析 本句为复合句，that humour isn’t just about laughter，but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world为that引导的 从句，that can be used to illuminate the world为that引导的 从句，修饰tool。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
combine vt.& vi.组合；（使）联合
【教材原句】 Closer to modern times， someone who is remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious messages is American writer， Mark Twain.
到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。
【用法】
（1）combine ...with/and ...把……和……结合起来
combine to do sth 联合起来做某事；联合起来促成某事
combine against 联合起来反对
（2）combination n. 联合；结合
in combination with 联合起来；在联合中
【佳句】 You’d better combine exercise with a healthy diet.Only when exercise is combined with a healthy diet can you keep really fit.
你最好把运动和健康饮食结合起来。只有运动与健康的饮食相结合，你才能保持真正的健康。（建议信）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Xu Beihong was important in modern Chinese art because he developed the tradition of combining poetry painting.
②Those small countries should combine the power of a larger one.
③The new product which will come out next month is a （combine） of traditional methods and artificial intelligence.
【写美】 微写作
④学会把你的知识与经验结合起来， 那么你一定会成功的。（建议信）
， and you are sure to succeed.
remark n.言论；意见，评论vt.评论，谈论
【教材原句】 But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with people.但是他日常与人交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。
【用法】
（1）make a remark/comment on 就……发表评论
（2）remark/comment on/upon 就……发表评论
remark that ... 评论说……；主张……
（3）remarkable adj. 卓越的，非凡的，显著的
【佳句】 The teacher made a remark on my essay，adding that it was well written，which made me very proud.
老师评论了我的文章并补充说写得很好，这让我很自豪。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He once remarked all happy families resemble one another，but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
②Molly is admired for her charming personality and （remark） ability.
③Miss Li remarked some students’ cheating in exams，whose words left a deep impression on us.
【写美】 补全句子
④When she has to ， she usually changes the topic.（remark n.）
当她不得不评论他人的时候，她通常会改变话题。
spot n.地点，处所；斑点；污迹vt.看见，注意到，发现
【教材原句】 Once， having been invited to dinner at a university， he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.
有一次，他被邀请去一个大学吃晚餐，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。
【用法】
（1）put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某人难堪，使某人为难
on the spot/scene 当下；在现场
（2）spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
（3）be spotted with 满是……斑点
【佳句】 These scenic spots are so well-known that they attract millions of tourists each year.
这些景点知名度如此高以至于每年吸引数以百万计的游客。
【点津】 spot作动词用时，其过去式和过去分词均为spotted。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①On the way， we spotted a man （hold） a piece of paper that said， “Lost my job.Family to Feed.”
②In addition， there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper the spot.
【写美】 补全句子
③He a bit because he invited me right in front of his mum and I didn’t particularly want to go.
他让我有点为难，因为他当着他妈妈的面邀请我，而我又不太想去。
tell off 斥责，责骂
【教材原句】 With this little joke， Lin was able to make people laugh， while gently telling off the president.
通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了对校长的不满。
【用法】
tell sb off for （doing） sth 因（做了）某事而斥责某人
tell sb/sth apart 区分开某人/物
tell sb/sth from sb/sth 把某人/物与某人/物区分开
tell the difference between ...and ... 区分……和……的不同
tell against sb 对某人不利
as far as I can tell 据我判断
【佳句】 I was so angry that I told the boys off for whispering there.
我那么生气，以至于把在那里窃窃私语的男孩子们训了一顿。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I could hardly tell the twins because their appearances are only slightly different.
②Don’t tell your co-workers， even if they are wrong.
③How can we tell the good the bad？
【写美】 补全句子
④We can’t ， which may be harmful to our studies and lives.
我们不能辨别真假，这可能对我们的学习和生活有害。
conclude v.结束，终止；推论，推断出
【教材原句】 A punch line concludes a joke and is intended to make people laugh.
一句妙语结束了一个笑话，目的是让人们笑。
【用法】
（1）conclude （...） with ... 以……结束（……）
conclude from ...that ... 从……中得出……
It is concluded that ... 结论是……
（2）conclusion n. 结论；推论；结尾，结束
in conclusion 最后，总之，综上所述
come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
jump/leap to conclusions 匆忙下结论
【佳句】 They concluded that the situation had become better than expected.
他们的结论是情况比预期的要好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The famous scientist concluded his speech some amusing remarks.
②John said he could conclude Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.
③Enough has been said about health.In （conclude）， we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health.
【写美】 补全句子
④They discussed the problem for a whole day， but they couldn’t .
