Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Addicted to computer games， David can’t help （spend） much time on playing them.
2.Some students find it very difficult （speak） English fluently.
3.He regretted （miss） his daughter’s school play， as it was a special moment he couldn’t get back.
4.He attempted （persuade） his father to allow him to do what he liked but failed.
5.While many young kids are keen on （watch） cartoons， little Jack prefers （collect） coins.
6.Both mental and physical health of children deserves （pay） attention to.
7.As a result of the serious flood， two thirds of the buildings in the area need （repair）.
8.In England Marx went on English.After mastering English， he went on Russian.（study）
9.My grandfather always forgets the keys but he always says that he remembers them.（take）
10.I find it a waste of time （try） to persuade him to give up the idea.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.Mary ， which made her quite upset.
玛丽未能赢得100米赛跑，这让她很伤心。
2. a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
我打算参加一个龙舟训练营。
3.When you get into trouble， don’t hesitate .
当你陷入困境时，立即向我求助。
4.Can you tell me ？
你可以告诉我怎么去车站吗？
5.Do you feel like or would you rather have dinner at home？
你想出去吃饭还是宁愿在家吃饭？
6.I regret that you are not qualified for this position.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你不适合这个职位。
7.He found the work in such a short time.
他发现在如此短的时间内完成工作是不可能的。
8.We the task assigned by the teacher.
我们费了好大力气才完成老师布置的任务。
9.That’s all right.I just want
那没关系。我只是想问一下你们是否冲洗照片。
10.He has devoted all his life to
.
他毕生精力都致力于做农业方面的科学研究。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给动词的适当形式完成下面短文
I used 1. （like） to go to our local cinema.It was old and rather uncomfortable， but it was special.Now they’ve stopped 2. （show） films there.The owner would like to go on 3. （run） the cinema， but he can’t afford 4. （make） a lot of improvements， which would mean 5. （spend） tens of thousands of pounds.I still remember 6. （watch） the last film at the cinema.It was a murder mystery.It was five minutes before the end， and we were trying 7. （work） out who was the murderer when suddenly all the lights went out and the film stopped.We sat in the dark for a few minutes， and then the owner appeared with a torch.“I regret 8. （tell） you”， he said，“that our electricity has failed.I don’t mean 9. （disappoint） you， but I’m afraid we can’t show you the end of the film.We’ve tried 10. （phone） the electricity company， but they say they can’t help.” He went on 11. （explain） to the audience how the film ended.I didn’t understand the story.But I don’t regret 12. （go） to the cinema on that last evening.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A PhD student in Michigan defended her paper while wearing a skirt made of rejection letters she received while studying.29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships， academic journals， and conferences — then folded each one into a fan.She connected them in rows， and in the end she made a skirt out of these “fans” and wore it.
She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize （使正常化） rejection and take pride in overcoming it.“The whole process of rereading those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply for a lot of things to succeed，” she said.“A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way.”
Caitlin’s adviser， Julie Libarkin， a professor of earth and environmental science at Michigan State University， also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students.Libarkin believes it’s important for students to get into a habit of applying for things， and to get used to the feeling of rejection， so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way.If a student doesn’t get a grant or a spot in an academic journal， that’s okay.They’ll still have learned something in the process.
As for Caitlin， the rejections she received over the years have led to great things：Since her doctorate， she’s won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture in Germany.
Currently， she’s a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.As for what the future holds？“I’m prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way，” she joked heartily.“Maybe I’ll make a longer skirt.”
1.What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby’s rejection letters？
A.She received 17 rejections in total.
B.29 of her rejections were from journals.
C.The rejections were connected into a fan.
D.She made some rejection letters into a skirt.
2.What is Julie Libarkin’s attitude towards Caitlin’s action？
A.Favourable. B.Ambiguous.
C.Skeptical. D.Opposed.
3.Which of the following can best describe Caitlin Kirby？
A.Creative and considerate.
B.Caring and determined.
C.Optimistic and humorous.
D.Generous and intelligent.
4.Which of the following may Caitlin Kirby agree with？
A.Hard work pays off.
B.Education is the entrance to success.
C.Self-respect earns more respect.
D.One needs to normalize failures.
B
We have often heard that “work smart and not hard”.Does only smart work bring you success？And if so， then why are so many of us still busy putting our blood and sweat into working hard？ Here， we’ll discuss hard work and smart work.
Hard work is all about consistently working towards a particular goal irrespective （不考虑的） of its worth， not being worried about the result and not using any means to reduce your effort.Hard work requires a lot of commitment （投入） and sincerity from the person.Although being boring and tiresome， it can give you the best results if it is done with heart and soul.
One of the preconditions of smart work is having in-depth knowledge or experience of the work in hand， because that allows you to look for efficient ways to do the work in a planned time.Being a smart worker saves a lot of time as you can find means to reduce your work by using logical and innovative ways to achieve your goals.Besides， it also gives you enough time to learn a new task while completing the present one.
Although it seems that smart work is a better option， what we forget is that smart work is the fruit of hard work.Only when you work hard can you gather the expertise （专门技能） and the knowledge to understand the work in hand and efficiently improve on it and work smartly.
You will attain great heights and lead a better and comfortable life if you combine both smart and hard work together.If you are not smart， your hard work will never pay.A donkey only does hard work， while a horse does hard work and uses its smartness whenever and wherever it needs.In a similar way， smart work is the result of hard work.To master the quality of smart work， you really need to work hard.Through hard work， we gain experience which helps us discover new things that may make us work smartly.The effort is important，but where to make that effort makes a difference.
5.What can we learn about hard workers from Paragraph 2？
A.They lack proper work skills.
B.They always have great patience.
C.They tend to ignore the goal of work.
D.They can obtain excellent results from their work if they work with heart and soul.
6.How can smart workers save a lot of time？
A.By making a sensible plan.
B.By making use of innovative ways.
C.By learning experience from others.
D.By getting inspiration from a new task.
7.What does the author think of hard work？
A.It is inspiring. B.It is ineffective.
C.It is challenging. D.It is fundamental.
8.What does the example of donkey in Paragraph 5 intend to show？
A.It is useless to work hard.
B.It is necessary to work smartly.
C.The efforts you make matter most.
D.The horse is cleverer than the donkey.
C
“A positive attitude can be a gift to those around you，” said Jamie Long， a clinical psychologist in Fort Lauderdale， Florida.“But it shouldn’t take the place of listening thoughtfully to others’ experiences.”
“When you choose to look at situations from one positive angle， you are very likely to dismiss a true experience，” Long explained.“Even if you try to cheer up someone， ignoring someone’s difficult experiences can leave them feeling they should hide negative feelings in the future.”
As examples of “positive” responses that might destroy a friend’s ability to share their feelings， Long listed：“Look for the silver lining” and “it could be worse”.Instead of trying to find a positive angle， Long suggested using accepting phrases that communicate a willingness to listen， and to share life’s difficult moments with the people you care about.
