Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.Firm more soil over the （根） and water thoroughly.
2.A （神话） is an account of the deeds of supernatural beings， usually expressed in terms of primary thought.
3.There are many wonderful （传说） about this famous hero.
4.Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 （厘米） to 14 metres.
5.Asia and Europe， being two different areas， are （连接） together by mountains and rivers.
6.The monster often gets angry and will （攻击） anyone who goes close to it.
7.It is tough to climb Mount Everest.You can never imagine what difficulty you have （呼吸） there.
8.Last year， the most-read children’s books at least in UK were almost all f novels.
9.Some former hostages contradicted the official v of events.
10.Dogs can d sounds beyond humans’ hearing limit.
维度二：词形转换
1.Therefore， I wonder if you are interested to go with us， during which we can have a feast of （amaze） Chinese culture.
2. （surprise）， Sadie dialed the emergency number 911 and saved his mother’s life.
3.Trees need water to grow； （similar）， friendship needs our sincerity to develop.
4.Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running， research shows， while most likely contributing to fewer （injure）.
5.It is our （believe） that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.
6.At the sight of his （appear） on the stage， the hall rang with thunderous applause.
7.Secondly， you’d better make more friends through face-to-face （communicate）.
8.My friends were green with envy when I gave a talent show at our school’s （culture） art festival.
9.Early （detect） of cancers can greatly increase the chances of cure even if you don’t have any symptoms yet.
10.We were about to head for the next tourist （attract） when it began to rain.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （随着时间的流逝）， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
2. （据报道） areas of children’s brains can grow when they learn music or a language.
3.We got up early （以便我们能赶上第一班公共汽车）.
4.The basic design of the car （非常类似） that of earlier models.
5.The best way to learn a foreign language is to （与……交流） the people who speak it.
6.The teacher didn’t know who （批评） because it happened when she was not in the classroom.
7.As long as online payment is safe， people will be more likely to （把他们的银行卡和……绑定） WeChat.
8.The hanging bags are used to （驱赶） harmful pests.
9. （最后）， we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.
10.We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution （尤其）.
维度四：课文语法填空
Modern research is showing that plants can communicate 1. each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the leaves that 2. （eat）.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another plant detects the chemicals， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects 3. .
More 4. （surprise）， plants also use sound to communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant can tell 5. a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， 6. （indicate） drought is arriving.
Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of 7. （communicate） that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.This fungal network 8. （link） the roots of different plants to each other.9. （use） the wood wide web， plants can share information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food 10. each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.
Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Plant biologists have found a way that may enable poor farmers to do away with the need to purchase expensive hybrid seeds every year.Researchers at the University of California report that they have solved a long-standing problem of hybrid seeds by making exact clones of the hybrid plants from seeds.
For long， many crops have been grown from high-yielding， anti-disease or climate-tolerant hybrid seeds.But the seeds of hybrid crops do not produce plants with the same qualities during reproduction and hence farmers cannot save the seeds for the next growing season.They end up paying for new hybrid seeds each sowing season.The discovery， long sought by plant researchers， could make it easier to grow desirable high-yielding crops and make them available to the world’s farmers.Farmers could thus replant seeds from their own hybrid plants and enjoy the benefits of high production year after year， the scientists report.
While the discovery would help farmers， it would also impact the commercial interest of the hybrid seed industry.Siddiq， a former Deputy Director General in the Crop Science Division of the ICAR， said at first sight， this might seem like a setback for hybrid seed companies but there would be plenty of things they can still do.“Rice is grown over such a vast climatic and geographical range that specialized hybrids would have to be developed for each region，” he said.“The companies would continue to improve their hybrids.It will be interesting to see how all this plays out in the years to come.”
Currently， the high costs of producing hybrid seeds are a major barrier to farmers in developing countries， especially South Asia and Africa.Siddiq said if efficiently used， this method could potentially be a game-changer for poor farmers， who would need to purchase hybrid seeds just once and plant the progeny （后代） seeds from their own harvest in the following seasons.
1.What problem do the researchers aim to solve？
A.Farmers’ income.
B.Farmers’ costs.
C.Hybrid seeds’ cloning.
D.Hybrid seeds’ climate tolerance.
2.What is the disadvantage of the present hybrid seeds？
A.They have a pretty long growth cycle.
B.They tend to be affected by various diseases.
C.They have stricter requirements for sowing time.
D.They fail to reproduce plants with the same quality.
3.What’s Siddiq’s attitude to the commercial interests of the hybrid seed industry？
A.Hopeful. B.Concerned.
C.Doubtful. D.Anxious.
4.What is the main idea of the text？
A.The future of the hybrid seed industry.
B.The drawback of cloning hybrid seeds.
C.A method of cloning hybrid plants from their seeds.
D.A means of promoting the specialized hybrid seeds.
B
The crops we produce in the UK and around the world could change with climate.The weather is an important part in farming and changes in temperature will strongly affect crop growth.
For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown further north.The UN believes there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.This would be similar to the south of England in 2060， having the kind of weather the Loire Valley， in France， experiences now.
Due to an increase in drought and heat waves， the types of crops grown in the UK will have to change， which doesn’t have to be a bad thing for us.Products which haven’t been farmed over here before， such as sweet corn， sunflowers， and maize （玉米） for cereals， could all provide new business for farmers — certainly in the southeast.
However， if farming practices do change in this country， procedures will have to be put in place beforehand as introducing something new of farmland involves a lot of preparation.Also， irrigation systems may need to be improved so rain from the winter can be stored for the summer as it is hotter.
Researchers find that pests， such as aphids， are starting to hatch （孵化） earlier in the year.In the last 10－15 years they’ve arrived in springtime and the population of aphids appears to be growing too.
Aphids are a real problem as they can cause so much damage to crops， and if they’re arriving earlier in the year especially when the crops are fragile， they can cause more damage than they used to.
5.Where does the author probably come from？
A.The UK. B.The US.
C.France. D.Scotland.
6.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A.The kind of weather the south of England will have in 2060.
B.The kind of weather the Loire Valley experiences now.
C.The UK’s temperature rises are likely to cause the crops growing in the south to be grown further north.
D.The UN’s belief that there will be a shift northwards of between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.
7.To go well with the change of farming practices as a farmer， .
A.one can do nothing but wait for rain
B.one should build more irrigation systems
C.one will have to kill more pests like aphids
D.one must be prepared beforehand for the change of farming practices
8.What is the main idea of this passage？
A.The climate has a strong influence on crops.
