UNIT 6 Nurturing nature
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
维度一：品句填词
1.In addition to the beautiful （景色）， the poem conveys the poet’s affection for a young lady.
2.Standing in front of the （壮丽的） building， the young man was very excited.
3.We talked together， we spent our （空闲） time together， and except for school and work， we were never apart.
4.The Bird’s Nest in Beijing is a famous （地标） of our capital.
5.While they were crossing the river， a （巨大的） rock fell off the mountain.
6.The woman decided to wear a pair of glasses to avoid r while working at the computer.
7.W in the street， we were astonished at the dramatic change of the small town.
维度二：词形转换
1.There is concern that the （construct） company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.
2.In the coming three years， our school life will be （challenge） and you will try to adapt to your new life.
3.More staff are needed to meet the demands of the people who are （concern） about their physical well-being.
4.With the widespread use of the Internet， communications across the world have developed （steady）.
5.The boy was sitting in his chair （leisure）， absorbed in the magazine he was reading.
6.They all think he is one of the most wonderful （magic） in the world.
7.Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical （engineer）.
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1.They would rather spend time reading than wandering in the street （空闲时）.
2.How to deal with the situation was （最关心的问题之一）.
3.The moment a tourist enters the forest， one amazing view after another will （引起他的注意）.
4.It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on （要学习什么） in senior high school.
5.The 30th sports meeting （下周举行的） is sure to be a great success.
6.Adapted from Milan Trenc’s novel， the film Night at the Museum （使……更生动） a world where dinosaurs wander the earth.
维度四：课文语法填空
Many foreign experts claimed the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was “impossible”.It takes years 1. （complete） the Qinghai-Tibet Railway， which is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering 2. （challenge）.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was 3. the top concerns.
In order to protect wild animals， thirty-three passages 4. （build） under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and 5. （free） in their natural habitat.6. （prevent） damage to wetlands and grasslands， 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud 7. Lhasa.140，000 square metres of wetland 8. （move） to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.To make sure the workers stayed healthy， several oxygen-making stations were constructed.The workers also 9. （enjoy） regular breaks in lower areas.To protect Cuona Lake， thousands and thousands of sandbags were used to build a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it 10. construction waste.
I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway in the world with the care that the environment deserves.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Set 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Ambatondrazaka， the Zahamena National Park’s landscape consists of valleys surrounded by a flowing mountain range.
It has an overall land coverage of 64，300 hectares， but only 42，000 hectares is open to the public due to strict conservation （环境保护） reasons.It receives an average yearly rainfall level of about 6 feet and experiences frequent rain showers even during the dry season between April and October.
One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is that the unique territory of its highland has paved the way for the development of several ecosystems that exist at the same time in this park.This is the reason why the types of wildlife living in one area are different in another， which makes it quite exciting to explore.
This protected area is divided into two parts， with a separate piece of land in the middle where many small villages are situated.These villages are inhabited （居住） by the members of the Sihanaka and Betsimisaraka ethnic groups.
The Zahamena National Park gets its name from the local Zahana Mena tree， an uncommon type of hardwood that grows in the lower regions of this protected area.It is characterized by its resilient （坚韧的） wood that can be rather challenging to cut， join， shape and carve even with modern tools.
Established as a strict natural highland reserve in 1927 （and one of the first of its kind in all of Madagascar）， the Zahamena National Park was officially given its national park status （地位） in 1997 and was eventually opened to the public.Due to its remarkable territory and unique biodiversity， this national park was later listed as a key part of the collective UNESCO World Heritage Site called the Rainforests of the Atsinanana in 2007.
1.What can we learn about the Zahamena National Park？
A.It is surrounded by the city of Ambatondrazaka.
B.It receives little rainfall during the dry season.
C.It is partially open to the public.
D.It is divided into three parts.
2.What has contributed to several ecosystems in the Zahamena National Park？
A.The strict conservation rules.
B.The unique weather conditions.
C.The special territory of its highland.
D.The influence of several local villages.
3.What is the Zahamena National Park named after？
A.An ethnic group.
B.A type of local tree.
C.A traditional tool.
D.A nearby city.
4.What is the text mainly about？
A.A brief introduction to the Zahamena National Park.
B.A complete guide to visiting the Zahamena National Park.
C.Details of Zahamena National Park’s great efforts in conservation.
D.Reasons for Zahamena National Park becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
B
Ho Khanh is a middle-aged farmer， living in a village on the edge of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam.What is special about him is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in the world.
“I first found the cave about thirty years ago， in 1991，” he says.“I was out collecting firewood near the national park.My family were very poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some aloe， which is very valuable.Not many people went that far into the forest because they were afraid of the wild animals.”
Soon Khanh lost his way.“I sat down with my back to a huge round rock，” he says.“Then I heard the sound of a strong wind and running water coming from behind me.”He found the entrance to a huge cave， with a wide river coming out of it.Khanh thought he was walking into a great cave.With no ropes or lights， he did not go further into it.
Khanh’s story spread like wildfire， but not everyone believed him.“I wanted to prove that I was telling the truth， but I couldn’t remember the way to the cave.” Then one morning early in the winter of 2006， a group of cavers from Britain came to ask Khanh for help， as they had heard about his discovery fifteen years before.
Khanh agreed to help the team to find the cave， but after three days in the jungle， they lost their way.“I just couldn’t remember where it was，” he says.The team came back twice， but each time they were beaten by the thick jungle.Finally the cavers left.
In 2009， Khanh headed to the jungle one cold winter’s morning.“I stopped by a big round rock，” he says.“There was the same strong wind， the sound of water running — I knew I’d found the cave at long last.” Soon the British cavers returned and followed Khanh on a six-hour trip deep into the jungle.On 14 April they found Son Doong.
5.Ho Khanh first discovered Son Doong when he was .
A.looking for aloe
B.collecting firewood
C.catching some animals
D.cutting down trees in the forest
6.What did the British cavers think of Ho Khanh’s story？
A.They doubted it.
B.They believed it.
C.They were uncertain of it.
D.They had little interest in it.
7.How long did it take for Ho Khanh to find Son Doong again？
A.One year. B.Three years.
C.Fifteen years. D.Eighteen years.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.How Son Doong was discovered.
B.How Son Doong got its name.
C.A young farmer in Vietnam.
D.A national park in Vietnam.
C
How does an ecosystem work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer， scientists have built mathematical models of food webs， noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models， scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs， for instance， consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator （掠食动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the two species are strongly linked； when a predator lives on various species， they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species， it can survive the extinction of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare， the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable， where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s， scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species — including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean， we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale， while on land， we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally， the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key， scientists say， because once ecosystems pass their tipping point （临界点）， it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
9.A strong link is found between two species when a predator .