Still， the positive benefits of negative emotions may be best experienced in relatively small doses （剂量）.Lomas Quintero highlighted that appreciating the value of difficult feelings is all about finding balance.“Any negative emotion can go too far or turn into a clinical issue，” he said.
Long agreed.“There is an abundance of research that really touts （吹捧） the benefits of positivity， and we’re not denying that，” Long said.“When you do so to an extreme， when you dismiss truth， that’s where problems arise.”
9.What does Jamie Long advocate？
A.Taking a positive attitude to those around you.
B.Listening thoughtfully to others’ experiences.
C.Choosing to look at situations from a positive angle.
D.Ignoring someone’s difficult experiences to cheer up.
10.Why does the author mention “Look for the silver lining” in Paragraph 3？
A.To explain a rule.
B.To clarify a concept.
C.To give an example.
D.To make a comparison.
11.What is the author’s attitude to the benefits of negative emotions？
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
12.What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about？
A.The benefits of positive emotions.
B.Clinical issues caused by negativity.
C.Experiencing some difficult feelings.
D.Balancing positivity against negativity.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Paen Long has had a dream ever since he saw a plane for the first time at the age of six.His dream was to 13 a plane.Last year，the 30-year-old man started building his plane 14 .“I was afraid that people would 15 me，so sometimes I worked at night，” he said.It was a long time 16 he put his dream into practice.Paen Long tried to build his own plane，using the money he had 17 from running his own garage.He has spent three years watching YouTube videos in order to 18 how to make a plane.
It took him a year to build his plane，using mostly recycled materials.The plane’s first 19 came at 3 pm on 8 March.Local villagers gathered excitedly to watch the plane fly. 20 ，the plane only got 50m in the air before crashing （撞击） to the ground.“When all people were looking at me，I felt very 21 ，” he said.
Although the first try 22 ， Paen Long remains 23 .His next project is to build a seaplane.Paen Long thinks the plane will cost over $10，000.“I never feel 24 for spending all my money building a plane，” he said.
His wife，Hing Muoyheng，worries about him，especially as they have two young sons.However，she has no 25 .“I don’t know how planes work and he doesn’t have any 26 to help him.He can only search for information himself，” she said.“I tried to ask him to stop a few times because I was afraid，but he said he wouldn’t 27 ， so I have to support his dream.”
13.A.repair B.make
C.draw D.buy
14.A.carefully B.impatiently
C.secretly D.suddenly
15.A.make use of B.make fun of
C.get tired of D.turn to
16.A.before B.until
C.when D.since
17.A.expected B.saved
C.stolen D.borrowed
18.A.answer B.learn
C.control D.guess
19.A.design B.flight
C.interview D.meeting
20.A.Therefore B.Besides
C.However D.Otherwise
21.A.angry B.excited
C.proud D.embarrassed
22.A.appeared B.continued
C.changed D.failed
23.A.determined B.kind
C.nervous D.upset
24.A.serious B.sorry
C.hungry D.grateful
25.A.chance B.aim
C.choice D.reason
26.A.experts B.classmates
C.volunteers D.workers
27.A.give up B.give in
C.give away D.give out
Ⅲ.语法填空
In my opinion， we should try our best 28 （realize） our goals even though there is little hope.The 29 （effort） seem to be the lights in the darkness， leading the way to hope and success.
I used to be 30 shy girl in primary school.I was weak in English at that time， especially in 31 （speak） English.So I was afraid to answer the teacher’s questions during English classes.After I entered my dream middle school， something 32 （change）.I started to read many 33 （interest） English stories and my English teacher was patient to help me a lot.I studied hard in class and practiced by watching English films and listening 34 English songs in my free time.Little by little， I found 35 more and more interesting to learn English.I could even talk with my classmates 36 （fluent） in English and I was not shy any more.At last， I got high grades in English and I had 37 （confident） to do it better in the future.
28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36.
37.
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.spending 2.to speak 3.missing/having missed
4.to persuade 5.watching； to collect 6.paying/to be paid
7.repairing/to be repaired 8.studying； to study
9.to take； taking 10.trying
维度二
1.failed to win the 100-metre race
2.I intend to join
3.to ask me for help
4.how to get to the station
5.eating out
6.to tell you
7.it impossible to finish
8.had a difficult time （in） completing
9.to ask whether you develop photographs
10.doing scientific research into agriculture
维度三
1.to like 2.showing 3.running 4.to make 5.spending
6.watching 7.to work 8.to tell 9.to disappoint
10.phoning 11.to explain 12.going
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了29岁的Caitlin Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子，并希望告诉人们，失败是很正常的，要正确对待并从中汲取智慧。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的29-year-old ...wore it.可知，Caitlin Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子。
2.A 观点态度题。根据第三段中的Caitlin’s adviser， Julie Libarkin ...failure in her students.和she encourages ...comes their way可推断，Julie Libarkin对Caitlin的行为是赞成的。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的A PhD student ...while studying.可以推出，Caitlin Kirby很乐观；根据最后一段中的“I’m prepared to receive ...way，” she joked heartily.可以推出，Caitlin Kirby很幽默。
4.D 根据第二段中Caitlin Kirby说的话可推断，她最有可能同意“一个人需要将失败正常化”这种观点。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了勤奋地工作和聪明地工作的特点，并表示工作方式的改进需要将两者结合起来。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，勤奋的工作者如果全心全意地工作，他们可以获得好结果。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Being a smart worker ...achieve your goals.可知，聪明工作的人可以通过创造性的方式节省大量的时间。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断，作者认为勤奋工作是根本。
8.B 推理判断题。第五段中作者讲述驴子的例子是为了说明聪明的工作是努力工作的结果，努力工作是重要的，但是知道在哪里努力也是重要的，因此推断这个例子是为了说明聪明的工作是必要的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie Long对消极情绪的积极好处的看法，建议人们平衡积极和消极，两方面都不能超过一定量，如果超过了就会出现问题。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jamie Long提倡认真倾听他人的经历。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者提到“寻找一线希望”是为了给出一个破坏朋友分享他们感觉的能力的例子。
11.D 观点态度题。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie Long对消极情绪的积极好处的看法，作者只是客观陈述，并没有发表自己的观点。
12.D 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段第一句以及最后一段最后一句可知，最后两段主要陈述要平衡积极和消极，两方面都不能超过一定量，如果超过了就会出现问题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Paen Long从小就有个梦想：制造一架属于自己的飞机。三十岁的他重拾自己的梦想，用回收材料做了一架飞机。虽然这次尝试并未成功，但他并不打算放弃。
