Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的正确时态填空
1.By the time Henry was 12 years old， he （collect） more than a thousand stamps.
2.Tony （purchase） a plane ticket for me in advance online before I set off for the airport.
3.It was the first time that China’s lecture （deliver） from the orbiting Chinese Space Station.
4.Though I （explain） the text three times， the boy still couldn’t understand it.
5.The shy boy （plan） to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place， but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out.
6.I wish I （be） present at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday， but I was on a business trip in New York then.
7.It was the third time that he （win） the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
8.Hardly he （begin） his speech when the audience interrupted him.
9.The old man told us that he （travel） to many places.
10.I （hope） to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.It was the first time that I in public.
那是我第一次被当众批评。
2.By about 6000 BC， people the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。
3.When I met him again that day， he told me that he .
那天，当我再次见到他时，他告诉我他已经辍学了。
4.It was the second time that she London.
这是她第二次访问伦敦。
5.His parents look sad. Maybe they what happened to him.
他的父母看起来很伤心。也许他们知道他出了什么事。
6.I knew I and was looking forward to getting a positive comment.
我知道自己做得很好并且期待得到一个积极的评价。
7.When he got to school， he realized that he
.
当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
8.She told me that she an hour before.
她告诉我她一个小时前回来的。
9.I some books from the library， only to find it was being repaired.
我原本想从图书馆借一些书，结果却发现它正在维修中。
10.I when my parents arrived home last night.
昨晚当我父母到家的时候我已经完成了家庭作业。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给动词的正确时态完成下面短文
I 1. never （see） such beautiful sights before I visited Paris in 2012.I 2. （save） money for 5 years before I 3. （book） my trip to Paris.I was very excited！ Before my trip to Paris， I 4. never （be） out of the United States.
When I went to Paris， I 5. （spend） many days touring the city.The city was big.Sometimes I 6. （get） lost and asked for directions.I asked for directions in French.That was easy because I 7. （study） French for 2 years before I visited Paris.
By the time I left Paris， I 8. （tour） many beautiful places.The Eiffel Tower， Notre Dame Cathedral， and Luxembourg Gardens 9. （be） just a few of the places I saw.Before I 10. （visit） Paris， I had only seen those places on television.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in the sea， which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers.A layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water； the fresh water keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water； brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is very dangerous.Near the top of the blue hole， there is a layer of toxic gas， which causes itching， headache， and — in large amounts — death.Divers must also be fast.They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs out.Additionally， divers have to follow a guideline as they swim through a blue hole because it is very dark inside.Without the guideline， they may get lost.
Since the blue holes are so dangerous， why do explorers and scientists risk their lives to explore them？ The reason is that these underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information.They provide clues about geology， archaeology， and biology.For example， some blue hole creatures probably haven’t changed for millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology.For example， divers have found bacteria there that can live without oxygen.Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon， Europa.“Our study of life’s extremes on Earth，” he says， “can help increase our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition， the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long ago.By studying blue holes， we can understand what life was like in prehistoric times.As cave diver Kenny Broad says， “I can think of no other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives us back so much scientifically.”
1.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A.The definition of a blue hole.
B.The location of a blue hole.
C.The formation of a blue hole.
D.The structure of a blue hole.
2.Where can bright-colored bacteria be found？
A.In the saltwater layer.
B.In the freshwater layer.
C.In between the freshwater and saltwater layers.
D.In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.
3.What does the underlined word “astrobiology” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A.The study of life on Earth.
B.The study of life in the universe.
C.The study of life in prehistoric times.
D.The study of life in oxygen-free environment.
4.Which of the following can best describe blue holes？
A.They’re oxygen-free and lifeless.
B.They’re free of air and light.
C.They’re death zones and mysterious.
D.They’re poisonous and dark.
B
Melting ice sheets could add a huge 38 cm to the global sea level rise by 2100， NASA warned.
In a new study called the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project （ISMIP）， more than 60 experts generated estimates of how much of an impact Earth’s melting ice sheets could have on global sea level by 2100.Worryingly， the results indicate that if greenhouse gas emissions （排放物） continue to rise， Greenland’s and Antarctica’s ice sheets could contribute to more than 38 cm of the global sea level rise.
Sophie Nowicki， an ice scientist who led the study， said， “One of the biggest uncertainties， when it comes to how much sea level will rise in the future， is how much the ice sheets will contribute.And how much the ice sheets contribute is really dependent on what the climate will do.”
In the study， the team investigated two different situations for the Greenland ice sheet — one with carbon emissions increasing rapidly， and the other with lower emissions.In the high-emission situation， they found that the Greenland ice sheet would lead to an additional sea level rise of about 9 cm by 2100.Meanwhile， in the lower-emission situation， the loss from the ice sheet would increase global sea level by about 3 cm.The team also analyzed Antarctica’s ice sheet to understand how ice melted from climate change would add to the sea level rise.The results suggest that in the warmest conditions， the loss of ice in Antarctica could contribute to 18 cm of the sea level rise.
Helene Seroussi， another ice scientist， said，“The Amundsen Sea region in West Antarctica and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica are the two regions most sensitive to warming ocean temperatures and changing currents， and will continue to lose large amounts of ice.With these new results， we can focus our efforts on the correct direction and know what needs to be worked on to continue improving the predictions.”
5.What has a direct impact on the rise of global sea level？
A.The sensitivity of Antarctica.
B.The direction of the currents.
C.The temperature of the earth.
D.The greenhouse gas emissions.
6.How much of the sea level rise could Antarctica contribute to by 2100？
A.18 cm. B.28 cm.
C.9 cm. D.3 cm.
7.What is the importance of the research？
A.It helps countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
B.It raises people’s awareness of climate change.