A.has a wide food choice
B.can easily find new prey
C.sticks to one prey species
D.can quickly move to another place
10.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
11.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？
A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
12.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？
A.By getting illegal practices under control.
B.By stopping us from killing large predators.
C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Countries around the world are stepping up their efforts to fight global warming.If we don’t reduce CO2 emissions， ice caps will disappear， deserts will expand and extreme weather will become more and more common. 13 .Here are four high-impact actions.
Commit yourself to eating less meat.
The global livestock （牲畜） industry contributes as many greenhouse gases as every single car， truck， and airplane in the world. 14 .It is one of the best ways you can cut your carbon footprint.
Consider your clothes.
Fashion is actually the second most polluting industry in the world.Low cost， readily accessible solutions are at hand for us consumers.They include： Buy less. 15 .Choose ethical （合乎道德的） brands when you are purchasing something new.Buy second-hand things， or exchange them.
16 .
The aviation （航空） industry is only responsible for about 5％ of man-made global warming.Taking the train is a much greener way to travel.And if you really must fly， you should consider offsetting your carbon footprint by donating to a project that aims to reduce CO2 elsewhere.
Take public transport， walk or cycle.
Use electric cars.Over their lifetime they emit almost three times less CO2 than a petrol or diesel car.You can make a difference by choosing to walk or cycle for shorter journeys.Try to spend most time walking， cycling or taking public transport. 17 .You could combine two trips into one journey， or look at carpooling with friends or colleagues.
A.Cut down on air travel
B.Keep away from colourful clothes
C.Limit the time you spend behind the wheel
D.Even if you don’t give up meat entirely， adopt a plant-based diet
E.It’s a global problem， but we can all make a difference
F.The most sustainable piece is the one you have already bought
G.Persuade people in your community to eat less meat for a better environment
13. 14. 15.
16. 17.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础知识自测
维度一
1.scenery 2.splendid 3.leisure 4.landmark 5.massive
6.radiation 7.Wandering
维度二
1.construction 2.challenging 3.concerned 4.steadily
5.leisurely 6.magicians 7.engineering
维度三
1.at their leisure
2.among the top concerns
3.catch his eye
4.what to learn
5.to take place next week
6.brings to life
维度四
1.to complete 2.challenges 3.among 4.have been built 5.freely 6.To prevent 7.and 8.was moved 9.enjoyed 10.from
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马达加斯加的扎哈米纳国家公园。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，该公园由于受到严格保护，只有部分地区向公众开放。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，该公园独特的山地为生态多样性的发展提供了有利的条件。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，该国家公园得名于当地的扎哈梅纳树。
4.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要从地理位置、公园特点以及名字来源等方面介绍了马达加斯加的扎哈米纳国家公园。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越南农民Ho Khanh发现世界上最大洞穴“韩松洞”的经过。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的My family were very poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some aloe ...可知，Ho Khanh进入森林深处是想找些芦荟，结果碰巧发现了“韩松洞”。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的a group of cavers from Britain came to ask Khanh for help可知，这些来自英国的探察洞穴者相信Ho Khanh的故事。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I first found the cave about thirty years ago， in 1991和最后一段中的In 2009， Khanh headed to the jungle one cold winter’s morning.可知，Ho Khanh再次找到“韩松洞”是在18年之后。
8.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的What is special about him is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in the world.可知，文章主要讲述了越南农民Ho Khanh发现世界上最大的洞穴“韩松洞”的经过。
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。为了弄清楚生态系统的运转，科学家们建立了数学模型，通过模型发现不同层次的物种之间的依存关系，而人类作为最高层的掠食动物，其一举一动都会影响整个生态系统。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When a predator （掠食动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the two species are strongly linked可知，如果某种掠食动物总是吃一种猎物，那么它们之间的联系就很紧密。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，顶端掠食动物数量的细小变化都会给整个生态系统带来大变化。
11.A 推理判断题。第四段开头说，无计划的人类活动已经证明顶端掠食动物能自上而下地控制其他物种，然后说到人类对海洋和陆地的顶端掠食动物的捕杀，这些行为极大地影响了生态平衡。因此A项（失控的人类活动极大地扰乱了生态系统）是对这一段最好的总结。
12.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，“早期预警系统”是以数学模型为基础建立的，能告诉我们什么时候应该改变人类把生态系统逼向崩溃的活动，然后说“预防是关键”。因此早期预警系统通过表明采取预防措施的迫切需要来帮助我们维持生态平衡。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为保护全球环境，阻止气候变暖，作为个人如何减少碳足迹。
13.E 根据下句Here are four high-impact actions.可知，此处应鼓励人们采取行动，共同为阻止全球变暖而努力。
14.D 根据上句可知，全球畜牧业与每辆汽车、每辆卡车、每架飞机排放的温室气体一样多，因此作者建议人们采取以植物为主的饮食，这有助于减少温室气体的排放。
15.F 根据上句可知，最好的做法就是少买衣服，F项所表达的意思符合语境。
16.A 本段介绍了减少乘坐飞机的次数也利于缓解全球变暖，建议人们乘坐火车出行，因此本段的主题句是A项。
17.C 上句作者建议多步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具，暗示人们尽量少开车。
5 / 5Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The Sky Railway
[1]Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to① travel along the railway [2]that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.The train has been racing along steadily② since it left Xining.All this time， the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.The words “railways like massive③ dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid④ as I travel across the “roof of the world”.
[1]Sitting back ...为动词-ing短语作时间状语，相当于When I sit back in my seat。
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词railway。
I was one of the people [3]who came from all parts of China to work on this railway.[4]Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges⑤.[5]How to protect the delicate⑥ ecosystem was among the top concerns⑦.
[3]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[4]Taking years ...为动词-ing形式作状语。
[5]“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作主语。
The first landmark⑧ [6]to catch my eye⑨ is the splendid⑩ Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge [7]built over permafrost .Look！ A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure .Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway [8]to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.
[6]to catch my eye为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰landmark。
[7]built over ...为动词-ed形式作后置定语，修饰bridge。
[8]to allow ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[9]To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands ， 675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140，000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem .
[9]To prevent damage ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
The journey has been flying by ， and before I know it， we have reached Tanggula Station.[10]Located at over 5，000 metres above sea level， this is the highest railway station in the world.In locations such as this， [11]the thin air， changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers.[12]To make sure we stayed healthy， several oxygen-making stations were constructed .We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.
[10]Located at ...为动词-ed形式作状语。
[11]the thin air， changeable weather and ...为并列主语。
[12]To make sure ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[13]As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and achievement.[14]Using thousands and thousands of sandbags， we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.Cuona Lake is [15]so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life .
[13]As引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
[14]Using thousands ...为动词-ing短语作状语。
[15]so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.Now， thanks to our efforts， passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes .I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with the care that the environment deserves .It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”.