B.The temperature rises will bring about either good or bad effects.
C.The global warmth causes more positive effects than negative ones.
D.The crops raised in the south will be transplanted to the north in 2060.
C
The San Francisco-based company， called Living Carbon， has created poplar （杨树） trees that are genetically engineered （改变基因结构） to grow larger and suck up more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than standard trees do.In February， workers planted rows of these poplars in southern Georgia.The company intends to plant 4 to 5 millions trees by the middle of next year， which they say will help with the worsening climate crisis.
“When plants photosynthesize （进行光合作用）， they convert carbon into sugar and nutrients that are eventually consumed by all living organisms.But they also produce a harmful by-product， which must be broken down during the energy-intensive process of photorespiration （光呼吸）”， said Yumin Tao， the company’s vice president of biotechnology.
“This is not only wastes energy but also loses much fixed carbon in the form of CO2， which gets released into the air again，” Tao added.“It’s a wasteful process many plants do.Living Carbon has reduced photorespiration in its poplars， instead channeling the energy into growth，” he says.
The trees have three genes inserted to achieve this， including one from squash and one from green algae.But the company has yet to show its modified trees can capture more carbon in a real-world setting.Its only publicly available data comes from a study in a greenhouse that lasted for only a few months and has yet to be peer reviewed.“Their claims seen bold based on very limited real-world data，” says Andrew Newhouse， a conservation biologist at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
Still， the study reported the modified poplars grew as much as 53％ larger in five months compared to the unmodified ones， capturing 27％ more carbon dioxide.Now， the company hopes its other field trials in locations like Oregon and Pennsylvania will show similar successes.It’s currently focused on planting on private lands， where fewer roadblocks exist.
“We specially focus on land where trees otherwise wouldn’t be planted， like abandoned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an existing， rich ecosystem that’s allowing for a large amount of carbon removal right now，” says Maddie Hall， Living Carbon’s CEO.
9.Why does the company want to plant genetically modified poplars？
A.To help with the worsening climate crisis.
B.To better study them to gain more accurate data.
C.To replace ordinary poplars with genetically modified poplars.
D.To find suitable places for genetically modified poplars to grow.
10.What is Andrew Newhouse’s attitude to the company’s findings？
A.Disapproving. B.Ambiguous.
C.Skeptical. D.Supportive.
11.What can we learn about the genetically-engineered poplars？
A.They are very resistant to carbon.
B.They have a growth advantage.
C.They have two genes inserted.
D.They photosynthesize even faster.
12.What is the best title for the text？
A.A Company Is Trying to Engineer Trees Genetically
B.Poplar Trees Might Be Planted All Around the World
C.Genetically Modified Trees Are Taking Root to Capture Carbon
D.Research Is Being Conducted to Use Trees to Remove CO2
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would look without trees？ Below are five of the top benefits that trees provide.
13 When adults who are feeling down spend time in the forest， they feel better.Forest therapy can range from simply walking among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating （冥想） in a forest.The adults note they become more confident and their mood improves after forest therapy.
Trees help you heal faster.Natural environments， including forests， help you reach a more positive state of mind. 14 In fact， sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who don’t， even if it’s just a view through a window！
Trees reduce air pollution and improve respiratory （呼吸的） health.Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our environment. 15 These forests reduce an estimated 670，000 cases of respiratory illness and save 850 lives.
Trees provide oxygen.Trees are like the lungs of our Earth.They supply us with oxygen while taking away our carbon dioxide and ask for nothing in return.A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four people. 16
Trees cool cities.Trees cool things down by offering shade and through evapotranspiration （蒸腾作用）. 17 Trees even save your money on your electric bill.When a tree offers direct shade for your home， you’ll use less air conditioning.
A.Trees cheer you up！
B.Trees help reduce the effects of climate change.
C.This， in turn， affects your overall state of wellness.
D.In fact， large forests can influence regional weather patterns.
E.So plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler.
F.And of course， trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and other wildlife.
G.For example， in the US， forests remove 17.4 million tons of pollution per year.
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校校报正在以“人与自然”为主题征稿。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.人与自然和谐相处；
2.怎样保持生物的多样性。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.roots 2.myth 3.legends 4.centimetres 5.linked
6.attack 7.breathing 8.fantasy 9.version 10.detect
维度二
1.amazing 2.Surprisingly 3.similarly 4.injuries
5.belief 6.appearance 7.communication 8.cultural
9.detection 10.attraction
维度三
1.With time going by
2.It’s reported
3.so that we could catch the first bus
4.is very similar to
5.communicate with
6.was to blame
7.link their bank cards to
8.drive away
9.In the end
10.in particular
维度四
1.with 2.are being eaten 3.away 4.surprisingly 5.if 6.indicating 7.communication 8.links 9.Using 10.from
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加州大学的研究人员发现了通过种子精确克隆杂交植物的方法，可能让贫困农民不用每年购买昂贵的杂交种子，并且保证以后年度的高产。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，研究人员想要解决的问题是农民种植成本的问题。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，目前杂交种子的缺点是这些种子不能复制出具有相同品质的植物。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Siddiq， a former Deputy Director General ...they can still do.可知，Siddiq认为，虽然这个发现可能会对杂交种子公司造成发展挫折，但这些公司仍然有很多其他事可以去做。由此可推测出，他对这些公司的商业利益怀有希望。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段引出本文话题：加州大学发现了通过种子精确克隆杂交植物的方法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气温上升可能造成作物品种、生产种植方式发生变化以及害虫孵化提前可能造成作物受害的情况。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The crops we produce in the UK和第三段第一句可知，作者可能来自英国。
6.C 代词指代题。通读第二段内容可知，This指代上文所讲的For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown further north.，即This 指气温上升使之前在南边种植的作物在向北一些的地方也可种植这一情况。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，作为农民，要适应耕作方式的变化，必须事先为耕种作准备。
8.A 主旨大意题。根据文中所讲的气温上升造成作物品种、生产种植方式发生变化以及害虫提前孵化造成作物受害可知，本文主要讲的是气候对作物有重要影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一家名为Living Carbon的公司培育出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亚州南部已经种植了数排这种杨树。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这家公司种植转基因杨树是为了帮助应对日益恶化的气候危机。
10.C 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，安德鲁·纽豪斯对该公司的调查结果持怀疑态度。
11.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，基因工程杨树有增长优势。
12.C 标题归纳题。文章主要说明了一家名为Living Carbon的公司培育出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐治亚州南部已经种植了数排这种杨树。故C项为文章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了树木对人类和环境的好处。
13.A 根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了森林能够改善人的情绪，使人变得自信和振奋。A项与本段意思相符，是本段的主题句。
14.C 根据空前一句可知，C项中的This指代空前一句中的a more positive state of mind，表明自然环境可以使人们有一个更积极的心态，而积极的心态又会影响人的整体健康，C项符合语境。
15.G 根据空前一句可知，G项（例如，在美国，森林每年就可消除1，740万吨的污染物）是对空前一句的举例说明，也呼应了本段第一句（树木减少空气污染，提高呼吸健康），G项符合语境。
16.F 根据本段主题句Trees provide oxygen.可知，本段主要讲述了树木为自然界提供氧气。F项进一步说明了树木不仅可以为人类提供氧气，还可以为自然界的其他动物提供氧气，且与空前一句为递进关系，并呼应了本段主题。
17.E 根据空前两句可知，树木能够使城市凉爽，起到降温的作用。E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
Man and Nature
Man is the product of nature and relies on nature to survive. As a result， we should be in harmony with nature. When we explore and exploit nature， we should respect it instead of destroying it.
