Section Ⅱ Using language
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的正确时态填空
1.Now that Lucy is out of work， she （consider） going back to school， but she （not， decide） yet.
2.Since that unfortunate accident last week， I （sleep） badly.
3.He （write） articles for our newspaper these three years， and he has written about thirty articles.
4.Ι （wrestle） with this physics problem for a whole morning， but I haven’t worked it out.
5.They （investigate） the murder for three weeks， and have already found some valuable clues.
6.“Your child （look） for an opportunity to climb out of the window all day long，” the man said as he gave the child back to her.
7.In the past one hour， the fire （extend） almost to the top floor， with residents crowding into roof exit.
8.Shall the kids take a break？ They （do） homework in the study for nearly two hours.
9.This is the first time that I （visit） Xi’an and I am deeply impressed with its ancient buildings.
10.Thank to your constant encouragement， I （make） great progress in my studies in the past few months.
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1.It is the first time that we the film festival in New York， so we will have a special experience.
这是我们第一次在纽约参加电影节，所以我们会有一个特别的体验。
2.Over the past decades， sea ice in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。
3.I a job for three months， and this is my first formal interview.
我一直找工作找了三个月了，这是我第一次正式面试。
4.All these years we to get in touch with him.
这些年来我们一直努力与他取得联系。
5.You seem to be very busy.What recently？
你好像很忙，最近都在做些什么啊？
6.Ever since he the factory， he importance to safety in production.
自从他接管工厂以来，他一直在强调安全生产的重要性。
7.Tom， who English for many years， is fluent in spoken English now.
汤姆多年来一直在学习英语，现在他的英语口语很流利了。
8.We for the past few weeks.I hope it will be finished next week.
过去几个星期我们一直在做这个实验。我希望下周能完成。
9.Keeping learning and improving myself is what I .
不断学习和提升自己是我一直在做的事情。
10.Since last week， the students at doing voluntary work at the nearby railway station.
自上星期以来，学生们一直轮流到附近的火车站做志愿工作。
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
Last night， I 1. （go） to see a concert by the Chinese-born Canadian artist Liu Fang.She was born in China and 2. （study） music in Shanghai， but she 3. （live） in Canada since 1996.She 4. （play） traditional Chinese music since she was very young.Last night， she 5. （perform） a series of classical Chinese pieces for the pipa and the guzheng.I 6. （buy） a CD of her music after the concert and I 7. （listen） to it all day today！
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Depending on the right combination of currents and wind， a large mass of Sargassum （马尾藻） “seaweed”circling the Gulf of Mexico may soon wash up along the US coast near Florida.The bloom （藻华），which is likely to be the largest ever recorded，is visible from space.
Sargassum is a type of leafy， rootless algae that form large floating mats on the ocean floor.It can be found in the Sargasso Sea and was first mentioned by Christopher Columbus in 1492 when he was afraid his ship would become trapped in it.
Sargassum is an important habitat for marine species because it provides food， shelter， and breeding grounds.It absorbs carbon dioxide， an important greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming， just like other floating marine vegetation， according to Phys.org.However， when tons of it gathers along coastlines， it sends out a terrible strong smell which can cause headaches， eye discomfort， and upset stomachs.Too much algae on beaches can harm marine ecosystems and make it difficult for people to keep on with their recreational and fishing activities， costing communities millions of dollars.
Scientists have been tracking the formation of large Sargassum blooms.However， this year’s bloom could be the largest ever， covering more than 8，800 kilometers from the coasts of Africa to the Gulf of Mexico and weighing 10 million tons.
It is critical to improve Sargassum management.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） not only advocates best practices in Sargassum clean-up and removal， but also cooperates with governments and communities to develop policies， standards， and measures to protect public and environmental health.FAO is also promoting ways to repurpose Sargassum， turning it into products to provide additional employment and income.In fact， small businesses are already using Sargassum to make bricks， shoes， soaps and paper.Larger businesses are considering turning Sargassum into renewable energy， bioplastics and compost.
1.Why does the author mention space in Paragraph 1？
A.To stress the Sargassum bloom is massive.
B.To explain how currents and wind combine.
C.To show what the Gulf of Mexico looks like from space.
D.To demonstrate how the Sargassum movement was tracked.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A.Sargassum’s significance in the marine economy.
B.The process of Sargassum’s moving to the coast.
C.Sargassum’s contribution to reducing global warming.
D.The double-edged effects of Sargassum’s existence.
3.How do small businesses fight against Sargassum blooms？
A.They participate in clean-up activities.
B.They help rebuild marine ecosystems.
C.They create products from Sargassum.
D.They transform Sargassum into resources.
4.What would be the best title for the text？
A.Smelly Seaweed Bloom Heads to Florida
B.FAO Now Works on Reducing Marine Litter
C.Groundbreaking Project Turns Sargassum into Plastics
D.Sargassum is Changing the Beach Vacation in Mexico
B
Engineers have launched a huge garbage collection device to gather plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii.The plastic makes up what is called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It is the world’s largest spread of garbage， twice the size of the state of Texas.
The organisation The Ocean Cleanup created the collection device.The group’s founder is Boyan Slat， a 24-year-old inventor from the Netherlands.When Slat was 16， he went diving in the Mediterranean Sea and saw more plastic bags than fish.Since then， he has made up his mind to clean up the ocean.
He told the Associated Press that researchers with his organisation have found plastic from the 1960s and 1970s among the materials in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It contains an estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in total.Most of them float on the surface of the water， or are within a few metres under the surface.
Last Saturday， a ship pulling the pipe-shaped floating barrier left San Francisco for the Garbage Patch.The barrier， called the floater， is 600 metres across.Attached to it is a screen （滤网） that hangs three metres down in the water.The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water.Sea animals can safely swim under the barrier.The clean-up system also comes with lights powered by the sun， cameras， and other special devices.Slat said these enabled the system to report its position at all times.
Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered， including bottles and fishing equipment.Slat said the containers are expected to be back on land within a year.Then the plastic will be recycled.And they will also study how the system performs in severe ocean conditions， including huge waves.
5.How did Boyan Slat react to that diving in the Mediterranean Sea？
A.He showed a great interest in diving.
B.He became worried about his safety.
C.He decided to remove the garbage in the ocean.
D.He became curious about underwater creatures.
6.What has the organisation The Ocean Cleanup found about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch？
A.Most of its plastic is half a century old.
B.It covers almost the size of the state of Texas.
C.Altogether there are about 1.8 billion pieces of plastic.
D.The majority of its plastic floats on or near the surface.
7.Why was a screen attached to the floater？
A.To power lights in the ship.
B.To protect sea animals near it.
C.To tell the position of the ship.
D.To collect plastic along the way.
8.What is the text mainly about？
A.Approaches to removing garbage in the ocean.
B.The problem of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.
C.A young man who does well in classifying garbage.
D.A huge device made to clean garbage in the ocean.
C
If you really want to go green， here’s good news：eating green is good for you.The very foods with a high carbon cost — meat， pork， dairy products， processed snacks — also tend to be filled with fat and calories.A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruit， whole grains （全谷物）， fish and lean meats （瘦肉） like chicken — a diet that is good for environment and your figure.Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.
It may be hard to believe that a meal in a fast-food restaurant produces more carbon than your trip to a faraway place.More than 37％ of the world’s land is used for agriculture， much of which was once forested.Deforestation （砍伐森林） is a major source of carbon.The fertilizer （化肥） and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint， as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate.
The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat， especially beef.Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent （相等的） amount of grains， fruit or vegetables.What’s more， the majority of cattle in the US are fed on grain and loads of it — 670 million tons in 2002 — and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems.
Focus on eating lower on the food chain， with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy.It’s simple.We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves.
9.According to the passage， what’s the benefit of eating green？
A.It will protect the animals from being killed.
B.It will promote the development of agriculture.
C.It will help us lose weight and keep self-confidence.
D.It will be good for our health and make a change for the climate.
10.What will not lead to carbon in the agriculture？
A.Grains. B.Fertiliser.
C.Machinery. D.Deforestation.
11.In the author’s opinion， what’s the most efficient way to reduce carbon in our diet？
A.To use less fertilizer.
B.To plant more grains.
C.To stop raising the cattle.
D.To eat more vegetables than meat.
12.What is the passage mainly about？
A.The change of our menu.
B.How to reduce the carbon.
C.The benefits of eating green.
D.The ways of keeping healthy.
Ⅱ.完形填空
With his leg lame and his teeth uneven， the boy thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world.He 13 played with his classmates， and when asked to answer questions， he always 14 his head without a word.
One spring， his father brought home some saplings （树苗）.Each of his children would plant a sapling and he promised，“Whoever 15 his sapling best shall get a gift.” The boy certainly wanted to get the gift.But seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees， he 16 an idea — he hoped the tree he planted would die soon.So watering it once or twice， he never 17 it.
Several days later， he was 18 to find it not only didn’t die， but also grew so many fresh pared with those of his brothers’ and sisters’， his appeared greener.His father kept his 20 ， bought the boy a gift and said he would become an outstanding 21 after growing up.
From then on， the boy slowly became 22 and confident.One evening， he suddenly remembered his biology teacher once said that plants 23 grow at night.Why not go to see the tree？
When he came to the 24 ， he found his father working near the tree！Immediately he 25 ： Father had been secretly 26 his tree！He returned to his room， tears in his eyes.
Decades passed.The boy didn’t become a botanist.Instead， he became the US president.His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
27 is the best nourishment （滋养物） of life.Even though it is just a bucket of water， it can make the tree of life grow well！
13.A.seldom B.ever
C.still D.often
14.A.helped B.raised
C.lowered D.covered
15.A.photographs B.protects
C.watches D.grows
16.A.came up with B.got rid of
C.cared for D.put forward
17.A.contributed to B.attended to
C.got used to D.turned to
18.A.amused B.frightened
C.disappointed D.surprised
19.A.roots B.flowers
C.leaves D.seeds
20.A.opinion B.balance
C.agreement D.word
21.A.teacher B.gardener
C.botanist D.president
22.A.satisfied B.upset
C.independent D.optimistic
23.A.hardly B.generally
C.recently D.probably
24.A.bedroom B.classroom
C.courtyard D.workplace
25.A.doubted B.admitted
C.wondered D.understood
26.A.cutting B.watering
C.decorating D.fertilizing
27.A.Love B.Confidence
C.Disability D.Honesty
Section Ⅱ Using language
基础知识自测
维度一
1.has been considering； hasn’t decided 2.have been sleeping
3.has been writing 4.have been wrestling 5.have been investigating 6.has been looking 7.has been extending
8.have been doing 9.have visited 10.have made
维度二
1.have taken part in
2.has been decreasing
