Section Ⅳ Writing an observational journal
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists have discovered how plants manage to live alongside each other in places that are dark and shady.Plants in the deep darkness of a thick forest， where natural supplies are not very great in amount， won’t attempt to top their neighbors in growth as those in moderate （中度的） shade do.In deep shade conditions， it would be a waste of energy and harmful to survival because green shoots would never be able to top their larger neighbors in growth.
So how do plants prevent such growth in deep shade conditions？ The arcanum lies in the clocks inside them， say scientists from the John Innes Centre and the University of Bristol.
They have discovered that when plants notice deep shade， this changes the expression of genes in certain parts of the circadian clock （昼夜节律时钟） — the internal daily timer found in plants and other living things.These clock components perform an additional role in preventing plants from lengthening and overtopping neighbors.
The work identifies a previously unknown role of the circadian clock in controlling plant development， and the findings may have possible effects on both natural plant populations and crops.Professor Antony Dodd of the John Innes Centre said， “The biological clock of plants plays a big part in their development and fitness.This work casts new light on a new role of the circadian clock in adapting plants to competition with other plants in their environments.” “It also gives us new insights into how plants adapt to very deep shade， where resources are very limited，” said Professor Kerry Franklin at the University of Bristol.
This work provides evidence for the stability of the circadian clock in stressful environments， and information that may be useful in developing new generations of crops in a challenging climate.
1.What do plants normally do in moderate shade？
A.Struggle to preserve energy.
B.Compete for limited resources.
C.Depend on each other to survive.
D.Try to outgrow their neighbors.
2.What does the underlined word “arcanum” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Secret. B.Note.
C.Grammar. D.Award.
3.How does the circadian clock affect plants？
A.It changes their gene expression.
B.It makes them realize light change.
C.It controls their growth in deep shade.
D.It helps them adapt to the darkness.
4.Why does the author write the text？
A.To introduce the role of the deep shade.
B.To share a new discovery about plants.
C.To explain plants’ secret of living in the water.
D.To compare plants living in certain conditions.
B
Open-air jazz， locally-grown vegetables， focaccia bread， goat cheeses， and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.
And the vendors （摊贩） held out pretty well.Even as the raindrops intensified， folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the parking lot.Among the crowd were a number of college students， mostly from the University of Rochester， likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered — a five-dollar token （购物卡）， a handbag， and a prize raffle entry， all free of charge.
Now in its 15th year， Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the market partners merely local farms， businesses， and community groups to populate its tables.“Our mission is to serve the people in the community， getting them health and nutrition information， and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce，”Farrell said.“Everything has to be local.It’s a producer-only market， so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.”Those producers had diverse offerings.Vegetables， of course， were abundant but sellers also had cheeses， bread， prepared pasta dishes， and much more.
The community groups offering information were diverse too.Recovery All Ways， a local nonprofit organization with a stated “mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder” handed out Narcan training and trained people in its use.Their station was next to a Moms Demand Action tent， where staffers provided information on physical safety.SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefit educators also ran a table.
The activities of the stations were accompanied by live music.The university’s Midnight Ramblers performed， and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in.
Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable in crossing the bridge into the Rochester community.“We love college students， and we keep encouraging them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.”
5.What attracted college students to the College Night？
A.Free prizes. B.Scenery in the rain.
C.Interesting books. D.Featured goods.
6.What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market？
A.It is managed by farmers themselves.
B.Its visitors are mostly university students.
C.Its offerings are locally grown or prepared.
D.Farmers provide more vegetables than corn.
7.Which of the following can best describe the College Night？
A.Crowded and chaotic.
B.Busy and festive.
C.Luxurious and splendid.
D.Romantic and peaceful.
8.What might be a suitable title for the text？
A.Westside Farmers Market is Flowering Rapidly
B.College Night Channels Products into the Communit
C.College Night Bridges University and the Communit
D.Westside Farmers Market is Expanding Nationwide
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Whether they are furry， feathered or scaly （有鳞屑的）， the non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you know. 9 .
They keep you active.If you have a dog， the chances are that you’re walking it at least 30 minutes a day， and likely more — an activity that goes a long way towards keeping you fit.
They boost your immune system.Growing up indoors in disinfected spaces later causes our bodies to overreact to harmless substances， making us more likely to be allergic.As is often the case， pets have muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking （舔） us. 10 .
They lower your risk of a fatal heart attack.Researchers found that cat owners had a 30 per cent lower risk of dying of a heart attack. 11 .The researchers assumed — and most cat owners would agree — that cats’ unbothered nature has a calming effect.Spending time with any pet lowers stress， an important contributor to heart disease.
They help you manage a chronic disease. 12 ， animals always keep their owners busy and that can be a good thing for chronic disease sufferers of all types.When distracted from the pain， they will perceive less pain， and therefore they are in less pain.
13 .Studies have shown that pet ownership is beneficial for people with depression， anxiety， PTSD and other long-term mental health conditions.Pet owners themselves report that their animal pals benefit them mentally a lot， like providing emotional support and helping them form social bonds.
A.They also improve your mental health
B.They contribute a lot to our strong body
C.With the considerate care from the owners
D.Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you
E.With their regular need for feeding， walks and play
F.They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to
G.But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for walks
9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Early in my teaching career， I heard countless excuses — most of them amusing — for why students didn’t have their homework.“The dog ate it” was one of them.As time passed， I grew 14 of hearing “I don’t have my homework because ...”.So I quit accepting any excuse.
When I was 15 to another school， I took my straightforward attitude with me.“No excuses， no extensions！” I warned my eighth graders on the first day.When a student didn’t have the homework， I never asked why. 16 ， I sighed loudly， shook my head in disgust and recorded a zero.
One afternoon， shortly after the 17 bell rang， Anthony 18 me.“Could I talk to you for a minute？” he asked shyly.“I know what you said about our homework， but I don’t want you to think I’m a slacker （偷懒的人） because I come to school 19 mine so often.”