13.B 根据下文中的started building his plane可知，Paen Long的梦想是制造一架飞机。build与make是同义词。
14.C 根据下文“I was afraid that people ...so sometimes I worked at night，” he said.可知，Paen Long偷偷地（secretly）制造他自己的飞机。
15.B 根据上下文语境可知，Paen Long有时候在晚上制造飞机，是因为害怕别人嘲笑他。
16.A It was a long time before ...为固定句式，意为“多久以后才……”。根据上下文语境可知，过了好长时间，Paen Long才将他的梦想付诸实践。
17.B 根据语境可知，Paen Long用经营汽车修理厂攒下的钱来制造飞机。
18.B 根据语境可知，Paen Long花了三年时间看YouTube视频是为了学习如何制造飞机。
19.B 根据语境可知，这里指飞机第一次飞行。
20.C 根据下文的the plane only got 50m in the air before crashing可知，这次飞行失败，与上文是转折关系。
21.D 根据语境可知，飞机在空中只飞行了50米就撞到了地上，所有的人都在看他。由此可知，Paen Long感到很尴尬。
22.D 根据上文语境可知，第一次试飞失败了。
23.A 根据下文中的His next project is to build a seaplane.可知，尽管第一次尝试失败了，但是Paen Long依然意志坚定。
24.B 根据语境可知，Paen Long制造飞机花了那么多钱，但他从未感到遗憾。
25.C 根据最后两句可知，尽管他的妻子很担心他，但是她别无选择，只好支持他。
26.A 根据下文的He can only search for information himself可知，这里指“没有专家帮助他”。
27.A 根据上文but可知，他的妻子多次劝说他停下来，但Paen Long说他不会放弃。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己学英语的经历告诉大家：即使希望很渺茫，我们也要为了自己的目标努力奋斗。
28.to realize 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。故填to realize。
29.efforts 考查名词的单复数。此处effort意为“艰难的尝试，尽力”，是可数名词，且根据空后的谓语动词seem可知，这里应用名词的复数形式。故填efforts。
30.a 考查冠词。这里表示泛指且shy的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
31.spoken/speaking 考查词形转换/非谓语动词。spoken English意为“口语英语”，为固定用法。也可填speaking，表示不擅长说英语。故填spoken/speaking。
32.changed 考查动词的时态。结合语境可知，空处是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填changed。
33.interesting 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，这里应用形容词作定语修饰English stories，且表示“有意思的，有趣的”。故填interesting。
34.to 考查介词。listen to意为“听”，为固定搭配。故填to。
35.it 考查代词。空处在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to learn English。故填it。
36.fluently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词talk应用副词。故填fluently。
37.confidence 考查词形转换。have confidence to do sth意为“有信心做某事”，为固定搭配。故填confidence。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语
1.We regret to inform you ...
2.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book ...
3.J.D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school ...
4.Despite rejections from several publishers，J.D.Salinger refused to give up.
5.Nevertheless，the sisters didn’t stop trying.
【我的发现】
1.句1、句2 和句4中regret，agreed 和refused后跟 作宾语；
2.句3、句5中的started和stop后跟 作宾语。
一、 动词-ing形式作宾语
1.只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有advise（建议）， suggest（建议）， admit（承认）， allow（允许）， permit（容许，允许）， avoid（避免）， consider（考虑）， miss（错过）， keep（继续）， practice/practise（练习）， finish（完成）， enjoy（喜欢）， appreciate（欣赏）， forbid（禁止）， imagine（想象）， risk（冒险）， mind（介意），delay（延期），escape（避开）， stand（忍受）等。
I couldn’t risk missing that train.
我不敢冒险错过那趟火车。
She suggested selling your house to pay the debt.
她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。
We don’t allow eating in the classroom.
我们不允许在教室里吃饭。
2.只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有look forward to， lead to， stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand， feel like， insist on， be busy （in）， have difficulty （in）， spend time （in）， cannot help， give up等。
He insists on doing physical training.
他坚持锻炼身体。
3.动词-ing形式的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格/名词所有格/名词的普通格＋动词-ing形式。
Would you mind my/me staying away from the conference？
你介意我不参加会议吗？
The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college.
爸爸坚持要求儿子去上大学。
【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①As a new driver， I have to practise （park） the car in my small garage again and again.
②Many old men oppose （cut） down the 100-year-old tree for a shopping center.
③I feel like （stay） at home on weekends while my sister would like to go shopping.
④Our monitor suggested （have） a discussion on the new holiday plan.
二、 动词不定式作宾语
1.只接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want（想），fail（未能），seem（似乎）， choose（选择），wish（希望），hope（希望），offer（提供），decide（决定），determine（下定决心），long（渴望），refuse（拒绝），promise（答应），manage（设法），learn（学会）， pretend（假装）， expect（期望）， afford（负担得起）， plan（计划）， agree（同意）， prepare（准备）， ask（要求）等。
After discussion， they decided to accept our offer.
经过讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。
I hope to have a new type of smartphone.
我希望有一部新款智能手机。
My father finally agreed to help us.
我父亲终于同意帮助我们。
2.能接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语的动词有show， understand， tell， explain， teach， learn， know， ask， decide， wonder等。此用法中动词不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。
He didn’t know how to deal with the accident.
他不知道怎样处理这起事故。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope （accomplish）.
②John is very reliable — if he promises （do） something， he will certainly do it.
③She couldn’t think of for Children’s Day， which made her anxious.
她想不出儿童节该送孩子们什么礼物，这使她很焦虑。
④Have you decided ？
你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？
三、既可接动词-ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）
1.有些动词（如like， love， hate， begin， start， continue， intend等）既可接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，动词不定式表示特定的未来事件，动词-ing形式表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下没有明显的差别，可以互换。
I intend studying/to study abroad.
我打算出国留学。
She started writing/to write short stories in senior high school.
她在上高中时开始写短篇小说。
2.下列动词（短语）后可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，但在意义上却有着明显的差别。
stop
forget
regret
remember
try
mean
go on
When they saw the teacher， they stopped talking.
当他们看见老师，他们停止了说话。（停止了talk这个动作）
She found me in trouble and stopped to help me.
她发现我有麻烦，停下来过来帮我。（她停止了手中的事，转而帮助我）
Don’t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.
别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。（turn down尚未发生）
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。（see已经发生）
3.动词want， need， require， demand作“需要”讲，而且当物作主语时，常跟动词-ing形式作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟动词不定式要用被动式。
The old house requires repairing/to be repaired.
那座旧房子需要修了。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The teacher regretted （tell） Tom he didn’t pass the exam， and Tom regretted not （study） hard.
②I remembered （lock） the door before I left the office， but forgot （turn） off the lights.
③These young trees require to be watered.
→These young trees require .
④We’ve had a good start， but next， more work needs doing to achieve the final success.
→We’ve had a good start， but next， more work needs to achieve the final success.
四、it用作形式宾语
记住句型“6123”结构：
“6”指主句中常用的6个动词：think， believe， make， find， consider， feel；
“1”指形式宾语it；
“2”指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；
“3”指真正宾语的三种形式：动词不定式短语，动词-ing形式或that引导的宾语从句。
此结构中，it是形式宾语，其后的形容词或名词是宾语补足语，而动词-ing形式/动词不定式/宾语从句才是真正的宾语。
1.主语＋谓语（think/believe/consider/feel/make/find等）＋it＋宾语补足语（no use/no good/useless/a waste of time）＋doing ...