3.have been looking for
4.have been trying
5.have you been doing
6.took over； has been attaching
7.has been studying
8.have been conducting the experiment
9.have been doing
10.have been taking turns
维度三
1.went 2.studied 3.has been living 4.has been playing 5.performed 6.bought 7.have been listening
素养能力提升
Ⅰ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马尾藻对海洋生态系统和沿海社区的影响。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在第一段中提到太空是为了强调这可能是有记录以来最大的藻华，并且从太空中可见。
2.D 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述了马尾藻的好处和危害，即马尾藻的双刃剑效应。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In fact， small businesses are already using Sargassum to make bricks， shoes， soaps and paper.可知，小企业是通过马尾藻制造产品来对抗藻华的。
4.A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了马尾藻可能沿着墨西哥湾将会在佛罗里达附近的美国海岸上冲上来，同时也提到了它的臭味和对人们的影响。故A项为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博杨·斯雷特因为在潜水时发现水中有大量垃圾，所以决定组建团队，清除海洋垃圾。该组织最近发明了一种新的装置，在清理海洋垃圾中有显著的效果。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，斯雷特在潜水时发现水中的垃圾比鱼都多，所以他下定决心清除海洋中的垃圾。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，太平洋垃圾带的大部分垃圾都漂浮在海洋的表面或水面以下几米深的地方。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water.可知，滤网是该设备在水中移动时用来收集塑料垃圾的。
8.D 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个最新的大型垃圾收集装置在清理海洋垃圾方面的作用和工作原理。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃绿色食物的好处：有益于身体健康和环境保护。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.可知，吃绿色食物有益于我们的健康，改变气候。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Deforestation （砍伐森林） is a major source ...the farm to your plate.可知，砍伐森林、肥料、机械都会导致碳排放，A项未提及。
11.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和最后一段可知，在作者看来，减少碳排放最有效的方法是多吃蔬菜少吃肉。
12.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是绿色食物不仅对身体有益而且也会有益于气候，即文章主要说明了吃绿色食物的好处。
Ⅱ.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个自认为天生不幸的小男孩经过一次种树的经历，受到父亲的鼓励和帮助而变得自信，后来成为美国总统的故事。文章旨在告诉读者：爱是滋润孩子心灵的最好的养料。
13.A 根据上下文可知，小男孩牙齿不齐又跛脚，认为自己是最不幸的，因此很少和同学们一起玩。
14.C 小男孩认为自己最不幸，且很少与同学们玩，因此被提问时总是低头逃避回答问题。lower one’s head 意为“低下头”。
15.D 父亲承诺树种得最好的人可以获得奖品。上文中的plant亦是提示。
16.A 根据下文的he hoped the tree he planted would die soon可知，小男孩想到一个主意。come up with 意为“想出，想到”； get rid of “摆脱，丢弃，毁掉”；care for “照顾”；put forward “提出”。
17.B 小男孩希望小树很快死掉，所以给它浇了一两次水之后，他再没有照顾过小树。contribute to “有助于”； attend to “照顾，关怀”；get used to “习惯于”； turn to “求助于”。
18.D 小树的成长和小男孩的心理预期相反，所以他感到惊讶。
19.C 根据Compared with those of his brothers’ and sisters’， his appeared greener.可知，与他的哥哥姐姐们的树相比，他的树显得更绿；再结合常识可推知，他的树长出了许多嫩叶。
20.D keep one’s word 意为“信守诺言”，空处和上文中的he promised相呼应。
21.C 根据倒数第二段中的The boy didn’t become a botanist.可知，此处表示父亲说小男孩长大后会成为一名出色的植物学家。
22.D 第一段中提到小男孩很少与同学们一起玩，还总是低头逃避回答问题，这表明他悲观、不开朗、不自信。种树一事是他第一次有所成就并得到鼓励，这无疑对他起到积极的作用，此前精神低落的状态逐渐改变。另外结合空后的confident一词也可推知，应选optimistic。
23.B 根据常识和下文中的Why not go to see the tree？可知，小男孩回想起生物老师说过植物一般在夜间生长。generally表示“通常，一般地”。
24.C 小男孩想去看看树，应该是去了院子里。courtyard 意为“庭院，院子”。
25.D 看到眼前的景象，小男孩立刻明白了是父亲一直在暗中帮助他给小树浇水。
26.B 参见上题解析。
27.A 小树和小男孩的共同点是都得到了关爱，此处指爱是最好的养料。
6 / 6Section Ⅱ Using language
现在完成进行时
1.All this time，the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head.
2.The journey has been flying by， and before I know it ...
3.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries.
4.Now，thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
【我的发现】
现在完成进行时表示动作开始于 ，并一直持续到现在，动作可能仍在进行，也可能刚刚结束。现在完成进行时的构成： ，如句1、句2、句3和句4。
一、概念
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。
二、结构
1.肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have）
I have been waiting for you.
我一直在等你。
2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months.
过去的两个月他一直没用车。
三、用法
1.表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点（或从句）”的时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。（从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下）
2.表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？
—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
——很抱歉，我来迟了。你们等多长时间了？
——我们已经等了你半个小时了。
3.强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感彩。
She’s been saying that twenty times.
那话她已经说了二十遍了。
4.表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1.某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时，如see， hear， know， have， like， be等。
He has been having a cold for two weeks.（×）
He has had a cold for two weeks.（√）
他已经感冒两个星期了。
2.不具有延续意义的动词，如finish， come， go， marry等不能用于现在完成进行时。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Mark （work） really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
②We haven’t decided whether to have a second child.We （think） about it the whole year.
③It seems that the water from this tap （run） for some time.We have to take it apart to put it right.
④The Chinese （make） paper for two thousand years.
⑤Car prices （decline） for six months because these prices are negotiable.
五、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1.完成性
现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调动作的完成，现在完成进行时侧重于表示未完成。
I have dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我已经拨了四次电话了，我认为办公室里没人。
I have been dialling.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我一直在打电话，我认为办公室里没人。
2.动作的持久性
现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，而现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待六周了。
3.动作的频繁性
现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作，现在完成进行时可以表示断断续续地重复的动作，但不能同表示具体次数和具体数字的词并用。
I have posted a dozen postcards， but received none.
我寄出了一打贺卡，可一张（别人给我的）也没收到。
I have been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初开始，我一直都在忙着寄贺卡。
I have read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.（√）
I have been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.（×）
《傲慢与偏见》这本书我已经读过好几遍了。
4.感彩
现在完成时感彩不浓，而现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打扰我。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人一直在说我的坏话。
5.其他用法
（1）现代英语中，如lie， rest， wait， stay， sleep等谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时。
The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes.