C.It shows the amount of ice that will melt in the future.
D.It tells people how to keep the ice sheets from melting.
8.What can we infer from the research team’s investigation？
A.Greenland’s and Antarctica’s ice sheets melt very fast every year.
B.The temperature in Antarctica is high.
C.The higher the temperature is， the faster the ice sheets will melt.
D.Stopping the sea level rise lies in the reduction of carbon emissions.
C
You’ve probably eaten a hot dog and felt like the underdog — but have you ever spotted a sundog？
A sundog is a weather event that causes two bright bursts of rainbow colored light to appear on either side of the sun.It is located approximately 22 degrees either left， right， or both， from the sun， depending on where the ice crystals （冰晶体） are.If the sun were a clock， you would see them around 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock.Sometimes sundogs appear with a halo （光环） around the sun.They can be very beautiful， with a reddish glow closest to the sun and a bluish white center.Sundogs can be seen during any season but are most often seen during the winter months when the sun is lower in the sky.You are also more likely to see them early or late in the day， when the sun is near the horizon （地平线）.The most brilliant sundogs happen on sunny days.
Conditions need to be just right for sundogs to appear.Sunlight passes through high， cold cirrus clouds （卷云）.These clouds contain flat， 6-sided ice crystals.If the plate-like crystals go towards the ground horizontally with the large face towards the Earth， light is reflected through the sides.The crystals act as prisms （棱镜）， separating the light and making the sundog.
Throughout history， sundogs have been used to predict weather because they often indicate that snow or rain is on its way.Some people believed that sundogs were a sign of good luck or encouragement， while others saw them as a warning from God.
Famous authors such as William Shakespeare and Jack London have described sundogs in stories and poems as both frightening and amazing.Artists have been inspired to catch the beauty of sundogs in drawings， paintings， and photography， and rock bands have even written songs about them.
9.What can we learn about sundogs from the second paragraph？
A.Sundogs can be used to tell the time.
B.Sundogs are most common in winter.
C.Sundogs always come after a rainbow.
D.Sundogs predict the coming of sunny days.
10.In which situation will sundogs come into being？
A.The clouds separate the sunlight.
B.The plate turns its face towards the Earth.
C.The crystals go toward the ground horizontally.
D.Ice crystals are positioned with their flat sides horizontal to the ground.
11.Why do people use sundogs to predict weather？
A.Because people think they stand for bad luck.
B.Because sundogs are beyond their recognition.
C.Because a rain or snow often comes after them.
D.Because people consider it as a warning from God.
12.Why does the author mention William Shakespeare and Jack London？
A.To prove sundogs are magical events.
B.To show sundogs have long attracted great attention.
C.To encourage writers to describe sundogs in their works.
D.To remind people that they are good at writing stories and poems.
Ⅱ.完形填空
In a series of original stories created with the wildlife charity WWF to tie in with Sir David Frederick Attenborough’s new documentary （纪录片）， we look at the extremely important task of saving our oceans and forests.
Oceans and forests play a vital part in 13 life on Earth， and Attenborough says more can be done to 14 them.
Forests are home to more than 80％ of Earth’s biodiversity on 15 .Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat.Forests 16 play a large role in 17 carbon dioxide （CO2）， a gas that 18 climate change， from the atmosphere.
Oceans are 19 important.They cover around 70％ of the 20 and provide more than half the atmosphere’s oxygen， which we need to 21 .The seas are home to millions of animals and plants and are a very rich source of 22 for humans.
There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.Some of these include 23 or cycling instead of using a car； eating fish with healthy population numbers； not buying products that have a 24 effect on rainforests， such as palm oil； and 25 less meat.
Attenborough said that getting younger people to get involved with these problems is 26 .“If they aren’t 27 that the natural world is important， we’re wasting our time，” he said.
The documentary， David Attenborough： A Life on Our Planet， is on Netflix.
13.A.facing B.loving
C.rescuing D.supporting
14.A.repair B.improve
C.protect D.build
15.A.decks B.land
C.islands D.bushes
16.A.also B.ever
C.maybe D.otherwise
17.A.preventing B.removing
C.discouraging D.defending
18.A.stops B.controls
C.limits D.causes
19.A.generally B.especially
C.equally D.frequently
20.A.planet B.satellite
C.water D.soil
21.A.form B.exchange
C.fire D.breathe
22.A.life B.travel
C.food D.exercise
23.A.cleaning B.walking
C.waiting D.jumping
24.A.negative B.great
C.positive D.wonderful
25.A.using B.making
C.eating D.producing
26.A.potential B.initial
C.lucky D.key
27.A.persuaded B.advised
C.urged D.declared
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.had collected 2.had purchased 3.had been delivered
4.had explained 5.had planned 6.had been 7.had won
8.had； begun 9.had travelled 10.had hoped
维度二
1.had been criticized
2.had discovered
3.had dropped out of school
4.had visited
5.have known
6.had done a good job
7.had left his homework at home
8.had come back
9.had intended to borrow
10.had finished my homework
维度三
1.had； seen 2.had saved 3.booked 4.had； been
5.spent 6.got 7.had studied 8.had toured 9.were
10.visited
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蓝洞的定义、结构、危险性以及冒险家和科学家探索蓝洞的原因。