I think it no use discussing the matter again.
我认为再讨论此事是没有用的。
Do you consider it any good trying again？
你觉得再试一下会有用吗？
2.主语＋谓语（think/believe/consider/feel/make/find等）＋it＋宾语补足语（形容词/名词）＋（for sb） to do .../宾语从句
She has made it a rule to go out for a walk after supper.
她养成了晚饭后出去散步的习惯。
I feel it pleasant to work with you.
我觉得与你共事是件令人愉快的事。
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①No matter where he is， he makes it a rule （get） up early every day.
②I found it useless （try） to talk him out of buying the expensive toy.
③In the past， scientists found hard to solve the problem how life began on the earth.
④I find that it is my duty to help you when you are in trouble.
→I find when you are in trouble.
五、动词-ing形式和动词不定式的使用原则
动词-ing形式和动词不定式在形式上分为一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。一定要根据句子表达的意义选用不同的形式。
动 词 -ing 形 式 doing 主动意义，表示习惯性行为 动词-ing形式和动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面直接加not
being done 被动意义，表示习惯性行为
having done 主动关系，已经做完
having been done 被动关系，已经被做完
动 词 不 定 式 to do 主动关系，动作尚未发生
to be done 被动关系，动作尚未发生
to have done 主动关系，已经做完
to have been done 被动关系，已经被做完
inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
【教材原句】 Today， Liu Wei still enjoys playing music， and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.今天，刘伟仍然喜欢演奏音乐，他的积极态度激励着我们大家。
【用法】
（1）source of inspiration 灵感的源泉
draw inspiration from 从……中得到灵感
an inspiration to sb 激励某人的人（或事物）
（2）inspire vt. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞
inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb 使某人产生（感觉或情感）
（3）inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的
【佳句】 Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from nature.
许多诗人和艺术家从大自然中获得灵感。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Motivated by the （inspire） presentation， the student made up his mind to be an ambitious astronomer.
②He became （inspire） when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
③The teacher inspires his students （give） their opinions rather than just listen to him.
【写美】 补全句子
④The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be .
我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的
【教材原句】 Even though being a camper has its challenges， I feel it is worthwhile.
尽管当一名露营者也有它的挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。
【用法】
（1）值得做某事
（2）be worth＋名词 值得……
be （well） worth doing （很）值得做
（3）be worthy 值得……
【佳句】 It’s worthwhile reading/to read literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.
读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。
【点津】 （1）worth还可意为“价值……”，其后一般接钱数，表示某东西值多少钱。
（2）worthwhile除可作表语外，还可用作定语，放在名词之前。a worthwhile cause 高尚的事业。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This article is well worth （read）， but it is not worthy of being （translate）.
②The debate between them was whether it was worthwhile （afford） the extra expense of hiring an expensive apartment.
③I suggest Zhoushan for your holiday.It is really worthy a visit.
【写美】 补全句子
④His suggestion put forward at the conference .（worthy）
他在会议上提出的建议是值得考虑的。
⑤How much ？
这幅画值多少钱？
enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
【教材原句】 With life being made up of ups and downs， it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.生活是由起起落落组成的，保持良好和热情的态度总是不容易的。
【用法】
（1）be enthusiastic about （doing） sth 对（做）某事热心/热衷
（2）enthusiasm n. 热心；热情
（3）enthusiastically adv. 热心地；热情地
【佳句】 I’m an active and enthusiastic person who enjoys working with different people and can adapt well to new situations.
我是一个积极、热情的人，喜欢和不同的人一起工作，能很好地适应新环境。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering （enthusiastic） for the athletes.
②Though reasons for learning Chinese vary， a common one is （enthusiastic） for the country’s rich culture.
【写美】 补全句子
③He as a little boy.
他还是一个小男孩的时候就热衷于踢足球。
upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；打翻
【教材原句】 Why are you so upset？你为什么这么难过？
【用法】
（1）be upset about/over/at sth
为某事烦心/难过
be upset to do sth
对做某事感到不安/难过
（2）It upsets sb to do sth/that
让某人心烦的是……
【佳句】 We felt upset and decided to make a change to the uncivilized behaviour.
我们感到心烦意乱，决定改变这种不文明的行为。
【点津】 （1）upset充当形容词时常作表语，不能作定语；
（2）upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词都是upset；其现在分词为upsetting。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I am so upset the house we had lived in for so many years was consumed by the fire.
②My parents were in a huge argument， and I was really upset it.
③He stood up suddenly， （upset） a cup of coffee on the table.
④It upset me （hear） that my application for the position was turned down.
【写美】 一句多译
⑤他的不辞而别让她感到不安。
→She he had left without saying goodbye.（upset adj.）
→ he had left without saying goodbye.（upset vt.）
elect v.选举，推选
【教材原句】 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but weren’t elected.
你竞选学生会主席，但没有当选。
【用法】
（1）当选为；被选作
elect to do sth 选择/决定做某事
（2）election n. 选举；当选；选择权
【佳句】 If I am elected， I believe I will cooperate well with my fellow students and organize colourful activities to enrich our school lives.
如果我当选了，我相信我会和我的同学们合作好，组织丰富多彩的活动来丰富我们的学校生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Much to my delight， I was elected chairman of the literature club.
②She became the first black woman to be elected the Senate.
③If I am lucky enough to win the （elect）， the first thing I will do is enrich our students’ after-class activities.
④An increasing number of people elect （work） at home nowadays.
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.动词不定式 2.动词-ing形式
即时演练1
①parking ②cutting ③staying ④having
即时演练2
①to accomplish ②to do ③what to give children as presents ④where to spend your holiday
即时演练3
①to tell； studying ②locking； to turn ③watering
④to be done
即时演练4
①to get ②trying ③it ④it my duty to help you
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①inspiring ②inspired ③to give
④inspiration for great inventions
2.①reading； translated ②to afford/affording ③of
④is worthy of consideration/of being considered/to be considered ⑤is the painting worth
3.①enthusiastically ②enthusiasm
③was enthusiastic about playing football
4.①that ②about/over/at ③upsetting ④to hear
⑤was upset that； It upset her that
5.①as ②to ③election ④to work
8 / 8(共98张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语
1. We regret to inform you ...
2. After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to
print 500 copies of her first book ...
3. J.D. Salinger
started writing short stories in high school ...
4. Despite rejections from several publishers，J.D. Salinger
refused to give up.
5. Nevertheless，the sisters didn’t stop trying.
【我的发现】
1. 句1、句2 和句4中regret，agreed 和refused后跟 作
宾语；
2. 句3、句5中的started和stop后跟 作宾语。
动词不定式
动词-ing形式
一、 动词-ing形式作宾语
1. 只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有advise（建议）， suggest（建
议）， admit（承认）， allow（允许）， permit（容许，允
许）， avoid（避免）， consider（考虑）， miss（错过）， keep
（继续）， practice/practise（练习）， finish（完成）， enjoy
（喜欢）， appreciate（欣赏）， forbid（禁止）， imagine（想
象）， risk（冒险）， mind（介意），delay（延期），escape
（避开）， stand（忍受）等。
I couldn’t risk missing that train.