这个婴儿已经睡了大约十分钟了。
（2）love， know等状态动词，要用现在完成时，不用现在完成进行时。
They have known each other for ten years.
他们认识十年了。
【即时演练2】 选择填空
①— Why is the table in such a mess？
—
②Have something to eat. Here you are.
A.I’ve been making a salad.
B.I’ve made a salad.
③We have visited England .
④We have been visiting England .
A.six times
B.since we started learning English
⑤Someone has eaten our toasts.
⑥Someone has been eating our toasts.
A.There is only one toast left.
B.They are all gone.
⑦How long ？
⑧How many times ？
A.have you been trying to contact me
B.have you tried to contact me
⑨I’ve typed .
⑩I’ve been typing .
A.three letters since you came home
B.letters since you came home
economy n.经济
【教材原句】 For countries such as Costa Rica， Kenya and Nepal， ecotourism is an important part of the economy.对哥斯达黎加、肯尼亚和尼泊尔等国家来说，生态旅游是经济的重要组成部分。
【用法】
（1）economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；经济学的
economic development 经济发展
（2）economical adj. 经济的；节约的；精打细算的
（3）economics n. 经济学
（4）economist n. 经济学家
【佳句】 The number of tourists declined by at least 20％ last year because of the slow-growing economy.
由于经济增长缓慢，去年游客数量至少下降了20％。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Successful businesses are highly adaptable to （economy） change.
②Going by train is more （economy） than going by plane.
③We should be exposed to the knowledge of finance and （economic）.
【写美】 补全句子
④ makes it possible for everyone to have access to 5G network.
中国快速发展的经济使每个人使用5G网络成为可能。
disturb v.干扰，扰乱
【教材原句】 disturb the wildlife 打扰野生动物
【用法】
（1）disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
（2）disturbed adj. 心神不宁的；精神失常的；烦恼的
emotionally/mentally disturbed 情绪/精神失常的
be disturbed about 对……感到忧虑
（3）disturbance n. 打扰
【佳句】 I’m sorry to disturb you， but can I talk to you for a moment？
对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
【练透】 单句语法填空
①With her cousins making much noise in her room， the （disturb） girl cannot help frowning.
②At that time， hunger was a （disturb） problem in many parts of the countryside.
③Police are very disturbed the latest trend.
【写美】 补全句子
④Don’t run to and from in the classroom.It may .
不要在教室里来回跑，这可能会干扰其他学生。
operator n.经营者；操作员
【教材原句】 You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on some forested land.
你是一个酒店经营者，想在森林密布的地方建一个酒店。
【用法】
（1）operate vi 运转；动手术
vt. 操作；经营
operate on/upon sb 给某人动手术
（2）operation n. 手术；运转；操作
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring ...into operation 实施/施行……
【佳句】 She showed me around the building in which she once worked as a lift operator.
她带我参观了她曾经在里面做过电梯操作员的那栋大楼。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new plant is under construction and will come operation next year.
②The woman was walking up and down outside the operation room， because her son was being operated .
【写美】 补全句子
③As is estimated， more than 20 million shared bikes will have been nationwide by 2025.
据估计，到2025年，全国将有超过2，000万辆共享单车投入运营。
conservationist n.（动植物或古旧建筑的）保护工作者；环境保护主义者
【教材原句】 You are a conservationist who wants to protect the wildlife there.
你是一个环境保护主义者，想要保护那里的野生动物。
【用法】
（1）conserve vt. 保护；保存；节约
conserve energy 节约能源
（2）conservation n. （对自然环境的）保护； 防止流失
wildlife conservation 野生动物保护
（3）conservative adj. 保守的
conservative view 保守观念
【佳句】 It takes a seasoned conservationist like Mr Wang a whole year to restore just three to four paintings.
像王先生这样经验丰富的自然保护主义者，花了整整一年的时间才修复了三到四幅画。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Giant pandas are seen as living proof that （conserve） works， the numbers of which are recovering after years of decline.
②Charlie goes on a series of misadventures to find the kangaroo， with the help of Jessie， a wildlife （conserve）.
【写美】 补全句子
③Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws should be passed to .
因此，应采取有效措施并通过法律来保护环境。
Section Ⅱ Using language
【重难语法·要攻克】
我的发现
1.过去 2.have/has been＋现在分词
即时演练1
①has been working ②have been thinking ③has been running ④have been making ⑤have been declining
即时演练2
①A ②B ③A ④B ⑤B ⑥A ⑦A ⑧B ⑨A ⑩B
【知识要点·须拾遗】
1.①economic ②economical ③economics
④The fast growing economy of China
2.①disturbed ②disturbing ③about
④disturb other students
3.①into ②on ③put/brought into operation
4.①conservation ②conservationist ③conserve environment
6 / 6(共91张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
1
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
3
课时检测·提能力
2
知识要点·须拾遗
1
重难语法·要攻克
掌握核心语法
现在完成进行时
1. All this time，the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my
head.
2. The journey has been flying by， and before I know it ...
3. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration
for centuries.
4. Now，thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country
have been enjoying these magical landscapes.
【我的发现】
现在完成进行时表示动作开始于 ，并一直持续到现在，动作
可能仍在进行，也可能刚刚结束。现在完成进行时的构
成： ，如句1、句2、句3和句4。
过去
have/has been＋现在分词
一、概念
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可
能还要继续进行下去。
二、结构
1. 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing （第三人称单数用has，其他人称
用have）
I have been waiting for you.
我一直在等你。
2. 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing
He hasn’t been using the car for the last two months.
过去的两个月他一直没用车。
三、用法
1. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要
继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点（或从句）”的
时间状语连用。
It has been snowing for three hours.
雪已经下了三个小时了。（从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在
还在下）
2. 表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
—Sorry！ I’m late.How long have you been waiting for me？
—We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
——很抱歉，我来迟了。你们等多长时间了？
——我们已经等了你半个小时了。
3. 强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感彩。
She’s been saying that twenty times.