Anthony looked up at me， and I could see that his lower lip was shaking.“It’s just that ... Well， my dad moved out， and my mom works at night， so I have to look after my little brothers.Sometimes they cry a lot， which makes it hard to 20 .”
I put my hand on Anthony’s thin shoulder.“Why are you just now telling me ...，”I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why.So I 21 the question，“Would it help if you stay here after school and work on it？”
He swallowed hard and 22 .
The next day， I announced to all my students that I’d be offering an after-school study hall.Anthony was the first to 23 .Several days later， Terrell joined him， 24 by twins Sandy and Randy.Before long， I had a room full of eighth graders to work on their lessons.I never asked why any of them were there， but I soon had a large 25 of “I don’t have my homework because ...”stories.All were very 26 .None of them were amusing.
The things I learned weren’t taught in college.I discovered not all kids come from homes that are safe and 27 .Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and a table lamp.Some don’t have a home where a parent is even around.And some kids do go to bed 28 .Most importantly， I learned that “I’ll listen”works better than “No excuses”.
14.A.ashamed B.scared
C.tired D.informed
15.A.transferred B.transplanted
C.transported D.transformed
16.A.However B.Afterward
C.Moreover D.Instead
17.A.dismissal B.removal
C.approval D.arrival
18.A.occupied B.greeted
C.waved D.approached
19.A.with B.without
C.for D.on
20.A.tolerate B.concentrate
C.balance D.survive
21.A.extended B.refreshed
C.changed D.updated
22.A.nodded B.shook
C.weighed D.understood
23.A.give up B.put up
C.show up D.take up
24.A.followed B.surrounded
C.separated D.impressed
25.A.combination B.description
C.prediction D.collection
26.A.imaginary B.fictional
C.rigid D.real
27.A.rich B.warm
C.simple D.sound
28.A.happily B.guiltily
C.hungrily D.irregularly
Ⅳ.语法填空
Scientists in Australia have found that honeybees seem to understand the idea of zero.This is 29 （surprise） since bees have very small brains.So far only a few animals with larger brains 30 （show） this skill.And humans don’t 31 （usual） understand it until they’re around four years old.
The scientists created 32 experiment to test whether honeybees understood the idea of “zero” or not.First， they trained the bees by rewarding 33 （they） with sugar water for choosing smaller numbers.The scientists hung up cards with different numbers of shapes.Under each card was a tray （盘子）.The tray under the smaller number had sugar water.The tray under the larger number had something sour.After about forty 34 （test）， the bees had learned to choose the cards with smaller numbers of shapes.The bees knew how to look at the cards， “count” the shapes on each card， and choose the card 35 had the fewest shapes.Then came the interesting part.The scientists put out a card with nothing on it — zero shapes.When given a choice between two or three shapes 36 “zero” shapes， bees picked zero.This showed they knew that zero， or “none”， was 37 （little） than “some”.Just to be sure， the scientists trained other bees 38 （choose） large numbers.Those bees did not choose zero.
29. 30. 31.
32. 33. 34.
35. 36. 37.
38.
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The little bird perched （栖息） itself on the tree branch outside Vanessa’s bedroom window.It sang an energetic song as the first pale yellow rays of sunshine emerged from the horizon.
“Oh， what is that noise？” Vanessa complained to herself， pulling her bed sheet over her head in an attempt to block the sound from outside.It was no use， and she knew it because the loud birdsong signalled the coming of the day.A few moments later， Vanessa’s mom knocked on her door， and then came in with a smile.“Time to get up， Sleepyhead，” she whispered.“The early bird catches the worm， you know.”
“Ugh， what does that even mean？” asked Vanessa， with a pillow covering her face.“It’s just an expression， honey，” her mom replied.She gave Vanessa a kiss on the cheek and urged her to get out of bed.Vanessa rolled over and slept for a few more minutes.
Vanessa walked slowly downstairs， had breakfast slowly and missed her bus.When she finally got to school， she had to get a late pass.She missed the first part of math class， so she didn’t understand the lesson and had to get extra help.Her teacher gave her extra homework to make sure she knew it.This day was no fun.
The next morning， Vanessa was woken up by the same birdsong.Instead of ignoring it， Vanessa walked over to the window and opened the curtains.Soft light filled the room.“Well， hello there， little fellow，” she said when she saw the pretty bird outside， still singing happily.Suddenly， the bird flew down to land on the fresh grass.As she watched， the bird picked up a worm for breakfast.Vanessa seemed to instantly understand what her mother meant when she said “The early bird catches the worm”.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。
She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.
At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time to go to the library.