我不敢冒险错过那趟火车。
She suggested selling your house to pay the debt.
她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。
We don’t allow eating in the classroom.
我们不允许在教室里吃饭。
2. 只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有look forward to， lead to，
stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， can’t stand，
feel like， insist on， be busy （in）， have difficulty （in），
spend time （in）， cannot help， give up等。
He insists on doing physical training.
他坚持锻炼身体。
3. 动词-ing形式的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格/名词
所有格/名词的普通格＋动词-ing形式。
Would you mind my/me staying away from the conference？
你介意我不参加会议吗？
The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college.
爸爸坚持要求儿子去上大学。
【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①As a new driver， I have to practise （park） the car
in my small garage again and again.
②Many old men oppose （cut） down the 100-year-old
tree for a shopping center.
③I feel like （stay） at home on weekends while my sister
would like to go shopping.
④Our monitor suggested （have） a discussion on the
new holiday plan.
parking
cutting
staying
having
二、 动词不定式作宾语
1. 只接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want（想），fail（未能），seem
（似乎）， choose（选择），wish（希望），hope（希望），offer
（提供），decide（决定），determine（下定决心），long（渴
望），refuse（拒绝），promise（答应），manage（设法），
learn（学会）， pretend（假装）， expect（期望）， afford（负
担得起）， plan（计划）， agree（同意）， prepare（准备），
ask（要求）等。
After discussion， they decided to accept our offer.
经过讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。
I hope to have a new type of smartphone.
我希望有一部新款智能手机。
My father finally agreed to help us.
我父亲终于同意帮助我们。
2. 能接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语的动词有show， understand，
tell， explain， teach， learn， know， ask， decide， wonder
等。此用法中动词不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一
致，否则用宾语从句。
He didn’t know how to deal with the accident.
他不知道怎样处理这起事故。
【即时演练2】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Only when we match our words with actions can we make a
difference in whatever we hope （accomplish）.
②John is very reliable — if he promises （do）
something， he will certainly do it.
③She couldn’t think of for
Children’s Day， which made her anxious.
她想不出儿童节该送孩子们什么礼物，这使她很焦虑。
④Have you decided ？
你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？
to accomplish
to do
what to give children as presents
where to spend your holiday
三、既可接动词-ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）
1. 有些动词（如like， love， hate， begin， start， continue，
intend等）既可接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式作宾语，动词不
定式表示特定的未来事件，动词-ing形式表示抽象的概念，但在许
多情况下没有明显的差别，可以互换。
I intend studying/to study abroad.
我打算出国留学。
She started writing/to write short stories in senior high school.
她在上高中时开始写短篇小说。
2. 下列动词（短语）后可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，但在
意义上却有着明显的差别。
stop
forget
regret
remember
try
mean
go on
When they saw the teacher， they stopped talking.
当他们看见老师，他们停止了说话。（停止了talk这个动作）
She found me in trouble and stopped to help me.
她发现我有麻烦，停下来过来帮我。（她停止了手中的事，转而帮
助我）
Don’t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.
别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。（turn down尚未发生）
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。（see已经发生）
3. 动词want， need， require， demand作“需要”讲，而且当物作主
语时，常跟动词-ing形式作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果
跟动词不定式要用被动式。
The old house requires repairing/to be repaired.
那座旧房子需要修了。
【即时演练3】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The teacher regretted （tell） Tom he didn’t pass the
exam， and Tom regretted not （study） hard.
②I remembered （lock） the door before I left the
office， but forgot （turn） off the lights.
③These young trees require to be watered.
→These young trees require .
④We’ve had a good start， but next， more work needs doing to
achieve the final success.
→We’ve had a good start， but next， more work needs
to achieve the final success.
to tell
studying
locking
to turn
watering
to be
done
四、it用作形式宾语
记住句型“6123”结构：
“6”指主句中常用的6个动词：think， believe， make， find，
consider， feel；
“1”指形式宾语it；
“2”指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；
“3”指真正宾语的三种形式：动词不定式短语，动词-ing形式或that引
导的宾语从句。
此结构中，it是形式宾语，其后的形容词或名词是宾语补足语，而动
词-ing形式/动词不定式/宾语从句才是真正的宾语。
1. 主语＋谓语（think/believe/consider/feel/make/find等）＋it＋宾语
补足语（no use/no good/useless/a waste of time）＋doing ...
I think it no use discussing the matter again.
我认为再讨论此事是没有用的。
Do you consider it any good trying again？
你觉得再试一下会有用吗？
2. 主语＋谓语（think/believe/consider/feel/make/find等）＋it＋宾语
补足语（形容词/名词）＋（for sb） to do .../宾语从句
She has made it a rule to go out for a walk after supper.
她养成了晚饭后出去散步的习惯。
I feel it pleasant to work with you.
我觉得与你共事是件令人愉快的事。
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
【即时演练4】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①No matter where he is， he makes it a rule （get） up
early every day.
②I found it useless （try） to talk him out of buying the
expensive toy.
③In the past， scientists found hard to solve the problem how
life began on the earth.
④I find that it is my duty to help you when you are in trouble.
→I find when you are in trouble.
to get
trying
it
it my duty to help you
五、动词-ing形式和动词不定式的使用原则
动词-ing形式和动词不定式在形式上分为一般式和完成式。一般式表
示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词
所表示的动作之前发生的动作。一定要根据句子表达的意义选用不同
的形式。
动词-
ing 形式 doing 主动意义，表示习惯性行为 动词-ing
形式和动
词不定式
的否定形
式是在其
前面直接
加not
being done 被动意义，表示习惯性行为 having done 主动关系，已经做完 having been done 被动关系，已经被做完 动词 不定式 to do 主动关系，动作尚未发生 to be done 被动关系，动作尚未发生 to have done 主动关系，已经做完 to have been done 被动关系，已经被做完
2
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
【教材原句】 Today， Liu Wei still enjoys playing music， and his
positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.
今天，刘伟仍然喜欢演奏音乐，他的积极态度激励着我们大家。
（1）source of inspiration 灵感的源泉
draw inspiration from 从……中得到灵感
an inspiration to sb 激励某人的人（或事物）
（2）inspire vt. 启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞
inspire sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb使某人产生（感觉或情感）
（3）inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的
【用法】
【佳句】 Many poets and artists have drawn their inspiration from
nature.
许多诗人和艺术家从大自然中获得灵感。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Motivated by the （inspire） presentation， the
student made up his mind to be an ambitious astronomer.
②He became （inspire） when he thought about helping
ordinary people exposed to cholera.
③The teacher inspires his students （give） their opinions
rather than just listen to him.
inspiring
inspired
to give
【写美】 补全句子
④The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may
be .
我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
inspiration for great inventions
worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的
【教材原句】 Even though being a camper has its challenges， I feel
it is worthwhile.