【读文清障】
①be about to
即将；刚要；正打算
②steadily adv.平稳地
③massive adj.巨大的
④vivid adj.生动的；逼真的
⑤overcome the challenges克服挑战
⑥delicate adj.脆弱的
⑦among the top concerns 最关心的问题之一
⑧landmark n.地标
⑨catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
⑩splendid adj.壮丽的
permafrost n.永久冻土层
Tibetan adj.西藏的
antelope n.羚羊
leisure n.空闲，闲暇
at one’s leisure 空闲时
passage n.通道；走廊；通路
unaware adj.不知道的，无意识的；未察觉到的
wetland n.湿地
grassland n.草原
distinct adj.独特的；明显的
ecosystem n.生态系统
fly by 飞逝
radiation n.辐射
construct v.建造，修建
thousands and thousands of 成千上万的
protect ...from ...保护……免受……
mirror-like adj.如镜面般的
wander v.徘徊
scenery n.风景，景色
bring ...to life 使……更生动；使……苏醒过来
plateau n.高原
thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
landscape n.风景，景色；风景画，山水画
deserve v.应受，应得
extraordinary adj.非凡的；特别的
【参考译文】
天 路
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。火车从西宁出发，向前平稳行驶。一路上，我的脑海中不断回响起《天路》这首歌曲。当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。
修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地，而我就是其中之一。它历时数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。其中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。铁路桥下修建了33条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样，野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年，它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸而过。
为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间建造了675座大桥，总长度约160千米。我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往一个新的区域，以保护其独特的生态系统。
火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。在这样的高海拔环境中，氧气稀薄，天气多变，还有强烈的紫外线辐射，这些恐怕是我们铁路工人面临的最大挑战。因此建造了多个制氧站以确保工人的身体健康，我们还会定期到低海拔地区休整。
火车经过措那湖时，一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。当年，沿着措那湖边，我们用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护墙，使它免受建筑废料的污染。现在，措那湖离火车这么近，我好想伸出手去摸一摸它那镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
几个世纪以来，青藏高原是无数人向往的地方。如今，由于我们的付出，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。青藏铁路真是一条了不起的“天路”。
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What am I according to the text？
A.A traveler to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
B.A conductor of the great railway.
C.One person to work on this railway.
D.A journalist to write for people’s efforts.
2.Why do Tibetan antelopes seem unaware of the speeding train？
A.Because they are eating grass at their leisure.
B.Because the passages under the bridge keep them off.
C.Because the train above the bridge is so fast.
D.Because the world’s longest bridge is over permafrost.
3.What is one of the hardest challenges in Tanggula Station？
A.The thin air makes workers there lack oxygen.
B.There were no oxygen-making stations originally.
C.It is the highest railway station in the world.
D.The low levels of UV radiation.
4.Which of the following statements about Cuona Lake is true？
A.Hundreds of sandbags were put there.
B.Cuona Lake is far away from the railway.
C.There is mirror-like water and groups of horses.
D.We built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1.Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which can be used to introduce a place.
2.Read the sixth paragraph carefully and find the sentence to describe the mood.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1.Were there any other challenges when the construction work of the railway was conducted there？
2.There are certainly many other efforts that Chinese people have made to achieve our goal.Can you list out some？
第五步：析难句表达升级
1.Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”.
句式分析 本句为复合句。Sitting back in my seat为动词-ing短语作 状语。第一个that引导 从句，作believe的 语；第二个that引导 从句，修饰先行词 ，先行词在定语从句中作主语。
自主翻译
2.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with the care that the environment deserves.
句式分析 本句为复合句。that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with the care为that引导的 从句；that the environment deserves为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
massive adj.巨大的；大而重的；结实的；非常严重的
【教材原句】 The words “railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”.
当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。
【用法】
（1）a massive hole 一个巨大的坑
massive walls 厚实的墙
a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病
（2）mass n. 块，团；大量，许多
a mass of/masses of 大量的，许多的
the masses 群众，平民百姓
be a mass of 充满，布满
【佳句】 Shortly after a massive earthquake， the city took on a new look.
一场大地震之后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
① （mass） changes have taken place in my city over the past decade.
②Air travel is much more affordable and accessible to the （mass） than it was in the 1960s.
③The patient survived .
患者在严重心脏病发作后幸免于难。
【写美】 翻译句子
④纸上满是密密麻麻的数字。
overcome the challenges 克服挑战
【教材原句】 Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.
它历时数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。
【用法】
（1）face a challenge 面对挑战
meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
（2）challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
（3）challenge vt. 向……挑战
challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事
【佳句】 Under the CPC’s leadership， China has overcome many challenges and achieved remarkable progress the world has ever seen.
在中国共产党的领导下，中国克服了许多挑战，取得了举世瞩目的成就。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①One day my cousin came to my house and challenged me a game of chess.
②There is no possibility that Mark will finish the （challenge） task by himself.
③However serious a problem you may meet， you should bravely.
不管你遇到多么严重的问题，你都应该勇敢地面对这个挑战。
【写美】 翻译句子
④他第一个站出来，说他愿意接受这个挑战。
among the top concerns最关心的问题之一
【教材原句】 How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
【用法】
（1）concern n. 担心，忧虑
have no concern with ... 和……无关
（2）concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；与……有关
（3）concerned adj. 担心的；感兴趣的
be concerned about/for 关心……
be concerned with ... 与……有关，涉及……；对……感兴趣
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
（4）concerning prep. 有关；涉及
【佳句】 Student’s stress and anxiety have become major concerns for schools， as they can affect academic performance and mental health.
学生的压力和焦虑已成为学校的主要关注点，因为它们会影响学业成绩和心理健康。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The new film is concerned the relationship between humans and environment.
②There have been seen so many school bus accidents recently.As a result， people are concerned the school bus safety much.
③Honestly speaking， I the matter.
诚实地说，我与此事无关。
【写美】 翻译句子
④就我而言，你可以听一些中文广播节目来提高你的发音。
catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
【教材原句】 The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。
【用法】
catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
catch one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch hold of 抓住
catch sight of 看到；瞥见
catch up with 赶上
【佳句】 He was walking in the park when a massive cloud caught his eye.
他正在公园里散步，这时一大片乌云映入眼帘。
【联想】 含eye（s）的相关短语：
to one’s eye 在某人看来
keep an eye on 照看；留意
before/in front of one’s eyes 当着某人的面
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She always grasps my arms tightly when she catches sight the violent scene in the movie.
②To catch with the advanced world levels in science and technology， we’ll have to go faster.
③When he was walking past me， I .
他从我身边走过时，我抓住了他的手。
【写美】 翻译句子
④当她看到那只熊时，她屏住了呼吸。
at one’s leisure空闲时；悠闲地
【教材原句】 A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。
【用法】
（1）at leisure 闲散；悠闲；从容
leisure time 闲暇时间
leisure centre 娱乐中心
leisure activities 休闲活动
leisure interests 业余兴趣
（2）leisurely adj. 悠闲的
adv. 悠闲地；从容不迫地
【佳句】 I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure.