Section Ⅳ Writing an observational journal
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们已经发现了植物是如何在黑暗和阴暗的地方相互共存的。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Plants in the deep darkness ...those in moderate （中度的） shade do.可知，在中度阴暗的环境中，植物试图比其旁边的植物长得高。
2.A 词义猜测题。画线词上文提出问题——植物是如何在深荫条件下阻止这种生长的呢？画线词所在句子解释了上文，即此处指植物在深荫条件下阻止这种生长的秘密在于它们内部的时钟。由此可知，arcanum意为“秘密”。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在深度阴暗的环境中，昼夜节律时钟能够控制植物的生长。
4.B 写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句可推知，作者写本文的目的是分享一个有关植物的新发现。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了西区农贸市场一年一度的大学之夜活动，其目的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康和营养信息并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Among the crowd were ... all free of charge.可知，大学生参加大学之夜活动可能是被该活动提供的免费奖品吸引来的。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Everything has to be local ... to sell here.可知，西区农贸市场的特色是一切都必须是本地化的，人们必须种植或生产要在这里销售的任何东西，即它的出售物是在当地种植或准备的。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的Even as the ... exploring the tables以及倒数第三段中的Their station was next to ... on physical safety.可知，在活动中人们很忙碌；根据倒数第二段中的The activities of the ... band played away可知，该活动还有音乐演奏，很喜庆。
8.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了大学之夜活动，其目的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康和营养信息并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来；该活动也被希望能帮助学生们更舒服地融入社区。故C项（大学之夜连接大学和社区）适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养宠物的好处。
9.D 根据空前内容可知，这些非人类的家庭成员会在超出你所知道的更多方面帮助你；结合后面几段的首句可知，该空在文中起着承上启下的作用，D项（这里有一些你的宠物朋友给你带来好处的方式）符合语境。
10.F 该段讲述宠物能增强你的免疫系统，根据空前的pets have muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking （舔） us可知，该空应描述这种状况对我们免疫系统的好处。F项（它们引入了我们身体所能适应的更多细菌种类）符合语境。
11.G 该空后面的unbothered nature has a calming effect是解题的关键，指的是猫高冷的天性有冷静作用，由此可推出，空处会说你可能想知道在不遛猫的情况下猫主人死于心脏病的风险低30％是怎么发生的，故G项符合语境。G项中的it指代上文的cat owners ... heart attack。
12.E 根据该空后面的内容animals always keep their owners busy可知，该空应描述使主人们忙碌的原因，故E项符合语境，此处表示由于宠物们需要规律的喂食、散步和玩耍，它们总是让主人们很忙。
13.A 该空处于段首，应为段落主旨句；又根据该段后面的内容Studies have shown that ... other long-term mental health conditions.可知，该空应描述宠物帮助改善人们的心理健康状况。故A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在教学生涯之初，作者不接受学生任何没有完成作业的借口。但调动工作后，作者尝试着去了解没有完成作业的学生的情况，发现并不是每个学生都生活在安全温暖的家庭中。
14.C 根据下文的I quit accepting any excuse可知，作者之所以不再接受学生任何没有完成作业的借口，是因为作者厌倦了这些借口。grow tired of为固定短语，意为“对……厌倦”。
15.A 根据空后的to another school可知，此处是指作者被调到了另一所学校任教。transfer 意为“（使）调动；转职；改变（环境）”。
16.D 根据空前的When a student didn’t have the homework， I never asked why.和空后的I sighed loudly， shook my head in disgust and recorded a zero可知，此处是指对没有完成作业的学生作者从不问原因，而是大声地叹息、厌恶地摇头并直接给零分。
17.A 根据语境并结合常识可知，这个学生应该是在下课铃响后找作者谈话的。dismissal作为名词有“解散”之意，在此表示下课铃响后。
18.D 根据空后的Could I talk to you for a minute？可知， Anthony要找老师谈话，需要靠近老师。approach意为“在距离或时间上靠近，接近”。
19.B 根据语境可知，此处指Anthony经常不带自己的作业到学校。without 意为“不用；不拿；不带”。
20.B 根据空前的so I have to look after my little brothers.Sometimes they cry a lot可知，Anthony要照顾弟弟们且弟弟们有时哭闹，所以集中精力（写作业）是很难的。concentrate 意为“集中（注意力），聚精会神”。
21.C 根据空前的I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why并结合空后的Would it help if you stay here after school and work on it？可知，作者说了半句就停下了，接着又改变了问题。
22.A 根据下文内容可知，Anthony接受了作者的提议，此处是指他点了点头。
23.C 根据空前的The next day， I announced to all my students that I’d be offering an after-school study hall.可知，作者向所有的学生宣布，自己将提供一个课后自习室；并结合空后的Several days later， Terrell joined him可知，Anthony是第一个出现在这里的。show up 意为“出现；露面”。
24.A 根据语境可知，此处是指Terrell加入之后，紧接着双胞胎Sandy和Randy也加入了在课后自习室学习的队伍中。
25.D 根据上文内容可知，此处指作者很快收集到大量的学生没有写完作业的理由。collection意为“一批物品”。
26.D 根据空后的None of them were amusing.可知，此处指学生给出的没有完成作业的理由都是真实的。
27.B 根据空前的safe并结合发生在Anthony身上的故事可知，此处指不是所有的孩子都来自一个安全温暖的家庭。
28.C 根据空前的not all kids come from homes that are safe ...don’t have a home where a parent is even around可知，此处指一些孩子饿着肚子就上床睡觉了。
Ⅳ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的科学家通过实验发现蜜蜂似乎理解“零”的概念。
29.surprising 考查词形转换。空处应用形容词作表语，表示“令人惊讶的”。故填surprising。
30.have shown 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由句中的时间状语So far 可知，应用现在完成时；主语only a few animals为复数形式，故填have shown。
31.usually 考查词形转换。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语。故填usually。
32.an 考查冠词。此处泛指一次实验，且experiment的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
33.them 考查代词。空处作rewarding的宾语，应用代词的宾格形式。故填them。
34.tests 考查名词的单复数。空前的forty为数词，后接可数名词的复数形式。故填tests。
35.which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the card，且关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填which/that。
36.and 考查连词。between ... and ... 为固定结构，表示“在……和……之间”。故填and。
37.less 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，空处表示“更少”，应用形容词的比较级形式，故填less。
38.to choose 考查非谓语动词。train sb/sth to do sth表示“训练某人/某物做某事”。故填to choose。
Ⅴ.
She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.She was one of the first kids to enter her classroom.Her teacher reminded her that there were only a few spots left in the Robotics Club， and if she was interested， she needed to sign up right away.Vanessa was very interested！ She wrote her name down in one of the last spaces happily and smiled to herself.
At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time to go to the library.The librarian was stacking some new books that had just arrived.One of them was the sequel to a great story Vanessa had just finished.She was the first one to check it out！ Later， when the gym teacher asked for volunteers， Vanessa put her hand up immediately and was chosen to be the captain of the softball team.“Wow， it sounds like you had a great day， Vanessa，” her mom said later when Vanessa told her all about it at dinnertime.“Yes.Just call me the early bird，” said Vanessa， with a satisfied smile.