1.A 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，本段主要解释了蓝洞的定义。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A layer of fresh rainwater ...the two layers meet.可知，颜色鲜艳的细菌生活在淡水层和盐水层相遇的地方，即淡水层和盐水层接触的地方。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，天体生物学家Kevin Hand认为蓝洞里的细菌可能与木卫二可能存在的生命形式相似，对蓝洞的研究可以帮助探索宇宙中适合人类居住的环境。由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“蓝洞甚至可以提供有关宇宙生命的研究的线索”。astrobiology意为“对宇宙生命的研究”。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Near the top of the blue hole ...large amounts — death.和Additionally， divers ...very dark inside.可知，蓝洞有毒且黑暗。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，如果不对全球的碳排放量采取措施，到2100年，冰盖大量融化，将导致海平面上升38厘米。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，温室气体的不断排放导致了格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰盖融化，使得全球海平面上升。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在最温暖的气候条件下，南极洲冰盖融化将导致海平面上升18厘米。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，冰盖的融化量与气候有关，地球气温的升高必将导致全球冰盖融化，而全球气温的升高与温室气体排放物的增加有关，因此这项关于全球冰盖融化的研究加强了人们对气候变化的意识。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第四段研究人员对全球冰盖的调查可知，碳排放量增加使海平面升高，由此可推知，阻止海平面升高的措施是减少碳排放。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种罕见的大气光学现象——幻日，并介绍了它的形成原理和形成条件等。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Sundogs can be seen ...lower in the sky.可知，幻日在任何季节都会出现，但在冬季是最常见的。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的If the plate-like crystals ...and making the sundog.可知，冰晶垂直向下，平坦的侧面与地面平行，此时晶体充当棱镜，反射太阳光线，从而产生幻日现象。由此可知，冰晶的侧面与地面平行是形成幻日的条件。
11.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，历史上人们用幻日预测天气，是因为它们的出现预示着要下雨或下雪，也就是雨或雪就在幻日之后出现。
12.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，威廉·莎士比亚与杰克·伦敦（分别是十六世纪和十九世纪的作家）的作品中都有关于幻日的描述。由此可知，幻日现象由来已久，所以，文章提到他们是为了说明幻日现象长期以来被人们关注。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋和森林的重要性以及保护它们的方法和意义等。
13.D 根据第三段中的Forests are home to more than 80％ of Earth’s biodiversity以及第四段中的Oceans are 19 important.可知，海洋和森林在维持地球上的生命方面起着极其重要的作用。support意为“维持，养活”，符合语境。
14.C 根据第一段中的we look at the extremely important task of saving our oceans and forests以及第五段中的There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.可知，此处表示“可以做更多来保护它们”。
15.B 森林是在陆地上的，所以此处表示“森林是地球80％以上陆地生物多样性的家园”。
16.A 上文提及森林是地球80％以上陆地生物多样性的家园，而此处提及森林在移除大气中的二氧化碳方面起到重要作用。这两个方面指的都是森林的作用，因此上下文之间为递进关系。
17.B 根据生活常识可知，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。因此是从大气中移除二氧化碳。短语remove ...from ... 意为“从……中移除……”。
18.D 根据生活常识可知，二氧化碳是造成气候变化的主要原因。cause意为“引起，造成”。
19.C 根据第二段中的Oceans and forests play a vital part in 13 life on Earth以及第三段中提到的森林的重要性可知，此处指的是海洋是同样（equally）重要的。
20.A 根据生活常识可知，海洋覆盖了地球表面的70％左右。the planet表示“地球”。
21.D 根据上文的half the atmosphere’s oxygen可知，氧气是我们呼吸所需要的。
22.C 根据第五段中的eating fish with healthy population numbers可知，我们吃鱼。由此推断出海洋是数百万动植物的家园并且也是人类丰富的食物的来源。
23.B 根据下文的or cycling instead of using a car可知，保护森林和海洋的一种方法是骑自行车而不是用汽车，这属于交通方式，因此walking（步行）符合语境。
24.A 根据上文的There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.可知，保护森林和海洋的一种方法是不买对雨林有消极影响的产品。
25.C 根据上文的eating fish with healthy population numbers可知，此处指的是少吃肉。
26.D 根据第一段中的we look at the extremely important task of saving our oceans and forests可知，此处表示让年轻人关注这些问题是至关重要的。key作形容词时意为“至关重要的；主要的；关键的”。
27.A 上文提及让年轻人关注这些问题是至关重要的；又根据下文的we’re wasting our time可知，如果年轻人不相信自然界是重要的话，我们就是在浪费时间。persuade意为“使相信”。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
过去完成时
1.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.
2.What’s more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting ...
3.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
4.At that time， people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time， and had not changed since.
5.Over time， it had slowly evolved into many new species.
【我的发现】
1.例句1－5都使用了 时。
2.例句3中，After引导时间状语从句，主句用 时，从句用 时。
3.过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，其构成为“ ”。
一、基本用法
过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词”，主要用法如下：
1.表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last week， they had finished the work.
到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。
When Jack arrived， he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
【点津】 过去完成时常常用在宾语从句中，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作（过去时）之前。
She said that she had finished her homework.
她说她已经完成家庭作业了。
2.某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope， expect， suppose， think， want， wish等。
They had wanted to help but couldn’t get here in time.
他们本来想帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card， but I forgot to do so.
我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。
【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①He （overcome） the difficulties with his English by the time he went abroad.
②When rescue personnel arrived， the two （freeze） to death.
③By the time he was twelve years old， he （finish） junior high school.
④By the end of last month， China （build） 1.7 million 5G base stations.
⑤He （intend） to help me， but he was ill.
二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
1.在no sooner ...than， hardly ...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一……就；刚……就”。
I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.
我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.
他刚冲出去，房子就塌了。
2.在it was the first time that ...句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①It was the second time that we those outstanding scientists.
这是我们第二次和那些杰出的科学家合作。
②No sooner the station than the train was off.
我们一到车站，火车就开了。
③ when I set about reading it.
我一把书拿回家就开始阅读。
三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
I had been waiting at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公交车最终到来的时候，我已经在车站等了30分钟。
He once worked as a teacher for 5 years， but now he is a successful manager.