我建议你把表格带回去有空的时候看。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When I stayed in the countryside， I used to enjoyed a （leisure） walk in the fields.
②A copy of the report is available for you to look through your leisure.
【写美】 翻译句子
③约翰正在不慌不忙地修理着他的航模。
wander v.徘徊，闲逛；偏离（正道）；走神；神志恍惚；（思想）开小差
【教材原句】 Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
【用法】
wander from 从……离开
wander over＋地点 在某处闲逛
【佳句】 Rather than go home， he always prefers to wander in the street when his parents quarrel.
当他的父母吵架时，他总是宁愿在街上徘徊也不愿回家。
【易混】 wonder既可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。用作动词时，意为“想知道；想弄明白；琢磨”；用作名词时，意为“惊讶；惊奇；奇迹；奇观”。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①One morning， Tracy found a lost dog （wander） around the school.
②David （wander） in the street alone when someone patted him on the shoulder.
③She around the streets.
她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。
【写美】 翻译句子
④他喜欢在乡间漫步。
scenery n.风景，景色
【教材原句】 Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
【用法】
（1）scene指局部的、一眼可见全貌的风景或景色，也常指戏剧、电影、小说等的场景。
（2）view主要指从某个位置或角度看到的景色。
（3）scenery指某一国家或地区的整体的自然风景。
（4）sight指供人游览的“景”或“景色”，尤指人工制成的景，常用复数形式。
【佳句】 We stopped to admire the scenery.
我们停下来欣赏风景。
【练透】 选词填空（scene， scenery， view， sight）
①He lives in the large room whose windows face south， where he could have a good .
②When we mount the Longevity Hill， we can see all pleasant at once.
③There is a happy of children playing in the garden.
④The Great Wall is one of the wonderful in the world.
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作主语
【教材原句】 How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
【用法】
How to protect the delicate ecosystem为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作主语。
（1）常见的疑问词有疑问代词who， what（无选择范围）， which（有选择范围）等和疑问副词how， when， where等。
（2）该结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
【品悟】 How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
这些学生经常讨论如何提高英语水平。
【写美】 微写作
①在班会上，我们就寒假要做什么进行了讨论。
We had a discussion on during the winter vacation at the class meeting.
②当问题出现时，我们正在考虑如何实施我们的计划。
We were considering when the question appeared.
③何时在实验室里进行这些测试是有必要核实的。
in the lab is necessary to check.
句型公式： 动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
【教材原句】 The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。
【用法】
句中to catch my eye为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰landmark。英语中常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语的情况如下：
（1）被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
（2）被修饰词前有the only， the very， the next等词时；
（3）抽象名词time， way， ability， reason， chance， courage， opportunity等后常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语；
（4）不定代词something， nothing， little等后常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语。
【点津】 （1）作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要有必要的介词。
（2）如果动词不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出，则不定式应使用被动语态。
【写美】 微写作
①她是第一位在太空中完成太空授课的女航天员。（投稿）
She was .
②亨利出生在一个贫穷的家庭，没有机会上学。
Born into a poor family， Henry had no chance .
③解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。（建议信）
The best way is to depend on yourself.
④Mr Johnson是唯一一个被邀请参加会议的外教。（告知信）
Mr Johnson to attend the meeting.
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖语篇】
第一步
1.the “roof of the world” 2.delicate 3.passages
4.antelopes 5.wetlands 6.grasslands
7.oxygen-making stations 8.wall 9.lake
10.magical landscapes
第二步
1－4 CBAD
第三步
1.The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
2.As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and achievement.
第四步
1.Yes， there were certainly some other challenges when the work was conducted at the beginning， such as the question of transportation， water supply， language variety and so on.
2.There are many other efforts that Chinese people have made to achieve our goal of constructing our modern China， such as our devotion to defeating the virus， the various construction work of China， the devotion to different careers and so on.
第五步
1.时间 宾语 宾 定语 railway
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
2.宾语 定语
我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.①Massive ②masses ③a massive heart attack
④The paper was covered with a mass of/masses of figures.
2.①to ②challenging ③face the challenge
④He was the first one to stand out， saying he would like to accept/take up the challenge.
3.①with ②about/for ③have no concern with
④As far as I’m concerned， you can listen to some Chinese radio programmes to improve your pronunciation.
4.①of ②up ③caught hold of his hand
④When she saw the bear， she caught her breath.
5.①leisurely ②at
③John is repairing his model plane at leisure.
6.①wandering ②was wandering ③wandered aimlessly ④He likes to wander over the countryside.
7.①view ②scenery ③scene ④sights
重点句型解构
1.①what to do ②how to carry out our plan
③When to do the tests
2.①the first female astronaut to give a class in space
②to attend school ③to solve the problem
④is the only foreign teacher to be invited
11 / 11(共114张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·释疑难
目 录
4
课时检测·提能力
3
核心知识·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖语篇
篇章助解·释疑难
力推课前预习
1
The Sky Railway
[1]Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to
① travel along the railway [2]that many foreign experts claimed was
“impossible”.The train has been racing along steadily② since it left
Xining.All this time， the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside
my head.The words “railways like massive③ dragons are winding
among the mountains” seem particularly vivid④ as I travel across the
“roof of the world”.
[1]Sitting back ...为动词-ing短语作时间状语，相当于When I sit
back in my seat。
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词railway。
【读文清障】
①be about to 即将；刚要；正打算
②steadily adv.平稳地
③massive adj.巨大的
④vivid adj.生动的；逼真的
I was one of the people [3]who came from all parts of China to
work on this railway.[4]Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet
Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult
engineering challenges⑤.[5]How to protect the delicate⑥ ecosystem was
among the top concerns⑦.
[3]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[4]Taking years ...为动词-ing形式作状语。
[5]“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作主语。
⑤overcome the challenges克服挑战
⑥delicate adj.脆弱的
⑦among the top concerns 最关心的问题之一
The first landmark⑧ [6]to catch my eye⑨ is the splendid⑩
Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge [7]built over
permafrost .Look！ A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under
the bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure .Thirty-
three passages have been built under the railway [8]to allow the
animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.Wild animals
such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for
years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over
100 kilometres an hour.
[6]to catch my eye为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰
landmark。
[7]built over ...为动词-ed形式作后置定语，修饰bridge。
[8]to allow ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
⑧landmark n.地标
⑨catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
⑩splendid adj.壮丽的
permafrost n.永久冻土层
Tibetan adj.西藏的
antelope n.羚羊
leisure n.空闲，闲暇
at one’s leisure 空闲时
passage n.通道；走廊；通路
unaware adj.不知道的，无意识的；未察觉到的
[9]To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands ， 675
bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between
Golmud and Lhasa.We even moved 140，000 square metres of
wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem .
[9]To prevent damage ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
wetland n.湿地
grassland n.草原
distinct adj.独特的；明显的
ecosystem n.生态系统
The journey has been flying by ， and before I know it， we
have reached Tanggula Station.[10]Located at over 5，000 metres
above sea level， this is the highest railway station in the world.In
locations such as this， [11]the thin air， changeable weather and high
levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for
railway workers.[12]To make sure we stayed healthy， several oxygen-
making stations were constructed .We were also able to enjoy regular
breaks in lower areas.
[10]Located at ...为动词-ed形式作状语。
[11]the thin air， changeable weather and ...为并列主语。
[12]To make sure ...为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
fly by 飞逝
radiation n.辐射
construct v.建造，修建
[13]As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and
achievement.[14]Using thousands and thousands of sandbags， we
built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from
construction waste.Cuona Lake is [15]so close to the railway that I
want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.Water
birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep wandering the
grasslands bring the scenery to life .
[13]As引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。
[14]Using thousands ...为动词-ing短语作状语。
[15]so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。
thousands and thousands of 成千上万的
protect ...from ...保护……免受……
mirror-like adj.如镜面般的
wander v.徘徊
scenery n.风景，景色
bring ...to life 使……更生动；使……苏醒过来
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s
admiration for centuries.Now， thanks to our efforts， passengers
from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes
.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with
the care that the environment deserves .It truly is an extraordinary
“Sky Railway”.
plateau n.高原
thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
landscape n.风景，景色；风景画，山水画
deserve v.应受，应得
extraordinary adj.非凡的；特别的
【参考译文】
天 路
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专
家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。火车从西宁出发，向前平
稳行驶。一路上，我的脑海中不断回响起《天路》这首歌曲。当火车
开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活
起来。
修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地，而我就是其中之一。它历时
数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。其中，如何保
护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上
最长的高原冻土铁路桥。看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有的则停下
来悠闲地吃草。铁路桥下修建了33条野生动物通道，让动物得以在自
然栖息地中安全自由地通行。就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样，野生动物
们使用这些通道已有数年，它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时
100多千米的速度呼啸而过。
为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间建造了675
座大桥，总长度约160千米。我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往
一个新的区域，以保护其独特的生态系统。
火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。
它位于海拔5，000多米的地方，是世界上海拔最高的火车站。在这样
的高海拔环境中，氧气稀薄，天气多变，还有强烈的紫外线辐射，这
些恐怕是我们铁路工人面临的最大挑战。因此建造了多个制氧站以确
保工人的身体健康，我们还会定期到低海拔地区休整。
火车经过措那湖时，一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。当
年，沿着措那湖边，我们用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保
护墙，使它免受建筑废料的污染。现在，措那湖离火车这么近，我好
想伸出手去摸一摸它那镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，
在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
几个世纪以来，青藏高原是无数人向往的地方。如今，由于我们
的付出，来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。我们
建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我
为此感到骄傲和自豪。青藏铁路真是一条了不起的“天路”。
文本透析·剖语篇
助力语篇理解
2
第一步：析架构理清脉络
Skim the passage and fill in the blanks.
第二步：知细节明察秋毫
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1. What am I according to the text？
A. A traveler to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
B. A conductor of the great railway.
C. One person to work on this railway.
D. A journalist to write for people’s efforts.
2. Why do Tibetan antelopes seem unaware of the speeding train？
A. Because they are eating grass at their leisure.
B. Because the passages under the bridge keep them off.
C. Because the train above the bridge is so fast.
D. Because the world’s longest bridge is over permafrost.
3. What is one of the hardest challenges in Tanggula Station？
A. The thin air makes workers there lack oxygen.
B. There were no oxygen-making stations originally.
C. It is the highest railway station in the world.
D. The low levels of UV radiation.
4. Which of the following statements about Cuona Lake is true？
A. Hundreds of sandbags were put there.
B. Cuona Lake is far away from the railway.
C. There is mirror-like water and groups of horses.
D. We built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake.
第三步：品语言妙笔生辉
1. Read the third paragraph carefully and find the sentence which can
be used to introduce a place.
2. Read the sixth paragraph carefully and find the sentence to describe
the mood.
The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe
Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
As we pass Cuona Lake， I feel a sense of pride and
achievement.
第四步：拓思维品质提升
Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Were there any other challenges when the construction work of the
railway was conducted there？
Yes， there were certainly some other challenges when the work
was conducted at the beginning， such as the question of
transportation， water supply， language variety and so on.
2. There are certainly many other efforts that Chinese people have
made to achieve our goal.Can you list out some？
There are many other efforts that Chinese people have made to
achieve our goal of constructing our modern China， such as our
devotion to defeating the virus， the various construction work of
China， the devotion to different careers and so on.
第五步：析难句表达升级
1. Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to
travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was
“impossible”.
句式分析 本句为复合句。Sitting back in my seat为动词-ing短语
作 状语。第一个that引导 从句，作believe
的 语；第二个that引导 从句，修饰先行
词 ，先行词在定语从句中作主语。
自主翻译
时间
宾语
宾
定语
railway
靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着
许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
2. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway， and did so with
the care that the environment deserves.
句式分析 本句为复合句。that we built our “impossible” railway，
and did so with the care为that引导的 从句；that the
environment deserves为that引导的 从句。
自主翻译
宾语
定语
我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地
环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。
核心知识·巧突破
探究课堂重点
3
Part Ⅰ 核心词汇集释
massive adj.巨大的；大而重的；结实的；非常严重的
【教材原句】 The words “railways like massive dragons are winding
among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the
“roof of the world”.
当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生
动鲜活起来。
（1）a massive hole 一个巨大的坑
massive walls 厚实的墙
a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病
（2）mass n. 块，团；大量，许多
a mass of/masses of 大量的，许多的
the masses 群众，平民百姓
be a mass of 充满，布满
【用法】
【佳句】 Shortly after a massive earthquake， the city took on a
new look.
一场大地震之后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
① （mass） changes have taken place in my city over the
past decade.
②Air travel is much more affordable and accessible to the
（mass） than it was in the 1960s.
③The patient survived .
患者在严重心脏病发作后幸免于难。
Massive
masses
a massive heart attack
【写美】 翻译句子
④纸上满是密密麻麻的数字。
The paper was covered with a mass of/masses of figures.
overcome the challenges 克服挑战
【教材原句】 Taking years to complete， the Qinghai-Tibet Railway
is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult
engineering challenges.它历时数年建成，凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难
题的全部心血。
（1）face a challenge 面对挑战
meet the challenge of 迎接……的挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
（2）challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
（3）challenge vt. 向……挑战
challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战某事
challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事
【用法】
【佳句】 Under the CPC’s leadership， China has overcome many
challenges and achieved remarkable progress the world has ever seen.