6 / 6Section Ⅳ Writing an observational journal
Step 1 品教材课文 Step 2 析写作手法
Week 1 The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil， with the pointed ends facing up.Water has been added and the container was put in a cool，dark place.The bulbs are being watered regularly. Week 3 A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.On each stem are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.The container has been moved to a sunny， but cool place. Week 6 The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has produced a single flower.The flowers are yellow and white， and shaped like trumpets. Week 1 首句中使用with复合结构（with the pointed ends facing up）作状语，使句式表达更加简洁。第二句中使用现在进行时的被动语态，使表达富于变化。 Week 3 第二句中使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，生动地描写出叶子的形态。 Week 6 首句使用并列连词and连接上下两分句，使表达衔接自然、流畅。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1.It grows 10 to 40 feet high and has enormous， broad green leaves that are sometimes 10 feet long.
它长到10到40英尺高，有时有10英尺长的宽大的绿叶。
2.Another stem， which grows through the hollow stem， bears the flowers and the fruits.
另一根茎，长在中空的茎上，结出花朵和果实。
3.As it grows， it slowly unfolds and shows about 100 small blossoms， which are long and narrow and grow together in clusters or groups.
随着它的生长，它慢慢地展开，开出大约100朵小花，这些花又长又窄，簇生在一起。
4.On each stem are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.
每根茎上有两片叶子，又长又窄，有如蜡一般的质地。
5.Each bunch is called a “hand” because it looks almost like a hand with the separate bananas like fingers.
每一串都被称为一只“手”，因为它看起来就像一只手，分开的香蕉就像手指一样。
仔细观察下面有关竹子种植的图画，写一篇有关竹子成长的观察日记。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：植物的前段生长周期所见或所做：在每个花盆的中央种上一粒种子，然后加水。把花盆放置在间接日照12－16小时的地方。给每个花盆每天浇水。芽从土里冒出来。
第二段：植物的中段生长周期所见或所做：茎上有几片又长又窄的叶子。花盆被放置在间接日照至少6小时的地方。
第三段：植物的后段生长周期所见或所做：茎已经长到大约30厘米高，每根茎上都有一些绿叶。竹子从花盆中移植到开阔的土壤中。竹子一周浇水2－3次。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1.在每个花盆的中央种上一粒种子。（in the center of）
2.加水，把花盆放置在间接日照12－16小时的地方。这样做的目的是防止种子被晒伤。（add， protect ... from ...， 非限制性定语从句）
3.每个花盆每天都浇水。（daily）
4.茎上有几片叶子，叶子又长又窄。（倒装句）
5.花盆被放置在间接日照至少6小时的地方。（at least）
6.直接照射的阳光会灼伤竹子幼苗。（burn）
7.确保植物得到半阳半阴的环境。（make sure）
8.它的茎已经长到大约30厘米高，每根茎上都有许多绿叶。（a number of）
9.竹子已经被从花盆中移植到开阔的土壤中。（transplant）
10.新种的竹子每周要浇水2－3次。（被动语态）
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1.把句6和句7用适当的连接词进行合理地过渡。
2.把句9和句10合并为并列句。
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
Week 1
Week 5
Week 8
情感 描写 disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱
动作 描写 answer the call 响应号召 drive ...away 把……赶走 suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于 detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物） link v.把……联系起来；连接
人物 描写 distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的；不友好的 geologist n.地质学家 legend n.传说，传奇（故事）
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下面语段。
杰克正朝我走来，但我的新朋友们却扬起眉毛，把背包堆在桌子上，以至于没有地方可以让杰克坐下。这种尴尬的局面使空气凝固了。杰克看着我时，我显得很冷漠，低下了头。后来，我想：“我真丢脸！当他被赶走的时候，我应该为他说话。” 强烈的内疚感使我意识到我是应该受到责备的人。因此，我找到他并向他道歉。令我惊讶的是，杰克立刻就原谅了我，并笑了起来。
Section Ⅳ Writing an observational journal
【演练佳作·写美文】
写作步骤
二、1.A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.
2.Water has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with 12－16 hours of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to protect the seeds from burning.
3.Each pot has been watered daily.
4.On the stem are several leaves， which are long and narrow.
5.The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6 hours of indirect sunlight.
6.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings.
7.Make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
8.The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each has a number of green leaves.
9.The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil.
10.The newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
三、1.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings，so make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
2.The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil and the newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
四、
Week 1
A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.Water has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with 12－16 hours of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to protect the seeds from burning.Each pot has been watered daily.Before long， the sprouts start to pop out of the soil.
Week 5
To my delight， on the stem are several leaves， which are long and narrow.The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6 hours of indirect sunlight.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings， so make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
Week 8
The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each has a number of green leaves.The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil and the newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
【教材词汇·练续写】
Jack was walking towards me，but my new friends raised their eyebrows and piled their backpacks on the table so that there was no space left for Jack to sit down.This awkward situation froze the air.I was distant and lowered my head when Jack looked at me.“What a disgrace！” I thought later，“I should have spoken up for him when he was driven away.” With strong feelings of guilt， I realized I was the one to blame.Therefore， I went to him and made an apology.To my surprise， Jack forgave me at once and smiled.
1 / 4(共83张PPT)
Section Ⅳ Writing an observational journal
1
细品课文·学手法
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
教材词汇·练续写
2
演练佳作·写美文
1
细品课文·学手法
培养思维品质
Step 1 品教材课文
Week 1
The daffodil bulbs have been planted side by side in soil， with
the pointed ends facing up.Water has been added and the container
was put in a cool，dark place.The bulbs are being watered regularly.
Week 3
A single stem has sprouted from each of the bulbs.On each stem
are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a waxy texture.The
container has been moved to a sunny， but cool place.
Week 6
The stems have grown to around 20 centimetres tall and each has
produced a single flower.The flowers are yellow and white， and
shaped like trumpets.
Step 2 析写作手法
Week 1
首句中使用with复合结构（with the pointed ends facing up）作状
语，使句式表达更加简洁。第二句中使用现在进行时的被动语态，使
表达富于变化。
Week 3
第二句中使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，生动地描写出叶
子的形态。
Week 6
首句使用并列连词and连接上下两分句，使表达衔接自然、流
畅。
Step 3 背出彩佳句
1. It grows 10 to 40 feet high and has enormous， broad green leaves
that are sometimes 10 feet long.