In addition， man should learn to protect animals and plants， which play an important role in our lives. If we do damage to them， many species may die out， thus bringing the earth a disaster. To protect the diversity of wildlife， man should be aware of their importance and know that man can’t live without them.
In all， man should keep in mind the importance of nature.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories， such as the film Avatar， trees can communicate with④ animals and people.
[2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants can communicate after all⑥.
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词talking trees。
[2]with复合结构（with＋代词＋doing）作状语。
[3]it appears that ... 意为“似乎……”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
[4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant， say a bean plant， gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦ chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects — the wasps⑩！ The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， [6]so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
[4]It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
[5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词leaves。
[6]so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。
More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.People can’t hear these sounds， but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots .Corn and chilli plants do this.They also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating drought is arriving.
[7]if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。
[8]indicating ...为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication [9]that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables and satellites， the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi .This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other.[12]Using the wood wide web， plants can share information and even food with each other.For example， some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.But just like our own Internet， the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime ”.Plants can steal food from each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn [13]how to create a “firewall ” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.
[9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication。
[10]While在此是并列连词，表示对比。
[11]linked by ...为动词-ed形式作定语，修饰名词computers。
[12]Using the wood ...为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
[13]“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作learn的宾语。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways [14]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows？ Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
[14]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。
【读文清障】
①myth n.（古代的）神话
②legend n.传说，传奇（故事）
③as well as 也；又（连接并列结构）
④communicate with sb与某人交流
communicate sth to sb 向某人传达（思想和感情）
⑤fantasy n.幻想
⑥after all 毕竟；终究
⑦tiny amounts of 微量的
⑧detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）
⑨drive ...away 把……赶走
⑩wasp n.黄蜂
pesticide n.杀虫剂，农药
root n.根
chilli n.辣椒
indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
link v.把……联系起来；连接
be similar to 与……相似
cable n.电缆
fungus n.真菌（复数fungi）
fungal adj.真菌的
version n.说法，描述；版本
cybercrime n.网络犯罪
firewall n.防火墙
【参考译文】
植物密语
会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事——例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲自和植物“聊天”了。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 3？
A.Plants can release chemicals from the roots.
B.Plants can release chemicals when attacked.
C.Chemicals from some plants destroy the other plants.
D.Scientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides.
2.How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the passage？
A.1. B.2. C.3. D.4.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2
③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6
A.①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B.①②/③④⑤/⑥
C.①②③/④⑤/⑥ D.①/②③④⑤/⑥
4.What is the main purpose of this passage？
A.To encourage people to study plants.
B.To introduce ways of communication between plants.
C.To argue why plants are able to communicate.
D.To tell us some myths about talking plants.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which uses the rhetoric method — personification （拟人）.
2.Read the fourth paragraph carefully and find the topic sentence of the paragraph.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following question with your partner.
Do you think it’s useful to study the secrets of plants communication？ Why？ What can we benefit from it？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water， indicating drought is arriving.
句式分析 本句为复合句，when there is not enough water为when引导的 从句；indicating drought is arriving是动词-ing形式作 状语，drought is arriving为省略that的 从句。
自主翻译
2.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.
句式分析 本句为复合句，in which plants talk to each other为“介词＋关系代词”引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
tiny amounts of 微量的
【教材原句】 The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.
正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质。
【用法】
（1） 大/少量的
in large amounts 大量地
（2）amount vi. 合计，共计
amount to 合计；共计；等同于
【佳句】 The food was analyzed and found to contain tiny amounts of poison.
对这种食物进行了分析，发现含有微量的毒素。
【点津】 an amount （of），amounts （of）作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A large amount of France’s electricity （generate） by nuclear reactors.
②His earnings never amounted more than 2，000 dollars a year.
③Up to now， large amounts of money （be） spent on the old temple， which causes a heated discussion.
【写美】 补全句子
④It’s best to buy vegetables because they are cheaper now.
最好大量地购买蔬菜，因为现在比较便宜。
detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）；探测
【教材原句】 When another bean plant detects the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.
当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质。
【用法】
（1）detect a lie 识破谎言
detect a change 发觉转变
（2）detective n. 侦探
detector n. 检测器；发现者
detection n. 侦查；发现
【佳句】 Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果发现得早，许多癌症都可以治愈。
【辨析】 find， detect， discover
find 指通过主动寻找而重新获得丢失了的东西、原来隐匿的事实或发现新事物，也可指偶然发现原来没有意识到的情况
detect 指通过详细的调查研究或仔细观察发现某事物的存在或搞清楚某一事实真相，通常指发现不太好或有疑问的事物
discover 指经过主动的探索、寻找而发现已存在、但不为前人或其他人所知的事物或规律，常用于某一领域或科学发现
【练透】 选词填空（find， detect， discover）/单句语法填空
①Several new botanical species have been in the last few years.
②The police came and searched his house but nothing.
③Can you an escape of gas in this corner of the room？
④He is not qualified to be a （detect）， for he is rather subjective on judgment.