在中国共产党的领导下，中国克服了许多挑战，取得了举世瞩目
的成就。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①One day my cousin came to my house and challenged me a
game of chess.
②There is no possibility that Mark will finish the
（challenge） task by himself.
to
challenging
③However serious a problem you may meet， you should
bravely.
不管你遇到多么严重的问题，你都应该勇敢地面对这个挑战。
【写美】 翻译句子
④他第一个站出来，说他愿意接受这个挑战。
face the
challenge
He was the first one to stand out， saying he would like to
accept/take up the challenge.
among the top concerns最关心的问题之一
【教材原句】 How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the
top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
（1）concern n. 担心，忧虑
have no concern with ... 和……无关
（2）concern vt. （使）担忧；涉及；与……有关
（3）concerned adj. 担心的；感兴趣的
be concerned about/for 关心……
be concerned with ... 与……有关，涉及……；对……感兴趣
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
（4）concerning prep. 有关；涉及
【用法】
【佳句】 Student’s stress and anxiety have become major concerns
for schools， as they can affect academic performance and mental
health.
学生的压力和焦虑已成为学校的主要关注点，因为它们会影响学业成
绩和心理健康。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①The new film is concerned the relationship between
humans and environment.
with
②There have been seen so many school bus accidents recently.As a
result， people are concerned the school bus safety
much.
③Honestly speaking， I the matter.
诚实地说，我与此事无关。
【写美】 翻译句子
④就我而言，你可以听一些中文广播节目来提高你的发音。
about/for
have no concern with
As far as I’m concerned， you can listen to some Chinese radio
programmes to improve your pronunciation.
catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
【教材原句】 The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid
Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长
的高原冻土铁路桥。
catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
catch one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch hold of 抓住
catch sight of 看到；瞥见
catch up with 赶上
【用法】
【佳句】 He was walking in the park when a massive cloud caught
his eye.
他正在公园里散步，这时一大片乌云映入眼帘。
【联想】 含eye（s）的相关短语：
to one’s eye 在某人看来
keep an eye on 照看；留意
before/in front of one’s eyes 当着某人的面
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She always grasps my arms tightly when she catches sight the
violent scene in the movie.
②To catch with the advanced world levels in science and
technology， we’ll have to go faster.
③When he was walking past me， I .
他从我身边走过时，我抓住了他的手。
【写美】 翻译句子
④当她看到那只熊时，她屏住了呼吸。
of
up
caught hold of his hand
When she saw the bear， she caught her breath.
at one’s leisure空闲时；悠闲地
【教材原句】 A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the
bridge， with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.一群藏羚羊正
从桥下走过，有的则停下来悠闲地吃草。
（1）at leisure 闲散；悠闲；从容
leisure time 闲暇时间
leisure centre 娱乐中心
leisure activities 休闲活动
leisure interests 业余兴趣
（2）leisurely adj. 悠闲的
adv. 悠闲地；从容不迫地
【用法】
【佳句】 I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your
leisure.
我建议你把表格带回去有空的时候看。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①When I stayed in the countryside， I used to enjoyed a
（leisure） walk in the fields.
②A copy of the report is available for you to look through your
leisure.
leisurely
at
【写美】 翻译句子
③约翰正在不慌不忙地修理着他的航模。
John is repairing his model plane at leisure.
wander v.徘徊，闲逛；偏离（正道）；走神；神志恍惚；（思想）
开小差
【教材原句】 Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep
wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戏的水
鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
【用法】
wander from 从……离开
wander over＋地点 在某处闲逛
【佳句】 Rather than go home， he always prefers to wander in the
street when his parents quarrel.
当他的父母吵架时，他总是宁愿在街上徘徊也不愿回家。
【易混】 wonder既可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。用作动词
时，意为“想知道；想弄明白；琢磨”；用作名词时，意为“惊讶；惊
奇；奇迹；奇观”。
【练透】 单句语法填空/补全句子
①One morning， Tracy found a lost dog （wander）
around the school.
②David （wander） in the street alone when
someone patted him on the shoulder.
③She around the streets.
她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡。
【写美】 翻译句子
④他喜欢在乡间漫步。
wandering
was wandering
wandered aimlessly
He likes to wander over the countryside.
scenery n.风景，景色
【教材原句】 Water birds playing in the lake， and cattle and sheep
wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.在湖面上嬉戏的水
鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
（1）scene指局部的、一眼可见全貌的风景或景色，也常指戏剧、
电影、小说等的场景。
（2）view主要指从某个位置或角度看到的景色。
（3）scenery指某一国家或地区的整体的自然风景。
（4）sight指供人游览的“景”或“景色”，尤指人工制成的景，常用复
数形式。
【用法】
【佳句】 We stopped to admire the scenery.
我们停下来欣赏风景。
【练透】 选词填空（scene， scenery， view， sight）
①He lives in the large room whose windows face south， where he
could have a good .
②When we mount the Longevity Hill， we can see all
pleasant at once.
③There is a happy of children playing in the garden.
④The Great Wall is one of the wonderful in the world.
view
scenery
scene
sights
Part Ⅱ 重点句型解构
句型公式：“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作主语
【教材原句】 How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the
top concerns.
如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。
How to protect the delicate ecosystem为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结
构，在句中作主语。
（1）常见的疑问词有疑问代词who， what（无选择范围）， which
（有选择范围）等和疑问副词how， when， where等。
（2）该结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。作主语
时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
【用法】
【品悟】 How to improve English is often discussed among the
students.这些学生经常讨论如何提高英语水平。
【写美】 微写作
①在班会上，我们就寒假要做什么进行了讨论。
We had a discussion on during the winter vacation at
the class meeting.
②当问题出现时，我们正在考虑如何实施我们的计划。
We were considering when the question
appeared.
③何时在实验室里进行这些测试是有必要核实的。
in the lab is necessary to check.
what to do
how to carry out our plan
When to do the tests
句型公式： 动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
【教材原句】 The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid
Qingshuihe Bridge， the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长
的高原冻土铁路桥。
句中to catch my eye为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰
landmark。英语中常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语的情况如下：
（1）被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级
修饰时；
（2）被修饰词前有the only， the very， the next等词时；
（3）抽象名词time， way， ability， reason， chance， courage，
opportunity等后常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语；
（4）不定代词something， nothing， little等后常用动词不定式（短
语）作后置定语。
【用法】
【点津】 （1）作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后
面就要有必要的介词。
（2）如果动词不定式所表示的动作不是由主语发出，则不定式应使
用被动语态。
【写美】 微写作
①她是第一位在太空中完成太空授课的女航天员。（投稿）
She was .
②亨利出生在一个贫穷的家庭，没有机会上学。
Born into a poor family， Henry had no chance .
the first female astronaut to give a class in space
to attend school
③解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。（建议信）
The best way is to depend on yourself.