那话她已经说了二十遍了。
4. 表示这段时间反复发生的事情。
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.
这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。
四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1. 某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能
用现在完成时，如see， hear， know， have， like， be等。
He has been having a cold for two weeks.（×）
He has had a cold for two weeks.（√）
他已经感冒两个星期了。
2. 不具有延续意义的动词，如finish， come， go， marry等不能用于
现在完成进行时。
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空
①Mark （work） really hard on his book and
he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
②We haven’t decided whether to have a second child.We
（think） about it the whole year.
③It seems that the water from this tap （run）
for some time.We have to take it apart to put it right.
④The Chinese （make） paper for two
thousand years.
⑤Car prices （decline） for six months
because these prices are negotiable.
has been working
have been
thinking
has been running
have been making
have been declining
五、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1. 完成性
现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调动作的完成，现在完成进行时侧重
于表示未完成。
I have dialed four times.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我已经拨了四次电话了，我认为办公室里没人。
I have been dialling.I don’t think anyone is in the office.
我一直在打电话，我认为办公室里没人。
2. 动作的持久性
现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，而现在完成进行时更强调动作
延续时间的长久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待六周了。
3. 动作的频繁性
现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时，表示反复的但可能有间
断的动作，现在完成进行时可以表示断断续续地重复的动作，但不
能同表示具体次数和具体数字的词并用。
I have posted a dozen postcards， but received none.
我寄出了一打贺卡，可一张（别人给我的）也没收到。
I have been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初开始，我一直都在忙着寄贺卡。
I have read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.（√）
I have been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.
（×）
《傲慢与偏见》这本书我已经读过好几遍了。
4. 感彩
现在完成时感彩不浓，而现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感情
色彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打扰我。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人一直在说我的坏话。
5. 其他用法
（1）现代英语中，如lie， rest， wait， stay， sleep等谓语动词更
倾向于用现在完成进行时。
The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes.
这个婴儿已经睡了大约十分钟了。
（2）love， know等状态动词，要用现在完成时，不用现在完成进
行时。
They have known each other for ten years.
他们认识十年了。
【即时演练2】 选择填空
①— Why is the table in such a mess？
—
②Have something to eat. Here you are.
A. I’ve been making a salad.
B. I’ve made a salad.
答案：①A ②B
答案： ③A ④B
③We have visited England .
④We have been visiting England .
A. six times
B. since we started learning English
⑤Someone has eaten our toasts.
⑥Someone has been eating our toasts.
A. There is only one toast left.
B. They are all gone.
⑦How long ？
⑧How many times ？
A. have you been trying to contact me
B. have you tried to contact me
答案：⑤B ⑥A ⑦A ⑧B
⑨I’ve typed .
⑩I’ve been typing .
A. three letters since you came home
B. letters since you came home
答案：⑨A ⑩B
2
知识要点·须拾遗
关注高频词汇
economy n.经济
【教材原句】 For countries such as Costa Rica， Kenya and
Nepal， ecotourism is an important part of the economy.对哥斯达黎
加、肯尼亚和尼泊尔等国家来说，生态旅游是经济的重要组成部分。
【用法】
（1）economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；经济学的
economic development 经济发展
（2）economical adj. 经济的；节约的；精打细算的
（3）economics n. 经济学
（4）economist n. 经济学家
【佳句】 The number of tourists declined by at least 20％ last year
because of the slow-growing economy.
由于经济增长缓慢，去年游客数量至少下降了20％。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Successful businesses are highly adaptable to
（economy） change.
②Going by train is more （economy） than going by
plane.
③We should be exposed to the knowledge of finance
and （economic）.
economic
economical
economics
【写美】 补全句子
④ makes it possible for
everyone to have access to 5G network.
中国快速发展的经济使每个人使用5G网络成为可能。
The fast growing economy of China
disturb v.干扰，扰乱
【教材原句】 disturb the wildlife 打扰野生动物
【用法】
（1）disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
（2）disturbed adj. 心神不宁的；精神失常的；烦恼的
emotionally/mentally disturbed
情绪/精神失常的
be disturbed about 对……感到忧虑
（3）disturbance n. 打扰
【佳句】 I’m sorry to disturb you， but can I talk to you for a
moment？
对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
【练透】 单句语法填空
①With her cousins making much noise in her room，
the （disturb） girl cannot help frowning.
②At that time， hunger was a （disturb） problem in
many parts of the countryside.
③Police are very disturbed the latest trend.
disturbed
disturbing
about
【写美】 补全句子
④Don’t run to and from in the classroom.It may
.
不要在教室里来回跑，这可能会干扰其他学生。
disturb other
students
operator n.经营者；操作员
【教材原句】 You are a hotel operator who wants to build a hotel on
some forested land.
你是一个酒店经营者，想在森林密布的地方建一个酒店。
【用法】
（1）operate vi 运转；动手术
vt. 操作；经营
operate on/upon sb 给某人动手术
（2）operation n. 手术；运转；操作
come/go into operation 开始工作/运转；生效
put/bring ...into operation 实施/施行……
【佳句】 She showed me around the building in which she once
worked as a lift operator.
她带我参观了她曾经在里面做过电梯操作员的那栋大楼。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①The new plant is under construction and will come
operation next year.
②The woman was walking up and down outside the operation room，
because her son was being operated .
into
on
【写美】 补全句子
③As is estimated， more than 20 million shared bikes will have
been nationwide by 2025.
据估计，到2025年，全国将有超过2，000万辆共享单车投入运营。
put/brought into operation
conservationist n.（动植物或古旧建筑的）保护工作者；环境保护
主义者
【教材原句】 You are a conservationist who wants to protect the
wildlife there.