它长到10到40英尺高，有时有10英尺长的宽大的绿叶。
2. Another stem， which grows through the hollow stem， bears the
flowers and the fruits.
另一根茎，长在中空的茎上，结出花朵和果实。
3. As it grows， it slowly unfolds and shows about 100 small
blossoms， which are long and narrow and grow together in clusters
or groups.
随着它的生长，它慢慢地展开，开出大约100朵小花，这些花又长
又窄，簇生在一起。
4. On each stem are two leaves， which are long and narrow with a
waxy texture.
每根茎上有两片叶子，又长又窄，有如蜡一般的质地。
5. Each bunch is called a “hand” because it looks almost like a hand
with the separate bananas like fingers.
每一串都被称为一只“手”，因为它看起来就像一只手，分开的香蕉
就像手指一样。
2
演练佳作·写美文
奠定写作功底
仔细观察下面有关竹子种植的图画，写一篇有关竹子成长的观察
日记。
一、审题谋篇，结构分明
第一段：植物的前段生长周期所见或所做：在每个花盆的中央种上一
粒种子，然后加水。把花盆放置在间接日照12－16小时的地方。给每
个花盆每天浇水。芽从土里冒出来。
第二段：植物的中段生长周期所见或所做：茎上有几片又长又窄的叶
子。花盆被放置在间接日照至少6小时的地方。
第三段：植物的后段生长周期所见或所做：茎已经长到大约30厘米
高，每根茎上都有一些绿叶。竹子从花盆中移植到开阔的土壤中。竹
子一周浇水2－3次。
二、要点陈述，语言规范
1. 在每个花盆的中央种上一粒种子。（in the center of）
2. 加水，把花盆放置在间接日照12－16小时的地方。这样做的目
的是防止种子被晒伤。（add， protect ... from ...， 非限制性
定语从句）
A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.
Water has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with
12－16 hours of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to
protect the seeds from burning.
3. 每个花盆每天都浇水。（daily）
4. 茎上有几片叶子，叶子又长又窄。（倒装句）
5. 花盆被放置在间接日照至少6小时的地方。（at least）
6. 直接照射的阳光会灼伤竹子幼苗。（burn）
Each pot has been watered daily.
On the stem are several leaves， which are long and narrow.
The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6 hours of
indirect sunlight.
Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings.
7. 确保植物得到半阳半阴的环境。（make sure）
8. 它的茎已经长到大约30厘米高，每根茎上都有许多绿叶。（a
number of）
Make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each has
a number of green leaves.
9. 竹子已经被从花盆中移植到开阔的土壤中。（transplant）
The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open
soil.
10. 新种的竹子每周要浇水2－3次。（被动语态）
The newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a
week.
三、句间衔接，过渡自然
1. 把句6和句7用适当的连接词进行合理地过渡。
2. 把句9和句10合并为并列句。
Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings，so make sure that the
plants get about half sun， half shade.
The bamboo plants have been transplanted from pots to open soil
and the newly-planted bamboo plants are watered 2－3 times a
week.
四、检查誊写，卷面整洁
Week 1
A single seed has been planted in the center of each pot.Water
has been added and the pots have been put in a spot with 12－16 hours
of indirect sunlight， the purpose of which is to protect the seeds from
burning.Each pot has been watered daily.Before long， the sprouts
start to pop out of the soil.
Week 8
To my delight， on the stem are several leaves， which are long
and narrow.The pots have been placed in a location with at least 6
hours of indirect sunlight.Direct sun will burn the bamboo seedlings，
so make sure that the plants get about half sun， half shade.
The stems have grown to around 30 centimetres tall and each
has a number of green leaves.The bamboo plants have been
transplanted from pots to open soil and the newly-planted bamboo
plants are watered 2－3 times a week.
Week 5
3
教材词汇·练续写
体现学以致用
情感
描写 disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱
动作 描写 answer the call 响应号召
drive ...away 把……赶走
suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得
blame v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）
link v.把……联系起来；连接
情感
描写 disgrace n.丢脸，耻辱
人物 描写 distant adj.遥远的；冷淡的；不友好的
geologist n.地质学家
legend n.传说，传奇（故事）
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成下
面语段。
杰克正朝我走来，但我的新朋友们却扬起眉毛，把背包堆在桌子
上，以至于没有地方可以让杰克坐下。
这种尴尬的局面使空气凝固了。杰克看着我时，我显得很冷漠，
低下了头。后来，我想：“我真丢脸！当他被赶走的时候，我应该
为他说话。” 强烈的内疚感使我意识到我是应该受到责备的人。
因此，我找到他并向他道歉。令我惊讶的是，杰克立刻就原谅了
我，并笑了起来。
Jack was walking towards me，but my new friends raised their
eyebrows and piled their backpacks on the table so that there was no
space left for Jack to sit down.This awkward situation froze the air.I
was distant and lowered my head when Jack looked at me.“What a
disgrace！” I thought later，“I should have spoken up for him when
he was driven away.” With strong feelings of guilt， I realized I was
the one to blame.Therefore， I went to him and made an apology.To
my surprise， Jack forgave me at once and smiled.
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists have discovered how plants manage to live alongside
each other in places that are dark and shady.Plants in the deep
darkness of a thick forest， where natural supplies are not very great
in amount， won’t attempt to top their neighbors in growth as those in
moderate （中度的） shade do.In deep shade conditions， it would be
a waste of energy and harmful to survival because green shoots would
never be able to top their larger neighbors in growth.
So how do plants prevent such growth in deep shade conditions？
The arcanum lies in the clocks inside them， say scientists from the
John Innes Centre and the University of Bristol.
They have discovered that when plants notice deep shade， this
changes the expression of genes in certain parts of the circadian clock
（昼夜节律时钟） — the internal daily timer found in plants and
other living things.These clock components perform an additional role
in preventing plants from lengthening and overtopping neighbors.