⑤Three hundred firemen reached the hotel after a smoke （detect） set off the alarm soon after midnight.
⑥If a fire starts in an engine， there is a （detect） system to pick it up.
【写美】 补全句子
⑦Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans， far above humans’ hearing limits.
狗的听觉范围比人类大得多，使它们能够探测到远远超过人类听力极限的声音。
drive ...away 把……赶走
【教材原句】 Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些化学物质能驱赶昆虫。
【用法】
（1）drive sb crazy/mad 把某人逼得发疯/发狂
drive sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事
drive off 驱车离去；驶去
drive into 打入；敲进
drive sb home 开车送某人回家
（2）go for a drive 开车去兜风
【佳句】 After two and a half years， the mother panda drove the young panda away.
两年半后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶跑了。
【点津】 动词drive的过去式和过去分词均为不规则形式，分别为drove和driven。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him （come） to China.
②I watched them leave and then drove to the opposite direction.
③He picked up a hammer and drove a nail a piece of wood.
【写美】 补全句子
④My deskmate nearly .He is always thinking of himself.
我的同桌几乎要把我逼疯了。他总是想着他自己。
link v.把……联系起来；连接 n.联系；关系；链接
【教材原句】 Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.
最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。
【用法】
link up 联合，连接；使结合；使连接
link up with 与……联合/汇合/碰头
link ...with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked with/to 与……有关
【佳句】 Linking arms with one of the instructors， I helped carry the young man out of the water.
我和其中一位教练手挽手，帮着把这个年轻人抬出水面。
【联想】 表示“把……与……相联系”还可用connect ...with ...，associate ...with ...等固定搭配来表达。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The two spacecrafts will link in space two days later.
②They went on to the next town where they linked with the other party.
③We should link theory practice， which is important.
【写美】 补全句子
④Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的风险。
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：it作形式主语
【教材原句】 It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。
【用法】
本句为主从复合句。句中It为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
（1）常见的it作形式主语的句式：
①It＋be＋形容词（obvious，possible，strange，natural， important ...）＋that从句；
②It＋be＋过去分词（said，thought， known， believed， supposed， reported ...）＋that 从句；
③It ＋不及物动词（seems， occurs， happens ...）＋that从句；
④It＋be＋名词词组（a pity， an honour， no wonder ...）＋that从句。
（2）特殊用法：
在“It is suggested/desired/proposed/recommended/ordered ...＋that从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“（should）＋动词原形”。
【写美】 微写作
①此外，强烈建议我们与他人分享我们的感受或想法。（建议信）
Additionally， our feelings or ideas with others.
②我们将在学校门口集合，预计早上8点出发。（告知信）
We’re to gather at the school gate and we’ll set off at 8：00 am.
③我时常想起你煮的面条味道不错。（感谢信）
the noodles you cooked tasted good.
④据说定期带孩子去游乐场会减轻他们的学习压力。
taking kids to the amusement park on a regular basis can reduce their learning pressure.
句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物报警系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
【用法】
（1）so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……，以便……”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词；
（2）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般不用情态动词。
【品悟】 Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they can win glory for their homeland.
许多运动员参加奥运会是为了能为他们的祖国赢得荣誉。
【写美】 微写作
①此外，我们应该摆脱消极的想法，这样我们就可以在考试时管理我们的压力。（发言稿）
In addition， we should get rid of negative thoughts when taking an exam.
②好几个月没下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。（投稿）
It hasn’t rained for a few months， .
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.Talking plants 2.chemicals 3.sound 4.the “wood wide web”
5.“talk” with
第二步
1－4 BCBB
第三步
1.This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！”
2.More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.
第四步
As far as I am concerned， it is very important to study this.Because it can not only benefit our human beings a lot but also be good to creatures around us.We can better understand the nature， summarize the law， and promote the harmony between human and nature for a brighter future of the world.
第五步
1.时间状语 伴随 宾语
还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
2.定语
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①is generated ②to ③have been ④in large amounts
2.①discovered ②found ③detect ④detective
⑤detector ⑥detection
⑦making them able to detect sounds
3.①to come ②off ③into ④drives me crazy/mad
4.①up ②up ③with/to ④have been linked with/to
重点句型解构
1.①it is highly suggested that we （should） share
②it is expected that ③It occurred to me at times that
④It is said that
2.①so that we can manage our stress
②so that the soil dries out
1 / 8(共101张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Secret Language of Plants
Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends
②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees [1]that give advice as well
as③ warnings to people.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said
to have visited such a tree in India.And in some modern stories， such
as the film Avatar， trees can communicate with④ animals and people.
[2]With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy⑤， new
research has revealed something amazing：[3]it appears that plants
can communicate after all⑥.
[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词talking trees。
[2]with复合结构（with＋代词＋doing）作状语。
[3]it appears that ... 意为“似乎……”，it作形式主语，真正的主
语是that引导的从句。
【读文清障】
①myth n.（古代的）神话
②legend n.传说，传奇（故事）
③as well as 也；又（连接并列结构）
④communicate with sb与某人交流
communicate sth to sb 向某人传达（思想和感情）
⑤fantasy n.幻想
⑥after all 毕竟；终究
[4]It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to
communicate with each other.This happens when a plant， say a bean
plant， gets attacked by insects.The plant releases tiny amounts of⑦
chemicals from the leaves [5]that are being eaten.This is like a
warning， or a call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another
bean plant detects⑧ the chemicals from its injured neighbour， it
starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of these chemicals
drive insects away⑨.Others attract insects — the wasps⑩！ The wasps
kill the insects that are eating the bean plants.
Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system， [6]so
that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides .
[4]It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
[5]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词leaves。
[6]so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。
⑦tiny amounts of 微量的
⑧detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）
⑨drive ...away 把……赶走
⑩wasp n.黄蜂
pesticide n.杀虫剂，农药
More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.People
can’t hear these sounds， but plants are making them.Some plants
make noises with their roots .Corn and chilli plants do this.They
also “listen” to the noises from other plants.A chilli plant can tell [7]if a
neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some trees make clicking
noises when there is not enough water，[8]indicating drought is
arriving.
[7]if引导宾语从句，作tell的宾语。
[8]indicating ...为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
root n.根
chilli n.辣椒
indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of
communication [9]that can link nearly every plant in a
forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.It is in some
ways similar to the Internet we use.[10]While the Internet is a
worldwide network of computers [11]linked by cables and
satellites， the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi .This
fungal network links the roots of different plants to each
other.[12]Using the wood wide web， plants can share information and
even food with each other.For example， some pine trees can send
food to smaller pine trees to help them grow.