他们就这个问题讨论了一整天，但没有得出结论。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：省略 to的动词不定式作表语
【教材原句】 All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.你只需要把错误的单词划掉就行。
【用法】
主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式可省略to。动词不定式作表语时省略to的常见情况如下：
（1）all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，常用省略to的动词不定式作表语；
（2）what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，常用省略to的动词不定式作表语；
（3）（主句）主语为the only， the first， the least或形容词最高级等或主语被这些词修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时，常用省略to的动词不定式作表语。
【品悟】 All you have to do is push the button and wait for a moment.
你所要做的就是按下这个按钮然后再等待一会儿。
【写美】 微写作
①每天早晨我所做的第一件事就是进行充分的体育锻炼。（书信）
②你所要做的就是把表格填完。（告知信）
③我们需要做的就是开心地过好每一天。（演讲稿）
④目前你唯一能做的事情是等待进一步的消息。（建议信）
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】 First came a lion.首先来了一头狮子。
【用法】
本句是完全倒装句。副词first放在句首时，后面把谓语came移到主语之前。
（1）为了保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，有时需要完全倒装。
（2）英语中，以below， here， there， in， out， up， down， away， back， now， then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常用完全倒装。
（3）表示方位的短语放在句首时，后面一般使用完全倒装。
（4）当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用完全倒装。
【品悟】 Here are my suggestions about how to improve your spoken English.下面是我关于怎样提高你的英语口语水平的建议。
【点津】 here， there等开头的句子中，当主语是代词时，不用倒装。
Here you are.给你。
【写美】 微写作
①这里有一个富有挑战性的学生，他以好成绩而闻名——与我完全相反。（概括描写）
who has a reputation for good grades — the exact opposite of me.
②我做了一点研究，这里有一些事实可能会有所帮助。（告知信）
I did a little research and that may be helpful.
③当他的妈妈走过来后，小男孩立刻爬了过来。（动作描写）
immediately when his mother came over.
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.the importance of humour 2.Mark Twain 3.Lin Yutang
4.What’s humour
第二步
1－4 CACB
第三步
1.That’s just my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow lectures！
2.Lin’s audience roared with laughter.
第四步
1.Yes.I’m funny and often mischievous.I am good at making people laugh.
2.Just as the equation Lin created， “Reality＋Dreams＋Humour＝Wisdom.” If a person wants to be humorous， he should understand reality， have dreams， and learn hard to be wise.
第五步
1.时间状语 宾语 宾语 条件状语 原因状语
当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里没有多余的座位了。
2.宾语 定语
幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具，马克·吐温和林语堂都明白这一点。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①with/and ②against ③combination
④Learn to combine your knowledge with/and experience
2.①that ②remarkable ③on/upon
④make a remark on others
3.①holding ②on ③put me on the spot
4.①apart ②off ③from
④tell the difference between the true and the false
5.①with ②from ③conclusion
④come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion
重点句型解构
1.①The first thing I do every morning is take plenty of exercise.
②What you have to do is fill in the form. ③All we need to do is live each day happily. ④For the moment the only thing you can do is wait for further news.
2.①Here is this challenging student ②here are some facts
③Up climbed the boy
10 / 10(共105张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Importance of Humour
Humour has been an essential① part of human behaviour for
thousands of years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece②，
and medieval③ writings are filled with④ jokes.[1]While these same
jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then， their
authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also⑤
throw new light on⑥ sensitive or emotive⑦ issues.
[1]本句为复合句。While引导让步状语从句。主句中含有that引
导的宾语从句，not only ...but also ...连接并列谓语。
【读文清障】
①essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
②Ancient Greece古希腊
③medieval adj.中世纪的，中古时期的
④be filled with充满，装满
⑤not only ...but also ...不仅……而且……
⑥throw light on使（某事）显得非常清楚；使人了解（某事）
⑦emotive adj.使情绪激动的
Closer to modern times， someone who is remembered for his
ability to combine⑧ humour with more serious messages⑨ is American
writer， Mark Twain.Twain’s particular style of writing⑩ is funny and
often mischievous .For example， in his classic novel The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer， he famously says， “Writing is easy.[2]All
you have to do is cross out the wrong words.” But he is equally well
known for his witty remarks in his everyday interactions with
people.For instance， while on a lecturing tour of the United
States， Twain went into a barber’s shop to get a haircut and a
shave.
The barber， not recognising him， asked if he had a ticket to the
lecture.When Twain replied that he didn’t， the barber told him that
if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand， as there
were no seats left in the theatre.Twain’s response was， “That’s just
my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow lectures！”
[2]All作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形
式时，作表语的不定式可以省略动词不定式符号to。
⑧combine v.使结合，使联合
combine ...with ...把……和……结合起来
⑨serious message严肃的内容
⑩particular style of writing特别的写作风格
mischievous adj.调皮的，淘气的
classic novel经典小说
cross out删除，删去（字句）
witty remark机智的言论
interaction n.交流
on a lecturing tour在巡回演讲
barber’s shop理发店
go to the event去参加活动
Like Twain， but on the other side of the world， Lin Yutang was
soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour.A well-
known bilingual writer ， Lin brought the concept of humour to
modern Chinese literature .In 1924， he creatively borrowed
“youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word
“humour”.“Youmo” is still being used in this way today.