尽管当一名露营者也有它的挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。
【用法】
【佳句】 It’s worthwhile reading/to read literary books because they
can help us to know more about the society and life.
读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。
【点津】 （1）worth还可意为“价值……”，其后一般接钱数，表示
某东西值多少钱。
（2）worthwhile除可作表语外，还可用作定语，放在名词之前。a
worthwhile cause 高尚的事业。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①This article is well worth （read）， but it is not
worthy of being （translate）.
②The debate between them was whether it was worthwhile
（afford） the extra expense of hiring an
expensive apartment.
③I suggest Zhoushan for your holiday.It is really worthy
a visit.
reading
translated
to
afford/affording
of
【写美】 补全句子
④His suggestion put forward at the conference
.
（worthy）
他在会议上提出的建议是值得考虑的。
⑤How much ？
这幅画值多少钱？
is worthy of
consideration/of being considered/to be considered
is the painting worth
enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
【教材原句】 With life being made up of ups and downs， it is not
always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.生活是由起起
落落组成的，保持良好和热情的态度总是不容易的。
【用法】
（1）be enthusiastic about （doing） sth 对（做）某事热心/热
衷
（2）enthusiasm n. 热心；热情
（3）enthusiastically adv. 热心地；热情地
【佳句】 I’m an active and enthusiastic person who enjoys working
with different people and can adapt well to new situations.
我是一个积极、热情的人，喜欢和不同的人一起工作，能很好地适应
新环境。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The whole playground was excited with the audience
cheering （enthusiastic） for the athletes.
②Though reasons for learning Chinese vary， a common one
is （enthusiastic） for the country’s rich culture.
enthusiastically
enthusiasm
【写美】 补全句子
③He as a little boy.
他还是一个小男孩的时候就热衷于踢足球。
was enthusiastic about playing football
upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；打翻
【教材原句】 Why are you so upset？你为什么这么难过？
【用法】
（1）be upset about/over/at sth 为某事烦心/难过
be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安/难过
（2）It upsets sb to do sth/that 让某人心烦的是……
【佳句】 We felt upset and decided to make a change to the
uncivilized behaviour.
我们感到心烦意乱，决定改变这种不文明的行为。
【点津】 （1）upset充当形容词时常作表语，不能作定语；
（2）upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词都是upset；其现在分词为
upsetting。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①I am so upset the house we had lived in for so many years
was consumed by the fire.
②My parents were in a huge argument， and I was really
upset it.
③He stood up suddenly， （upset） a cup of coffee on
the table.
④It upset me （hear） that my application for the
position was turned down.
that
about/over/at
upsetting
to hear
【写美】 一句多译
⑤他的不辞而别让她感到不安。
→She he had left without saying goodbye.（upset
adj.）
→ he had left without saying goodbye.（upset
vt.）
was upset that
It upset her that
elect v.选举，推选
【教材原句】 You ran for Head of the Student Committee but
weren’t elected.你竞选学生会主席，但没有当选。
【用法】
【佳句】 If I am elected， I believe I will cooperate well with my
fellow students and organize colourful activities to enrich our school
lives.
如果我当选了，我相信我会和我的同学们合作好，组织丰富多彩的活
动来丰富我们的学校生活。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Much to my delight， I was elected chairman of the
literature club.
②She became the first black woman to be elected the Senate.
as
to
③If I am lucky enough to win the （elect）， the first
thing I will do is enrich our students’ after-class activities.
④An increasing number of people elect （work） at
home nowadays.
election
to work
3
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Addicted to computer games， David can’t help
（spend） much time on playing them.
2. Some students find it very difficult （speak） English
fluently.
spending
to speak
3. He regretted （miss） his daughter’s
school play， as it was a special moment he couldn’t get back.
4. He attempted （persuade） his father to allow him
to do what he liked but failed.
5. While many young kids are keen on （watch）
cartoons， little Jack prefers （collect） coins.
6. Both mental and physical health of children deserves
（pay） attention to.
7. As a result of the serious flood， two thirds of the buildings in the
area need （repair）.
missing/having missed
to persuade
watching
to collect
paying/to be
paid
repairing/to be repaired
8. In England Marx went on English.After mastering
English， he went on Russian.（study）
9. My grandfather always forgets the keys but he always
says that he remembers them.（take）
10. I find it a waste of time （try） to persuade him to give
up the idea.
studying
to study
to take
taking
trying
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. Mary ， which made her quite
upset.
玛丽未能赢得100米赛跑，这让她很伤心。
2. a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
我打算参加一个龙舟训练营。
3. When you get into trouble， don’t hesitate .
当你陷入困境时，立即向我求助。
failed to win the 100-metre race
I intend to join
to ask me for help
4. Can you tell me ？
你可以告诉我怎么去车站吗？
5. Do you feel like or would you rather have dinner at
home？
你想出去吃饭还是宁愿在家吃饭？
6. I regret that you are not qualified for this position.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你不适合这个职位。
7. He found the work in such a short time.
他发现在如此短的时间内完成工作是不可能的。
how to get to the station
eating out
to tell you
it impossible to finish
8. We the task assigned by
the teacher.
我们费了好大力气才完成老师布置的任务。
9. That’s all right.I just want
.
那没关系。我只是想问一下你们是否冲洗照片。
10. He has devoted all his life to
.
他毕生精力都致力于做农业方面的科学研究。
had a difficult time （in） completing
to ask whether you develop
photographs
doing scientific research into
agriculture
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给动词的适当形式完成下面短文
I used 1. （like） to go to our local cinema.It was old
and rather uncomfortable， but it was special.Now they’ve stopped
2. （show） films there.The owner would like to go on
3. （run） the cinema， but he can’t afford 4.
（make） a lot of improvements， which would mean
to like
showing
running
to
make
5. （spend） tens of thousands of pounds.I still remember
6. （watch） the last film at the cinema.It was a murder
mystery.It was five minutes before the end， and we were trying 7.
（work） out who was the murderer when suddenly all the
lights went out and the film stopped.We sat in the dark for a few
minutes， and then the owner appeared with a torch.“I regret 8.
（tell） you”， he said，“that our electricity has failed.I don’t
mean
spending
watching
to
work
to
tell
9. （disappoint） you， but I’m afraid we can’t show
you the end of the film.We’ve tried 10. （phone） the
electricity company， but they say they can’t help.” He went on
11. （explain） to the audience how the film ended.I
didn’t understand the story.But I don’t regret 12. （go） to
the cinema on that last evening.
to disappoint
phoning
to explain
going
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A PhD student in Michigan defended her paper while wearing a
skirt made of rejection letters she received while studying.29-year-old
Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from
scholarships， academic journals， and conferences — then folded
each one into a fan.She connected them in rows， and in the end she
made a skirt out of these “fans” and wore it.
She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of
a desire to normalize （使正常化） rejection and take pride in
overcoming it.“The whole process of rereading those old letters and
making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply for a lot
of things to succeed，” she said.“A natural part of the process is to get
rejected along the way.”