④Mr Johnson是唯一一个被邀请参加会议的外教。（告知信）
Mr Johnson to
attend the meeting.
to solve the problem
is the only foreign teacher to be invited
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
4
维度一：品句填词
1. In addition to the beautiful （景色）， the poem
conveys the poet’s affection for a young lady.
2. Standing in front of the （壮丽的） building， the
young man was very excited.
3. We talked together， we spent our （空闲） time
together， and except for school and work， we were never apart.
scenery
splendid
leisure
4. The Bird’s Nest in Beijing is a famous （地标） of
our capital.
5. While they were crossing the river， a （巨大的）
rock fell off the mountain.
6. The woman decided to wear a pair of glasses to avoid r
while working at the computer.
7. W in the street， we were astonished at the dramatic
change of the small town.
landmark
massive
adiation
andering
维度二：词形转换
1. There is concern that the （construct） company
that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.
2. In the coming three years， our school life will be
（challenge） and you will try to adapt to your new life.
3. More staff are needed to meet the demands of the people who
are （concern） about their physical well-being.
4. With the widespread use of the Internet， communications across
the world have developed （steady）.
construction
challenging
concerned
steadily
5. The boy was sitting in his chair （leisure），
absorbed in the magazine he was reading.
6. They all think he is one of the most wonderful
（magic） in the world.
7. Their inventions have contributed to the development of
electrical （engineer）.
leisurely
magicians
engineering
维度三：固定搭配和句式
1. They would rather spend time reading than wandering in the
street （空闲时）.
2. How to deal with the situation was
（最关心的问题之一）.
3. The moment a tourist enters the forest， one amazing view after
another will （引起他的注意）.
4. It is my honour to be here to share with you my opinions on
（要学习什么） in senior high school.
at their leisure
among the top concerns
catch his eye
what
to learn
5. The 30th sports meeting （下周举行
的） is sure to be a great success.
6. Adapted from Milan Trenc’s novel， the film Night at the
Museum （使……更生动） a world where
dinosaurs wander the earth.
to take place next week
brings to life
维度四：课文语法填空
Many foreign experts claimed the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was
“impossible”.It takes years 1. （complete） the
Qinghai-Tibet Railway， which is a record of all of our efforts to
overcome the most difficult engineering 2.
（challenge）.How to protect the delicate ecosystem was 3.
the top concerns.
to complete
challenges
among
In order to protect wild animals， thirty-three passages 4.
（build） under the railway to allow the animals to move
safely and 5. （free） in their natural habitat.6.
（prevent） damage to wetlands and grasslands， 675
bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between
Golmud 7. Lhasa.140，000 square metres of wetland
have
been built
freely
To
prevent
and
8. （move） to a new area in order to protect its distinct
ecosystem.To make sure the workers stayed healthy， several oxygen-
making stations were constructed.The workers also 9.
（enjoy） regular breaks in lower areas.To protect Cuona Lake，
thousands and thousands of sandbags were used to build a twenty-
kilometre wall along the lake to protect it 10. construction
waste.
I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway in the world
with the care that the environment deserves.
was moved
enjoyed
from
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Set 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Ambatondrazaka， the
Zahamena National Park’s landscape consists of valleys surrounded by
a flowing mountain range.
It has an overall land coverage of 64，300 hectares， but only
42，000 hectares is open to the public due to strict conservation （环
境保护） reasons.It receives an average yearly rainfall level of about 6
feet and experiences frequent rain showers even during the dry season
between April and October.
One really interesting thing about the Zahamena National Park is
that the unique territory of its highland has paved the way for the
development of several ecosystems that exist at the same time in this
park.This is the reason why the types of wildlife living in one area are
different in another， which makes it quite exciting to explore.
This protected area is divided into two parts， with a separate
piece of land in the middle where many small villages are
situated.These villages are inhabited （居住） by the members of the
Sihanaka and Betsimisaraka ethnic groups.
The Zahamena National Park gets its name from the local Zahana
Mena tree， an uncommon type of hardwood that grows in the lower
regions of this protected area.It is characterized by its resilient （坚韧
的） wood that can be rather challenging to cut， join， shape and
carve even with modern tools.
Established as a strict natural highland reserve in 1927 （and one
of the first of its kind in all of Madagascar）， the Zahamena National
Park was officially given its national park status （地位） in 1997 and
was eventually opened to the public.Due to its remarkable territory
and unique biodiversity， this national park was later listed as a key
part of the collective UNESCO World Heritage Site called the
Rainforests of the Atsinanana in 2007.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马达加斯加的扎哈
米纳国家公园。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马达加斯加的扎哈
米纳国家公园。
1. What can we learn about the Zahamena National Park？
A. It is surrounded by the city of Ambatondrazaka.
B. It receives little rainfall during the dry season.
C. It is partially open to the public.
D. It is divided into three parts.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，该公园由于受到
严格保护，只有部分地区向公众开放。
2. What has contributed to several ecosystems in the Zahamena
National Park？
A. The strict conservation rules.
B. The unique weather conditions.
C. The special territory of its highland.
D. The influence of several local villages.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，该公园独特的山
地为生态多样性的发展提供了有利的条件。
3. What is the Zahamena National Park named after？
A. An ethnic group. B. A type of local tree.
C. A traditional tool. D. A nearby city.
解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，该国家公园
得名于当地的扎哈梅纳树。
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. A brief introduction to the Zahamena National Park.
B. A complete guide to visiting the Zahamena National Park.
C. Details of Zahamena National Park’s great efforts in conservation.
D. Reasons for Zahamena National Park becoming a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要从地理位置、
公园特点以及名字来源等方面介绍了马达加斯加的扎哈米纳国
家公园。
B
Ho Khanh is a middle-aged farmer， living in a village on the
edge of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in Vietnam.What is special
about him is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in
the world.
“I first found the cave about thirty years ago， in 1991，” he
says.“I was out collecting firewood near the national park.My family
were very poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some
aloe， which is very valuable.Not many people went that far into the
forest because they were afraid of the wild animals.”
Soon Khanh lost his way.“I sat down with my back to a huge
round rock，” he says.“Then I heard the sound of a strong wind and
running water coming from behind me.”He found the entrance to a
huge cave， with a wide river coming out of it.Khanh thought he was
walking into a great cave.With no ropes or lights， he did not go
further into it.
Khanh’s story spread like wildfire， but not everyone believed
him.“I wanted to prove that I was telling the truth， but I couldn’t
remember the way to the cave.” Then one morning early in the winter
of 2006， a group of cavers from Britain came to ask Khanh for
help， as they had heard about his discovery fifteen years before.
Khanh agreed to help the team to find the cave， but after three
days in the jungle， they lost their way.“I just couldn’t remember
where it was，” he says.The team came back twice， but each time
they were beaten by the thick jungle.Finally the cavers left.