他曾经做过5年的教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。
【即时演练3】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I got up at 8：00 this morning， and I （sleep） for more than ten hours.
②For days， he could not sleep， and （pace） up and down in the sitting-room.
③All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor， her nervousness （grow）.
④I （hope） to meet Mr Thompson this morning but I found nobody left in the room when I came.
characteristic n.特征，特性 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的
【教材原句】 Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性易于控制。
【用法】
（1）It is characteristic of sb to do sth
做某事是某人的特点
（2）character n. 品质；特征；（小说、戏剧中的）人物；（汉）字，字体；性格
in character 符合某人的性格
out of character 不符合某人的性格
【佳句】 One may only have a character， but may have many characteristics.
一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is （character） of him to keep a positive attitude in the face of difficulties.
② for John to put his work first.
把工作放在第一位，这完全符合约翰的性格。
【写美】 翻译句子
③我不相信她会对我撒谎——这不符合她的性格。
blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.过失；责备
【教材原句】 The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
【用法】
（1）blame sb/sth for sth 因某事而责备某人/物
blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame （for ...） （因为……）应受指责
（2）take the blame for ... 为……承担责任
lay/put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人
【助记】 He was blamed for the accident， but he blamed it on others.In fact， it is he， not others， that is to blame for/takes the blame for it.
他因这起事故受到了责备，但他把此次事故归咎于别人。事实上，是他该为此承担责任，而不是别人。
【点津】 （1）be to blame for sth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”， 其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
（2）blame后跟介词on时，on后为应该受责怪的对象，后接介词for时，for后为应该受责怪的原因。
【练透】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①It was the professor rather than his two assistants was （blame） for what had happened.
②Don’t always blame your own failure others.Sometimes you should bear the blame failure.
③Once you form the habit of blaming somebody else for a bad situation， you’re a failure.
→Once you form the habit of somebody else， you’re a failure.
【写美】 补全句子
④The woman passenger and the bus driver should the serious accident.（blame n.）
女乘客和公交车司机都应对这次严重事故负责。
⑤Don’t that vase； after all， he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
decline v.减少；衰退；谢绝 n.下降；衰退
【教材原句】 After goats in particular had been brought to the island， the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.尤其是山羊被引进岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
【用法】
（1）decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
decline to 下降/减少到
decline by 下降/减少了
（2）decline in/of sth 在某方面减少/下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
【佳句】 The infectious disease has discouraged people from hanging out， which may account for the decline in consumer flows at the supermarket.
传染病阻止了人们外出，这可能是超市客流量减少的原因。
【点津】 decline表示减少的幅度时常用介词by， 表示减少的结果时常用介词to。
【联想】 常见的表示“减少”的单词或短语有fall， drop， decrease， go down等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The number of tourists to the resort has declined 10％ in the past ten years.
②When asked for comment， the official declined （say） anything about the matter.
③Since the smoking ban came into effect， smoking has been the decline.
④According to a recent survey， the number of students attending the College Entrance Examination will decline 6 million by the year 2040.
【写美】 补全句子
⑤I offered to give them a lift，but they .
我提议他们搭便车，但他们婉言谢绝了。
be native to 源于……的，原产于……
【教材原句】 The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to several species of giant tortoise that are native to the Gal pagos Islands.
圣克鲁斯巨型陆龟保护区是原产于加拉帕戈斯群岛的多种巨型陆龟的家园。
【用法】
（1）one’s native country 某人的祖国
one’s native land 某人的故乡
one’s native language 某人的母语
（2）be a native of ... 是……的本地人；生长于……的动物或植物
【佳句】 Blueberries are native to North America， which is a common knowledge not familiar to a lot of people.
蓝莓原产于北美，这是一个许多人不熟悉的常识。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She also wrote a book to help people learn what plants are native their area.
②He must eastern coastal China.
他一定是中国东部沿海的本地人。
【写美】 翻译句子
③事实上，法语不是我的母语。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.过去完成 2.一般过去 过去完成 3.had＋过去分词
即时演练1
①had overcome ②had （been） frozen ③had finished ④had built ⑤had intended
即时演练2
①had cooperated with ②had we reached
③Hardly had I taken the book home
即时演练3
①had slept ②paced ③grew ④had hoped
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①characteristic ②It was entirely in character ③I can’t believe she lied to me — it seems so out of character.
2.①to blame ②on； for
③laying/putting the blame for a bad situation on
④take the blame for ⑤blame him for breaking
3.①by ②to say ③on ④to ⑤declined with thanks
4.①to ②be a native of
③As a matter of fact， French is not my native language.
5 / 5(共86张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
过去完成时
1. It was a young man who had left medical school without completing
his degree.
2. What’s more，he had recently received a letter from his father
predicting ...
3. After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on
the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had
collected.
4. At that time， people believed that all species had appeared on
Earth at the same time， and had not changed since.
5. Over time， it had slowly evolved into many new species.
【我的发现】
1. 例句1－5都使用了 时。
2. 例句3中，After引导时间状语从句，主句用 时，从句
用 时。
3. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状
态，其构成为“ ”。
过去完成
一般过去
过去完成
had＋过去分词
一、基本用法
过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词”，主要用法如下：
1. 表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，
即“过去的过去”。
By the end of last week， they had finished the work.
到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。
When Jack arrived， he learned Mary had been away for almost an
hour.
当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。
【点津】 过去完成时常常用在宾语从句中，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作（过去时）之前。
She said that she had finished her homework.
她说她已经完成家庭作业了。
2. 某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用
的动词有hope， expect， suppose， think， want， wish等。
They had wanted to help but couldn’t get here in time.
他们本来想帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card， but I forgot to do so.