Caitlin’s adviser， Julie Libarkin， a professor of earth and
environmental science at Michigan State University， also encourages
the acceptance of failure in her students.Libarkin believes it’s
important for students to get into a habit of applying for things， and
to get used to the feeling of rejection， so she encourages them to chase
after any opportunity that comes their way.If a student doesn’t get a
grant or a spot in an academic journal， that’s okay.They’ll still have
learned something in the process.
As for Caitlin， the rejections she received over the years have led
to great things：Since her doctorate， she’s won a scholarship to do
further research on urban agriculture in Germany.
Currently， she’s a post-doctoral researcher at the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln.As for what the future holds？“I’m prepared to
receive a few more rejection letters along the way，” she joked
heartily.“Maybe I’ll make a longer skirt.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了29岁的Caitlin
Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子，并希望告诉人们，失败是很
正常的，要正确对待并从中汲取智慧。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了29岁的Caitlin
Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子，并希望告诉人们，失败是很
正常的，要正确对待并从中汲取智慧。
1. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby’s rejection letters？
A. She received 17 rejections in total.
B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.
C. The rejections were connected into a fan.
D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的29-year-old ...wore it.可
知，Caitlin Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子。
2. What is Julie Libarkin’s attitude towards Caitlin’s action？
A. Favourable. B. Ambiguous.
C. Skeptical. D. Opposed.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第三段中的Caitlin’s adviser， Julie
Libarkin ...failure in her students.和she encourages ...comes their
way可推断，Julie Libarkin对Caitlin的行为是赞成的。
3. Which of the following can best describe Caitlin Kirby？
A. Creative and considerate.
B. Caring and determined.
C. Optimistic and humorous.
D. Generous and intelligent.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的A PhD student ...while
studying.可以推出，Caitlin Kirby很乐观；根据最后一段中的“I’m
prepared to receive ...way，” she joked heartily.可以推出，Caitlin
Kirby很幽默。
4. Which of the following may Caitlin Kirby agree with？
A. Hard work pays off.
B. Education is the entrance to success.
C. Self-respect earns more respect.
D. One needs to normalize failures.
解析： 根据第二段中Caitlin Kirby说的话可推断，她最有可能
同意“一个人需要将失败正常化”这种观点。
B
We have often heard that “work smart and not hard”.Does only
smart work bring you success？And if so， then why are so many of
us still busy putting our blood and sweat into working hard？ Here，
we’ll discuss hard work and smart work.
Hard work is all about consistently working towards a particular
goal irrespective （不考虑的） of its worth， not being worried about
the result and not using any means to reduce your effort.Hard work
requires a lot of commitment （投入） and sincerity from the
person.Although being boring and tiresome， it can give you the best
results if it is done with heart and soul.
One of the preconditions of smart work is having in-depth
knowledge or experience of the work in hand， because that allows
you to look for efficient ways to do the work in a planned time.Being a
smart worker saves a lot of time as you can find means to reduce your
work by using logical and innovative ways to achieve your
goals.Besides， it also gives you enough time to learn a new task while
completing the present one.
Although it seems that smart work is a better option， what we
forget is that smart work is the fruit of hard work.Only when you
work hard can you gather the expertise （专门技能） and the
knowledge to understand the work in hand and efficiently improve on
it and work smartly.
You will attain great heights and lead a better and comfortable life
if you combine both smart and hard work together.If you are not
smart， your hard work will never pay.A donkey only does hard
work， while a horse does hard work and uses its smartness whenever
and wherever it needs.In a similar way， smart work is the result of
hard work.To master the quality of smart work， you really need to
work hard.Through hard work， we gain experience which helps us
discover new things that may make us work smartly.The effort is
important，but where to make that effort makes a difference.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了勤奋地工作和聪明地工
作的特点，并表示工作方式的改进需要将两者结合起来。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了勤奋地工作和聪明地工
作的特点，并表示工作方式的改进需要将两者结合起来。
5. What can we learn about hard workers from Paragraph 2？
A. They lack proper work skills.
B. They always have great patience.
C. They tend to ignore the goal of work.
D. They can obtain excellent results from their work if they work with
heart and soul.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，勤奋的工作者
如果全心全意地工作，他们可以获得好结果。
6. How can smart workers save a lot of time？
A. By making a sensible plan.
B. By making use of innovative ways.
C. By learning experience from others.
D. By getting inspiration from a new task.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Being a smart
worker ...achieve your goals.可知，聪明工作的人可以通过创造性的
方式节省大量的时间。
7. What does the author think of hard work？
A. It is inspiring. B. It is ineffective.
C. It is challenging. D. It is fundamental.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断，作者认为勤奋工
作是根本。
8. What does the example of donkey in Paragraph 5 intend to show？
A. It is useless to work hard.
B. It is necessary to work smartly.
C. The efforts you make matter most.
D. The horse is cleverer than the donkey.
解析： 推理判断题。第五段中作者讲述驴子的例子是为了说明
聪明的工作是努力工作的结果，努力工作是重要的，但是知道在哪
里努力也是重要的，因此推断这个例子是为了说明聪明的工作是必
要的。
C
“A positive attitude can be a gift to those around you，” said
Jamie Long， a clinical psychologist in Fort Lauderdale，
Florida.“But it shouldn’t take the place of listening thoughtfully to
others’ experiences.”
“When you choose to look at situations from one positive angle，
you are very likely to dismiss a true experience，” Long
explained.“Even if you try to cheer up someone， ignoring someone’s
difficult experiences can leave them feeling they should hide negative
feelings in the future.”
As examples of “positive” responses that might destroy a friend’s
ability to share their feelings， Long listed：“Look for the silver
lining” and “it could be worse”.Instead of trying to find a positive
angle， Long suggested using accepting phrases that communicate a
willingness to listen， and to share life’s difficult moments with the
people you care about.
Still， the positive benefits of negative emotions may be best
experienced in relatively small doses （剂量）.Lomas Quintero
highlighted that appreciating the value of difficult feelings is all about
finding balance.“Any negative emotion can go too far or turn into a
clinical issue，” he said.
Long agreed.“There is an abundance of research that really touts
（吹捧） the benefits of positivity， and we’re not denying that，”
Long said.“When you do so to an extreme， when you dismiss truth，
that’s where problems arise.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie
Long对消极情绪的积极好处的看法，建议人们平衡积极和消极，两
方面都不能超过一定量，如果超过了就会出现问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie
Long对消极情绪的积极好处的看法，建议人们平衡积极和消极，两
方面都不能超过一定量，如果超过了就会出现问题。
9. What does Jamie Long advocate？
A. Taking a positive attitude to those around you.
B. Listening thoughtfully to others’ experiences.
C. Choosing to look at situations from a positive angle.
D. Ignoring someone’s difficult experiences to cheer up.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Jamie Long提倡认真倾
听他人的经历。
10. Why does the author mention “Look for the silver lining” in
Paragraph 3？
A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To give an example.