In 2009， Khanh headed to the jungle one cold winter’s
morning.“I stopped by a big round rock，” he says.“There was the
same strong wind， the sound of water running — I knew I’d found
the cave at long last.” Soon the British cavers returned and followed
Khanh on a six-hour trip deep into the jungle.On 14 April they found
Son Doong.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越南农民Ho Khanh
发现世界上最大洞穴“韩松洞”的经过。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了越南农民Ho Khanh
发现世界上最大洞穴“韩松洞”的经过。
5. Ho Khanh first discovered Son Doong when he was .
A. looking for aloe
B. collecting firewood
C. catching some animals
D. cutting down trees in the forest
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的My family were very
poor， so I decided to go deeper into the forest to find some aloe ...
可知，Ho Khanh进入森林深处是想找些芦荟，结果碰巧发现了“韩
松洞”。
6. What did the British cavers think of Ho Khanh’s story？
A. They doubted it.
B. They believed it.
C. They were uncertain of it.
D. They had little interest in it.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的a group of cavers from
Britain came to ask Khanh for help可知，这些来自英国的探察洞穴
者相信Ho Khanh的故事。
7. How long did it take for Ho Khanh to find Son Doong again？
A. One year. B. Three years.
C. Fifteen years. D. Eighteen years.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的I first found the cave
about thirty years ago， in 1991和最后一段中的In 2009， Khanh
headed to the jungle one cold winter’s morning.可知，Ho Khanh再
次找到“韩松洞”是在18年之后。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. How Son Doong was discovered.
B. How Son Doong got its name.
C. A young farmer in Vietnam.
D. A national park in Vietnam.
解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的What is special about him
is that he has discovered Son Doong， the largest cave in the world.
可知，文章主要讲述了越南农民Ho Khanh发现世界上最大的洞穴
“韩松洞”的经过。
C
How does an ecosystem work？What makes the populations of
different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so
few wolves？To find an answer， scientists have built mathematical
models of food webs， noting who eats whom and how much each one
eats.
With such models， scientists have found out some key principles
operating in food webs.Most food webs， for instance， consist of
many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator （掠
食动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the
two species are strongly linked； when a predator lives on various
species， they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by
many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the
long term.If a predator can eat several species， it can survive the
extinction of one of them.
And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find
when a prey species becomes rare， the switch allows the original prey
to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one
another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be
unstable， where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects
throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s， scientists proposed that
predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control
over the size of populations of other species — including species they
did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-
down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean， we fished for
top predators such as cod on an industrial scale， while on land， we
killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly
affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on
mathematical models.Ideally， the system would tell us when to adapt
human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown
or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the
borderline.Prevention is key， scientists say， because once
ecosystems pass their tipping point （临界点）， it is remarkably
difficult for them to return.
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。为了弄清楚生态系统的运
转，科学家们建立了数学模型，通过模型发现不同层次的物种之间
的依存关系，而人类作为最高层的掠食动物，其一举一动都会影响
整个生态系统。
语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。为了弄清楚生态系统的运
转，科学家们建立了数学模型，通过模型发现不同层次的物种之间
的依存关系，而人类作为最高层的掠食动物，其一举一动都会影响
整个生态系统。
9. A strong link is found between two species when a
predator .
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When a predator （掠食
动物） always eats huge numbers of a single prey （猎物）， the
two species are strongly linked可知，如果某种掠食动物总是吃一种
猎物，那么它们之间的联系就很紧密。
10. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web
greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected
changes.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，顶端掠食动物数
量的细小变化都会给整个生态系统带来大变化。
11. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in
Paragraph 4？
A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
解析： 推理判断题。第四段开头说，无计划的人类活动已经
证明顶端掠食动物能自上而下地控制其他物种，然后说到人类对
海洋和陆地的顶端掠食动物的捕杀，这些行为极大地影响了生态
平衡。因此A项（失控的人类活动极大地扰乱了生态系统）是对
这一段最好的总结。
12. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological
balance？
A. By getting illegal practices under control.
B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，“早期预警系
统”是以数学模型为基础建立的，能告诉我们什么时候应该改变人
类把生态系统逼向崩溃的活动，然后说“预防是关键”。因此早期
预警系统通过表明采取预防措施的迫切需要来帮助我们维持生态
平衡。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Countries around the world are stepping up their efforts to fight
global warming.If we don’t reduce CO2 emissions， ice caps will
disappear， deserts will expand and extreme weather will become
more and more common. 13 .Here are four high-impact actions.
The global livestock （牲畜） industry contributes as many
greenhouse gases as every single car， truck， and airplane in the
world. 14 .It is one of the best ways you can cut your carbon
footprint.
Commit yourself to eating less meat.
Consider your clothes.
Fashion is actually the second most polluting industry in the
world.Low cost， readily accessible solutions are at hand for us
consumers.They include： Buy less. 15 .Choose ethical （合乎道德
的） brands when you are purchasing something new.Buy second-
hand things， or exchange them.
16 .
The aviation （航空） industry is only responsible for about 5％
of man-made global warming.Taking the train is a much greener way
to travel.And if you really must fly， you should consider offsetting
your carbon footprint by donating to a project that aims to reduce CO2
elsewhere.
Use electric cars.Over their lifetime they emit almost three times
less CO2 than a petrol or diesel car.You can make a difference by
choosing to walk or cycle for shorter journeys.Try to spend most time
walking， cycling or taking public transport. 17 .You could
combine two trips into one journey， or look at carpooling with
friends or colleagues.
A. Cut down on air travel
B. Keep away from colourful clothes
C. Limit the time you spend behind the wheel
D. Even if you don’t give up meat entirely， adopt a plant-based diet
Take public transport， walk or cycle.
E. It’s a global problem， but we can all make a difference
F. The most sustainable piece is the one you have already bought
G. Persuade people in your community to eat less meat for a better
environment
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为保护全球环境，阻止
气候变暖，作为个人如何减少碳足迹。
13. E 根据下句Here are four high-impact actions.可知，此处应鼓励
人们采取行动，共同为阻止全球变暖而努力。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为保护全球环境，阻止
气候变暖，作为个人如何减少碳足迹。
14. D 根据上句可知，全球畜牧业与每辆汽车、每辆卡车、每架飞
机排放的温室气体一样多，因此作者建议人们采取以植物为主的饮
食，这有助于减少温室气体的排放。
15. F 根据上句可知，最好的做法就是少买衣服，F项所表达的意思
符合语境。
16. A 本段介绍了减少乘坐飞机的次数也利于缓解全球变暖，建议人
们乘坐火车出行，因此本段的主题句是A项。
17. C 上句作者建议多步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具，暗示
人们尽量少开车。
谢谢观看！