你是一个环境保护主义者，想要保护那里的野生动物。
【用法】
（1）conserve vt. 保护；保存；节约
conserve energy 节约能源
（2）conservation n. （对自然环境的）保护； 防止流失
wildlife conservation 野生动物保护
（3）conservative adj. 保守的
conservative view 保守观念
【佳句】 It takes a seasoned conservationist like Mr Wang a whole
year to restore just three to four paintings.
像王先生这样经验丰富的自然保护主义者，花了整整一年的时间才修
复了三到四幅画。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Giant pandas are seen as living proof that
（conserve） works， the numbers of which are recovering after
years of decline.
②Charlie goes on a series of misadventures to find the kangaroo，
with the help of Jessie， a wildlife （conserve）.
conservation
conservationist
【写美】 补全句子
③Therefore， effective measures should be taken and laws should be
passed to .
因此，应采取有效措施并通过法律来保护环境。
conserve environment
3
课时检测·提能力
培育学科素养
维度一：基础题型练
用所给动词的正确时态填空
1. Now that Lucy is out of work， she
（consider） going back to school， but she
（not， decide） yet.
2. Since that unfortunate accident last week， I
（sleep） badly.
has been considering
hasn’t decided
have been
sleeping
3. He （write） articles for our newspaper these
three years， and he has written about thirty articles.
4. Ι （wrestle） with this physics problem for
a whole morning， but I haven’t worked it out.
5. They （investigate） the murder for
three weeks， and have already found some valuable clues.
6. “Your child （look） for an opportunity to
climb out of the window all day long，” the man said as he gave the
child back to her.
has been writing
have been wrestling
have been investigating
has been looking
7. In the past one hour， the fire （extend）
almost to the top floor， with residents crowding into roof exit.
8. Shall the kids take a break？ They （do）
homework in the study for nearly two hours.
9. This is the first time that I （visit） Xi’an and I am
deeply impressed with its ancient buildings.
10. Thank to your constant encouragement， I
（make） great progress in my studies in the past few months.
has been extending
have been doing
have visited
have made
维度二：语法与写作
补全句子
1. It is the first time that we the film festival in
New York， so we will have a special experience.
这是我们第一次在纽约参加电影节，所以我们会有一个特别的
体验。
2. Over the past decades， sea ice in the
Arctic as a result of global warming.
在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。
have taken part in
has been decreasing
3. I a job for three months， and this is my
first formal interview.
我一直找工作找了三个月了，这是我第一次正式面试。
4. All these years we to get in touch with him.
这些年来我们一直努力与他取得联系。
5. You seem to be very busy.What recently？
你好像很忙，最近都在做些什么啊？
6. Ever since he the factory， he
importance to safety in production.
自从他接管工厂以来，他一直在强调安全生产的重要性。
have been looking for
have been trying
have you been doing
took over
has been attaching
7. Tom， who English for many years， is
fluent in spoken English now.
汤姆多年来一直在学习英语，现在他的英语口语很流利了。
8. We for the past few
weeks.I hope it will be finished next week.
过去几个星期我们一直在做这个实验。我希望下周能完成。
9. Keeping learning and improving myself is what I
.
不断学习和提升自己是我一直在做的事情。
has been studying
have been conducting the experiment
have been
doing
10. Since last week， the students at doing
voluntary work at the nearby railway station.
自上星期以来，学生们一直轮流到附近的火车站做志愿工作。
have been taking turns
维度三：语法与语篇
用所给词的适当形式完成下面短文
Last night， I 1. （go） to see a concert by the Chinese-
born Canadian artist Liu Fang.She was born in China and
2. （study） music in Shanghai， but she 3.
（live） in Canada since 1996.She 4.
（play） traditional Chinese music since she was very young.Last
night， she 5. （perform） a series of classical Chinese
pieces for the pipa and the guzheng.I 6. （buy） a CD of
her music after the concert and I 7. （listen）
to it all day today！
went
studied
has been
living
has been playing
performed
bought
have been listening
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Depending on the right combination of currents and wind， a
large mass of Sargassum （马尾藻） “seaweed”circling the Gulf of
Mexico may soon wash up along the US coast near Florida.The bloom
（藻华），which is likely to be the largest ever recorded，is visible
from space.
Sargassum is a type of leafy， rootless algae that form large
floating mats on the ocean floor.It can be found in the Sargasso Sea
and was first mentioned by Christopher Columbus in 1492 when he
was afraid his ship would become trapped in it.
Sargassum is an important habitat for marine species because it
provides food， shelter， and breeding grounds.It absorbs carbon
dioxide， an important greenhouse gas that contributes to global
warming， just like other floating marine vegetation， according to
Phys.org.However， when tons of it gathers along coastlines， it sends
out a terrible strong smell which can cause headaches， eye
discomfort， and upset stomachs.Too much algae on beaches can
harm marine ecosystems and make it difficult for people to keep on
with their recreational and fishing activities， costing communities
millions of dollars.
Scientists have been tracking the formation of large Sargassum
blooms.However， this year’s bloom could be the largest ever，
covering more than 8，800 kilometers from the coasts of Africa to the
Gulf of Mexico and weighing 10 million tons.
It is critical to improve Sargassum management.The Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） not only
advocates best practices in Sargassum clean-up and removal， but
also cooperates with governments and communities to develop
policies， standards， and measures to protect public and
environmental health.FAO is also promoting ways to repurpose
Sargassum， turning it into products to provide additional
employment and income.In fact， small businesses are already using
Sargassum to make bricks， shoes， soaps and paper.Larger
businesses are considering turning Sargassum into renewable energy，
bioplastics and compost.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马尾藻对海洋生态
系统和沿海社区的影响。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马尾藻对海洋生态
系统和沿海社区的影响。
1. Why does the author mention space in Paragraph 1？
A. To stress the Sargassum bloom is massive.
B. To explain how currents and wind combine.
C. To show what the Gulf of Mexico looks like from space.
D. To demonstrate how the Sargassum movement was tracked.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在第一段中提
到太空是为了强调这可能是有记录以来最大的藻华，并且从太空中
可见。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A. Sargassum’s significance in the marine economy.