Lin’s quick wit helped make him famous as a master of humour
.[3]Once， having been invited to dinner at a university， he was put
on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a
speech.Thinking on his feet ， Lin started to tell a story about a cruel
Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals.[4]First
came a lion.The man whispered something in the lion’s ear， after
which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily.Then along
came a tiger.Again， the man whispered in the tiger’s ear.The tiger
looked shocked and hurried away .“What did you say to my
animals？” said the emperor， astonished.“
I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for dinner.”
Lin’s audience roared with laughter.With this little joke， Lin was
able to make people laugh， while gently telling off the president.
[3]主句使用了被动语态，动词-ing短语having been invited to
dinner at a university作状语。由于invited这个动作发生在was put on
之前， 所以用完成式。when引导时间状语从句。
[4]本句是完全倒装句，副词First放在句首时，后面把谓语came
移到主语之前。
brand n.品牌，牌子
brand of ……风格
brand of humour某种类型的幽默
bilingual writer双语作家
concept n.概念，观念
modern Chinese literature中国现代文学
quick wit机智敏捷
master of humour幽默大师
spot n.地点，处所
put sb on the spot（故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某人难堪
think on one’s feet急中生智；头脑反应很快
cruel adj.残忍的
cruelty n.残忍， 残酷；无情
Roman emperor罗马皇帝
whisper v.悄声说，低语
hurry away匆匆离去
roar v.哄笑，大笑
roar with laughter哄堂大笑
tell off斥责，责骂
Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about
laughter， but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate
the world.Lin even created an equation to explain this concept：
Reality＋Dreams＋Humour＝Wisdom.Living and working with
others can sometimes be complicated ， and humour makes this
easier.Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and
even communities together .Indeed， some may argue that our need
for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.In the
words of Mark Twain， “humour is mankind’s greatest blessing ”.
illuminate v.照亮，照明
equation n.等式，方程式
complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的
bring ...together把……聚集在一起
blessing n.恩赐；祝福；好事
【参考译文】
幽默的重要性
数千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字
记载中有喜剧，笑话也常常出现在中世纪的作品当中。虽然对现在的
我们来说，那些笑话可能没有它们在中世纪的时候那么有趣，但它们
的作者明白，幽默不只是一种娱乐的方式，它还可以使人们对敏感问
题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。
到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃
的内容而著称。他独特的写作风格幽默风趣，而且常常带有调侃意
味。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》中有一句名言：“写
作很容易，你只需要把错误的单词划掉就行。”但是他日常与人交流
中的诙谐言论同样出名。比如，有一次在美国做巡回演讲的时候，马
克·吐温走进一家理发店去理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他，问他有
没有这场演讲的门票。当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，
如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里没有多余的座位了。马
克·吐温回答说：“真倒霉。只要那个家伙演讲，我总是要站着！”
和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，林语堂很快也因其独特
的幽默风格而出名。作为著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念
引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古汉语中的“幽
默”作为英文单词“humour”的翻译。今天，“幽默”一词仍在以这
种方式被人们使用。
林语堂的机智使他成为了著名的幽默大师。有一次，他被邀请去
一个大学吃晚餐，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。林语堂
急中生智，开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝要把一个人喂给野兽的故
事。首先来了一头狮子，那人对狮子耳语了几句，狮子摇摇头，不高
兴地走开了。然后来了一只老虎，那人又对老虎耳语了几句，老虎看
起来很震惊，急忙跑开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？”皇帝惊讶地
说。“我告诉它们，把我作为晚餐吃掉后，它们必须要演讲一番。”林
语堂的听众们顿时哄堂大笑。通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈
哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了对校长的不满。
幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐
明世界的工具，马克·吐温和林语堂都明白这一点。林语堂甚至还创
造了一个公式来解释他的理念：现实＋梦想＋幽默＝智慧。和其他人
在一起生活和工作有时候并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以让这些事
变得更简单。一起讲笑话、一起欢笑可以使不同的个体甚至是团体凝
聚在一起。事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们
对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克·吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类头
等的幸
事。”
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. Which novel of Mark Twain is mentioned in the passage？
A. The Million Pound Bank Note.
B. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
C. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
D. The Importance of Humour.
2. Where did the story of Mark Twain happen？
A. At a barber’s shop.
B. At a key university.
C. At a restaurant.
D. At a lecture hall.
3. What does the phrase “thinking on his feet” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A. Standing up to think for a while.