我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。
【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①He （overcome） the difficulties with his English
by the time he went abroad.
②When rescue personnel arrived， the two
（freeze） to death.
③By the time he was twelve years old， he
（finish） junior high school.
④By the end of last month， China （build） 1.7
million 5G base stations.
⑤He （intend） to help me， but he was ill.
had overcome
had （been） frozen
had finished
had built
had intended
二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
1. 在no sooner ...than， hardly ...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，
意为“一……就；刚……就”。
I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.
我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.
他刚冲出去，房子就塌了。
2. 在it was the first time that ...句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。
【即时演练2】 补全句子
①It was the second time that we those
outstanding scientists.
这是我们第二次和那些杰出的科学家合作。
②No sooner the station than the train was off.
我们一到车站，火车就开了。
③ when I set about reading it.
我一把书拿回家就开始阅读。
had cooperated with
had we reached
Hardly had I taken the book home
三、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生
在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。
I had been waiting at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally
came.
当公交车最终到来的时候，我已经在车站等了30分钟。
He once worked as a teacher for 5 years， but now he is a successful
manager.
他曾经做过5年的教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。
【即时演练3】 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I got up at 8：00 this morning， and I （sleep） for
more than ten hours.
②For days， he could not sleep， and （pace） up and
down in the sitting-room.
③All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor，
her nervousness （grow）.
④I （hope） to meet Mr Thompson this morning but I
found nobody left in the room when I came.
had slept
paced
grew
had hoped
2
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
characteristic n.特征，特性 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的
【教材原句】 Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their
characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性易于控制。
（1）It is characteristic of sb to do sth 做某事是某人的特点
（2）character n. 品质；特征；（小说、戏剧中的）人物；
（汉）字，字体；性格
in character 符合某人的性格
out of character 不符合某人的性格
【用法】
【佳句】 One may only have a character， but may have many
characteristics.
一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特征或特点。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is （character） of him to keep a positive
attitude in the face of difficulties.
② for John to put his work first.
把工作放在第一位，这完全符合约翰的性格。
characteristic
It was entirely in character
【写美】 翻译句子
③我不相信她会对我撒谎——这不符合她的性格。
I can’t believe she lied to me — it seems so out of character.
blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.过失；责备
【教材原句】 The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed
on humans.平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
【用法】
（1）blame sb/sth for sth 因某事而责备某人/物
blame sth on sb 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame （for ...） （因为……）应受指责
（2）take the blame for ... 为……承担责任
lay/put the blame on sb 把责任归咎于某人
【助记】 He was blamed for the accident， but he blamed it on
others.In fact， it is he， not others， that is to blame for/takes the
blame for it.他因这起事故受到了责备，但他把此次事故归咎于别
人。事实上，是他该为此承担责任，而不是别人。
【点津】 （1）be to blame for sth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，
其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
（2）blame后跟介词on时，on后为应该受责怪的对象，后接介词for
时，for后为应该受责怪的原因。
【练透】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①It was the professor rather than his two assistants was
（blame） for what had happened.
②Don’t always blame your own failure others.Sometimes you
should bear the blame failure.
③Once you form the habit of blaming somebody else for a bad
situation， you’re a failure.
to blame
on
for
→Once you form the habit of
somebody else， you’re a failure.
【写美】 补全句子
④The woman passenger and the bus driver should
the serious accident.（blame n.）
女乘客和公交车司机都应对这次严重事故负责。
⑤Don’t that vase； after all， he is a
child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
laying/putting the blame for a bad
situation on
take the blame
for
blame him for breaking
decline v.减少；衰退；谢绝 n.下降；衰退
【教材原句】 After goats in particular had been brought to the
island， the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.尤其是山羊被引
进岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
【用法】
（1）decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
decline to 下降/减少到
decline by 下降/减少了
（2）decline in/of sth 在某方面减少/下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
【佳句】 The infectious disease has discouraged people from
hanging out， which may account for the decline in consumer flows at
the supermarket.
传染病阻止了人们外出，这可能是超市客流量减少的原因。
【点津】 decline表示减少的幅度时常用介词by， 表示减少的结果
时常用介词to。
【联想】 常见的表示“减少”的单词或短语有fall， drop，
decrease， go down等。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The number of tourists to the resort has declined 10％ in the
past ten years.
②When asked for comment， the official declined （say）
anything about the matter.
③Since the smoking ban came into effect， smoking has been
the decline.
④According to a recent survey， the number of students attending the
College Entrance Examination will decline 6 million by the year
2040.
by
to say
on
to
【写美】 补全句子
⑤I offered to give them a lift，but they .我提
议他们搭便车，但他们婉言谢绝了。
declined with thanks
be native to 源于……的，原产于……
【教材原句】 The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to
several species of giant tortoise that are native to the Gal pagos
Islands.圣克鲁斯巨型陆龟保护区是原产于加拉帕戈斯群岛的多种巨
型陆龟的家园。
（1）one’s native country 某人的祖国
one’s native land 某人的故乡
one’s native language 某人的母语
（2）be a native of ... 是……的本地人；生长于……的动物或植
物
【用法】
【佳句】 Blueberries are native to North America， which is a
common knowledge not familiar to a lot of people.
蓝莓原产于北美，这是一个许多人不熟悉的常识。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She also wrote a book to help people learn what plants are
native their area.
②He must eastern coastal China.
他一定是中国东部沿海的本地人。
to
be a native of
【写美】 翻译句子
③事实上，法语不是我的母语。
As a matter of fact， French is not my native language.
3
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的正确时态填空
1. By the time Henry was 12 years old， he
（collect） more than a thousand stamps.