But just like our own Internet， the wood wide web has its own
version of “cybercrime ”.Plants can steal food from each other， or
spread poisons to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will
learn [13]how to create a “firewall ” to help prevent these attacks
within the wood wide web.
[9]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication。
[10]While在此是并列连词，表示对比。
[11]linked by ...为动词-ed形式作定语，修饰名词computers。
[12]Using the wood ...为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
[13]“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作learn的宾语。
link v.把……联系起来；连接
be similar to 与……相似
cable n.电缆
fungus n.真菌（复数fungi）
fungal adj.真菌的
version n.说法，描述；版本
cybercrime n.网络犯罪
firewall n.防火墙
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways
[14]in which plants talk to each other.Who knows？ Maybe one day we
will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with
them ourselves.
[14]in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways。
【参考译文】
植物密语
会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流
传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大
帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事——
例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令
人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——
比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的
叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击
了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它
自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则
会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。
科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用
使用农药的农作物的种植。
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植
物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣
椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己
附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示
干旱就要来了。
最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以
连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程
度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全
球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个
真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息
甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，
帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯
罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许
未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网
中的这些攻击。
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。谁
知道呢？说不定哪一天，我们就能足够了解植物沟通的知识，从而亲
自和植物“聊天”了。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 3？
A. Plants can release chemicals from the roots.
B. Plants can release chemicals when attacked.
C. Chemicals from some plants destroy the other plants.
D. Scientists find the method of growing crops without pesticides.
2. How many ways that plants communicate are talked about in the
passage？
A. 1. B. 2.
C. 3. D. 4.
3. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
①＝Paragraph 1 ②＝Paragraph 2
③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6
A. ①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B. ①②/③④⑤/⑥
C. ①②③/④⑤/⑥ D. ①/②③④⑤/⑥
4. What is the main purpose of this passage？
A. To encourage people to study plants.
B. To introduce ways of communication between plants.
C. To argue why plants are able to communicate.
D. To tell us some myths about talking plants.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which uses
the rhetoric method — personification （拟人）.
2. Read the fourth paragraph carefully and find the topic sentence of
the paragraph.
This is like a warning， or a call for help：“I’m being
attacked！”
More surprisingly， plants also use sound to communicate.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following question with your partner.
Do you think it’s useful to study the secrets of plants communication？
Why？ What can we benefit from it？
As far as I am concerned， it is very important to study this.Because
it can not only benefit our human beings a lot but also be good to
creatures around us.We can better understand the nature，
summarize the law， and promote the harmony between human and
nature for a brighter future of the world.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，
indicating drought is arriving.
句式分析 本句为复合句，when there is not enough water为
when引导的 从句；indicating drought is
arriving是动词-ing形式作 状语，drought is arriving
为省略that的 从句。
自主翻译
时间状语
伴随
宾语
还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就
要来了。
2. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in
which plants talk to each other.
句式分析 本句为复合句，in which plants talk to each other为“介词
＋关系代词”引导的 从句。
自主翻译
定语
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式
的了解。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
tiny amounts of 微量的
【教材原句】 The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the
leaves that are being eaten.
正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质。
【用法】
【佳句】 The food was analyzed and found to contain tiny amounts
of poison.
对这种食物进行了分析，发现含有微量的毒素。
【点津】 an amount （of），amounts （of）作主语或其修饰的名
词作主语时，谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①A large amount of France’s electricity
（generate） by nuclear reactors.
②His earnings never amounted more than 2，000 dollars a
year.
③Up to now， large amounts of money （be） spent
on the old temple， which causes a heated discussion.
is generated
to
have been
【写美】 补全句子
④It’s best to buy vegetables because they are
cheaper now.
最好大量地购买蔬菜，因为现在比较便宜。
in large amounts
detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）；探测
【教材原句】 When another bean plant detects the chemicals from
its injured neighbour， it starts to release its own， different
chemicals.当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质
时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质。
（1）detect a lie 识破谎言
detect a change 发觉转变
（2）detective n. 侦探
detector n. 检测器；发现者
detection n. 侦查；发现
【用法】
【佳句】 Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
如果发现得早，许多癌症都可以治愈。
【辨析】 find， detect， discover
find 指通过主动寻找而重新获得丢失了的东西、原来隐匿的事实或
发现新事物，也可指偶然发现原来没有意识到的情况
dete
ct 指通过详细的调查研究或仔细观察发现某事物的存在或搞清楚
某一事实真相，通常指发现不太好或有疑问的事物
disc
over 指经过主动的探索、寻找而发现已存在、但不为前人或其他人
所知的事物或规律，常用于某一领域或科学发现
【练透】 选词填空（find， detect， discover）/单句语法填空
①Several new botanical species have been in the last
few years.
②The police came and searched his house but nothing.
③Can you an escape of gas in this corner of the room？
④He is not qualified to be a （detect）， for he is
rather subjective on judgment.
⑤Three hundred firemen reached the hotel after a
smoke （detect） set off the alarm soon after midnight.
discovered
found
detect
detective
detector
⑥If a fire starts in an engine， there is a （detect）
system to pick it up.
【写美】 补全句子
⑦Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans，
far above humans’ hearing limits.
狗的听觉范围比人类大得多，使它们能够探测到远远超过人类听力极
限的声音。
detection
making them
able to detect sounds
drive ...away 把……赶走
【教材原句】 Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些
化学物质能驱赶昆虫。
【用法】
（1）drive sb crazy/mad 把某人逼得发疯/发狂
drive sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事
drive off 驱车离去；驶去
drive into 打入；敲进
drive sb home 开车送某人回家
（2）go for a drive 开车去兜风
【佳句】 After two and a half years， the mother panda drove the
young panda away.
两年半后，熊猫妈妈把小熊猫赶跑了。
【点津】 动词drive的过去式和过去分词均为不规则形式，分别为
drove和driven。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him
（come） to China.
②I watched them leave and then drove to the opposite
direction.
to come
off
③He picked up a hammer and drove a nail a piece of wood.
【写美】 补全句子
④My deskmate nearly .He is always thinking
of himself.