B. Working out a plan quickly.
C. Having quick ideas in an emergency.
D. Looking for a reason to leave.
4. What can be inferred about the president of the university？
A. Clever. B. Impolite.
C. Patient. D. Heart-warmed.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the second paragraph carefully and find the sentences which
describe Mark Twain’s humour.
2. Read the fourth paragraph carefully and find the sentence that
describes “happiness”.
That’s just my luck.I always have to stand when that fellow
lectures！
Lin’s audience roared with laughter.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Do you think of yourself as a humorous person？
2. How can you become more humorous？
Yes.I’m funny and often mischievous.I am good at making people
laugh.
Just as the equation Lin created， “Reality＋Dreams＋Humour
＝Wisdom.” If a person wants to be humorous， he should
understand reality， have dreams， and learn hard to be wise.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. When Twain replied that he didn’t，the barber told him that if he
wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no
seats left in the theatre.
句式分析 本句为复合句，When Twain replied that he didn’t为
从句，that he didn’t为that引导的 从句；that if
he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were
no seats left in the theatre为that引导的 从句，其中if he
wanted to go to the event为if引导的 从句，as there
were no seats left in the theatre为as引导的 从句。
自主翻译
时
间状语
宾语
宾语
条件状语
原因状语
当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想
去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里没有多余的座位了。
2. Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about
laughter，but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to
illuminate the world.
句式分析 本句为复合句，that humour isn’t just about laughter，
but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the
world为that引导的 从句，that can be used to illuminate
the world为that引导的 从句，修饰tool。
自主翻译
宾语
定语
幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种
可以用来阐明世界的工具，马克·吐温和林语堂都明白这一点。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
combine vt.& vi.组合；（使）联合
【教材原句】 Closer to modern times， someone who is
remembered for his ability to combine humour with more serious
messages is American writer， Mark Twain.
到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内
容而著称。
【用法】
（1）combine ...with/and ...把……和……结合起来
combine to do sth 联合起来做某事；联合起来促成某事
combine against 联合起来反对
（2）combination n. 联合；结合
in combination with 联合起来；在联合中
【佳句】 You’d better combine exercise with a healthy diet.Only
when exercise is combined with a healthy diet can you keep really fit.
你最好把运动和健康饮食结合起来。只有运动与健康的饮食相结合，
你才能保持真正的健康。（建议信）
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Xu Beihong was important in modern Chinese art because he
developed the tradition of combining poetry painting.
②Those small countries should combine the power of a
larger one.
with/and
against
③The new product which will come out next month is
a （combine） of traditional methods and artificial
intelligence.
【写美】 微写作
④学会把你的知识与经验结合起来， 那么你一定会成功的。（建
议信）
， and you
are sure to succeed.
combination
Learn to combine your knowledge with/and experience
remark n.言论；意见，评论vt.评论，谈论
【教材原句】 But he is equally well known for his witty remarks in
his everyday interactions with people.
但是他日常与人交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。
【用法】
（1）make a remark/comment on 就……发表评论
（2）remark/comment on/upon 就……发表评论
remark that ... 评论说……；主张……
（3）remarkable adj. 卓越的，非凡的，显著的
【佳句】 The teacher made a remark on my essay，adding that it
was well written，which made me very proud.
老师评论了我的文章并补充说写得很好，这让我很自豪。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①He once remarked all happy families resemble one
another，but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
②Molly is admired for her charming personality and
（remark） ability.
③Miss Li remarked some students’ cheating in exams，
whose words left a deep impression on us.
that
remarkable
on/upon
【写美】 补全句子
④When she has to ， she usually
changes the topic.（remark n.）
当她不得不评论他人的时候，她通常会改变话题。
make a remark on others
spot n.地点，处所；斑点；污迹vt.看见，注意到，发现
【教材原句】 Once， having been invited to dinner at a
university， he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked
him to give a speech.有一次，他被邀请去一个大学吃晚餐，当校长突
然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。
（1）put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某
人难堪，使某人为难
on the spot/scene 当下；在现场
（2）spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事
（3）be spotted with 满是……斑点
【用法】
【佳句】 These scenic spots are so well-known that they attract
millions of tourists each year.这些景点知名度如此高以至于每年吸引
数以百万计的游客。
【点津】 spot作动词用时，其过去式和过去分词均为spotted。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①On the way， we spotted a man （hold） a piece of
paper that said， “Lost my job.Family to Feed.”
②In addition， there are famous artists who will perform how to cut
paper the spot.
holding
on
【写美】 补全句子
③He a bit because he invited me right in front
of his mum and I didn’t particularly want to go.