2. Tony （purchase） a plane ticket for me in
advance online before I set off for the airport.
had collected
had purchased
3. It was the first time that China’s lecture
（deliver） from the orbiting Chinese Space Station.
4. Though I （explain） the text three times， the
boy still couldn’t understand it.
5. The shy boy （plan） to drop out of school
because of loneliness and sadness at the new place， but a small talk
with the headmaster helped him out.
6. I wish I （be） present at my sister’s wedding last
Tuesday， but I was on a business trip in New York then.
had been delivered
had explained
had planned
had been
7. It was the third time that he （win） the gold medal in
the Olympic Games.
8. Hardly he （begin） his speech when the
audience interrupted him.
9. The old man told us that he （travel） to many
places.
10. I （hope） to take a holiday this year but I was not
able to get away.
had won
had
begun
had travelled
had hoped
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. It was the first time that I in public.
那是我第一次被当众批评。
2. By about 6000 BC， people the best crops to
grow and animals to raise.
大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜
饲养的牲畜。
had been criticized
had discovered
3. When I met him again that day， he told me that he
.
那天，当我再次见到他时，他告诉我他已经辍学了。
4. It was the second time that she London.
这是她第二次访问伦敦。
5. His parents look sad. Maybe they what happened
to him.
他的父母看起来很伤心。也许他们知道他出了什么事。
had dropped
out of school
had visited
have known
6. I knew I and was looking forward to
getting a positive comment.
我知道自己做得很好并且期待得到一个积极的评价。
7. When he got to school， he realized that he
.
当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。
8. She told me that she an hour before.
她告诉我她一个小时前回来的。
had done a good job
had left his homework
at home
had come back
9. I some books from the library， only to
find it was being repaired.
我原本想从图书馆借一些书，结果却发现它正在维修中。
10. I when my parents arrived home
last night.
昨晚当我父母到家的时候我已经完成了家庭作业。
had intended to borrow
had finished my homework
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给动词的正确时态完成下面短文
I 1. never （see） such beautiful sights before I
visited Paris in 2012.I 2. （save） money for 5 years
before I 3. （book） my trip to Paris.I was very excited！
Before my trip to Paris， I 4. never （be） out of
the United States.
had
seen
had saved
booked
had
been
When I went to Paris， I 5. （spend） many days
touring the city.The city was big.Sometimes I 6. （get） lost
and asked for directions.I asked for directions in French.That was easy
because I 7. （study） French for 2 years before I
visited Paris.
spent
got
had studied
By the time I left Paris， I 8. （tour） many
beautiful places.The Eiffel Tower， Notre Dame Cathedral， and
Luxembourg Gardens 9. （be） just a few of the places I
saw.Before I 10. （visit） Paris， I had only seen those
places on television.
had toured
were
visited
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A blue hole is a special kind of underwater cave found inland or in
the sea， which forms when the earth above a cave falls in and water
fills the space.
An inland blue hole’s water is very still and has different layers.A
layer of fresh rainwater floats on top of salt water； the fresh water
keeps oxygen from the atmosphere from reaching the salt water；
brightly colored bacteria live where the two layers meet.
Diving into blue holes is very dangerous.Near the top of the blue
hole， there is a layer of toxic gas， which causes itching，
headache， and — in large amounts — death.Divers must also be
fast.They have to get in and out of a cave before their oxygen runs
out.Additionally， divers have to follow a guideline as they swim
through a blue hole because it is very dark inside.Without the
guideline， they may get lost.
Since the blue holes are so dangerous， why do explorers and
scientists risk their lives to explore them？ The reason is that these
underwater caves can provide valuable scientific information.They
provide clues about geology， archaeology， and biology.For
example， some blue hole creatures probably haven’t changed for
millions of years.
The blue holes could even provide clues about astrobiology.For
example， divers have found bacteria there that can live without
oxygen.Astrobiologist Kevin Hand says the bacteria may be similar to
forms of life that might exist on Jupiter’s fourth largest moon，
Europa.“Our study of life’s extremes on Earth，” he says， “can help
increase our understanding of habitable environments off Earth.”
In addition， the oxygen-free environment of the blue holes
preserves bones of humans and animals that fell into the caves long
ago.By studying blue holes， we can understand what life was like in
prehistoric times.As cave diver Kenny Broad says， “I can think of no
other environment on Earth that is so challenging to explore and gives
us back so much scientifically.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蓝洞的定义、结
构、危险性以及冒险家和科学家探索蓝洞的原因。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蓝洞的定义、结
构、危险性以及冒险家和科学家探索蓝洞的原因。
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. The definition of a blue hole.
B. The location of a blue hole.
C. The formation of a blue hole.
D. The structure of a blue hole.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，本段主要解释了蓝
洞的定义。
2. Where can bright-colored bacteria be found？
A. In the saltwater layer.
B. In the freshwater layer.
C. In between the freshwater and saltwater layers.
D. In both of the freshwater and saltwater layers.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的A layer of fresh
rainwater ...the two layers meet.可知，颜色鲜艳的细菌生活在淡水
层和盐水层相遇的地方，即淡水层和盐水层接触的地方。
3. What does the underlined word “astrobiology” in Paragraph 5
mean？
A. The study of life on Earth.
B. The study of life in the universe.
C. The study of life in prehistoric times.
D. The study of life in oxygen-free environment.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，天体生物学家
Kevin Hand认为蓝洞里的细菌可能与木卫二可能存在的生命形式相
似，对蓝洞的研究可以帮助探索宇宙中适合人类居住的环境。由此
可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“蓝洞甚至可以提供有关宇宙生
命的研究的线索”。astrobiology意为“对宇宙生命的研究”。
4. Which of the following can best describe blue holes？
A. They’re oxygen-free and lifeless.
B. They’re free of air and light.
C. They’re death zones and mysterious.
D. They’re poisonous and dark.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Near the top of the blue
hole ...large amounts — death.和Additionally， divers ...very dark
inside.可知，蓝洞有毒且黑暗。
B
Melting ice sheets could add a huge 38 cm to the global sea level
rise by 2100， NASA warned.