The work identifies a previously unknown role of the circadian
clock in controlling plant development， and the findings may have
possible effects on both natural plant populations and crops.Professor
Antony Dodd of the John Innes Centre said， “The biological clock of
plants plays a big part in their development and fitness.This work
casts new light on a new role of the circadian clock in adapting plants
to competition with other plants in their environments.” “It also gives
us new insights into how plants adapt to very deep shade， where
resources are very limited，” said Professor Kerry Franklin at the
University of Bristol.
This work provides evidence for the stability of the circadian
clock in stressful environments， and information that may be useful
in developing new generations of crops in a challenging climate.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们已经发现
了植物是如何在黑暗和阴暗的地方相互共存的。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们已经发现
了植物是如何在黑暗和阴暗的地方相互共存的。
1. What do plants normally do in moderate shade？
A. Struggle to preserve energy.
B. Compete for limited resources.
C. Depend on each other to survive.
D. Try to outgrow their neighbors.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Plants in the deep
darkness ...those in moderate （中度的） shade do.可知，在中度阴
暗的环境中，植物试图比其旁边的植物长得高。
2. What does the underlined word “arcanum” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Secret. B. Note.
C. Grammar. D. Award.
解析： 词义猜测题。画线词上文提出问题——植物是如何在深
荫条件下阻止这种生长的呢？画线词所在句子解释了上文，即此处
指植物在深荫条件下阻止这种生长的秘密在于它们内部的时钟。由
此可知，arcanum意为“秘密”。
3. How does the circadian clock affect plants？
A. It changes their gene expression.
B. It makes them realize light change.
C. It controls their growth in deep shade.
D. It helps them adapt to the darkness.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在深度阴暗的环境
中，昼夜节律时钟能够控制植物的生长。
4. Why does the author write the text？
A. To introduce the role of the deep shade.
B. To share a new discovery about plants.
C. To explain plants’ secret of living in the water.
D. To compare plants living in certain conditions.
解析： 写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句可推知，
作者写本文的目的是分享一个有关植物的新发现。
B
Open-air jazz， locally-grown vegetables， focaccia bread， goat
cheeses， and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last
Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.
And the vendors （摊贩） held out pretty well.Even as the
raindrops intensified， folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the
parking lot.Among the crowd were a number of college students，
mostly from the University of Rochester， likely brought in by the
College Night awards being offered — a five-dollar token （购物
卡）， a handbag， and a prize raffle entry， all free of charge.
Now in its 15th year， Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the
market partners merely local farms， businesses， and community
groups to populate its tables.“Our mission is to serve the people in the
community， getting them health and nutrition information， and
connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce，”Farrell
said.“Everything has to be local.It’s a producer-only market， so you
have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.”Those
producers had diverse offerings.Vegetables， of course， were
abundant but sellers also had cheeses， bread， prepared pasta
dishes， and much more.
The community groups offering information were diverse
too.Recovery All Ways， a local nonprofit organization with a stated
“mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder”
handed out Narcan training and trained people in its use.Their station
was next to a Moms Demand Action tent， where staffers provided
information on physical safety.SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefit
educators also ran a table.
The activities of the stations were accompanied by live music.The
university’s Midnight Ramblers performed， and a local jazz band
played away as the rain showers started rolling in.
Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make
students more comfortable in crossing the bridge into the Rochester
community.“We love college students， and we keep encouraging
them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了西区农贸市场一年一
度的大学之夜活动，其目的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康
和营养信息并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了西区农贸市场一年一
度的大学之夜活动，其目的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康
和营养信息并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来。
5. What attracted college students to the College Night？
A. Free prizes. B. Scenery in the rain.
C. Interesting books. D. Featured goods.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Among the crowd were ...
all free of charge.可知，大学生参加大学之夜活动可能是被该活动
提供的免费奖品吸引来的。
6. What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market？
A. It is managed by farmers themselves.
B. Its visitors are mostly university students.
C. Its offerings are locally grown or prepared.
D. Farmers provide more vegetables than corn.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Everything has to be
local ... to sell here.可知，西区农贸市场的特色是一切都必须是本地
化的，人们必须种植或生产要在这里销售的任何东西，即它的出售
物是在当地种植或准备的。
7. Which of the following can best describe the College Night？
A. Crowded and chaotic.
B. Busy and festive.
C. Luxurious and splendid.
D. Romantic and peaceful.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段中的Even as
the ... exploring the tables以及倒数第三段中的Their station was
next to ... on physical safety.可知，在活动中人们很忙碌；根据倒数
第二段中的The activities of the ... band played away可知，该活动
还有音乐演奏，很喜庆。
8. What might be a suitable title for the text？
A. Westside Farmers Market is Flowering Rapidly
B. College Night Channels Products into the Communit
C. College Night Bridges University and the Communit
D. Westside Farmers Market is Expanding Nationwide
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了大学之夜活
动，其目的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康和营养信息并将
他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来；该活动也被希望能帮助学生们
更舒服地融入社区。故C项（大学之夜连接大学和社区）适合作本
文的标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Whether they are furry， feathered or scaly （有鳞屑的）， the
non-human members of your family help you in more ways than you
know. 9 .
They keep you active.If you have a dog， the chances are that
you’re walking it at least 30 minutes a day， and likely more — an
activity that goes a long way towards keeping you fit.
They boost your immune system.Growing up indoors in
disinfected spaces later causes our bodies to overreact to harmless
substances， making us more likely to be allergic.As is often the
case， pets have muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking
（舔） us. 10 .
They lower your risk of a fatal heart attack.Researchers found
that cat owners had a 30 per cent lower risk of dying of a heart
attack. 11 .The researchers assumed — and most cat owners would
agree — that cats’ unbothered nature has a calming effect.Spending
time with any pet lowers stress， an important contributor to heart
disease.
They help you manage a chronic disease. 12 ， animals
always keep their owners busy and that can be a good thing for chronic
disease sufferers of all types.When distracted from the pain， they will
perceive less pain， and therefore they are in less pain.
13 .Studies have shown that pet ownership is beneficial for
people with depression， anxiety， PTSD and other long-term mental
health conditions.Pet owners themselves report that their animal pals
benefit them mentally a lot， like providing emotional support and
helping them form social bonds.