他让我有点为难，因为他当着他妈妈的面邀请我，而我又不太想去。
put me on the spot
tell off 斥责，责骂
【教材原句】 With this little joke， Lin was able to make people
laugh， while gently telling off the president.
通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了
对校长的不满。
tell sb off for （doing） sth 因（做了）某事而斥责某人
tell sb/sth apart 区分开某人/物
tell sb/sth from sb/sth 把某人/物与某人/物区分开
tell the difference between ...and ... 区分……和……的不同
tell against sb 对某人不利
as far as I can tell 据我判断
【用法】
【佳句】 I was so angry that I told the boys off for whispering there.
我那么生气，以至于把在那里窃窃私语的男孩子们训了一顿。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I could hardly tell the twins because their appearances
are only slightly different.
②Don’t tell your co-workers， even if they are wrong.
③How can we tell the good the bad？
apart
off
from
【写美】 补全句子
④We can’t ，
which may be harmful to our studies and lives.
我们不能辨别真假，这可能对我们的学习和生活有害。
tell the difference between the true and the false
conclude v.结束，终止；推论，推断出
【教材原句】 A punch line concludes a joke and is intended to make
people laugh.
一句妙语结束了一个笑话，目的是让人们笑。
（1）conclude （...） with ... 以……结束（……）
conclude from ...that ... 从……中得出……
It is concluded that ... 结论是……
（2）conclusion n. 结论；推论；结尾，结束
in conclusion 最后，总之，综上所述
come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
jump/leap to conclusions 匆忙下结论
【用法】
【佳句】 They concluded that the situation had become better than
expected.
他们的结论是情况比预期的要好。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The famous scientist concluded his speech some amusing
remarks.
②John said he could conclude Jane’s expression that Jane
had stolen his money.
with
from
③Enough has been said about health.In
（conclude）， we should be aware that nothing is more valuable
than health.
【写美】 补全句子
④They discussed the problem for a whole day， but they
couldn’t .
他们就这个问题讨论了一整天，但没有得出结论。
conclusion
come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：省略 to的动词不定式作表语
【教材原句】 All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.你只
需要把错误的单词划掉就行。
主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的动词不定式可省
略to。动词不定式作表语时省略to的常见情况如下：
（1）all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式
时，常用省略to的动词不定式作表语；
（2）what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式
时，常用省略to的动词不定式作表语；
（3）（主句）主语为the only， the first， the least或形容词最高级
等或主语被这些词修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动
词do的某种形式时，常用省略to的动词不定式作表语。
【用法】
【品悟】 All you have to do is push the button and wait for a
moment.
你所要做的就是按下这个按钮然后再等待一会儿。
【写美】 微写作
①每天早晨我所做的第一件事就是进行充分的体育锻炼。（书信）
②你所要做的就是把表格填完。（告知信）
③我们需要做的就是开心地过好每一天。（演讲稿）
④目前你唯一能做的事情是等待进一步的消息。（建议信）
The first thing I do every morning is take plenty of exercise.
What you have to do is fill in the form.
All we need to do is live each day happily.
For the moment the only thing you can do is wait for further
news.
句型公式：完全倒装句
【教材原句】 First came a lion.首先来了一头狮子。
【用法】
本句是完全倒装句。副词first放在句首时，后面把谓语came移到主
语之前。
（1）为了保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接
时，有时需要完全倒装。
（2）英语中，以below， here， there， in， out， up， down，
away， back， now， then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常
用完全倒装。
（3）表示方位的短语放在句首时，后面一般使用完全倒装。
（4）当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用完全倒
装。
【品悟】 Here are my suggestions about how to improve your
spoken English.下面是我关于怎样提高你的英语口语水平的建议。
【点津】 here， there等开头的句子中，当主语是代词时，不用
倒装。
Here you are.给你。
【写美】 微写作
①这里有一个富有挑战性的学生，他以好成绩而闻名——与我完全相
反。（概括描写）
who has a reputation for good
grades — the exact opposite of me.
②我做了一点研究，这里有一些事实可能会有所帮助。（告知信）
I did a little research and that may be helpful.
③当他的妈妈走过来后，小男孩立刻爬了过来。（动作描写）
immediately when his mother came over.
Here is this challenging student
here are some facts
Up climbed the boy
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. I think it’s （残忍的） to keep dogs locked up inside all
day.
2. The （男人） felt rather out of place as he was the only
person that wore sportswear at the party.
3. It is important for you to understand these basic
mathematical （概念）.
cruel
fellow
concepts
4. After all things had been discussed， the meeting
was （结束） with the applause.
5. Informal （交流） among employees is seen as part
of the ongoing training process.
6. He touched me with his fingers， （低声地说） to
me in my ear， “The teacher is coming.”
7. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel （评论）
too， but I dislike seeing our team lose.
concluded
interaction
whispering
remarks
8. He is concerned about his skin because it has started to become very
oily， with lots of red s .
9. When the middle-aged man was visiting his girlfriend， he was
demanded to s his beard.
10. You may imagine what great difficulty I had expressing
c ideas in simple English.
pots
have
omplicated
维度二：词形转换
1. The new teacher made an （impress） on the
students by his rich knowledge and humorous talk.
2. As long as you work hard， you’ll see a slow but
（remark） improvement in your classroom performance during
the next term.
3. At the end of the class， the students drew a
（conclude） that interest is the best teacher.
impression
remarkable
conclusion
4. Every （interact） between keepers and their
animals creates some sort of connections.
5. We had to walk quietly， talking in （whisper），
and dared not even take a peep inside.
6. Humour could not only entertain but throw new light on sensitive
or （emotion） issues.
7. The beatings and the （cruel） of the guards had a deep
effect on Elias.
interaction
whispers
emotive
cruelty
8. The book deserves （reread） because it
is so interesting and informative.
9. The travellers finally spotted smoke （come） out of
the houses in the distance.
10. In the early 1900s， （compose） who worked in
the Romantic style were the most popular in Austria-Hungary.
rereading/to be reread
coming
composers
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. In the end， the woman lost her temper and
（斥责她的儿子） for his bad action.
2. On the top of the mountain （矗立着一座
古庙） dating back to the Tang Dynasty.
3. He （删掉） the unnecessary words in his essay to
make it shorter.
4. This is a very demanding job and you have to
（反应迅速）.
told her son off
stands an old temple
crossed out
think on your feet
5. （使她高兴的事） was that she won
first prize in such an important match.
6. The man stopped in a village after a long journey，
（又累又饿）.
7. （分享笑话） can make people present feel
relaxed.
8. Humour is thought to be a tool
（使我们有一个好心情）.
What made her happy
tired and
hungry
Sharing jokes
which/that can make us have a
good mood
9. He became famous in the 1990s，
（在那时体育运动越来越流行）.
10. The Americans and the British
（不但说相同的语言）， but （also） share a large
number of social customs.
when the popularity of sports
was on the increase
not only speak the same
language
维度四：课文语法填空
Humour 1. （be） an essential part of human
behaviour for thousands of years.It could not only entertain but also
throw new light 2. sensitive or emotive issues.Closer to modern
times， someone who 3. （remember） for his
ability to combine humour with more serious messages is Mark
Twain.But on 4. other side of the world， Lin Yutang’s quick
wit helped make him famous 5. a master of humour.Both Twain
and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter， but is a
way of life and a tool
has been
on
is remembered
the
as
6. can be used 7. （illuminate） the
world.8. （live） and working with others can sometimes
be complicated， 9. humour makes this easier.Indeed， some
may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for
water and air.In the words of Mark Twain， “Humour is mankind’s
greatest 10. （bless）”.
that
to illuminate
Living
and
blessing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Telling jokes requires intelligence， creativity， imagination and
the ability to tell a story， while listening to jokes is more passive
behaviour but one that demands attention， intelligence and being in
the right mood in order to enjoy jokes.Besides， there are also clear
similarities between joke tellers and appreciators.A new study takes
this further and tries to find other connections between creating
humour and appreciating humour.
The author carried on the cartoon caption （字幕） task.159
participants were shown more than 30 cartoons without captions and
were asked to come up with a funny caption for each one of
them.Later， independent judges classified those captions based on
how funny they were.
The results showed that those who produced the funniest captions
also produced more captions overall.What was more interesting was
that creating funny captions was negatively related to appreciation of
humour.In other words， funny people tend to find jokes less funny
than other people do.It is not clear why this is the case， but it might
be because creators of great humour have higher standards of humour
creativity and expect higher levels of creativity from people who tell
jokes， compared to those who are not so good at creating humour.
Moreover， outgoing people and those who are open to new
experiences found the cartoons funnier， but surprisingly， outgoing
people are less likely to be funny.This is consistent with my own
research that comedians were more introverted than the general
population.They usually don’t like to express themselves in social
situations.
Appreciation and production of humour are two different
cognitive （认知的） tasks， each with unique characteristics.This is
why when someone tells you he or she has a great sense of humour，
you may ask， “Are you good at telling jokes or do you tend to laugh
more？”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了讲笑话的人和欣赏
笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智，一项新的研究对此进行了进一步
研究，并试图找到创造幽默和欣赏幽默之间的其他联系。文章解释
了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了讲笑话的人和欣赏
笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智，一项新的研究对此进行了进一步
研究，并试图找到创造幽默和欣赏幽默之间的其他联系。文章解释
了研究开展的过程以及研究的发现。
1. What qualities do joke tellers and appreciators have in common？
A. Attention. B. Creativity.
C. Imagination. D. Intelligence.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，讲笑话的人和欣
赏笑话的人的共同之处是聪明才智。
2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The results of the study.