我的同桌几乎要把我逼疯了。他总是想着他自己。
into
drives me crazy/mad
link v.把……联系起来；连接 n.联系；关系；链接
【教材原句】 Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing
system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.最
令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起
森林中所有的植物。
【用法】
link up 联合，连接；使结合；使连接
link up with 与……联合/汇合/碰头
link ...with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked with/to 与……有关
【佳句】 Linking arms with one of the instructors， I helped carry
the young man out of the water.
我和其中一位教练手挽手，帮着把这个年轻人抬出水面。
【联想】 表示“把……与……相联系”还可用connect ...with ...，
associate ...with ...等固定搭配来表达。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The two spacecrafts will link in space two days later.
②They went on to the next town where they linked with the
other party.
③We should link theory practice， which is important.
up
up
with/to
【写美】 补全句子
④Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle an
increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的风险。
have been linked with/to
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：it作形式主语
【教材原句】 It has been known for some time that plants use
chemicals to communicate with each other.
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。
【用法】
本句为主从复合句。句中It为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主
语。
（1）常见的it作形式主语的句式：
①It＋be＋形容词（obvious，possible，strange，natural，
important ...）＋that从句；
②It＋be＋过去分词（said，thought， known， believed，
supposed， reported ...）＋that 从句；
③It ＋不及物动词（seems， occurs， happens ...）＋that从句；
④It＋be＋名词词组（a pity， an honour， no wonder ...）＋that从
句。
（2）特殊用法：
在“It is suggested/desired/proposed/recommended/ordered ...＋that从
句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“（should）＋动词
原形”。
【写美】 微写作
①此外，强烈建议我们与他人分享我们的感受或想法。（建议信）
Additionally， our
feelings or ideas with others.
②我们将在学校门口集合，预计早上8点出发。（告知信）
We’re to gather at the school gate and we’ll set
off at 8：00 am.
③我时常想起你煮的面条味道不错。（感谢信）
the noodles you cooked tasted
good.
it is highly suggested that we （should） share
it is expected that
It occurred to me at times that
④据说定期带孩子去游乐场会减轻他们的学习压力。
taking kids to the amusement park on a regular
basis can reduce their learning pressure.
It is said that
句型公式：so that引导目的状语从句
【教材原句】 Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning
system， so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.
科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物报警系统，从而将其应用于不用
使用农药的农作物的种植。
【用法】
（1）so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……，以便……”，从句
中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词；
（2）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“以至于；结果”，从句中一般
不用情态动词。
【品悟】 Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that they
can win glory for their homeland.
许多运动员参加奥运会是为了能为他们的祖国赢得荣誉。
【写美】 微写作
①此外，我们应该摆脱消极的想法，这样我们就可以在考试时管理我
们的压力。（发言稿）
In addition， we should get rid of negative thoughts
when taking an exam.
②好几个月没下雨了，以至于土壤都干透了。（投稿）
It hasn’t rained for a few months， .
so that we can
manage our stress
so that the soil dries out
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. Firm more soil over the （根） and water thoroughly.
2. A （神话） is an account of the deeds of supernatural
beings， usually expressed in terms of primary thought.
3. There are many wonderful （传说） about this famous
hero.
roots
myth
legends
4. Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 （厘米）
to 14 metres.
5. Asia and Europe， being two different areas， are （连
接） together by mountains and rivers.
6. The monster often gets angry and will （攻击） anyone
who goes close to it.
7. It is tough to climb Mount Everest.You can never imagine what
difficulty you have （呼吸） there.
8. Last year， the most-read children’s books at least in UK were
almost all f novels.
9. Some former hostages contradicted the official v of events.
10. Dogs can d sounds beyond humans’ hearing limit.
centimetres
linked
attack
breathing
antasy
ersion
etect
维度二：词形转换
1. Therefore， I wonder if you are interested to go with us， during
which we can have a feast of （amaze） Chinese
culture.
2. （surprise）， Sadie dialed the emergency
number 911 and saved his mother’s life.
3. Trees need water to grow； （similar）， friendship
needs our sincerity to develop.
amazing
Surprisingly
similarly
4. Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running， research
shows， while most likely contributing to fewer
（injure）.
5. It is our （believe） that improvements in health care
will lead to a stronger， more prosperous economy.
6. At the sight of his （appear） on the stage， the
hall rang with thunderous applause.
7. Secondly， you’d better make more friends through face-to-
face （communicate）.
injuries
belief
appearance
communication
8. My friends were green with envy when I gave a talent show at our
school’s （culture） art festival.
9. Early （detect） of cancers can greatly increase the
chances of cure even if you don’t have any symptoms yet.
10. We were about to head for the next tourist
（attract） when it began to rain.
cultural
detection
attraction
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （随着时间的流逝）， I gradually adapted
myself to the school life.
2. （据报道） areas of children’s brains can grow
when they learn music or a language.
3. We got up early （以便我们
能赶上第一班公共汽车）.
4. The basic design of the car （非常类似） that
of earlier models.
With time going by
It’s reported
so that we could catch the first bus
is very similar to
5. The best way to learn a foreign language is to
（与……交流） the people who speak it.
6. The teacher didn’t know who （批评） because it
happened when she was not in the classroom.
7. As long as online payment is safe， people will be more likely
to （把他们的银行卡和……绑定）
WeChat.
8. The hanging bags are used to （驱赶） harmful
pests.
communicate
with
was to blame
link their bank cards to
drive away
9. （最后）， we all decided to organize a concert for
Easter.
10. We’re trying to raise awareness about the environment in general
and air pollution （尤其）.
In the end
in particular
维度四：课文语法填空
Modern research is showing that plants can communicate
1. each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to
communicate with each other.The plant releases chemicals from the
leaves that 2. （eat）.This is like a warning， or a
call for help：“I’m being attacked！” When another plant detects the
chemicals， it starts to release its own， different chemicals.Some of
these chemicals drive insects 3. .
with
are being eaten
away
More 4. （surprise）， plants also use sound to
communicate.Some plants make noises with their roots.A chilli plant
can tell 5. a neighbouring plant is helpful， or unfriendly.Some
trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water，
6. （indicate） drought is arriving.
surprisingly
if
indicating
Most surprisingly of all， plants have an amazing system of
7. （communicate） that can link nearly every
plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”.This
fungal network 8. （link） the roots of different plants to
each other.9. （use） the wood wide web， plants can share
information and even food with each other.Plants can steal food
10. each other， or spread poisons to attack other plants.