A. They also improve your mental health
B. They contribute a lot to our strong body
C. With the considerate care from the owners
D. Here are some ways that your pet pal benefits you
E. With their regular need for feeding， walks and play
F. They introduce more bacterial diversity that our body adapts to
G. But you may wonder how it comes about without taking a cat for
walks
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养宠物的好处。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养宠物的好处。
9. D 根据空前内容可知，这些非人类的家庭成员会在超出你所知道
的更多方面帮助你；结合后面几段的首句可知，该空在文中起着承上
启下的作用，D项（这里有一些你的宠物朋友给你带来好处的方式）
符合语境。
10. F 该段讲述宠物能增强你的免疫系统，根据空前的pets have
muddy paws， abundant fur and affection for licking （舔） us可知，
该空应描述这种状况对我们免疫系统的好处。F项（它们引入了我们
身体所能适应的更多细菌种类）符合语境。
11. G 该空后面的unbothered nature has a calming effect是解题的关
键，指的是猫高冷的天性有冷静作用，由此可推出，空处会说你可能
想知道在不遛猫的情况下猫主人死于心脏病的风险低30％是怎么发生
的，故G项符合语境。G项中的it指代上文的cat owners ... heart
attack。
12. E 根据该空后面的内容animals always keep their owners busy可
知，该空应描述使主人们忙碌的原因，故E项符合语境，此处表示由
于宠物们需要规律的喂食、散步和玩耍，它们总是让主人们很忙。
13. A 该空处于段首，应为段落主旨句；又根据该段后面的内容
Studies have shown that ... other long-term mental health
conditions.可知，该空应描述宠物帮助改善人们的心理健康状
况。故A项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Early in my teaching career， I heard countless excuses — most
of them amusing — for why students didn’t have their
homework.“The dog ate it” was one of them.As time passed， I
grew 14 of hearing “I don’t have my homework because ...”.So I
quit accepting any excuse.
When I was 15 to another school， I took my
straightforward attitude with me.“No excuses， no extensions！” I
warned my eighth graders on the first day.When a student didn’t have
the homework， I never asked why. 16 ， I sighed loudly， shook
my head in disgust and recorded a zero.
One afternoon， shortly after the 17 bell rang，
Anthony 18 me.“Could I talk to you for a minute？” he asked
shyly.“I know what you said about our homework， but I don’t want
you to think I’m a slacker （偷懒的人） because I come to
school 19 mine so often.”
Anthony looked up at me， and I could see that his lower lip was
shaking.“It’s just that ... Well， my dad moved out， and my mom
works at night， so I have to look after my little brothers.Sometimes
they cry a lot， which makes it hard to 20 .”
I put my hand on Anthony’s thin shoulder.“Why are you just now
telling me ...，”I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why.So I 21 the
question，“Would it help if you stay here after school and work on
it？”
He swallowed hard and 22 .
The next day， I announced to all my students that I’d be offering
an after-school study hall.Anthony was the first to 23 .Several days
later， Terrell joined him， 24 by twins Sandy and Randy.Before
long， I had a room full of eighth graders to work on their lessons.I
never asked why any of them were there， but I soon had a
large 25 of “I don’t have my homework because ...”stories.All
were very 26 .None of them were amusing.
The things I learned weren’t taught in college.I discovered not all
kids come from homes that are safe and 27 .Not all kids have a
quiet bedroom with a desk and a table lamp.Some don’t have a home
where a parent is even around.And some kids do go to
bed 28 .Most importantly， I learned that “I’ll listen”works better
than “No excuses”.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在教学生涯之初，作者不接受
学生任何没有完成作业的借口。但调动工作后，作者尝试着去了解
没有完成作业的学生的情况，发现并不是每个学生都生活在安全温
暖的家庭中。
14. A. ashamed B. scared
C. tired D. informed
解析： 根据下文的I quit accepting any excuse可知，作者之所
以不再接受学生任何没有完成作业的借口，是因为作者厌倦了这
些借口。grow tired of为固定短语，意为“对……厌倦”。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在教学生涯之初，作者不接受
学生任何没有完成作业的借口。但调动工作后，作者尝试着去了解
没有完成作业的学生的情况，发现并不是每个学生都生活在安全温
暖的家庭中。
15. A. transferred B. transplanted
C. transported D. transformed
解析： 根据空后的to another school可知，此处是指作者被调
到了另一所学校任教。transfer 意为“（使）调动；转职；改变
（环境）”。
16. A. However B. Afterward
C. Moreover D. Instead
解析： 根据空前的When a student didn’t have the
homework， I never asked why.和空后的I sighed loudly， shook
my head in disgust and recorded a zero可知，此处是指对没有完成
作业的学生作者从不问原因，而是大声地叹息、厌恶地摇头并直
接给零分。
17. A. dismissal B. removal
C. approval D. arrival
解析： 根据语境并结合常识可知，这个学生应该是在下课铃
响后找作者谈话的。dismissal作为名词有“解散”之意，在此表示
下课铃响后。
18. A. occupied B. greeted
C. waved D. approached
解析： 根据空后的Could I talk to you for a minute？可知，
Anthony要找老师谈话，需要靠近老师。approach意为“在距离或
时间上靠近，接近”。
19. A. with B. without C. for D. on
解析： 根据语境可知，此处指Anthony经常不带自己的作业到
学校。without 意为“不用；不拿；不带”。
20. A. tolerate B. concentrate
C. balance D. survive
解析： 根据空前的so I have to look after my little
brothers.Sometimes they cry a lot可知，Anthony要照顾弟弟们且
弟弟们有时哭闹，所以集中精力（写作业）是很难的。
concentrate 意为“集中（注意力），聚精会神”。
21. A. extended B. refreshed
C. changed D. updated
解析： 根据空前的I stopped in mid-sentence.I knew why并结
合空后的Would it help if you stay here after school and work on
it？可知，作者说了半句就停下了，接着又改变了问题。
22. A. nodded B. shook
C. weighed D. understood
解析： 根据下文内容可知，Anthony接受了作者的提议，此处
是指他点了点头。
23. A. give up B. put up
C. show up D. take up
解析： 根据空前的The next day， I announced to all my
students that I’d be offering an after-school study hall.可知，作者
向所有的学生宣布，自己将提供一个课后自习室；并结合空后的
Several days later， Terrell joined him可知，Anthony是第一个出
现在这里的。show up 意为“出现；露面”。
24. A. followed B. surrounded
C. separated D. impressed
解析： 根据语境可知，此处是指Terrell加入之后，紧接着双胞
胎Sandy和Randy也加入了在课后自习室学习的队伍中。
25. A. combination B. description
C. prediction D. collection
解析： 根据上文内容可知，此处指作者很快收集到大量的学
生没有写完作业的理由。collection意为“一批物品”。
26. A. imaginary B. fictional
C. rigid D. real
解析： 根据空后的None of them were amusing.可知，此处指
学生给出的没有完成作业的理由都是真实的。
27. A. rich B. warm C. simple D. sound
解析： 根据空前的safe并结合发生在Anthony身上的故事可
知，此处指不是所有的孩子都来自一个安全温暖的家庭。
28. A. happily B. guiltily
C. hungrily D. irregularly
解析： 根据空前的not all kids come from homes that are
safe ...don’t have a home where a parent is even around可知，此处
指一些孩子饿着肚子就上床睡觉了。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Scientists in Australia have found that honeybees seem to
understand the idea of zero.This is 29 （surprise） since bees
have very small brains.So far only a few animals with larger
brains 30 （show） this skill.And humans don’t 31 （usual）
understand it until they’re around four years old.