D. To make a comparison.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，作者提到“寻找
一线希望”是为了给出一个破坏朋友分享他们感觉的能力的例子。
11. What is the author’s attitude to the benefits of negative emotions？
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
解析：D 观点态度题。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie
Long对消极情绪的积极好处的看法，作者只是客观陈述，并没有
发表自己的观点。
12. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about？
A. The benefits of positive emotions.
B. Clinical issues caused by negativity.
C. Experiencing some difficult feelings.
D. Balancing positivity against negativity.
解析：D 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段第一句以及最后一段最
后一句可知，最后两段主要陈述要平衡积极和消极，两方面都不
能超过一定量，如果超过了就会出现问题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Paen Long has had a dream ever since he saw a plane for the first
time at the age of six.His dream was to 13 a plane.Last year，the
30-year-old man started building his plane 14 .“I was afraid that
people would 15 me，so sometimes I worked at night，” he
said.It was a long time 16 he put his dream into practice.Paen
Long tried to build his own plane，using the money he had 17
from running his own garage.He has spent three years watching
YouTube videos in order to 18 how to make a plane.
It took him a year to build his plane，using mostly recycled
materials.The plane’s first 19 came at 3 pm on 8 March.Local
villagers gathered excitedly to watch the plane fly. 20 ，the plane
only got 50m in the air before crashing （撞击） to the ground.“When
all people were looking at me，I felt very 21 ，” he said.
Although the first try 22 ， Paen Long remains 23 .His
next project is to build a seaplane.Paen Long thinks the plane will cost
over $10，000.“I never feel 24 for spending all my money building
a plane，” he said.
His wife，Hing Muoyheng，worries about him，especially as
they have two young sons.However，she has no 25 .“I don’t know
how planes work and he doesn’t have any 26 to help him.He can
only search for information himself，” she said.“I tried to ask him to
stop a few times because I was afraid，but he said he
wouldn’t 27 ， so I have to support his dream.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Paen Long从小就有个梦想：制造一
架属于自己的飞机。三十岁的他重拾自己的梦想，用回收材料做了
一架飞机。虽然这次尝试并未成功，但他并不打算放弃。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Paen Long从小就有个梦想：制造一
架属于自己的飞机。三十岁的他重拾自己的梦想，用回收材料做了
一架飞机。虽然这次尝试并未成功，但他并不打算放弃。
13. A. repair B. make C. draw D. buy
解析： 根据下文中的started building his plane可知，Paen
Long的梦想是制造一架飞机。build与make是同义词。
14. A. carefully B. impatiently
C. secretly D. suddenly
解析： 根据下文“I was afraid that people ...so sometimes I
worked at night，” he said.可知，Paen Long偷偷地（secretly）制
造他自己的飞机。
15. A. make use of B. make fun of
C. get tired of D. turn to
解析： 根据上下文语境可知，Paen Long有时候在晚上制造飞
机，是因为害怕别人嘲笑他。
16. A. before B. until C. when D. since
解析： It was a long time before ...为固定句式，意为“多久以后
才……”。根据上下文语境可知，过了好长时间，Paen Long才将
他的梦想付诸实践。
17. A. expected B. saved
C. stolen D. borrowed
解析： 根据语境可知，Paen Long用经营汽车修理厂攒下的钱
来制造飞机。
18. A. answer B. learn
C. control D. guess
解析： 根据语境可知，Paen Long花了三年时间看YouTube视
频是为了学习如何制造飞机。
19. A. design B. flight
C. interview D. meeting
解析： 根据语境可知，这里指飞机第一次飞行。
20. A. Therefore B. Besides
C. However D. Otherwise
解析： 根据下文的the plane only got 50m in the air before
crashing可知，这次飞行失败，与上文是转折关系。
21. A. angry B. excited
C. proud D. embarrassed
解析： 根据语境可知，飞机在空中只飞行了50米就撞到了地
上，所有的人都在看他。由此可知，Paen Long感到很尴尬。
22. A. appeared B. continued
C. changed D. failed
解析： 根据上文语境可知，第一次试飞失败了。
23. A. determined B. kind
C. nervous D. upset
解析： 根据下文中的His next project is to build a seaplane.可
知，尽管第一次尝试失败了，但是Paen Long依然意志坚定。
24. A. serious B. sorry
C. hungry D. grateful
解析： 根据语境可知，Paen Long制造飞机花了那么多钱，但
他从未感到遗憾。
25. A. chance B. aim C. choice D. reason
解析： 根据最后两句可知，尽管他的妻子很担心他，但是她
别无选择，只好支持他。
26. A. experts B. classmates
C. volunteers D. workers
解析： 根据下文的He can only search for information himself
可知，这里指“没有专家帮助他”。
27. A. give up B. give in
C. give away D. give out
解析： 根据上文but可知，他的妻子多次劝说他停下来，但
Paen Long说他不会放弃。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In my opinion， we should try our best 28 （realize） our
goals even though there is little hope.The 29 （effort） seem to be
the lights in the darkness， leading the way to hope and success.
I used to be 30 shy girl in primary school.I was weak in
English at that time， especially in 31 （speak） English.So I was
afraid to answer the teacher’s questions during English classes.After I
entered my dream middle school， something 32 （change）.I
started to read many 33 （interest） English stories and my
English teacher was patient to help me a lot.I studied hard in class and
practiced by watching English films and listening 34 English
songs in my free time.Little by little， I found 35 more and more
interesting to learn English.
I could even talk with my classmates 36 （fluent） in English and
I was not shy any more.At last， I got high grades in English and I
had 37 （confident） to do it better in the future.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己学英语的经历告
诉大家：即使希望很渺茫，我们也要为了自己的目标努力奋斗。
28. to realize 考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth意为“尽某人
最大努力做某事”。故填to realize。
29. efforts 考查名词的单复数。此处effort意为“艰难的尝试，尽
力”，是可数名词，且根据空后的谓语动词seem可知，这里应用名词
的复数形式。故填efforts。
30. a 考查冠词。这里表示泛指且shy的发音以辅音音素开头，故填
不定冠词a。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己学英语的经历告
诉大家：即使希望很渺茫，我们也要为了自己的目标努力奋斗。
31. spoken/speaking 考查词形转换/非谓语动词。spoken English意
为“口语英语”，为固定用法。也可填speaking，表示不擅长说英语。
故填spoken/speaking。
32. changed 考查动词的时态。结合语境可知，空处是过去发生的事
情，应用一般过去时。故填changed。
33. interesting 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，这里应用形容词
作定语修饰English stories，且表示“有意思的，有趣的”。故填
interesting。
34. to 考查介词。listen to意为“听”，为固定搭配。故填to。
35. it 考查代词。空处在句中作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to learn
English。故填it。
36. fluently 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词talk应用副词。故填
fluently。
37. confidence 考查词形转换。have confidence to do sth意为“有信
心做某事”，为固定搭配。故填confidence。
谢谢观看！