Maybe one day we will be able to “talk” with plants ourselves.
communication
links
Using
from
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Plant biologists have found a way that may enable poor farmers to
do away with the need to purchase expensive hybrid seeds every
year.Researchers at the University of California report that they have
solved a long-standing problem of hybrid seeds by making exact clones
of the hybrid plants from seeds.
For long， many crops have been grown from high-yielding，
anti-disease or climate-tolerant hybrid seeds.But the seeds of hybrid
crops do not produce plants with the same qualities during
reproduction and hence farmers cannot save the seeds for the next
growing season.They end up paying for new hybrid seeds each sowing
season.The discovery， long sought by plant researchers， could make
it easier to grow desirable high-yielding crops and make them
available to the world’s farmers.Farmers could thus replant seeds
from their own hybrid plants and enjoy the benefits of high production
year after year， the scientists report.
While the discovery would help farmers， it would also impact
the commercial interest of the hybrid seed industry.Siddiq， a former
Deputy Director General in the Crop Science Division of the ICAR，
said at first sight， this might seem like a setback for hybrid seed
companies but there would be plenty of things they can still do.“Rice is
grown over such a vast climatic and geographical range that
specialized hybrids would have to be developed for each region，” he
said.“The companies would continue to improve their hybrids.It will
be interesting to see how all this plays out in the years to come.”
Currently， the high costs of producing hybrid seeds are a major
barrier to farmers in developing countries， especially South Asia and
Africa.Siddiq said if efficiently used， this method could potentially be
a game-changer for poor farmers， who would need to purchase
hybrid seeds just once and plant the progeny （后代） seeds from
their own harvest in the following seasons.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加州大学的研究人员发现了通过种
子精确克隆杂交植物的方法，可能让贫困农民不用每年购买昂贵的
杂交种子，并且保证以后年度的高产。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加州大学的研究人员发现了通过种
子精确克隆杂交植物的方法，可能让贫困农民不用每年购买昂贵的
杂交种子，并且保证以后年度的高产。
1. What problem do the researchers aim to solve？
A. Farmers’ income.
B. Farmers’ costs.
C. Hybrid seeds’ cloning.
D. Hybrid seeds’ climate tolerance.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，研究人员想要解
决的问题是农民种植成本的问题。
2. What is the disadvantage of the present hybrid seeds？
A. They have a pretty long growth cycle.
B. They tend to be affected by various diseases.
C. They have stricter requirements for sowing time.
D. They fail to reproduce plants with the same quality.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，目前杂交种子的
缺点是这些种子不能复制出具有相同品质的植物。
3. What’s Siddiq’s attitude to the commercial interests of the hybrid
seed industry？
A. Hopeful. B. Concerned.
C. Doubtful. D. Anxious.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Siddiq， a former
Deputy Director General ...they can still do.可知，Siddiq认
为，虽然这个发现可能会对杂交种子公司造成发展挫折，但这
些公司仍然有很多其他事可以去做。由此可推测出，他对这些
公司的商业利益怀有希望。
4. What is the main idea of the text？
A. The future of the hybrid seed industry.
B. The drawback of cloning hybrid seeds.
C. A method of cloning hybrid plants from their seeds.
D. A means of promoting the specialized hybrid seeds.
解析： 主旨大意题。文章第一段引出本文话题：加州大学发现
了通过种子精确克隆杂交植物的方法。
B
The crops we produce in the UK and around the world could
change with climate.The weather is an important part in farming and
changes in temperature will strongly affect crop growth.
For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops
normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be grown
further north.The UN believes there will be a shift northwards of
between 200 and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.
would be similar to the south of England in 2060， having the kind of
weather the Loire Valley， in France， experiences now.
This
Due to an increase in drought and heat waves， the types of crops
grown in the UK will have to change， which doesn’t have to be a bad
thing for us.Products which haven’t been farmed over here before，
such as sweet corn， sunflowers， and maize （玉米） for cereals，
could all provide new business for farmers — certainly in the
southeast.
However， if farming practices do change in this country，
procedures will have to be put in place beforehand as introducing
something new of farmland involves a lot of preparation.Also，
irrigation systems may need to be improved so rain from the winter
can be stored for the summer as it is hotter.
Researchers find that pests， such as aphids， are starting to
hatch （孵化） earlier in the year.In the last 10－15 years they’ve
arrived in springtime and the population of aphids appears to be
growing too.
Aphids are a real problem as they can cause so much damage to
crops， and if they’re arriving earlier in the year especially when the
crops are fragile， they can cause more damage than they used to.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气温上升可能造成作物
品种、生产种植方式发生变化以及害虫孵化提前可能造成作物受害
的情况。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气温上升可能造成作物
品种、生产种植方式发生变化以及害虫孵化提前可能造成作物受害
的情况。
5. Where does the author probably come from？
A. The UK. B. The US.
C. France. D. Scotland.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The crops we produce in
the UK和第三段第一句可知，作者可能来自英国。
6. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. The kind of weather the south of England will have in 2060.
B. The kind of weather the Loire Valley experiences now.
C. The UK’s temperature rises are likely to cause the crops growing in
the south to be grown further north.
D. The UN’s belief that there will be a shift northwards of between 200
and 300 kilometers for every degree of warming.
解析： 代词指代题。通读第二段内容可知，This指代上文所讲
的For the UK， temperature rises are likely to mean the crops
normally growing in the south of the country will be able to be
grown further north.，即This 指气温上升使之前在南边种植的作物
在向北一些的地方也可种植这一情况。
7. To go well with the change of farming practices as a
farmer， .
A. one can do nothing but wait for rain
B. one should build more irrigation systems
C. one will have to kill more pests like aphids
D. one must be prepared beforehand for the change of farming
practices
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，作为农民，要适
应耕作方式的变化，必须事先为耕种作准备。
8. What is the main idea of this passage？
A. The climate has a strong influence on crops.
B. The temperature rises will bring about either good or bad effects.
C. The global warmth causes more positive effects than negative ones.
D. The crops raised in the south will be transplanted to the north in
2060.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据文中所讲的气温上升造成作物品种、
生产种植方式发生变化以及害虫提前孵化造成作物受害可知，本文
主要讲的是气候对作物有重要影响。
C
The San Francisco-based company， called Living Carbon， has
created poplar （杨树） trees that are genetically engineered （改变
基因结构） to grow larger and suck up more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere than standard trees do.In February， workers planted
rows of these poplars in southern Georgia.The company intends to
plant 4 to 5 millions trees by the middle of next year， which they say
will help with the worsening climate crisis.