In a new study called the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison
Project （ISMIP）， more than 60 experts generated estimates of how
much of an impact Earth’s melting ice sheets could have on global sea
level by 2100.Worryingly， the results indicate that if greenhouse gas
emissions （排放物） continue to rise， Greenland’s and Antarctica’s
ice sheets could contribute to more than 38 cm of the global sea level
rise.
Sophie Nowicki， an ice scientist who led the study， said， “One
of the biggest uncertainties， when it comes to how much sea level will
rise in the future， is how much the ice sheets will contribute.And how
much the ice sheets contribute is really dependent on what the climate
will do.”
In the study， the team investigated two different situations for
the Greenland ice sheet — one with carbon emissions increasing
rapidly， and the other with lower emissions.In the high-emission
situation， they found that the Greenland ice sheet would lead to an
additional sea level rise of about 9 cm by 2100.Meanwhile， in the
lower-emission situation， the loss from the ice sheet would increase
global sea level by about 3 cm.The team also analyzed Antarctica’s ice
sheet to understand how ice melted from climate change would add to
the sea level rise.The results suggest that in the warmest conditions，
the loss of ice in Antarctica could contribute to 18 cm of the sea level
rise.
Helene Seroussi， another ice scientist， said，“The Amundsen
Sea region in West Antarctica and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica are
the two regions most sensitive to warming ocean temperatures and
changing currents， and will continue to lose large amounts of
ice.With these new results， we can focus our efforts on the correct
direction and know what needs to be worked on to continue improving
the predictions.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，如果不对全球的碳排放
量采取措施，到2100年，冰盖大量融化，将导致海平面上升38厘。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，如果不对全球的碳排放
量采取措施，到2100年，冰盖大量融化，将导致海平面上升38厘米。
5. What has a direct impact on the rise of global sea level？
A. The sensitivity of Antarctica.
B. The direction of the currents.
C. The temperature of the earth.
D. The greenhouse gas emissions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，温室气体的
不断排放导致了格陵兰岛和南极洲的冰盖融化，使得全球海平
面上升。
6. How much of the sea level rise could Antarctica contribute to by
2100？
A. 18 cm. B. 28 cm.
C. 9 cm. D. 3 cm.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，在最温暖的气
候条件下，南极洲冰盖融化将导致海平面上升18厘米。
7. What is the importance of the research？
A. It helps countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
B. It raises people’s awareness of climate change.
C. It shows the amount of ice that will melt in the future.
D. It tells people how to keep the ice sheets from melting.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，冰盖的融化量与气
候有关，地球气温的升高必将导致全球冰盖融化，而全球气温的升
高与温室气体排放物的增加有关，因此这项关于全球冰盖融化的研
究加强了人们对气候变化的意识。
8. What can we infer from the research team’s investigation？
A. Greenland’s and Antarctica’s ice sheets melt very fast every year.
B. The temperature in Antarctica is high.
C. The higher the temperature is， the faster the ice sheets will melt.
D. Stopping the sea level rise lies in the reduction of carbon emissions.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段研究人员对全球冰盖的调查可
知，碳排放量增加使海平面升高，由此可推知，阻止海平面升高的
措施是减少碳排放。
C
You’ve probably eaten a hot dog and felt like the underdog — but
have you ever spotted a sundog？
A sundog is a weather event that causes two bright bursts of
rainbow colored light to appear on either side of the sun.It is located
approximately 22 degrees either left， right， or both， from the
sun， depending on where the ice crystals （冰晶体） are.If the sun
were a clock， you would see them around 3 o’clock and 9
o’clock.Sometimes sundogs appear with a halo （光环） around the
sun.They can be very beautiful，
with a reddish glow closest to the sun and a bluish white
center.Sundogs can be seen during any season but are most often seen
during the winter months when the sun is lower in the sky.You are also
more likely to see them early or late in the day， when the sun is near
the horizon （地平线）.The most brilliant sundogs happen on sunny
days.
Conditions need to be just right for sundogs to appear.Sunlight
passes through high， cold cirrus clouds （卷云）.These clouds
contain flat， 6-sided ice crystals.If the plate-like crystals go towards
the ground horizontally with the large face towards the Earth， light
is reflected through the sides.The crystals act as prisms （棱镜），
separating the light and making the sundog.
Throughout history， sundogs have been used to predict weather
because they often indicate that snow or rain is on its way.Some people
believed that sundogs were a sign of good luck or encouragement，
while others saw them as a warning from God.
Famous authors such as William Shakespeare and Jack London
have described sundogs in stories and poems as both frightening and
amazing.Artists have been inspired to catch the beauty of sundogs in
drawings， paintings， and photography， and rock bands have even
written songs about them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种罕见的大气光
学现象——幻日，并介绍了它的形成原理和形成条件等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种罕见的大气光