The scientists created 32 experiment to test whether
honeybees understood the idea of “zero” or not.First， they trained
the bees by rewarding 33 （they） with sugar water for choosing
smaller numbers.The scientists hung up cards with different numbers
of shapes.Under each card was a tray （盘子）.The tray under the
smaller number had sugar water.The tray under the larger number
had something sour.After about forty 34 （test）， the bees had
learned to choose the cards with smaller numbers of shapes.The bees
knew how to look at the cards， “count” the shapes on each card，
and choose the card 35 had the fewest shapes.
Then came the interesting part.The scientists put out a card with
nothing on it — zero shapes.When given a choice between two or three
shapes 36 “zero” shapes， bees picked zero.This showed they
knew that zero， or “none”， was 37 （little） than “some”.Just
to be sure， the scientists trained other bees 38 （choose） large
numbers.Those bees did not choose zero.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的科学家
通过实验发现蜜蜂似乎理解“零”的概念。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的科学家
通过实验发现蜜蜂似乎理解“零”的概念。
29. surprising 考查词形转换。空处应用形容词作表语，表示“令人
惊讶的”。故填surprising。
30. have shown 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由句中的时间状语So
far 可知，应用现在完成时；主语only a few animals为复数形式，故
填have shown。
31. usually 考查词形转换。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语。
故填usually。
32. an 考查冠词。此处泛指一次实验，且experiment的发音以元音
音素开头，故填an。
33. them 考查代词。空处作rewarding的宾语，应用代词的宾格形
式。故填them。
34. tests 考查名词的单复数。空前的forty为数词，后接可数名词的
复数形式。故填tests。
35. which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从
句，修饰先行词the card，且关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填
which/that。
36. and 考查连词。between ... and ... 为固定结构，表示“在……
和……之间”。故填and。
37. less 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，空处表示“更少”，应
用形容词的比较级形式，故填less。
38. to choose 考查非谓语动词。train sb/sth to do sth表示“训练某人/
某物做某事”。故填to choose。
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构
成一篇完整的短文。
The little bird perched （栖息） itself on the tree branch outside
Vanessa’s bedroom window.It sang an energetic song as the first pale
yellow rays of sunshine emerged from the horizon.
“Oh， what is that noise？” Vanessa complained to herself，
pulling her bed sheet over her head in an attempt to block the sound
from outside.It was no use， and she knew it because the loud
birdsong signalled the coming of the day.A few moments later，
Vanessa’s mom knocked on her door， and then came in with a
smile.“Time to get up， Sleepyhead，” she whispered.“The early bird
catches the worm， you know.”
“Ugh， what does that even mean？” asked Vanessa， with a
pillow covering her face.“It’s just an expression， honey，” her mom
replied.She gave Vanessa a kiss on the cheek and urged her to get out
of bed.Vanessa rolled over and slept for a few more minutes.
Vanessa walked slowly downstairs， had breakfast slowly and
missed her bus.When she finally got to school， she had to get a late
pass.She missed the first part of math class， so she didn’t understand
the lesson and had to get extra help.Her teacher gave her extra
homework to make sure she knew it.This day was no fun.
The next morning， Vanessa was woken up by the same
birdsong.Instead of ignoring it， Vanessa walked over to the window
and opened the curtains.Soft light filled the room.“Well， hello
there， little fellow，” she said when she saw the pretty bird outside，
still singing happily.Suddenly， the bird flew down to land on the
fresh grass.As she watched， the bird picked up a worm for
breakfast.Vanessa seemed to instantly understand what her mother
meant when she said “The early bird catches the worm”.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.
At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time
to go to the library.
参考范文：
She raced through breakfast and caught the bus.She was one of
the first kids to enter her classroom.Her teacher reminded her that
there were only a few spots left in the Robotics Club， and if she was
interested， she needed to sign up right away.Vanessa was very
interested！ She wrote her name down in one of the last spaces happily
and smiled to herself.
At lunchtime， Vanessa finished her lunch early and had time to
go to the library.The librarian was stacking some new books that had
just arrived.One of them was the sequel to a great story Vanessa had
just finished.She was the first one to check it out！ Later， when the
gym teacher asked for volunteers， Vanessa put her hand up
immediately and was chosen to be the captain of the softball
team.“Wow， it sounds like you had a great day， Vanessa，” her
mom said later when Vanessa told her all about it at
dinnertime.“Yes.Just call me the early bird，” said Vanessa， with a
satisfied smile.
谢谢观看！