“When plants photosynthesize （进行光合作用）， they convert
carbon into sugar and nutrients that are eventually consumed by all
living organisms.But they also produce a harmful by-product， which
must be broken down during the energy-intensive process of
photorespiration （光呼吸）”， said Yumin Tao， the company’s vice
president of biotechnology.
“This is not only wastes energy but also loses much fixed carbon
in the form of CO2， which gets released into the air again，” Tao
added.“It’s a wasteful process many plants do.Living Carbon has
reduced photorespiration in its poplars， instead channeling the
energy into growth，” he says.
The trees have three genes inserted to achieve this， including one
from squash and one from green algae.But the company has yet to
show its modified trees can capture more carbon in a real-world
setting.Its only publicly available data comes from a study in a
greenhouse that lasted for only a few months and has yet to be peer
reviewed.“Their claims seen bold based on very limited real-world
data，” says Andrew Newhouse， a conservation biologist at the
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry.
Still， the study reported the modified poplars grew as much as
53％ larger in five months compared to the unmodified ones，
capturing 27％ more carbon dioxide.Now， the company hopes its
other field trials in locations like Oregon and Pennsylvania will show
similar successes.It’s currently focused on planting on private lands，
where fewer roadblocks exist.
“We specially focus on land where trees otherwise wouldn’t be
planted， like abandoned mine lands-areas where there isn’t an
existing， rich ecosystem that’s allowing for a large amount of carbon
removal right now，” says Maddie Hall， Living Carbon’s CEO.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一家名为Living Carbon的公司培育
出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐
治亚州南部已经种植了数排这种杨树。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一家名为Living Carbon的公司培育
出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二氧化碳，在佐
治亚州南部已经种植了数排这种杨树。
9. Why does the company want to plant genetically modified poplars？
A. To help with the worsening climate crisis.
B. To better study them to gain more accurate data.
C. To replace ordinary poplars with genetically modified poplars.
D. To find suitable places for genetically modified poplars to grow.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这家公司种植
转基因杨树是为了帮助应对日益恶化的气候危机。
10. What is Andrew Newhouse’s attitude to the company’s findings？
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous.
C. Skeptical. D. Supportive.
解析： 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句可推知，安德鲁·纽
豪斯对该公司的调查结果持怀疑态度。
11. What can we learn about the genetically-engineered poplars？
A. They are very resistant to carbon.
B. They have a growth advantage.
C. They have two genes inserted.
D. They photosynthesize even faster.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，基因工程杨
树有增长优势。
12. What is the best title for the text？
A. A Company Is Trying to Engineer Trees Genetically
B. Poplar Trees Might Be Planted All Around the World
C. Genetically Modified Trees Are Taking Root to Capture Carbon
D. Research Is Being Conducted to Use Trees to Remove CO2
解析： 标题归纳题。文章主要说明了一家名为Living Carbon
的公司培育出了转基因杨树，这种树会长得更大，吸收更多的二
氧化碳，在佐治亚州南部已经种植了数排这种杨树。故C项为文
章最佳标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Have you ever stopped to consider how empty the world would
look without trees？ Below are five of the top benefits that trees
provide.
13 When adults who are feeling down spend time in the
forest， they feel better.Forest therapy can range from simply walking
among the trees for a couple of hours to meditating （冥想） in a
forest.The adults note they become more confident and their mood
improves after forest therapy.
Trees help you heal faster.Natural environments， including
forests， help you reach a more positive state of mind. 14 In fact，
sick people with exposure to nature heal faster than those who don’t，
even if it’s just a view through a window！
Trees reduce air pollution and improve respiratory （呼吸的）
health.Trees take in many harmful pollutants from our
environment. 15 These forests reduce an estimated 670，000 cases
of respiratory illness and save 850 lives.
Trees provide oxygen.Trees are like the lungs of our Earth.They
supply us with oxygen while taking away our carbon dioxide and ask
for nothing in return.A single tree can provide enough oxygen for four
people. 16
Trees cool cities.Trees cool things down by offering shade and
through evapotranspiration （蒸腾作用）. 17 Trees even save
your money on your electric bill.When a tree offers direct shade for
your home， you’ll use less air conditioning.
A. Trees cheer you up！
B. Trees help reduce the effects of climate change.
C. This， in turn， affects your overall state of wellness.
D. In fact， large forests can influence regional weather patterns.
E. So plant more trees around your home if you want to feel cooler.
F. And of course， trees also provide plenty of oxygen for birds and
other wildlife.
G. For example， in the US， forests remove 17.4 million tons of
pollution per year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了树木对人类和环境
的好处。
13. A 根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了森林能够改善人的情绪，使人
变得自信和振奋。A项与本段意思相符，是本段的主题句。
14. C 根据空前一句可知，C项中的This指代空前一句中的a more
positive state of mind，表明自然环境可以使人们有一个更积极的心
态，而积极的心态又会影响人的整体健康，C项符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了树木对人类和环境
的好处。
15. G 根据空前一句可知，G项（例如，在美国，森林每年就可消除
1，740万吨的污染物）是对空前一句的举例说明，也呼应了本段第一
句（树木减少空气污染，提高呼吸健康），G项符合语境。
16. F 根据本段主题句Trees provide oxygen.可知，本段主要讲述了
树木为自然界提供氧气。F项进一步说明了树木不仅可以为人类提供
氧气，还可以为自然界的其他动物提供氧气，且与空前一句为递进关
系，并呼应了本段主题。
17. E 根据空前两句可知，树木能够使城市凉爽，起到降温的作用。
E项符合语境。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校校报正在以“人与自然”为主题征稿。请你写
一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 人与自然和谐相处；
2. 怎样保持生物的多样性。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Man and Nature
Man is the product of nature and relies on nature to survive. As a
result， we should be in harmony with nature. When we explore and
exploit nature， we should respect it instead of destroying it.
In addition， man should learn to protect animals and plants，
which play an important role in our lives. If we do damage to them，
many species may die out， thus bringing the earth a disaster. To
protect the diversity of wildlife， man should be aware of their
importance and know that man can’t live without them.
In all， man should keep in mind the importance of nature.
谢谢观看！