B. The process of Sargassum’s moving to the coast.
C. Sargassum’s contribution to reducing global warming.
D. The double-edged effects of Sargassum’s existence.
解析：D 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要讲述了马
尾藻的好处和危害，即马尾藻的双刃剑效应。
3. How do small businesses fight against Sargassum blooms？
A. They participate in clean-up activities.
B. They help rebuild marine ecosystems.
C. They create products from Sargassum.
D. They transform Sargassum into resources.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In fact， small
businesses are already using Sargassum to make bricks，
shoes， soaps and paper.可知，小企业是通过马尾藻制造产品
来对抗藻华的。
4. What would be the best title for the text？
A. Smelly Seaweed Bloom Heads to Florida
B. FAO Now Works on Reducing Marine Litter
C. Groundbreaking Project Turns Sargassum into Plastics
D. Sargassum is Changing the Beach Vacation in Mexico
解析：A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了马尾藻可
能沿着墨西哥湾将会在佛罗里达附近的美国海岸上冲上来，同时也
提到了它的臭味和对人们的影响。故A项为文章最佳标题。
B
Engineers have launched a huge garbage collection device to
gather plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean between California and
Hawaii.The plastic makes up what is called the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch.It is the world’s largest spread of garbage， twice the size of the
state of Texas.
The organisation The Ocean Cleanup created the collection
device.The group’s founder is Boyan Slat， a 24-year-old inventor
from the Netherlands.When Slat was 16， he went diving in the
Mediterranean Sea and saw more plastic bags than fish.Since then，
he has made up his mind to clean up the ocean.
He told the Associated Press that researchers with his
organisation have found plastic from the 1960s and 1970s among the
materials in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It contains an estimated
1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in total.Most of them float on the surface of
the water， or are within a few metres under the surface.
Last Saturday， a ship pulling the pipe-shaped floating barrier
left San Francisco for the Garbage Patch.The barrier， called the
floater， is 600 metres across.Attached to it is a screen （滤网） that
hangs three metres down in the water.The screen is designed to collect
the plastic as it moves through the water.Sea animals can safely swim
under the barrier.The clean-up system also comes with lights powered
by the sun， cameras， and other special devices.Slat said these
enabled the system to report its position at all times.
Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered， including
bottles and fishing equipment.Slat said the containers are expected to
be back on land within a year.Then the plastic will be recycled.And
they will also study how the system performs in severe ocean
conditions， including huge waves.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博杨·斯雷特因为在
潜水时发现水中有大量垃圾，所以决定组建团队，清除海洋垃圾。
该组织最近发明了一种新的装置，在清理海洋垃圾中有显著的效
果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博杨·斯雷特因为在
潜水时发现水中有大量垃圾，所以决定组建团队，清除海洋垃圾。
该组织最近发明了一种新的装置，在清理海洋垃圾中有显著的效
果。
5. How did Boyan Slat react to that diving in the Mediterranean Sea？
A. He showed a great interest in diving.
B. He became worried about his safety.
C. He decided to remove the garbage in the ocean.
D. He became curious about underwater creatures.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，斯雷特在潜水
时发现水中的垃圾比鱼都多，所以他下定决心清除海洋中的垃圾。
6. What has the organisation The Ocean Cleanup found about the
Great Pacific Garbage Patch？
A. Most of its plastic is half a century old.
B. It covers almost the size of the state of Texas.
C. Altogether there are about 1.8 billion pieces of plastic.
D. The majority of its plastic floats on or near the surface.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，太平洋垃圾带
的大部分垃圾都漂浮在海洋的表面或水面以下几米深的地方。
7. Why was a screen attached to the floater？
A. To power lights in the ship.
B. To protect sea animals near it.
C. To tell the position of the ship.
D. To collect plastic along the way.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The screen is designed to
collect the plastic as it moves through the water.可知，滤网是该设
备在水中移动时用来收集塑料垃圾的。
8. What is the text mainly about？
A. Approaches to removing garbage in the ocean.
B. The problem of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.
C. A young man who does well in classifying garbage.
D. A huge device made to clean garbage in the ocean.
解析：D 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个最新
的大型垃圾收集装置在清理海洋垃圾方面的作用和工作原理。
C
If you really want to go green， here’s good news：eating green is
good for you.The very foods with a high carbon cost — meat， pork，
dairy products， processed snacks — also tend to be filled with fat and
calories.A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruit， whole
grains （全谷物）， fish and lean meats （瘦肉） like chicken — a
diet that is good for environment and your figure.Eating green can be
healthier and beneficial to the climate.
It may be hard to believe that a meal in a fast-food restaurant
produces more carbon than your trip to a faraway place.More than 37
％ of the world’s land is used for agriculture， much of which was
once forested.Deforestation （砍伐森林） is a major source of
carbon.The fertilizer （化肥） and machinery needed on a modern
farm also have a large carbon footprint， as does the network of ships
and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate.
The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your
menu is to eat less meat， especially beef.Raising cattle takes a lot
more energy than growing the equivalent （相等的） amount of
grains， fruit or vegetables.What’s more， the majority of cattle in
the US are fed on grain and loads of it — 670 million tons in 2002 —
and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental
problems.