B. The process of the study.
C. The judgement of the study.
D. The importance of the study.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了
研究的过程。
3. According to the text， outgoing people .
A. are good at appreciating humour
B. are more likely to be comedians
C. are more likely to be funny
D. are unwilling to express themselves in social situations
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可推知，外向的人善于
欣赏幽默。
4. What does the underlined word “introverted” in Paragraph 4
mean？
A. Being very successful.
B. Being easy to talk to.
C. Being quiet and shy.
D. Being kind to others.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句可知，喜剧演员通常
不喜欢在社交场合表达自己，说明他们比较安静和害羞。故画线词
意为“安静，害羞”。
B
The idea that you can use humour， laughter， and play to make
you healthier probably seems too simple to be true.However， it is
really true and simple.Humour， laughter and play have an important
part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humour， which is closely tied to
laughter.Laughter is infectious.Have you ever heard a big laugh of a
young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling？When
laughter is shared between people， it makes them closer to each other
and increases their happiness.Smiling is the beginning of laughter and
a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is.You can experience
something by smiling at everyone around you， and you will feel
happier just by sharing a smile， even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy.We
are often encouraged to make sure our children play， and are told
the benefits of being out playing.However， what we often forget is
that it is just as important for old people to make play part of their life
as it’s for children.Physical play is important for the old and it
certainly helps prevent illness.While the studies are still in the early
stages， the studies that have been done have shown that physical play
certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive （认知的） decline.
Anyway， adding humour， laughter， and play to our life will
influence us mentally， physically and socially and bring us many
advantages.So we should make full use of humour， laughter and play
to make our life more active， interesting and happier.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。幽默、笑和玩耍有益于身心健康，
作者就它们对身心的影响进行了阐述。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。幽默、笑和玩耍有益于身心健康，
作者就它们对身心的影响进行了阐述。
5. What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2
probably mean？
A. Playing an important role.
B. Keeping people in high spirits.
C. Spreading quickly among people.
D. Preventing illness from spreading.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的Have you ever
heard ... smiling？可知，此处指“你曾听到一个小孩子大笑后能忍
住不笑吗？”，由此可推断出，infectious的意思是“有感染力的”。
6. What can laughter improve according to the author？
A. Cognitive abilities.
B. Personal relationships.
C. A sense of humour.
D. Responsibility and trust.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的When laughter is shared ...
happiness.可知，当笑声传递开来，它会让人们彼此间的关系更加
密切，会增加快乐，即会使人与人之间的关系更加友好。
7. What does the author think the old should do？
A. They should have a good rest.
B. They should play like children.
C. They should prevent cognitive decline.
D. They should take part in physical play.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的However， what we often
forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play part
of their life as ... illness.可知， 我们经常忘记玩耍对老年人和孩子同
样重要，它可以帮助预防疾病，因此作者认为老年人应该玩耍。
8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A. Humour， Laughter and Play for Health
B. Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C. Have an Active and Happy Life
D. Let Our Body and Mind Relax
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章就幽默、笑和玩耍对
身心的影响进行阐述，说明了幽默、笑和玩耍有益于健康这一主
题。因此，A项为本文最佳标题。
C
What makes a sense of humour is a difficult thing to tell.Different
people find different things funny， and what may seem hilarious to
some might be highly rude to others.However， having a good sense of
humour is important for reducing stress and getting along with
others.Therefore， it’s important to think about ways to improve your
sense of humour.
Look for the funny side of situations.While it can be difficult at
times to find the funny side in unfortunate events when you’re having
a bad day， try to think about how the situation might look like to
other people， and attempt not to get too angry.Laughing over minor
accidents， trips and falls will help you in preventing the loss of
temper that you will regret later.
Learn some basic jokes.Some people find it hard to remember
jokes， and feel left out when others are telling them.It’s worth trying
to learn a few jokes that you can pull out of the bag when you need
to， or regularly think about how you can turn a funny situation that
occurs in daily life into an entertaining anecdote （趣闻） for later.
Look at jokes or funny cards.There are many different kinds of
funny cards available， which can be a great inspiration for finding
ways to improve your sense of humour.Giving an appropriate funny
card to friends and family on the right occasion will show that you
have a good sense of humour and are thinking about them.