学现象——幻日，并介绍了它的形成原理和形成条件等。
9. What can we learn about sundogs from the second paragraph？
A. Sundogs can be used to tell the time.
B. Sundogs are most common in winter.
C. Sundogs always come after a rainbow.
D. Sundogs predict the coming of sunny days.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Sundogs can be
seen ...lower in the sky.可知，幻日在任何季节都会出现，但在冬季
是最常见的。
10. In which situation will sundogs come into being？
A. The clouds separate the sunlight.
B. The plate turns its face towards the Earth.
C. The crystals go toward the ground horizontally.
D. Ice crystals are positioned with their flat sides horizontal to the
ground.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的If the plate-like
crystals ...and making the sundog.可知，冰晶垂直向下，平坦的侧
面与地面平行，此时晶体充当棱镜，反射太阳光线，从而产生幻
日现象。由此可知，冰晶的侧面与地面平行是形成幻日的条件。
11. Why do people use sundogs to predict weather？
A. Because people think they stand for bad luck.
B. Because sundogs are beyond their recognition.
C. Because a rain or snow often comes after them.
D. Because people consider it as a warning from God.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，历史上人
们用幻日预测天气，是因为它们的出现预示着要下雨或下雪，也
就是雨或雪就在幻日之后出现。
12. Why does the author mention William Shakespeare and Jack
London？
A. To prove sundogs are magical events.
B. To show sundogs have long attracted great attention.
C. To encourage writers to describe sundogs in their works.
D. To remind people that they are good at writing stories and poems.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，威廉·莎士比
亚与杰克·伦敦（分别是十六世纪和十九世纪的作家）的作品中都
有关于幻日的描述。由此可知，幻日现象由来已久，所以，文章
提到他们是为了说明幻日现象长期以来被人们关注。
Ⅱ.完形填空
In a series of original stories created with the wildlife charity
WWF to tie in with Sir David Frederick Attenborough’s new
documentary （纪录片）， we look at the extremely important task of
saving our oceans and forests.
Oceans and forests play a vital part in 13 life on Earth， and
Attenborough says more can be done to 14 them.
Forests are home to more than 80％ of Earth’s biodiversity
on 15 .Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the
world or in a particular habitat.Forests 16 play a large role
in 17 carbon dioxide （CO2）， a gas that 18 climate
change， from the atmosphere.
Oceans are 19 important.They cover around 70％ of
the 20 and provide more than half the atmosphere’s oxygen，
which we need to 21 .The seas are home to millions of animals and
plants and are a very rich source of 22 for humans.
There are ways to protect the forests and oceans.Some of these
include 23 or cycling instead of using a car； eating fish with
healthy population numbers； not buying products that have
a 24 effect on rainforests， such as palm oil； and 25 less
meat.
Attenborough said that getting younger people to get involved
with these problems is 26 .“If they aren’t 27 that the natural
world is important， we’re wasting our time，” he said.
The documentary， David Attenborough： A Life on Our Planet，
is on Netflix.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋和森林的重要性以
及保护它们的方法和意义等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋和森林的重要性以
及保护它们的方法和意义等。
13. A. facing B. loving
C. rescuing D. supporting
解析： 根据第三段中的Forests are home to more than 80％ of
Earth’s biodiversity以及第四段中的Oceans are important.
可知，海洋和森林在维持地球上的生命方面起着极其重要的作
用。support意为“维持，养活”，符合语境。
14. A. repair B. improve
C. protect D. build
解析： 根据第一段中的we look at the extremely important task
of saving our oceans and forests以及第五段中的There are ways to
protect the forests and oceans.可知，此处表示“可以做更多来保护
它们”。
15. A. decks B. land C. islands D. bushes
解析： 森林是在陆地上的，所以此处表示“森林是地球80％以
上陆地生物多样性的家园”。
16. A. also B. ever
C. maybe D. otherwise
解析： 上文提及森林是地球80％以上陆地生物多样性的家
园，而此处提及森林在移除大气中的二氧化碳方面起到重要作
用。这两个方面指的都是森林的作用，因此上下文之间为递进
关系。
17. A. preventing B. removing
C. discouraging D. defending
解析： 根据生活常识可知，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。因
此是从大气中移除二氧化碳。短语remove ...from ... 意为“从……
中移除……”。
18. A. stops B. controls
C. limits D. causes
解析： 根据生活常识可知，二氧化碳是造成气候变化的主要
原因。cause意为“引起，造成”。
19. A. generally B. especially
C. equally D. frequently
解析： 根据第二段中的Oceans and forests play a vital part
in 13 life on Earth以及第三段中提到的森林的重要性可知，
此处指的是海洋是同样（equally）重要的。
20. A. planet B. satellite C. water D. soil
解析： 根据生活常识可知，海洋覆盖了地球表面的70％左
右。the planet表示“地球”。
21. A. form B. exchange
C. fire D. breathe
解析： 根据上文的half the atmosphere’s oxygen可知，氧气是
我们呼吸所需要的。
22. A. life B. travel C. food D. exercise
解析： 根据第五段中的eating fish with healthy population
numbers可知，我们吃鱼。由此推断出海洋是数百万动植物的家
园并且也是人类丰富的食物的来源。
23. A. cleaning B. walking
C. waiting D. jumping
解析： 根据下文的or cycling instead of using a car可知，保护
森林和海洋的一种方法是骑自行车而不是用汽车，这属于交通方
式，因此walking（步行）符合语境。
24. A. negative B. great
C. positive D. wonderful
解析： 根据上文的There are ways to protect the forests and
oceans.可知，保护森林和海洋的一种方法是不买对雨林有消极影
响的产品。
25. A. using B. making
C. eating D. producing
解析： 根据上文的eating fish with healthy population numbers
可知，此处指的是少吃肉。
26. A. potential B. initial C. lucky D. key
解析： 根据第一段中的we look at the extremely important task
of saving our oceans and forests可知，此处表示让年轻人关注这些
问题是至关重要的。key作形容词时意为“至关重要的；主要的；
关键的”。
27. A. persuaded B. advised
C. urged D. declared
解析： 上文提及让年轻人关注这些问题是至关重要的；又根
据下文的we’re wasting our time可知，如果年轻人不相信自然界
是重要的话，我们就是在浪费时间。persuade意为“使相信”。
谢谢观看！