Focus on eating lower on the food chain， with more plants and
fruits and less meat and dairy.It’s simple.We can change today what
goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃绿色食物的好处：有
益于身体健康和环境保护。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了吃绿色食物的好处：有
益于身体健康和环境保护。
9. According to the passage， what’s the benefit of eating green？
A. It will protect the animals from being killed.
B. It will promote the development of agriculture.
C. It will help us lose weight and keep self-confidence.
D. It will be good for our health and make a change for the climate.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Eating green can be
healthier and beneficial to the climate.可知，吃绿色食物有益于我
们的健康，改变气候。
10. What will not lead to carbon in the agriculture？
A. Grains. B. Fertiliser.
C. Machinery. D. Deforestation.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Deforestation （砍伐森
林） is a major source ...the farm to your plate.可知，砍伐森林、
肥料、机械都会导致碳排放，A项未提及。
11. In the author’s opinion， what’s the most efficient way to reduce
carbon in our diet？
A. To use less fertilizer.
B. To plant more grains.
C. To stop raising the cattle.
D. To eat more vegetables than meat.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和最后一段可知，在
作者看来，减少碳排放最有效的方法是多吃蔬菜少吃肉。
12. What is the passage mainly about？
A. The change of our menu.
B. How to reduce the carbon.
C. The benefits of eating green.
D. The ways of keeping healthy.
解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是绿色食
物不仅对身体有益而且也会有益于气候，即文章主要说明了吃绿
色食物的好处。
Ⅱ.完形填空
With his leg lame and his teeth uneven， the boy thought of
himself as the most unfortunate child in the world.He 13 played
with his classmates， and when asked to answer questions， he
always 14 his head without a word.
One spring， his father brought home some saplings （树
苗）.Each of his children would plant a sapling and he promised，
“Whoever 15 his sapling best shall get a gift.” The boy certainly
wanted to get the gift.But seeing his brothers and sisters watering the
trees， he 16 an idea — he hoped the tree he planted would die
soon.So watering it once or twice， he never 17 it.
Several days later， he was 18 to find it not only didn’t die，
but also grew so many fresh pared with those of his
brothers’ and sisters’， his appeared greener.His father kept
his 20 ， bought the boy a gift and said he would become an
outstanding 21 after growing up.
From then on， the boy slowly became 22 and confident.One
evening， he suddenly remembered his biology teacher once said that
plants 23 grow at night.Why not go to see the tree？
When he came to the 24 ， he found his father working near
the tree！Immediately he 25 ： Father had been secretly 26
his tree！He returned to his room， tears in his eyes.
Decades passed.The boy didn’t become a botanist.Instead， he
became the US president.His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
27 is the best nourishment （滋养物） of life.Even though it
is just a bucket of water， it can make the tree of life grow well！
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个自认为天生不幸的
小男孩经过一次种树的经历，受到父亲的鼓励和帮助而变得自信，
后来成为美国总统的故事。文章旨在告诉读者：爱是滋润孩子心灵
的最好的养料。
13. A. seldom B. ever C. still D. often
解析：A 根据上下文可知，小男孩牙齿不齐又跛脚，认为自己
是最不幸的，因此很少和同学们一起玩。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个自认为天生不幸的
小男孩经过一次种树的经历，受到父亲的鼓励和帮助而变得自信，
后来成为美国总统的故事。文章旨在告诉读者：爱是滋润孩子心灵
的最好的养料。
14. A. helped B. raised
C. lowered D. covered
解析：C 小男孩认为自己最不幸，且很少与同学们玩，因此被
提问时总是低头逃避回答问题。lower one’s head 意为“低下头”。
15. A. photographs B. protects
C. watches D. grows
解析：D 父亲承诺树种得最好的人可以获得奖品。上文中的
plant亦是提示。
16. A. came up with B. got rid of
C. cared for D. put forward
解析：A 根据下文的he hoped the tree he planted would die soon
可知，小男孩想到一个主意。come up with 意为“想出，想到”；
get rid of “摆脱，丢弃，毁掉”；care for “照顾”；put forward “提
出”。
17. A. contributed to B. attended to
C. got used to D. turned to
解析：B 小男孩希望小树很快死掉，所以给它浇了一两次水之
后，他再没有照顾过小树。contribute to “有助于”； attend to “照
顾，关怀”；get used to “习惯于”； turn to “求助于”。
18. A. amused B. frightened
C. disappointed D. surprised
解析：D 小树的成长和小男孩的心理预期相反，所以他感到
惊讶。
19. A. roots B. flowers C. leaves D. seeds
解析：C 根据Compared with those of his brothers’ and sisters’，
his appeared greener.可知，与他的哥哥姐姐们的树相比，他的树
显得更绿；再结合常识可推知，他的树长出了许多嫩叶。
20. A. opinion B. balance
C. agreement D. word
解析：D keep one’s word 意为“信守诺言”，空处和上文中的he
promised相呼应。
21. A. teacher B. gardener
C. botanist D. president
解析：C 根据倒数第二段中的The boy didn’t become a
botanist.可知，此处表示父亲说小男孩长大后会成为一名出色
的植物学家。
22. A. satisfied B. upset
C. independent D. optimistic
解析：D 第一段中提到小男孩很少与同学们一起玩，还总是低
头逃避回答问题，这表明他悲观、不开朗、不自信。种树一事是
他第一次有所成就并得到鼓励，这无疑对他起到积极的作用，此
前精神低落的状态逐渐改变。另外结合空后的confident一词也可
推知，应选optimistic。
23. A. hardly B. generally
C. recently D. probably
解析：B 根据常识和下文中的Why not go to see the tree？可知，
小男孩回想起生物老师说过植物一般在夜间生长。generally表示
“通常，一般地”。
24. A. bedroom B. classroom
C. courtyard D. workplace
解析：C 小男孩想去看看树，应该是去了院子里。courtyard 意
为“庭院，院子”。
25. A. doubted B. admitted
C. wondered D. understood
解析：D 看到眼前的景象，小男孩立刻明白了是父亲一直在暗
中帮助他给小树浇水。
26. A. cutting B. watering
C. decorating D. fertilizing
解析：B 参见上题解析。
27. A. Love B. Confidence
C. Disability D. Honesty
解析：A 小树和小男孩的共同点是都得到了关爱，此处指爱是
最好的养料。
谢谢观看！