Learn from friends.Look at friends that you think have a great
sense of humour.How do they deal with situations， and what kind of
jokes do they make？ Is there anything you can take away from their
actions？
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提升幽默感的几个方
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提升幽默感的几个方法。
9. What does the underlined word “hilarious” in the first paragraph
probably mean？
A. Extremely funny. B. Quite harmful.
C. Greatly meaningful. D. Quite useful.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的Different people find
different things funny及后面的might be highly rude to others可推
测，画线词意思应与rude形成对比。结合选项可知，A项与画线词
意思相近。
10. How can you be humorous in tough times？
A. By looking for the funny side of situations.
B. By laughing over any accident.
C. By turning a funny situation into a joke.
D. By struggling not to lose your temper.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Look for the funny ...get
too angry.可知，在困难的时候要学会寻找事情有趣的一方面，这
样就能够保持幽默。
11. What should people do for learning some basic jokes？
A. Be active and learn from friends.
B. Be creative and get well prepared.
C. Be patient and listen to others carefully.
D. Be confident and have a good memory.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的It’s worth
trying ...anecdote （趣闻） for later.可知，为了学习一些基本的笑
话，我们应当变得富有创造力，将生活中一些有趣的场景改编成
趣闻轶事，并且也可以提前学习一些笑话，即有所准备。换句话
说是：要有创造力，做好充分准备。
12. What would be the best title of the passage？
A. What Makes a Sense of Humour
B. How to Improve Your Sense of Humour
C. What’s Your Humour Style
D. Benefits of Humour
解析： 标题归纳题。文章第一段指出想办法提高幽默感很重
要，下文段落讲述了提升幽默感的几个方法。由此可知，本文主
要介绍的是如何提升你的幽默感，B项为本文最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How would you feel if a colleague suggested you take a comedy
class to improve your sense of humour.I felt stressed. 13 Yet
according to Jennifer Aaker and Naomi Bagdonas， humour is not
something you are born with or without. 14 What’s more， finding
our funny sides strengthens relationships， unlocks creativity， and
makes us more likable.It helps in any life situation. 15
I turned to Aaker and Bagdonas and they agreed to teach me how
to find my funny bones.In our first call， we discuss the common
misunderstandings that stop many of us in our comedy tracks.The
first， Aaker says， is the belief that humour has no place in certain
situations， especially at work. 16 But 98％ of the bosses say they
prefer employees with a sense of humour and believe they do better
work.
They believe the power of humour that they also improve the
ability to help people avoid difficult situations. 17 Research shows
that people who watch a funny video before trying to solve a puzzle are
twice as likely to be successful.
A. Rather， it can be developed gradually.
B. We worry that humour is not welcomed in the office.
C. Humour has been proved to increase creativity.
D. Some people just aren’t funny and I’m one of them.
E. Therefore， people eagerly sign up for the humour course.
F. Every joke follows the fundamental structure of setup and punch
line.
G. If you feel uncomfortable making the jokes， leave them to
someone else.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处。
13. D 空前一句指出作者感觉压力很大，空处应解释作者为什么压
力大，D项承接上文，符合语境。
14. A 空前一句指出幽默不是与生俱来的，空处应说明幽默可以后天
形成，A项符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默的好处。
15. E 空前一句介绍了幽默的好处，因为幽默有这么多好处，所
以人们才愿意报名参加一些幽默课程，E项和上文构成因果关系，
符合语境。
16. B 根据空后一句可知，实际上老板们更喜欢有幽默感的员工，
But表明此处与下文是转折关系，应说明人们认为幽默在工作中不受
欢迎的错误观点，B项符合语境。
17. C 空后一句指出幽默能提高人们的创造力，使人们更有可能获
取成功。C项对下文进行总结，指出幽默的好处，C项中的proved和
下文Research shows相呼应。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
罗文·艾金森（Rowan Atkinson）是著名的喜剧大师，在英国和
其他国家都拥有众多的粉丝。请根据下表提供的信息，写一篇80词左
右的英语短文，介绍一下罗文·艾金森。
人物 罗文·艾金森，英国著名喜剧演员，1955年1月6日出生于英格
兰，毕业于牛津大学
荧幕
形象 所扮演的憨豆先生风靡世界；他的荧幕形象有点傻，但是他
通过这个角色告诉人们对生活要乐观
表演
方式 通过丰富的肢体动作来展示自己的幽默，使人发笑
评价 出色的演技为他赢得了许多奖项，被誉为继卓别林之后的又
一位喜剧大师
参考词汇：喜剧演员 comedian； 牛津大学 Oxford University
参考范文：
Rowan Atkinson is a famous British comedy actor.He was born in
England on 6 January 1955 and graduated from Oxford University.He
won many fans both in England and many other countries.
Mr Bean he played on the screen is popular all over the world.The
characters are a bit silly， but through these roles， he tells people to
be optimistic about life.He shows his humour through rich body
movements， which makes people laugh.
Having excellent acting skills， he won many awards and was
hailed as one of the greatest comedians after Chaplin.
谢谢观看！
